Metaphase I Encompasses The Alignment of Paired Chromosomes Along The Center

Science Oral Recit Qs
Heredity 1
1. What is meiosis? Describe the importance and the number of chromosomes and
number of daughter cells it results to.
Meiosis is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the
original amount of genetic information. This is to shuffle genetic information and cut the cellular
chromosome number in half, from 46 chromosomes to 23 chromosomes. In this way, when an
egg and sperm cell combine during fertilization, the resulting embryo will inherit the appropriate
amount of unique genetic information from each parent.
2. What is the difference between meiosis I and meiosis II? Explain.

- Meiosis I includes crossing over or recombination of genetic material between
chromosome pairs, while meiosis II does not. In meiosis II, these chromosomes are
further separated into sister chromatids.
- Meiosis I begins with one diploid parent cell and ends with two haploid daughter cells,
halving the number of chromosomes in each cell while Meiosis II starts with two haploid
parent cells and ends with four haploid daughter cells, maintaining the number of
chromosomes in each cell.
3. How does crossing over in meiosis become important?

Because this is accountable for genetic variation and this allows the exchange of genes
between homologous chromosomes
4. What are the phases of meiosis I? Describe each.

In each of these phases, there is a prophase, a metaphase, and anaphase and a telophase.
- Prophase I is the longest phase of meiosis, with three main events occurring. The first is
the condensation of chromatin into chromosomes that can be seen through the
microscope; the second is the synapsis or physical contact between homologous
chromosomes; and the crossing over of genetic material between these synapsed
chromosomes.
- Metaphase I encompasses the alignment of paired chromosomes along the center
(metaphase plate) of a cell, ensuring that two complete copies of chromosomes are
present in the resulting two daughter cells.
- Anaphase I begins when the two chromosomes of each bivalent (tetrad) separate and
start moving toward opposite poles of the cell as a result of the action of the spindle.
- Telophase I the chromosomes are enclosed in nuclei. The cell now undergoes a
process called cytokinesis that divides the cytoplasm of the original cell into two
daughter cells.
5. How is cytokinesis important in a cell cycle?
Because it is the part where the two new daughter cells are formed. Without cytokinesis, it is
impossible for the growth and development of new cells to happen.
6. What phase of mitosis is described in the picture below? How many
chromosomes and chromatids are present?
7. What is genetics? Describe Mendel’s contribution to genetics.

Genetics is the study of heredity. Mendel discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance.
8. What are the Mendelian Principles? Describe each.

- The law of independent assortment says that genes for different traits
segregate independently of each other. It means that separate traits are
separately inherited.
- The law of dominance says that there are dominant and recessive traits.
Dominant traits are defined as whichever phenotype is expressed in an organism
that is heterozygous for the trait.
- The law of segregation states that each individual that is a diploid has a pair of
alleles (copy) for a particular trait. Each parent passes an allele at random to
their offspring resulting in a diploid organism.
9. How do phenotype and genotype relate? Give examples each.

10. How do homozygous and heterozygous allele differ?
Homozygous is a genetic condition where an individual inherits the same alleles of a gene from
both the parents while Heterozygous is a genetic condition where an individual inherits different
alleles of a gene from the two parents.
Homo: RR Hetero: Rr
11. A. What gametes can an individual with the genotype YY make?

A “YY” genotype can only produce gametes with Y alleles.
B. What gametes can an individual with the genotype ‘’ttaa’’ make?
12. What is the importance of punnett square? Explain.

This is a diagram used to determine the statistical likelihood of each possible genotype of the
offspring of two parents for a given trait or traits.
13. Perform a test cross. Predict the genotype and the genotype and phenotype of
offspring.
14. How do monohybrid and dihybrid cross differ? Explain
monohybrid cross is a cross between first-generation offspring of parents who differ in one trait
while a dihybrid cross is a cross between first-generation offspring of parents who differ in two
traits.
15. How do genes and chromosomes share similarities?

Both occur in pairs and both segregate at the time of gamete formation such that only one of
each pair is transmitted to a gamete.
Heredity 2
1. Define the terms gene and allele and explain how they differ.
A gene is a portion of DNA that determines a certain trait. An allele is a specific form of
a gene. Genes are responsible for the expression of traits while alleles are responsible
for the variations in which a given trait can be expressed.
2. Compare the processes of mitosis and meiosis

- Mitosis involves one cell division while meiosis involves two successive cell divisions
- Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, whereas meiosis results in four sex cells.
3. How do DNA and genes relate? Explain
4. Explain the function of chromosomes in the cell?

Facilitate proper cell division and replication. The main function of the chromosome is to fit the
DNA inside the nucleus.
5. Explain the difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes

autosomes are chromosomes that regulate the somatic characters of the body, whereas
sex chromosomes are the pair of chromosomes that determines the sex of an organism,
and they regulate the sex-linked traits.
6. Describe the 4 types of chromosomes based on the position on the centromere.

7. How do genes, DNA, chromosomes relate? Explain
8. How do chromatids and chromosomes relate?
A chromatid is a condensed DNA subunit of a chromosome. The two chromatids of a
duplicated chromosome are held together at a region of DNA called the centromere.
9. What is the difference between diploid and haploid number of chromosomes?

Explain.
- Haploid cells are those that have only a single set of chromosomes while diploid
cells have two sets of chromosomes.
- Haploid cells are formed through meiosis and diploid cells undergo mitosis.
10. What is the importance of mitosis? Explain

This plays an important part in the development of embryos and for the growth and
development of our body since this produces new cells and replaces cells that are old,lost, or
damaged.
11. What is the importance of meiosis?

because this ensures that all organisms produced via sexual reproduction contain the
correct number of chromosomes and produces genetic variation.
12. What are the homologous chromosomes? Describe
Homologous chromosomes are two pieces of DNA within a diploid organism which carry the
same genes, one from each parental source.
13. What is a cell cycle? Describe the phases of cell cycle

Cell cycle is the process through which cells replicate and make two new cells.
a. G1 is the stage where the cell is preparing to divide
b. It then moves into the S phase where the cell copies all the DNA. S stands for
DNA synthesis.
c. After the DNA is copied, the cell moves into the G2 stage, where it organizes and
condenses the genetic material, or starts to condense the genetic material, and
prepares to divide.
d. The next stage is M. M stands for mitosis. This is where the cell actually
partitions the two copies of the genetic material into the two daughter cells.
e. After M phase completes, cell division occurs and two cells are left, and the cell
cycle can begin again.
14. What is interphase? Describe the phases of the interphase.

Interphase is the stage in the life cycle of a cell where the cell grows and DNA is
replicated.
15. How do chromatin, chromatid and chromosome relate? Explain

- The chromatin is a lower order of DNA organization, while chromosomes are the
higher order of DNA organization.
- The chromatin undergoes further condensation to form the chromosome.
16. What is cell division? Explain the two stages of cell division
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. The
cell cycle can be separated into two major phases that alternate with each other: interphase,
during which the cell grows, prepares for mitosis and duplicates its DNA, and the mitotic (M)
phase, in which the cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells.
17. What is mitosis? Describe the 4 phases of mitosis in order
18. What is the importance of cell cycle?
19. Where does mitosis occur and how many chromosomes and daughter cells will if
produce?

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Science Oral Recit Qs

2. What is the difference between meiosis I and meiosis II? Explain.

3. How does crossing over in meiosis become important?

4. What are the phases of meiosis I? Describe each.

7. What is genetics? Describe Mendel’s contribution to genetics.

8. What are the Mendelian Principles? Describe each.

9. How do phenotype and genotype relate? Give examples each.

11. A. What gametes can an individual with the genotype YY make?

B. What gametes can an individual with the genotype ‘’ttaa’’ make?

12. What is the importance of punnett square? Explain.

15. How do genes and chromosomes share similarities?

2. Compare the processes of mitosis and meiosis

3. How do DNA and genes relate? Explain

4. Explain the function of chromosomes in the cell?

5. Explain the difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes

6. Describe the 4 types of chromosomes based on the position on the centromere.

9. What is the difference between diploid and haploid number of chromosomes?

10. What is the importance of mitosis? Explain

11. What is the importance of meiosis?

13. What is a cell cycle? Describe the phases of cell cycle

14. What is interphase? Describe the phases of the interphase.

15. How do chromatin, chromatid and chromosome relate? Explain

17. What is mitosis? Describe the 4 phases of mitosis in order

18. What is the importance of cell cycle?

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