Becoming A Buddhist
Becoming A Buddhist
Printed by
Ideal Print House (002336965-V)
(A member of Uniprints Marketing Sdn Bhd)
ISBN: XXX-XXX-XXXX-XX-X
1
2
Becoming a Buddhist
by
Ven Dr Madawela Punnaji
Becoming a Buddhist
Practicing Buddhism and being a
Buddhist are two different things. You
may not be a Buddhist but you can
still practice Buddhism. On the other
hand, you may be a Buddhist but not
practice Buddhism. Quite different
from both practicing and being is
becoming a Buddhist.
On the other extreme are the
Westerners who experience with
Buddhist practice but do not become
Buddhist. They miss the full benefit
3
of the practice. On the other extreme
are the Easterners, born in Buddhist
countries and brought up in Buddhist
cultures, who call themselves
Buddhists but do not practice
Buddhism. They get very little benefit,
if any at all, from Buddhism.
There is a third intermediate
group of people, however, that avoids
both extremes; that is, those who
become Buddhists. They are the ones
who really benefit from the teaching
of the Buddha.
Those who call themselves
Buddhists just because they have
been born into a Buddhist family or
because they practice some rituals
are mistaken. One does not become a
Buddhist by birth, by practice, or even
4
by initiation. One becomes a Buddhist
by what one is.
Buddhists by birth as well as non-
Buddhists, practitioners of Buddhism
or otherwise, can become Buddhists if
they want to and know how. To do so,
one has to understand what one is.
Character Structure
What one is, is one’s character
structure, which consists of one’s
philosophy of life, one’s aim in life,
what one speaks habitually, what one
does habitually, and how one lives
habitually. Habits are tendencies of
behaviour, which are perpetuated by
practice. Practice means repetition.
What one repeats habitually, one
becomes. One repeats, however, only
5
what one wants to be. One is what
one wants to be. What one wants to
be depends on one’s sense of values,
which in turn depends on one’s
philosophy of life.
An individual’s character is a
functional whole that is organized
to reach a set goal. Every habit of
thought, speech, and action is an
integral part of this functional whole,
which is necessary to reach this goal.
The goal, however, is always a
personality. It is some self that one
wants to be. To be more accurate, the
goal is a visualized image of the person
one wants to become.
This person one wants to become
is always a person one considers to be
6
superior in some form. One always
wants to move from a state of inferiority
to a state of superiority. One’s goal
tends to be what one perceives to be
lacking in oneself. What is perceived
to be superior depends on one’s sense
of values. These values, again, depends
on one’s philosophy of life.
If we want to change our habits, we
can do so only by becoming a different
person: by a rebirth - which means we
have to change our philosophy of life.
We have to change our goal in life,
which will be followed by a complete
reorganizing of our thought, speech,
action, and life to reach a different
goal. This means, we will have a new
way of thinking, a new way of feeling
and a new way of speaking, acting and
7
living. Then old habits will drop and
new habits will be formed.
Isolated habits cannot be
eliminated because they are essential
parts of one’s character structure
organized to reach a desired goal. It
is only by a character transformation
that one can change one’s habits. This
is the reason for the many failures
in attempts to overcome habits like
eating, drinking, smoking, etc.
9
6. Harmonious Exercise
7. Harmonious Attention
8. Harmonious Mental Equilibrium
This Sublime Eightfold Way is
not a set of commandments or rules
of living as some describe it. It is a
description of the character structure
of the true Buddhist. One has to
acquire this character structure in
order to become a Buddhist.
A change in character is rarely a
sudden change, though sometimes
it could appear to be so. After a long
period of struggling to understand,
the harmonious perspective may
dawn upon one when the pieces of
the jigsaw puzzle suddenly click into
place.
10
When the harmonious perspective
appears, the rest of the structure
falls into place. The individual’s life
becomes reoriented and reorganized
to reach the very special goal of inner
calm called Nibbana.
11
These emotional impulses are
basically of two kinds: those that
seek pleasure (lobha) and those that
avoid pain (dosa). These two kinds
of emotional impulses represent the
positive and the negative aspects of
pleasure seeking (kama-sukhallikanu-
yoga). These emotional impulses are
also blind and they make us blind to
reality (moha). These three drive us
toward the goal of pleasure and seek
immediate satisfaction.
If one’s pleasure-seeking emotions
are powerful, one might become a
criminal. If, on the other hand, one’s
fear and shame become powerful one
tends to become inhibited and deny
oneself pleasure through an ascetic
lifestyle (atta-kilamatanu-yoga). If
12
one cannot resolve the conflict one
way or the other, one might become
neurotic or psychotic, running away
from reality into a fantasy world.
The outer conflict occurs when the
search for pleasure comes in conflict
with other people or the physical
environment itself. We cannot always
have pleasure and we cannot always
avoid pain. Sometimes our enjoyment
of pleasure can hurt other people.
Often things do not happen, as we want.
Our impulses are blind and our reason
comes in conflict with our impulses.
The conflict between the impulses
and the external environment creates
frustration, anxiety and unhappiness.
The search for pleasure also results
in possessiveness or personalization;
13
we like to own our pleasures and
make them permanent. By owning or
personalizing, we build and expand
a self and personality or ego. This
personalization is also accompanied
by a desire for the permanent existence
of what we call ourselves or our own.
We like what we personalize not to
grow old or die.
Youthfulness is pleasant to us,
while old age is unpleasant. Health
is pleasant to us, while disease is
unpleasant. Life is pleasant to us,
while death is unpleasant. Parting
from the pleasant and meeting the
unpleasant is frustrating. Not being
able to have things as we want is a
frustration. The cause of this suffering
is undoubtedly unrealistic desire or
14
emotional impulses, which lead to
personalization.
It is clear that blind impulse is the
culprit. It is this blind impulse that
clashes with our sense of goodness
and without reason and external
reality. It is only by gaining control
over this impulse that this conflict
can be resolved. Some method had
to be found to gain control over this
impulse without creating suffering in
the process.
21
The purpose of Buddhist worship
is to get one moving in the right
direction. It is a reorientation. It is a
kind of meditation or a psychological
exercise. The idea is that we move
in the direction of what we consider
superior and worthwhile. Worship
reminds us of the Buddhist sense of
values – we become what we worship.
Buddhist worship consists of
bows, offerings, recitations, silent
meditations, sharing of merit, and
aspiration, each of which has a very
important psychological meaning and
purpose.
The bow, or obeisance, is an
important practice, which starts the
initiate in the right direction. It is the
recognition of the greatness of the
22
Buddha and the admission of one’s
own inadequacy in comparison to the
Buddha.
It is saying, in effect, “Great
Lord, I recognize your greatness in
comparison to me.” This is humbling
oneself before the Buddha. It makes
the individual aware of his or her
position on the ladder of progress.
The bow, or prostration, is a conscious
admission of one’s inferiority to the
superior position of the Buddha. It
cultivates a healthy humble feeling,
quite different from a morbid
inferiority complex.
This recognition of one’s
inadequacy spurs one towards a
superior state. Buddhists do not
look upon themselves as sinners and
23
helpless weaklings before a superior,
all-powerful, supernatural being who
can never be equalled by anyone.
They believe that everyone can reach
the state of perfection reached by the
Buddha.
This exercise of bowing is only a
method of programming our mind
to reach the goal of perfection. It
reminds us of our goal and the need
to pursue it. It helps us to visualize the
goal with respect and appreciation.
Modern psycho-cybernetic theory,
which compares the human mind to
an automatic goal-seeking machine,
is a very precise description of how
Buddhist practice works.
Buddhists worship is a kind of
hero worship. If we worship those we
24
consider to be heroes, we gradually
become like them; if we worship
(respect and admire) criminals, we
become criminals ourselves; if we
worship saints, on the other hand,
we tend to become saints. The basic
principle is that we become what
we worship. We become the ideal
we worship. Buddhists are not idol
worshipers, but are ideal worshipers.
The bow is the physical
expression of saddha, the mental
state of reverential appreciation of
the Buddha. It was William James
who said, “Action seems to follow
feeling, but really action and feeling
go together; and by regulating the
action, which is under the more direct
control of the will, we can indirectly
25
regulate the feeling, which is not.” If
we understand this psychological
principle, we understand how the bow
can help cultivate saddha within us.
By acting out saddha in the bow, we
produce the feeling of saddha within
us. This saddha is what initiates the
movement towards our goal.
All other parts of the worship,
such as offerings, recitations and
meditation, help cultivate saddha. The
offering of light, which symbolizes
wisdom, is a way of honouring the
enlightenment of the Buddha.
The offering of incense, which
symbolizes virtue, is to honour the
Buddha’s virtues. Flowers represent
the pleasures of the world, which are
transient; their offering represents the
26
sacrifice of worldliness in favour of
the inner peace of Nibbana.
Offering food symbolizes our
gratitude to the Buddha for giving us
his teachings, even though what we
give is not worth even a thousandth
part of what Buddha gave to us.
When our lives have been
reoriented through the cultivation of
saddha or the reverential appreciation
of the goal of perfection of human
nature, our speech, action and lifestyle
fall in line with this goal and our life
begins to move in the direction of this
goal. When this happens, we have
become Buddhists. Now we see how
important it is to cultivate saddha.
27
The Use of Images
To place the use of images in
Buddhist worship in its proper
perspective, we must recognize that
people use images in their lives all the
time, sometimes to their disadvantage,
but often to their great advantage.
Even those who think they can do
without images cannot help being
influenced by them.
It is quite natural for human
beings of all cultures to use images of
various types. Why are great national
monuments and statues built? Why
do people pay thousands of dollars
for paintings and sculpture? Why do
people buy cameras? If images were
not of any value, would the camera
industry be so prosperous today?
28
The Chinese say, “One picture is
worth ten thousand words”. Modern
advertisers know this principle very
well and use it to their advantage.
Buddhists use Buddhist images to
their advantage as well.
Buddhists are not naive enough
to think that statues have life in them.
They only use them as symbols. They
use the image of the Buddha only
as an external representation of an
internal mental image. The external
image enhances the internal mental
image and the feeling associated with
it. Statues are a kind of non-verbal
language, like music, used to express
certain ideas. It might be worthwhile
to remember that we use verbal
29
symbols all the time when we are
speaking, writing, or even thinking.
Harmonious Behavior
When one becomes a Buddhist,
one’s change in speech, action, and
lifestyle is called sila. Sila is not
merely self-restraint or discipline. No
discipline is needed once our direction
in life has been changed. We then go
in that direction because we want to
go. Discipline and restraint would be
needed to stop us from going in that
direction or to change our habits of
behaviour. Even this would not be
successful unless we changed our
direction again.
A behaviour change imposed upon
one by an external agency is called
30
silabbata-paramasa in Buddhism.
This Pali term is commonly mis-
translated as “rites and rituals”.
However, sila means “behaviour”,
bata means “vow” and paramasa
means “taking as something external”
(parato amasati). So silabbata-
paramasa should really be translated
as “behaviour that is imposed upon
one”, not as “rights and rituals”.
If we consider the new behaviour
to be something imposed on us from
outside, and not something that is the
natural result of our changed outlook,
it would be silabbataparamasa. Some
examples of this would be; trying to
stop smoking because circumstances
forces us to do so, or because the
doctor said it must be done; trying to
31
follow commandments or precepts
for fear of punishment by a wrathful
God, or because Buddha said to do
so; or not drinking alcohol because
the government has issued a law of
prohibition against it. This externally
imposed behaviour change is not the
goal of Buddhists.
A Buddhist believes that all beings
are basically good. “The mind, Oh
disciples, is naturally pure. It becomes
defiled due to foreign impurities.” An
enlightened Buddhist would never
consider himself a “sinner”, thus
producing a bad self-image, which
would prevent him from seeking
purity. He would, rather, picture
himself as an inherently good and
32
calm person who could sometimes
temporarily lose his equilibrium.
Good behaviour is something
positive; it is not merely refraining
from bad behaviour. It means
becoming interested in others. It is
the ability to consider others to be as
important as oneself. It is being able
to share things with others and care
for others. It is treating others as
a mother would treat her beloved
children. It is including others in
one’s interest, without excluding any
individual because he or she is “bad”.
It is being able to forgive other’s faults.
It is being able to treat everyone
equally.
Good behaviour, in Buddhism,
is based on a good state of mind.
33
Therefore it is necessary to cultivate
a good mind, which is calm mind.
This is how meditation comes into
Buddhism. Meditation becomes a
natural thing when your mind is
oriented towards the goal of calmness.
Calmness is not opposed to interest in
others. The mind that is not calm is
self-absorbed and not able to become
interested in others. Selfless love is
not emotional excitement, as some
people think it is. All emotions are
self-centred.
Selflessness cannot therefore be an
emotion. It can only be seen as the state
of calm. This is why the cultivation of
calm in meditation cannot make a
person apathetic. Calmness can only
result in empathy, the ability to enter
34
into another person’s feelings as if they
were one’s own. This is what makes a
person good.
Calmness is not only selfless
concern for others, it is also
detachment. Attachment is self-
centred and is an emotion. This
attachment is what many people call
love. This kind of love disappears in
calmness, but this is not something
to be worried about. Attachment is,
actually what prevents selfless love.
If we become attached to a person
or thing, we tend to be protective
and possessive, and thus become
antagonistic towards others.
Therefore, detachment and
selflessness go together. In order to
develop selfless love, we have to give
35
up selfishness and attachment. This
is the meaning of renunciation in
Buddhism.
Renunciation and selfless concern
for others brings about happiness.
Unhappiness is due to a concern with
oneself and one’s needs. By giving up
self-concerns, one becomes happy.
This calmness and stability of mind is
what is called Samadhi (equilibrium).
Depersonalization
The final stage in the development
of the path of Buddhism is
depersonalization. This is when we
are able to give up what has been
personalized by seeing that there is
nothing that we can call our own.
36
When we see that all things are
unstable (anicca), anxiety-producing
(dukkha), and impersonal (anatta),
we are free of all suffering. This is
because there are no possessions or
“self ” to worry about.
This depersonalization is what
makes an individual completely
selfless. When this happens one can
even face death without anxiety. This
complete freedom from anxiety is the
aim of Buddhism.
37
THE 124 YEAR OLD
BUDDHIST MAHA VIHARA, BRICKFIELDS
The Buddhist Maha Vihara was founded in 1894 by the Sasana
Abhiwurdhi Wardhana Society (SAWS), the oldest registered
Buddhist Society in the Klang Valley.
From its very inception, the Vihara has been managed by the
Sinhala Buddhist community but always financially supported
by the Chinese and Indian communities. The first structure of
the Vihara was the Main Shrine room, completed in early 20th
Century. The donors for the Shrine Room, as recorded in the
Selangor Government Gazette 1896, pg. 408 are clearly Chinese
and Indian communities and among the main donors were:
Kapitan Yeap Quang Seng, Towkay Loke Yew, K. Tambusamy
Pillay, R. Doraisamy Pillay, Loke Chow Kit, San Peng and Son,
Lim Tua Taw, etc…
The Vihara was always the focal point to mobilize the Buddhist
community. The large gathering to protest and stop the screening
of the then controversial film “Light of Asia” in 1927 in Malaysia
was also held at the Vihara, and so was the mass gathering and
signature campaign in the 1950s to lobby the government to
declare Wesak as a national holiday.
During the Emergency period of 1948-1960, monks from the
Vihara made a massive impact reaching out to calm and educate
the psychologically disoriented Chinese New Villagers who were
evicted from their traditional lands and placed in new settlements
by the Government which was fighting a communist insurgency.
Since the 1940s, the Vihara commenced a free Dhamma
publications program as a Dhammadutta outreach to the
masses which by the year 2012 was made available in
28 languages, with millions of copies of books and CDs
38
produced. The Vihara’s Buddhist Institute Sunday Dhamma
School (BISDS), founded in 1929, is the oldest Sunday School
in the country with an enrolment of more than 1200 students and
continues to produce systematic books on Buddhist studies for
children.
The Wesak procession organized by the Vihara since the 1890s
is the oldest and largest religious procession in the country. The
3-day Wesak celebrations at the Vihara attracts about 100,000
people.
Many students or devotees who have studied and benefited from
the BISDS, the Vihara’s Free Publications, Dhamma programs,
classes, talks, etc have gone on to set up new Buddhist societies
and centers which help to spread Buddhism in the country far and
wide.
The SAWS is also one of the founding members of the Malaysian
Consultative Council for Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism,
Sikhism and Taoism (MCCBCHST) formed in 1983, a Council
which constructively engages the Government on matters affecting
non-Muslims in the country. The MCCBCHST Administrative
office is based at the Vihara.
In 2004, the Vihara was a major focal point in the country to
collect relief aid to assist the South Asian Tsunami that killed
almost 280,000 people. Several forty foot container equivalents of
relief aid were dispatched by the Vihara to Sri Lanka, Indonesia,
India, Myanmar and Thailand by air, sea and land.
Buddhists remain the country’s largest organ donors, thanks to
Cornea and Organ Donation Campaign carried out by the Vihara.
The Vihara continues to operate to deliver its obligation to
the Buddhist community till this day and is governed and
directed by its Vision, 4 Missions, 6 Strategic Objectives
39
and 4 Ennoblers in tribute and gratitude to all our past and current
Sangha, volunteers, donors, friends, etc. We would be failing in our
duty if we fail to mention the name of the foremost amongst them,
our late Venerable Chief, ie. Ven Dr Kirinde Sri Dhammananda.
Vision
To be a leading international center for the Learning, Practice and
Dissemination of the Buddha Dhamma
Mission
To provide a conducive environment to:
- promote scholarship and study of the Buddha Dhamma
- propagate the Buddha Dhamma
- be the focus of Buddhist activities for the larger community
- foster Theravada Buddhist cultural and traditional practices
Four Ennoblers:
1. Loving Kindness
2. Compassion
3. Altruistic Joy
4. Equanimity
Motto
Go forth, for the good, happiness and welfare of the many, out of
compassion for the world.
40
SERVICES AVAILABLE AT
BUDDHIST MAHA VIHARA
• Dana for Monks (at Vihara or Home) and Bana (Sermons)
• Blessing Services / Funeral Services by Monks
• Booking of Facilities for religious functions / events
• Marriage Registration
• Full Moon / New Moon Day Puja & Free Vegetarian Lunch
• Sunday Dhamma Classes for Children & Adults
• Buddhist & Pali University Diploma, Degree & Masters Program
• K Sri Dhammananda Library
• Bookshop
DAILY ACTIVITIES
Monday to Sunday 6.30am - 7.30am Morning Buddha Puja
11.30pm - 12.00 noon Noon Buddha Puja
7.30pm - 8.30pm Evening Buddha Puja
WEEKLY ACTIVITIES
Mon, Wed, Thurs 8.00pm - 10.00pm Meditation Class
Tuesday 8.30pm - 10.00pm BMV Choir Practise
Thursday 7.30pm - 9.00pm Senior Club Yoga Practise
Friday 1.00pm - 2.00pm Afternoon Puja & Talk
8.00pm - 9.30pm Dhamma Talk
Saturday 7.30pm - 8.30pm Bojjhanga Puja
9.30am - 11.30am Sanskrit Class
Sunday 8.30am - 9.30am Morning Puja
9.30am - 11.00am Abhidhamma Class
9.30am - 12.00 noon Sunday School Session
10.00am - 11.30am Dhamma Talk
10.00am - 2.00pm Traditional Chinese Medicine
(1 and 3 Sun of the month. Please note there will be
st rd
41
Locaion Map To Buddhis Maha Vihara
42
DONATION FORM
Name :
Address :
Amount : RM
43
44
The Buddha taught children too !
7 year old Rahula, Sopaka, Sona, etc.
佛陀也教导小孩!
七岁的罗睺罗,苏巴卡,输那,等等。
RM 20 for
text & exercise book
45
Note :
46
Note :
47
Note :
48
Sabbadānam Dhammadānam Jināti
The Gift of Dhamma Excels all Gifts
In Memory Of
XXXX
Donated By
XXXXX
Deeply missed and forever cherished
May he rejoice in this meritorious deed
and be peaceful and happy.
We also wish to share the merits with
our departed relatives, friends
and sentient beings.
May they all attain the
Bliss of Nibbana
(2000 copies)