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  • 5 - Memory Management: (5) What Is Paging? Explain The Conversion of Virtual Address in Paging With Example

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    Sathwika Kistipati
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    This document discusses memory management and paging. It describes how virtual memory divides a program's address space into pages that are mapped to physical memory frames. The operating system uses a page table to track which pages are currently in memory and maps virtual addresses to physical addresses by using the page number as an index into the page table to find the corresponding physical frame number.

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    PAGING

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    This document discusses memory management and paging. It describes how virtual memory divides a program's address space into pages that are mapped to physical memory frames. The operating system uses a page table to track which pages are currently in memory and maps virtual addresses to physical addresses by using the page number as an index into the page table to find the corresponding physical frame number.

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    5 - Memory Management: (5) What Is Paging? Explain The Conversion of Virtual Address in Paging With Example

    Uploaded by

    Sathwika Kistipati
    This document discusses memory management and paging. It describes how virtual memory divides a program's address space into pages that are mapped to physical memory frames. The operating system uses a page table to track which pages are currently in memory and maps virtual addresses to physical addresses by using the page number as an index into the page table to find the corresponding physical frame number.

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    of 3

    5 – Memory Management

     The basic idea behind virtual memory is that each program has its own address
    space, which is broken up into pages.
     Each page is a contiguous range of addresses.
     These pages are mapped onto the physical memory but, to run the program, all
    pages are not required to be present in the physical memory.
     The operating system keeps those parts of the program currently in use in main
    memory, and the rest on the disk.
     Virtual memory works fine in a multiprogramming system, with bits and pieces of
    many programs in memory at once.
     While a program is waiting for part of itself to be brought in, it is waiting for I/O and
    cannot run, so the CPU can be given to another process.
     In a system using virtual memory, the physical memory is divided into page frames
    and the virtual address space is divided in into equally-sized partitions called pages.

    (5) What is paging? Explain the conversion of virtual address in paging with example.
    Paging
     The program generated address is called as Virtual Addresses and form the Virtual
    Address Space.
     Most virtual memory systems use a technique called paging.
     Virtual address space is divided into fixed-size partitions called pages.
     The corresponding units in the physical memory are called as page frames.
     The pages and page frames are always of the same size.
     Size of Virtual Address Space is greater than that of Main memory, so instead of
    loading entire address space in to memory to run the process, MMU copies only
    required pages into main memory.
     In order to keep the track of pages and page frames, OS maintains a data structure
    called page table.
    The conversion of virtual address to physical address
     When virtual memory is used, the virtual address is presented to an MMU (Memory
    Management Unit) that maps the virtual addresses onto the physical memory
    addresses.
     A very simple example of how this mapping works is shown in Fig. 5-6.
     In this example, we have a computer generated 16-bit addresses, from 0 up to 64K.
    These are the virtual addresses.

    Gopi Sanghani, CE Department | 2140702 – Operating System (2015-16) 7


    5 – Memory Management
     However, only 32 KB of physical memory is available, so although 64-KB programs
    can be written, they cannot be loaded in to memory in their entirety and run.
     A complete copy of a program’s core image, up to 64 KB, must be present on the
    disk. Only required pages are loaded in the physical memory.

    Figure 5-5. The relation between virtual addresses and physical memory addresses is
    given by the page table.

     With 64 KB of virtual address space and 32 KB of physical memory, we get 16 virtual


    pages and 8 page frames.
     Transfers between RAM and disk are always in units of a page.
     The virtual address is split into a virtual page number (high order bits) and an offset
    (low-order bits).
     With a 16-bit address and a 4 - KB page size, the upper 4 bits could specify one of
    the 16 virtual pages and the lower 12 bits would then specify the byte offset (0 to
    4095) within the selected page.
     The virtual page number is used as an index into the Page table.
     If the present/absent bit is 0, it is page-fault; a trap to the operating system is
    caused to bring required page into main memory.
     If the present/absent bit is 1, required page is there with main memory and page

    Gopi Sanghani, CE Department | 2140702 – Operating System (2015-16) 8


    5 – Memory Management
    frame number found in the page table is copied to the higher order bit of the output
    register along with the offset.
     Together Page frame number and offset creates physical address.
    Physical Address = Page frame Number + offset of virtual address.

    Figure 5-6. The internal operation of the MMU with 16 4-KB pages.

    (6) Explain page table in brief. OR


    Explain Structure of Page Table.
    Page Table
     Page table is a data structure which translates virtual address into equivalent
    physical address.
     The virtual page number is used as an index into the Page table to find the entry for
    that virtual page and from the Page table physical page frame number is found.
     Thus the purpose of page table is to map virtual pages onto page frames.
     Typical fields of page table are Page frame number, Present / absent bit, Protection
    Gopi Sanghani, CE Department | 2140702 – Operating System (2015-16) 9

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