Integrating Educational Technology Into Teaching: Transforming Learning Across Disciplines

Integrating Educational Technology Into
Teaching: Transforming Learning Across

Disciplines
Eighth Edition
Chapter 1
Educational Technology in
Context: The Big Picture
Copyright © 2019, 2016, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Learning Objectives (1 of 2)
1.1 Analyze how (a) historical perspectives on educational

technology, (b) current definitions for educational
technology and integrating educational technology, and (c)
educational technology resources in schools shape
opportunities for integrating educational technology in
classrooms. (ISTE Standards for Educators: 1—Learner;
5—Designer)
1.2 Describe how the history of digital technology shapes
opportunities for integrating educational technology in
classrooms. (ISTE Standards for Educators: 1—Learner;
5—Designer)
Learning Objectives (2 of 2)
1.3 Understand technology literacy and other 21st-century
learning standards that teachers implement for student learning
and growth. (ISTE Standards for Educators: 1—Learner; 5—
Designer; 6—Facilitator)
1.4 Articulate the impact of educational, political, technical,
societal, equity/cultural, and legal/ethical conditions on current
uses of technology in education. (ISTE Standards for Educators:
2—Leader; 3—Citizen; 4—Collaborator; 5—Designer)
1.5 Characterize trends in emerging technologies and describe
how they shape teaching and learning. (ISTE Standards for
Educators: 1—Learner; 2—Leader; 5—Designer)
Technology Integration in Action: Then
and Now
• Ms. Thomas - Then (1981-1982)
– Computer-assisted instruction
– MECC Oregon Trail software
– Logo computer programming
• Ms. Thomas - Now (2018+)

– Interactive whiteboards
– One-to-one computing
– Makerspaces
– Social networking sites
– Graphing calculators
– Virtual fieldtrips
• “Ms. Thomas is looking forward to the future”
The “Big Picture” on Technology in
Education
Why We Need the “Big Picture”
• Learn key terminology

• Reflect on the past to shape the future
• Consider currently available resources and how to use
them
• Look ahead to emerging trends
Perspectives That Define Educational
Technology
• Perspective 1: Educational Technology as

Communications Media
• Perspective 2: Educational Technology as Instructional
Systems and Instructional Design
• Perspective 3: Educational Technology Vocational
Training
• Perspective 4: Educational Technology as Computer
Systems (a.k.a. Educational and Instructional Computing)
• Perspective 5: Educational Technology as Learning
Sciences
Components of Integrating Educational
Technology
• Educational processes
– Learning theories
– Pedagogical or instructional practices
– Curriculum standards or content knowledge
• Technology resources
– Technology tools (media, software, hardware)
– Technology support
– Technology expertise
• Educational technology
– Resources leveraged to support educational processes
Definition of Integrating Educational
Technology
• Integrating Educational Technology

– Identifying problems of practice (POPs)
– Identifying technological resources as possible
solutions
– Using the resources as educational technology in
learning environments
– Assessing if the educational technology solves the
POP in ways that replace, amplify, or transform
teaching and learning
Technology Resources (1 of 2)
• Hardware in Schools
– Network (wireless or hardwired)
– Computers (desktop, laptop)
– Handheld technologies (mobile phones, tablets, e-book
readers, calculators)
– Display technologies (projector, interactive whiteboard)
– Imaging technologies (cameras, scanners, head-mounted
displays)
– Peripherals (keyboard, mouse, microphone)
– External storage (hard drive, storage media)
Technology Resources (2 of 2)
• Software Applications in Schools
– Productivity
– Instructional
– Administrative
• Technology Support and Expertise
– Technology specialists
– Leaders
– Parents and students
– Technology policies
– Technology procedures
Educational Technology: How the Past
Shapes the Present and Future
History of Digital Technologies: Five Eras
• Era 1: The Mainframe Computer Era (1950s ‒ 1970s)

• Era 2: The Microcomputer Era (1970s ‒ 1990s)
• Era 3: The Internet Era (1990s)
• Era 4: The Mobile Technologies, Social Media, and Open
Access Era (2000s - current)
• Era 5: The Personalized, Adaptive Learning Era (2010 ‒
current)
What We Have Learned from the Past
• Technology is no panacea for education

• Teachers usually are not technology developers
• “Technically possible” does not equal “desirable, feasible,
or inevitable”
• Technologies change faster than teachers can keep up
• Older technologies can be useful
• Teachers are more important than technology
Today’s Educational Technology
Standards and Teaching Competencies
Content and Technology Standards (1 of 2)
• The Common Core State Standards (CCSS)
• Content Standards
– National Standards for Physical Education Next Generation
Science Standards
– National Curriculum Standards for Social Studies
– Standards for the English language arts by National Council of
Teachers of English and the International Literacy Association
– Principles and Standards for School Mathematics by the
National Council of Teachers of Mathematics
– National Standards for Art Education
– National Standards for Learning Languages
– SHAPE America’s
Content and Technology Standards (2 of 2)
• ISTE Standards for Students and Educators

• Partnership for 21st Century Learning (P21)
Framework
• The Information and Communication Technology
(ICT) Competency Framework
• The Technological Pedagogical Content
Knowledge (TPACK/TPCK) Framework
Today’s Essential Conditions That
Shape Technology Integration
Educational Conditions
• Technology Leadership and Vision

• Digital Literacy and Digital Citizenship
• Optimal Technology-Based Pedagogy
• Online Learning Opportunities
Political Conditions
• Visionary Technology Policies

• Teacher and Student Accountability for Quality and
Progress
• (In)Consistent and (In)Adequate Technology Funding
Technical Conditions
• Technology Infrastructure
• Technology Support
• Malware, Viruses, Spam, and Hacking
Social Conditions
• Protecting Personal Privacy

• Health
• Multitasking
• Online Behavior
• Community Engagement
Equitable and Cultural Conditions
• Digital Equity
• Racial and Gender Equity
• Equity for Students with Special Needs
Legal and Ethical Conditions
• Academic Honesty
• Student Privacy
• Safety
• Responsible Use
• Illegal Activity
Emerging Trends in Technological
Resources
Trends in Hardware and Software
Innovation
• Trend 1: Increased E-Book and E-Text Presence

• Trend 2: Increased Sources of Open Content
• Trend 3: Ubiquitous Mobile Computing
• Trend 4: Robotics
• Trend 5: Learning Analytics
• Trend 6: Augmented Reality Systems
• Trend 7: Wearable Technologies
• Trend 8: Gesture-Based Computing
Educational Trends Leveraging Technology
Innovations
• Trend 1: Makerspaces
• Trend 2: Computational Thinking
• Trend 3: Online Learning
• Trend 4: Massive Open Online Courses
• Trend 5: Immersive Physical and Virtual Environments
• Trend 6: Games and Gamification
• Trend 7: Personalized Learning
• Trend 8: Educational Options for Students with Learning
Needs
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Integrating Educational Technology Into

Teaching: Transforming Learning Across

1.1 Analyze how (a) historical perspectives on educational

• Ms. Thomas - Now (2018+)

• “Ms. Thomas is looking forward to the future”

• Learn key terminology

• Perspective 1: Educational Technology as

• Integrating Educational Technology

• Era 1: The Mainframe Computer Era (1950s ‒ 1970s)

• Technology is no panacea for education

• ISTE Standards for Students and Educators

• Technology Leadership and Vision

• Visionary Technology Policies

• Protecting Personal Privacy

• Trend 1: Increased E-Book and E-Text Presence

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