Umushinga W'ubworozi Bw'ingurube Bwa Kijyambere
Umushinga W'ubworozi Bw'ingurube Bwa Kijyambere
KIJYAMBERE
Abo Umushinga uzagirira akamaro : Nyir’umushinga ubwe n’abe ba hafi .
Abaturage b’Intara ya Byumba n’ab’Igihugu cyose.
Adresse :
Umuvugizi wawo n’icyo ashinzwe:
Ubwoko bw’umushinga: Gahunda yo gutera inkunga ibikorwa by’ishoramari mu byaro (RIF)
Aho ibikorwa by’umushinga bibarizwa :
Akagari :
Umurenge :
Akarere :
Intara ya Byumba
Umubare w’abo umushinga uzagirira akamaro n’ibyiciro byabo :
Icyiciro cyo korora neza ingurube zo kubaga : kizorora ingurube kizigaburira neza,
kugira ngo zibe zibyibushye bihagije , ku buryo zabagwa .
Umushinga uzakoresha uburyo bwo kororera amatungo menshi ahantu hato (élevage
intensif, ukoresheje ubwoko bw’amatungo butanga umusaruro ushimishije, -aha ni
LARGE WHITE--, akagaburirwa neza ibiryo bihagije ku rugero , kandi bifite ibya
ngombwa byose, zororewe ahantu hakwiye kandi hagenzurwa bihagije ; Umushinga
ugacungwa neza ku buryo uzatanga umusaruro mwiza ku mpande ebyiri : utugurube duto
tw’inyagazi dutangwaho icyororo, n’ingurube zibyibushye zo kubagwa.
Hari ingorabahizi ubusanzwe zibangamira iterambere ry’ubworozi bw’u Rwanda muri
rusange, n’ubw’ingurube ku buryo bw’umwihariko. Ni eshanu: izerekeranye n’ibiryo
by’amatungo, isuku n’indwara, ubwoko bw’amatungo, izijyanye no kongerera agaciro
amatungo no kuyabyaza umusaruro
Kugira ngo umushinga ushobore kugira icyo ugeraho kigaragara, uzagomba guhangana no
kwigizayo izo ngorabahizi zose. Uzabishobora kandi, kubera ko ubifitiye ingamba , cyane
cyane ko nyira wo abifitemo uburambe bihagije, kandi akaba azitabaza n’impuguke
zizewe.
Igice kimwe cyayo kizaturuka kuri nyir’umushinga ubwe, iindi gitangwe na Banki
y’ubucuruzi yo mu gihugu, giherekejwe n’inkunga y’umushinga RSSP inyujijwe kuri
gahunda yayo yo gushyigikira ibikorwa by’ishoramari mu byaro RIF).
6.000.000 Frw zizaturuka kuri Banki, ari inguzanyo izishyurwa mu myaka itanu, asigaye
4.000.000 Frw, ni ukvuga 32% by’amafaranga azaturuka hanze y’umushinga, atangwe na
RSSP ibinyujije kuri gahunda yayo yo gushyigikira ishoramari ryo mu byaro (RIF) ; aya yo
azaba ari inkunga itishyurwa.
Nta shiti ko umushinga uzunguka, kuko, mu mwaka wawo wa mbere ubwawo, uzaba ufite
Inyungu ivangiye (marge brute) , mbere yo kwishyura imisoro, ingana na 8.422.000 Frw,
kandi ifite ikigereranyo cyo kwunguka (Ikigereranyo cy’uburyo umushinga uzabyara
kinyungu (taux de rentabilité interne) kingana na 29,3 %, , bigaragara ko kiruta rwose
igisanzwe ku isoko ry’imari ( marché financier) ryo mu gihugu imbere (16%).
Ubukene bwabaye akarande kuva mu myaka makumyabiri ishize bukomeje kuba ikibazo
gihangayikishije; 60% by’ingo bibarirwa mu ngo zikennye .
Koko rero, uko ibintu byifashe ubu, isuzuma ry’ibiribwa by’abantu bituruka ku matungo
rigaragaza k’umusaruro w’igihugu ubwawo utanga 50% gusa bya proteyine zikomoka ku
nyamaswa zikenewe n’abaturage.
Birasanzwe, igihe cyose n’ahantu hose, uruhare rw’ubworozi mu gutanga ibitunga abantu ni
indasimburwa.
Kubera icyo kibazo, kandi ihereye ku nshingano yayo yo gutanga amerekezo mu nzego
zinyuranye z’ubuzima bw’Igihugu, Leta y’u Rwanda, ibinyujije kuri Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi
n’ubworozi ifite nyine mu nshingano zayo guteza imbere ubworozi, imaze gushyiraho
gahunda inoze y’igihugu yo guteza imbere ubworozi.
Iyo gahunda, ku byerekeranye no guteza imbere umusaruro w’ubworozi, yibanda kuri
politiki yo gushyira imbere ubuzobere (spécialisation) no guharira uturere ibikorwa
by’ubworozi biberanye na two (régionalisation).
Imibare ituruka muri MINAGRI igaragaza ko mu Ntara ya Byumba honyine hari ingurube
8.525 ku baturage 707.786 ; ni ukuvuga ingurube imwe ku bantu 83.
Ku rwego rw’igihugu, habarurwa ingurube zigera ku 216. 627, ku baturage 8.128.553, ni
ukuvuga urukwavu rumwe ku baturage 38.
Bene ibyo bikorwa, mbese bimeze nk’ibivugwa muri uyu mushinga w’ubworozi, birihutirwa
ku buryo bw’umwuhariko, kugira ngo bitere inkunga mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Gahunda
y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Ubukene.
Ikindi kigaragaza ko uyu mushinga uziye igihe, ni uko mu gihe hategurwa ingamba zo guteza
imbere ubuhinzi mu Ntara ya Byumba, abaturage bo mu turere twa Ngarama na Bungwe bari
basabye imishinga y’ubworoozi bwo mu biraro, cyane cyane ubw’ingurube.
Kuba rero uyu mushinga uhuje n’ibyo abaturage bifuza bituma wagashyizwe mu bikorwa.
-Icyiciro cyo korora ingurube zo kubaga : kizajya kigaburira ingurube neza kugira ngo
zibyibuhe vuba, nizibagwa zitange inyama nyinshi.
2. Ingamba
Umushinga uzakoresha uburyo bwo kororera ingurube nyinshi ahantu hato kandi hagamijwe
umusaruro mwiza utubutse (système intensif)ukoresheje ubwoko butanga umusaruro
utubutse , ugaburire ingurube ibiryo byiza kandi birimo ibya ngombwa byose, ikindi kandi
uzororere ahantu hagenzurrwa bihagije ku byerekeye isuku, ubworozi bwazo bucungwe neza
ku buryo butanga ibyana byiza byo gukwirakwiza nk’icyororo, kimwe n’ingurube zagaburiwe
byagaburiwe neza zibyibushye zo kubaga.
Ingamba zo gutubura umusaruro zizibanda ku kwigizayo ingorabahizi zibangamira iterambere
ry’ubworozi bw’inkwavu, kugira ngo umushinga ushobore kugez ku isoko umusaruro mwiza
ubereye abaguzi.
Ku byerekeye amasoko, ingamba zizitabazwa zizaba izo kuyashakisha no kuyagezaho
umusaruro utagira amakemwa, ku biciro birihasi byakurura umuguzi, kubera ko umushinga
uzihatira gucunga ibintu byawo neza, ugerageza kugabanya amafaranga agenda ku bikorwa,
no kugena igiciro kiwuha inyungu zitari nyinshi
8. Korora amatungo :
Umushinga uzakoresha uburyo bwo kororera inkwavu nyinshi ahantu hato (élevage intensif,
wita cyane cyane ku bisabwa byose kugira ngo ubworozi bugende neza kandi bugire icyo
bugeraho gishimishije te.
Ibikorwa 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Uyu mushinga uzakoresha uburyo bwo kororera ahantu hato ingurube nyinshi z’ubwoko
bwiza butanga umusaruro ushimishije, ni ukuvuga ubwa Large White, ugaburire amatungo
yawo ibiryo byifitemo ibya ngombwa byose, kandi uzororere ahantu hahora hagenzurwa neza,
ucungwe neza bihagije ku buryo uzajya utanga umusaruro mwiza w’amashashi azajya
akwizwa mu borozi nk’icyororo, unagurishe ingurube zagaburiwe neza zo kubagwa.
Kugira ngo umushinga wizere kuzagira umusaruro mwiza wifuza, uzagomba kwigizayo
ingorabahizi zose zisanzwe zibangamira ubworozi bw’U Rwanda muri rusange, n’ubworozi
bw’ingurube ku buryo bw’umwihariko.
Reka twibutse hano izo ngorabahizi, ziri mu byiciro bitanu : izo mu rwego rw’ibigaburirwa
amatungo, kuyavuza, ubwiza bw’ubwoko bw ‘amatungo , kuyongerera agaciro no kuyabyaza
umusaruro.
Ibyo twabivugaho:
Ibiribwa binyuranye : Bizaba birimo ubwtsi, ibikomoka ku bihingwa n’ibisigazwa byo mu
nganda zo mu Karere. Buri tungo rizajya rihabwa ibiro bibiri bya bene ibyo biryo. Ikiguzi
cyabyo ni amafaranga 40, ni ukuvuga ko amafaranga agenda kuri buri ngurube ku munsi ari
80.
Kuvura amatungo
Uyu mushinga ufite intego yo korora neza ingurube mu buryo zigira ubuzima bwiza.Bizasaba
rero ko umùuveterineri uzi,neza ibyo kuvura amatungo koko azigeraho nibura kabiri mu
cyumweru, akanabihemberwa.
Uyu mushinga uzakoresha uburyo bwo kororera ahantu hato ingurube nyinshi z’ubwoko
bwiza butanga umusaruro ushimishije, ni ukuvuga ubwa Large White butavangiye
Dore ibiburanga :
- Urubyaro rwayo mu mwaka umwe : 12
- Ikigereranyo cy’uburumbuke : 80%
- Ikigereranyo cy’izipfa : 10%
- Ibiro ingurube kibagwa iba ifite : 100 kg
- Ibiro by’ingurube ishaje ivanwa mu bworozi ifite: 120 kg
- Ibiro kigipfizi gishaje kivanwa mu bworozi gifite: 150 kg
- Inyama ziva ku ngurube ibazwe : 70%
Amafaranga umushinga uzakoresha azaturuka kuri nyirawo ubwe, kimwe no kuri RIF, ari yo
sanduku ya RSSP igamje gutera inkunga ibikorwa by’ishormari mu byaro .
Ba nyir’mishinga ubundi bagirwa inama yo kugira uruhare batanga nibura 30% by’ imari
ikenewe mu mishinga yabo.
Uru ruhare rushobora kuba amafaranga, kimwe n’uko rwaba mu bintu
Ku bireba uyu lmushinga , uuhare rwaw bwite ruzaba : 4.676.000 Frw , ni ukuvuga 32%
by’amafaranga yose azawugendaho ; naho azava hanze yawo azaba angana na : 10.000.000
Frw, ni ukuvuga 68% arimo :
Icyiciro 1 2 3 4 5
18.000.000 19.800.000 21.780.000 23.958.000 26.353.800
Amafaranga yose azinjira
(Chiffre d’affaires)
Azashorwa bushyashya (
réinvesissement)
Kugura kibikoresho 6.538.000 7.191.800 7.910.980 8.702.080 9.572.285
binyuranye bikenewe
- Inyungu zo mu by’imari
- Inyungu mu by’imibereho myiz y’abturage
- Inyungu mu by’ubukungu
1. Inyungu mu byerekeye imari (rentabilité financière)
Icyo gihe amafaranga ava ku bintu umushinga ugurisha aba atangiye kuruta agenda ku
bikorwa ahinduka (frais fixes) n’adahinduka (frais variables).
Iyi mibare yerekana neza urugero umushinga utangiriraho kubyara inyungu mu mafaranga
rugerwaho igihe amafaranga yose yinjiye ku bintu byacurujwe agera kuri 4.590.000 Frw,
ahwanye na 25,50% ibi rero birashimishije .
Igihe umushinga uzakoresha kugira ngo ube ugaruje amafaranga washoya ( payback period)
gihwanye n’icyo umushinga ubonamo inyungu zihwanye n’igishoro cyawo. .
Duhereye ku mbonerahamwe yerekana konti mbonezamusauro , turasanga biteye ku buryo
bukurikira :
Umwaka 1 2 3 4 5
Igishoro 18.000.000
Inyungu ku mwaka 5.474.560 6.075.290 6.736.090 7.462.975 8.262.500
Inyungu zikomatanye 5.474.560 11.549.850 18.285.940 25.748.915 34.011.415
ku myaka itandukanye
Ikigereranyo gisanzwe cyo kwunguka k’umushinga (taux de rendement simple), kuri buri
mwaka ni ijanisha rigereranya inyungu n’amafaranga yose yashowe.
Twongere dufate umwaka wa 1 abe ari wo tubariraho ; ikigereranyo gisanzwe cyo kwunguka
k’umushinga kizaba : 5.474.560 Frw x 100 18.000.000 Frw = 30,41%
Igitekerezo cyo guhuza imibare n’ibihe gishingiye ku ko umubare w’amafarng uyu n’uyu iyo
uhise uboneka urusha agaciro uzaboneka nyuma y’igihe unaka .
Muri ubwo buryo, agaciro k’ubu k’amafaranga katavangiye (valeura Actuelle Nette (VAN)
y’inguzanyo izaboneka mu myaka N iri imberegahwanye na:
A
r
(1 + i)
Icyitegererezo bakunze gukoresha ni Ijanisha ry’uburyo umushinga wunguka icyitwa :
Ijanisha ry’uburyo umushinga wunguka (Taux de Rentabilité Interne) (TRI ).
Uyu mushinga ufite ijanisha ry’uburyo uzabyara inyungu (TRI) riri hejuru bihagije, ringana
na 29,3%, rikaba riruta rwose ijanisha ry’inyungu rikoreshwa na Banki zo mu Gihugu ( 16%
), bikaba biha umushinga amahirwe ahagije yo gushyirwa mu bikorwa nta nkomyi no kuba
wabona kinguzanyo y’amabanki. .
2 . Inyungu mu byerekeye imibereho myiza y’abaturage (Rentabilité sociale)
Umushinga uzzanira akazi abantu batari bacye, bahembwe imishahara itari munsi
y ‘amafaranga 960.000 ku mwaka.
Aborozi bazarushaho gutera imbere mu bworozi bw’ingurube kubera ko bazaba bafite hafi
aho bakura icyororo cyiza kibazanira inyungu
Umushinga nukwiza icyororo cyiza cy’ingurube, boizatuma zororokera aborozi, ibyo nta
shiti. Ubwinshi bw’umusaruro bizatanga na wo uzatuma hari ibindi bikorwa bishamikira kuri
ibwo bworozi, bivelmo inganda nto, zaba izikora ibikenerwa mu bworozi bw’ingurube
(activités en aval de la production), byaba n’ibitunganya umusaruro uzikomokaho. .
3. INGWATE N’UBURYOZWE
Ainsi pour :
- Ku mazu, agaciro kaba ari 100% by’agaciro kagaragajwe na raporo y’impuguke
yayasuzumye
- Ibikoresho bitimukanwa bibarirwa agaciro ka 50% by’agaciro kabyo bimaze gushyirwa
mu mwanya
- Ibinyabiziga bifite ubwishingizi « omnium » bibarirwa 50% by’agaciro kabyo
COCNLUSION
Ibi bizagira n’uruhare mu gutanga ibiribwa bimwe byajyaga bibura, byongere umutungo
abaturage batagira amasambu binjiza bawukuye ku bikorwa bitari iby’ubuhinzi, byongere
ubushobozi bwo guhaha (pouvoir d’achat), bityo byongere umubare w’abaguzi b’ibintu
binyuranye ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu.
Koko rero, uyu mushinga uzateza imbere ubworozi bw’ingurube n’ibikorwa byose
biwushamikiyeho, wongere inyungu zizinjizwa n’aborozi, wongere umusaruro w’ibiribwa mu
baturage, utange akazi, kandi ugire n’uruhare mu kuziba icyuho hagati y’ibicuruzwa Igihugu
cyohereza hanze n’ibyo gitumiza (balance de paiements).
Nk’uko twabigaragaje haruguru, uyu mushinga ufite ubushobozi bwo kubyara inyungu , kandi
ukaba ufitiye abaturage akamaro kadashidikanywaho, haba mu rwego rw’ubukungu cyangwa
mu rw’imibereho myiza.
Amafarnga azagenda ku mushinga yose ni 14.676.000 , akazaturuka aha hakurikira:
- Uruhare rwa yir’umushinga: 4.676.000 Frw, ni ukuvuga 30% by’amafaranga
yose
- Amafaranga azaturuka hanze y’umushinga asabwa ni 10.000.000 Frw, ni ukuvuga
70% by’amafaranga yose azagenda ku mushinga, arimo :
6.000.000 Frw azatangwaho inguzanyo na Banki, na
4.000.000 Frw azatangwaho inkunga n’Umushiga RSSP,
binyujijwe kuri gahunda yawo ya RIF
Nta gushidikanya ko uyu mushinga uzabyara inyungu, bitewe n’uko, guhera ku mwaka wawo
wa mbere wonyine, inyungu izaboneka, mbere yo kwishyura imisoro, izaba ingana na
8.422.000 Frw , kandi ukaba ufite ikigereranyo cy’inyungu (taux de rentabilité interne) cya
29,3%, bigaragara ko kiruta rwose igisanzwe kigenderwaho ku isoko ry’amafaranga ( 16%)
ry’imbere mu Gihugu.
Kubera ibyo twasobanuye byose, turasanga uyu mushinga ukwiye guhabwa inguzanyo usaba
Banki, kimwe n’inkunga ya RSSP.