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Constraint Motion
Constraint Motion
MOTION,
TION,
N.L.M., FRICTION
THEORY AND EXERCISE BOOKLET
CONTENTS
CONSTRAINED MOTION
394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www. motioniitjee.com, [email protected]
Page # 2 CONSTRAINED MOTION
FRICTION
1. Friction ................................................................................... 37 – 40
2. Minimum Force Required to move the particle .................................. 40 – 41
3. Friction as the component of contact force .................................... 41 – 42
4. Motion on a Rough Inclined Plane .................................................. 42 – 43
5. Angle of Repose ............................................................................... 43
6. Two blocks on an inclined Plane .................................................... 44 – 45
7. Range of force for which Acceleration of body is zero ....................... 45 – 48
8. Pulley block system involve friction ............................................... 48 – 49
9. Two block system ...................................................................... 49 – 53
10. Friction involve pseudo concept ................................................... 54 – 55
11. Exercise - I .............................................................................. 56 – 87
12. Exercise - II ............................................................................. 88 – 96
13. Exercise - III .......................................................................... 97 – 106
14. Exercise - IV ......................................................................... 107 – 111
15. Exercise - V .......................................................................... 112 – 117
16. Answer key ........................................................................... 118 – 120
IIT-JEE Syllabus :
394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www.motioniitjee.com, [email protected]
CONSTRAINED MOTION Page # 3
1. CONSTRAINED MOTION :
A s B v
The block B moves with velocity v. i.e. each particle of block B moves with velocity v.
If string remain attached to block B it is necessary that velocity of each particle of string is same = v
(vs = v)
Now we can say that Block A also moves with velocity v.
v v
A B
vA = vB = v
: If pulley is fixed then the velocity of all the particles of string is same along the string.
v
B
Ex.1
A vA =?
Sol. In the above situation block B is moving with velocity v. Then speed of each point of the string is v
along the string.
∴ speed of the block A is also v
v
B
A vA=v
Ex.2
A
VA = 8 m/s
37°
vB=? B
A
Sol. ∵ Block A is moving with velocity 8 ms–1. 8 m/s
∴ velocity of every point on the string must be 8m/s along the string. 8 m/s
The real velocity of B is vB. Then the string will not break only 8 m/s
when the compoent of vB along string is 8 m/s.
37°
8 vB B
⇒ vB cos 37° = 8 ⇒ vB = = 10 m/sec
cos 37°
394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www.motioniitjee.com, [email protected]
Page # 4 CONSTRAINED MOTION
Ex.3 Find out the velocity of block B in a pulley block system as shown in figure.
53° 37°
10 m/s A B
Sol. In a given pulley block system the velocity of all the particle of string is let us assume v then.
v v
53° 37°
10m/s A B
53°
10cos53°
10 m/s is the real velocity of block A then its component along string is v.
⇒ 10 cos 53° = v ...(1)
v
If vB is the real velocity of block B then it component along string is v then
37°
vBcos37° = v ...(2)
vB B
from (1) & (2) vB cos37° = 10 cos53°
10 × 3 / 5 30 15
⇒ vB = = = m / sec
4/5 4 2
50/3 m/s
53°
Ex.4
: In the first format only two points of string are attached or touched to moving bodies.
394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www.motioniitjee.com, [email protected]
CONSTRAINED MOTION Page # 5
IInd format (when pulley is also moving)
(–ve sign indicate the direction of each block is opposite with respect to Pulley)
vA – vp = – vB + vP
v A + vB
⇒ vP =
2
:- To solve the problem put the values of vA, vB, & vP with sign.
10 m/s
vP
Ex.5
A v=?
A
v A + vB
Sol. vP =
2
Putting vp = 10 ms–1, vB = 0,
we get
vA = 20 ms–1 (upward direction)
vP= 10m/s
Ex.6
5m/s
A B v=?
B
394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www.motioniitjee.com, [email protected]
Page # 6 CONSTRAINED MOTION
7 m/s
E F
8m/s
Ex.7
2m/s A B C D
5m/s
B C
E
Ex.8 G
m
A H F
10 m/sec
: In IInd format three or four Points of the string is attached to the moving bodies.
394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www.motioniitjee.com, [email protected]
CONSTRAINED MOTION Page # 7
III format :
SOLVING STRATEGY :
1. First choose the longest string in the given problem which contains the point of which velocity/
acceleration to be find out.
2. Now mark a point on the string wherever it comes in contact or leaves the contact of real bodies.
3. If due to motion of a point, length of the part of a string with point is related, increases then its speed
will be taken +ve otherwise –ve.
A
D E H I
J
C vC=?
Ex.9 B C F G
5m/s
A B 2m/s
Sol.
Step 1. We choose a longest string ABCDEFGHIJ in which we have to find out velocity of point J (vc)
Step 2. Mark all the point A, B ................
Step 3. Write equation
vA + vB + vC + vD + vE + vF + vG + vH + vI + vJ = 0
vA = vD = vE = vH = vI = 0
(No movement of that point because attached to fixed objects)
⇒ vB + vc + vF + vG + vJ = 0 ...(1)
vB = vC = 5 m/s (increases the length)
vF = vG = 2m/s (It also increases the length)
Let us assume C is moving upward with velocity vc so vc negative because it decreasing the length
⇒ 5 + 5 + 2 + 2 – vc = 0
vC = 14 m/sec (upward)
Ex.10
4m/s
F
c ↑ 2m / sec
E
8m / s↑ A B ↓ 2m / s
1 m / s↓ D
Find out the velocity of block E as shown in figure.
394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www.motioniitjee.com, [email protected]
Page # 8 CONSTRAINED MOTION
Sol.
Step-1 We first choose the longest string in which point j (block E) lie. (abcdefghij)
4m/s
c d F
b e
x
a h y i
c ↑ 2m / s
k
j
f g E
8m / s ↑ A B ↓ 2m / s
1m / s ↓ D z
Step 2 : Now write equation according to the velocity of each point (either increase or decrease the length)
va + vb + vc + vd + ve + vf + vg + vh + vi + vj= 0 ...(1)
Now find value of va, vb ..... in a following way
v A + vB
vk = (from second format)
2
8–2
= = 3 m/sec. (upward)
2
vK + v C
va = (from 2nd format)
2
3+2
= = 5/2 m/sec. (upward)
2
vx = 4m/s (from first format of constrain)
vy + vz
from 2nd format of constrain vx = ∴ vz = 0 (fixed)
2
⇒ vy = 2 vx = 8 m/s (upward)
⇒ Now va = – 5/2 m/s (decreases the length)
vb = vc = vd = ve = 0 (attached to fixed object)
vf = vg = 1m/s (increases the length)
vh = vi = vy = 8 m/s (increase the length)
Let us assume block E move upward then vj = – vE (decrease the length)
Puting the above values in eq. (1)
⇒ –5/2 + 1 + 1 + 8 + 8 – vE = 0
vE = 31/2 m/s (upward)
: In the following figure pulley is moving with velocity v at an angle θ with the horizontal.
v sin θ
v
v
A B A
θ B
θ
C C v cos θ
D D
Only v cos θ is responsible to increase or decrease the length AB and v sin θ is responsible to either
decrease or increase the length CD.
* Further solving strategy is same as 3rd format
394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www.motioniitjee.com, [email protected]
CONSTRAINED MOTION Page # 9
Ex.11 Find out the relation between acceleration a and b as shown in following figure.
b
A a
B
θ
Sol.
Step 1. Mark the points on the string which is attached to the real object (e.f,g,h)
b cos θ
f b f
e
g
b θ g
bc
h
b
os
A a
θ
B θ h
θ b
a
Step 2. Acceleration of each point which are responsible to effect the length of string
ae = 0 (because it is attached to fixed object)
af = –b (attach to pulley which is moving with wedge's acceleration & –ve because it decreases the
length)
ag = b cos θ (only this component is responsible to effect the length of string)
ah = (a – b cos θ) (resultant velocity at point h along the string)
So now from 3rd format
ae + af + ag + ah = 0
⇒ 0 + (–b) + b cos θ + (a – b cos θ) = 0
a–b=0
⇒ a=b
2. WEDGE CONSTRAINT :
Conditions :
(i) Contact must not be lost between two bodies.
(ii) Bodies are rigid.
The relative velocity / acceleration perpendicular to the contact surface of the two rigid object is
always zero. Wedge constraint is applicable for each contact.
v3
v1
v3 v 1 sin θ
v2
θ
Contact
Plane
v 3 = v1 sin θ
In other words,
Components of velocity and acceleration perpendicular to the contact surface of the two objects is
always equal if there is no deformation and they remain in contact.
394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www.motioniitjee.com, [email protected]
Page # 10 CONSTRAINED MOTION
Ex.12 Find the relation between velocity of rod and that of the wedge at any instant in the figure
shown.
v
θ u
394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www.motioniitjee.com, [email protected]