CONSTRAINED MOTION

MOTION,
TION,
N.L.M., FRICTION
THEORY AND EXERCISE BOOKLET

CONTENTS

S.NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.

CONSTRAINED MOTION

1. String Constraint ............................................................................. 3 – 9

2. Wedge Constraint ........................................................................... 9 – 10

NEWTON'S LAW OF MOTION

1. Force ....................................................................................... 11– 15

2. Newton's Ist Law of Motion ................................................................ 16

3. Newton's 2nd Law of Motion ........................................................ 16 – 25

4. Newton's 3rd Law of Motion ......................................................... 25 – 27

5. Spring Force ............................................................................. 27 – 32

6. Pseudo Force ........................................................................... 32 – 36

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Page # 2 CONSTRAINED MOTION

FRICTION

S.NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.

1. Friction ................................................................................... 37 – 40
2. Minimum Force Required to move the particle .................................. 40 – 41
3. Friction as the component of contact force .................................... 41 – 42
4. Motion on a Rough Inclined Plane .................................................. 42 – 43
5. Angle of Repose ............................................................................... 43
6. Two blocks on an inclined Plane .................................................... 44 – 45
7. Range of force for which Acceleration of body is zero ....................... 45 – 48
8. Pulley block system involve friction ............................................... 48 – 49
9. Two block system ...................................................................... 49 – 53
10. Friction involve pseudo concept ................................................... 54 – 55
11. Exercise - I .............................................................................. 56 – 87
12. Exercise - II ............................................................................. 88 – 96
13. Exercise - III .......................................................................... 97 – 106
14. Exercise - IV ......................................................................... 107 – 111
15. Exercise - V .......................................................................... 112 – 117
16. Answer key ........................................................................... 118 – 120

IIT-JEE Syllabus :

Newton's law of motion; inertial frame of reference; Uniformly accelerated frames of

reference, Static and dynamic friction.

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www.motioniitjee.com, [email protected]
 CONSTRAINED MOTION Page # 3

1. CONSTRAINED MOTION :

1.1 String constraint :

When the two object are connected through a string and if the string have the following properties :
• The length of the string remains constant i.e., it is inextensible string
• Always remains taut i.e., does not slacks.
Then the parameters of the motion of the objects along the length of the string have a definite relation
between them.
Ist format : - (when string is fixed)

A s B v

The block B moves with velocity v. i.e. each particle of block B moves with velocity v.
If string remain attached to block B it is necessary that velocity of each particle of string is same = v
(vs = v)
Now we can say that Block A also moves with velocity v.
v v
A B

vA = vB = v

: If pulley is fixed then the velocity of all the particles of string is same along the string.

v
B

Ex.1
A vA =?

Sol. In the above situation block B is moving with velocity v. Then speed of each point of the string is v
along the string.
∴ speed of the block A is also v
v
B

A vA=v

Ex.2

A
VA = 8 m/s

37°
vB=? B
A
Sol. ∵ Block A is moving with velocity 8 ms–1. 8 m/s
∴ velocity of every point on the string must be 8m/s along the string. 8 m/s
The real velocity of B is vB. Then the string will not break only 8 m/s
when the compoent of vB along string is 8 m/s.
37°
8 vB B
⇒ vB cos 37° = 8 ⇒ vB = = 10 m/sec
cos 37°

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 Page # 4 CONSTRAINED MOTION
Ex.3 Find out the velocity of block B in a pulley block system as shown in figure.

53° 37°
10 m/s A B

Sol. In a given pulley block system the velocity of all the particle of string is let us assume v then.

v v
53° 37°
10m/s A B
53°
10cos53°
10 m/s is the real velocity of block A then its component along string is v.
⇒ 10 cos 53° = v ...(1)
v
If vB is the real velocity of block B then it component along string is v then
37°
vBcos37° = v ...(2)
vB B
from (1) & (2) vB cos37° = 10 cos53°
10 × 3 / 5 30 15
⇒ vB = = = m / sec
4/5 4 2

50/3 m/s

53°

Ex.4

What is the velocity of block A in the figure as shown above.

Sol. The component of velocity of ring along string = velocity of A
50
= cos 53° = vA ⇒ vA = 10 m/s
3

: In the first format only two points of string are attached or touched to moving bodies.

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 CONSTRAINED MOTION Page # 5
IInd format (when pulley is also moving)

To understand this format we consider the following example vP

in which pulley is moving with velocity vp and both block
have velocity vA & vB respectively as shwon in figure.
If we observe the motion of A and B with respect to pulley.
Then the pulley is at rest. Then from first format.
vA vB
vAP = – vBP
A B

(–ve sign indicate the direction of each block is opposite with respect to Pulley)
vA – vp = – vB + vP
v A + vB
⇒ vP =
2

:- To solve the problem put the values of vA, vB, & vP with sign.

10 m/s
vP

Ex.5

A v=?
A

v A + vB
Sol. vP =
2
Putting vp = 10 ms–1, vB = 0,
we get
vA = 20 ms–1 (upward direction)

vP= 10m/s

Ex.6

5m/s
A B v=?
B

Sol. If we take upward direction as +ve then

–5 + vB
10 =
2
vB = 25 m/sec (in upward direction)

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 Page # 6 CONSTRAINED MOTION

7 m/s

E F

8m/s
Ex.7
2m/s A B C D
5m/s

Find out the velocity of Block D

Sol. From 2nd format of constrained motion
v A + vB
vE =
2
2–5
vE = = –3/2 (If upward direction is taken to be +ve)
2
vE = –3/2 m/s
vE + vF –3 / 2 + vF 31
Now = 7 m/s ⇒ 7 = ⇒ 14 + 3/2 = vF ⇒ vF =
2 2 2
v C + vD 8 + vD 31
Now = vF ⇒ = ⇒ vD = 31 – 8
2 2 2
vD = 23 m/s (upward direction)

B C

E
Ex.8 G
m
A H F

10 m/sec

Find the velocity of point G.

Sol. In string ABCD from first format of constrain
VD = 10 m/s↑
vH + vE
Now vD =
2
vH = 10 m/s ↓ if upward direction is taken to be positive
−10 + v E
+ 10 = ⇒ vE = 30 m/s ↑
2
vF + v G –10 + v G
Now = vE ⇒ 30 =
2 2
60 + 10 = vG
vG = 70 m/s↑

: In IInd format three or four Points of the string is attached to the moving bodies.

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 CONSTRAINED MOTION Page # 7
III format :

SOLVING STRATEGY :
1. First choose the longest string in the given problem which contains the point of which velocity/
acceleration to be find out.

2. Now mark a point on the string wherever it comes in contact or leaves the contact of real bodies.

3. If due to motion of a point, length of the part of a string with point is related, increases then its speed
will be taken +ve otherwise –ve.

A
D E H I

J
C vC=?
Ex.9 B C F G
5m/s
A B 2m/s

Sol.
Step 1. We choose a longest string ABCDEFGHIJ in which we have to find out velocity of point J (vc)
Step 2. Mark all the point A, B ................
Step 3. Write equation
vA + vB + vC + vD + vE + vF + vG + vH + vI + vJ = 0
vA = vD = vE = vH = vI = 0
(No movement of that point because attached to fixed objects)
⇒ vB + vc + vF + vG + vJ = 0 ...(1)
vB = vC = 5 m/s (increases the length)
vF = vG = 2m/s (It also increases the length)
Let us assume C is moving upward with velocity vc so vc negative because it decreasing the length
⇒ 5 + 5 + 2 + 2 – vc = 0
vC = 14 m/sec (upward)

Ex.10
4m/s
F

c ↑ 2m / sec

E
8m / s↑ A B ↓ 2m / s
1 m / s↓ D
Find out the velocity of block E as shown in figure.

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 Page # 8 CONSTRAINED MOTION
Sol.
Step-1 We first choose the longest string in which point j (block E) lie. (abcdefghij)
4m/s
c d F
b e
x
a h y i
c ↑ 2m / s
k
j
f g E
8m / s ↑ A B ↓ 2m / s
1m / s ↓ D z
Step 2 : Now write equation according to the velocity of each point (either increase or decrease the length)
va + vb + vc + vd + ve + vf + vg + vh + vi + vj= 0 ...(1)
Now find value of va, vb ..... in a following way
v A + vB
vk = (from second format)
2
8–2
= = 3 m/sec. (upward)
2
vK + v C
va = (from 2nd format)
2
3+2
= = 5/2 m/sec. (upward)
2
vx = 4m/s (from first format of constrain)
vy + vz
from 2nd format of constrain vx = ∴ vz = 0 (fixed)
2
⇒ vy = 2 vx = 8 m/s (upward)
⇒ Now va = – 5/2 m/s (decreases the length)
vb = vc = vd = ve = 0 (attached to fixed object)
vf = vg = 1m/s (increases the length)
vh = vi = vy = 8 m/s (increase the length)
Let us assume block E move upward then vj = – vE (decrease the length)
Puting the above values in eq. (1)
⇒ –5/2 + 1 + 1 + 8 + 8 – vE = 0
vE = 31/2 m/s (upward)

: In the following figure pulley is moving with velocity v at an angle θ with the horizontal.

v sin θ
v
v
A B A
θ B
θ
C C v cos θ

D D
Only v cos θ is responsible to increase or decrease the length AB and v sin θ is responsible to either
decrease or increase the length CD.
* Further solving strategy is same as 3rd format

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
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 CONSTRAINED MOTION Page # 9
Ex.11 Find out the relation between acceleration a and b as shown in following figure.

b
A a
B
θ

Sol.
Step 1. Mark the points on the string which is attached to the real object (e.f,g,h)

b cos θ
f b f
e
g
b θ g

bc
h
b

os
A a

θ
B θ h
θ b
a
Step 2. Acceleration of each point which are responsible to effect the length of string
ae = 0 (because it is attached to fixed object)
af = –b (attach to pulley which is moving with wedge's acceleration & –ve because it decreases the
length)
ag = b cos θ (only this component is responsible to effect the length of string)
ah = (a – b cos θ) (resultant velocity at point h along the string)
So now from 3rd format
ae + af + ag + ah = 0
⇒ 0 + (–b) + b cos θ + (a – b cos θ) = 0
a–b=0
⇒ a=b

2. WEDGE CONSTRAINT :

Conditions :
(i) Contact must not be lost between two bodies.
(ii) Bodies are rigid.
The relative velocity / acceleration perpendicular to the contact surface of the two rigid object is
always zero. Wedge constraint is applicable for each contact.

v3

v1
v3 v 1 sin θ
v2
θ
Contact
Plane
v 3 = v1 sin θ
In other words,
Components of velocity and acceleration perpendicular to the contact surface of the two objects is
always equal if there is no deformation and they remain in contact.

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 Page # 10 CONSTRAINED MOTION
Ex.12 Find the relation between velocity of rod and that of the wedge at any instant in the figure
shown.

v
θ u

Sol. Using wedge constraint.

Component of velocity of rod along perpendicular to inclined surface is equal to velocity of wedge
along that direction.
u cos θ = v sin θ
u
= tan θ
v
u = v tan θ

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