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Bab1 Hydraulics-and-Pneumatics
Bab1 Hydraulics-and-Pneumatics
pneumn
can
3
Usually from outside supplier
Energy source Electric motor or diesel
Electric
drivenmotor or diesel driven
Limited (batteries) Limited (accumulator)Good (reservoir)
Excellent, with minimal loss Limited, basically a local
Good,
facility
can be treated as a plant wide service
Lowest
Energy storage Distribution system Medium Highest
AC and DC motors. Good control on DCLowmotors.
speed. Good control.
WideCanspeedbe range.
stalled Accurate speed control difficult
AC motors cheap
Energy cost Rotary actuators Cylinders. Medium force
Short motion via solenoid. Otherwise via mechanical conversion
Possible with solenoid and DC motors
Complicated by need for cooling
Linear actuator
Danger from electric shock
Grams 1 × 10−3
Yards 0.9144
Feet 0.3048
force
mass
g
Ton f (ton weight) 9964
kp 9.807
A
3
equivalent
wg water gauge
bar.
gauge pressure,
absolute pressure
Kilopascal (kPa) 103 Practical unit
N m−2 1
kg f m−2 9.807
lb f ft−2 47.88
Watts 10−3
Horse power (HP) 0.7457 1 HP = 745.7 watts
ft lb f 1.356
ft poundal 0.0421
Pascal’s law,
kg f m lb ft 9.807
lb in 1.356
oz in 0.1129
7.062 × 10−3
0
mechanical advantage
0
0
−3
3
Volumetric flow is
SI unit: cubic meters per sec, m3 s−1. This is a rather impractical unit
laminarstreamline
Reynolds number, R
<
>
,
0
Freezing point 32 0
T T
V V
T T