KAALA GANANA (Reckoning of TIME - Hindu Perspective)

Arithmetic of
Hindu Kaalaganana…
(understanding & reckoning of Time)
Composed & Published by bhargavasarma (Nirikhi Krishna Bhagavan) @ Hari Sarvottama –

Hari Sarvottama
Vaayu Jeevottama – for novice understanding – VaAyu Jeevottama
@ https://www.facebook.com/bhagavanknl
https://www.bhargavasarma.blogspot.comSri GuruRaajo Vijayate
bhargavasarma (krishna bhagavan nirikhi) @
https://www.facebook.com/bhagavanknl
13.04.2021
KaAlaGanaNa…
Understanding & Reckoning of Time
(Hindu perspective)
➢ Introduction...
Time is controlled by KaAlapurusha; the presiding Deity of

eternal Time, Lord Vishnu the KaAla. He is the creator of Time
and also the one who causes repetition of Time.
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Vaayu Jeevottama – for novice understanding @ https://www.facebook.com/bhagavanknl
https://www.bhargavasarma.blogspot.com
All entities in the universe comes under the purview of Time
without any exception including Lord Brahma.
Only Lord Vishnu is exceptional.
He is Kaalaatheetha the one who stays beyond Time and for

whom there is no Time-bar. He is not bound by Time and not
dependent on Kaala.
Time is reckoned as Lord Vishnu who is
KaalaAtma the soul of Time;
KaAla-Swaroopa; the form of Time > NaAraayana
Upanishad describes Lord Vishnu as the Time;
“Kaalascha Naaraayanah”
Time is arising out of Lord Sri ManNaaraayana.
In Bhagawadgita (Viswaroopadarshana Yoga) Lord Sri Krishna

says, "KaAlo~`smi Loka....". He is the KaAla (Kaala naamaka
Paramaatma). Lord Vishnu is,
Niyaamaka of the Universe;
the divine law maker and the law giver.
He is the great ruler; ordainer; governing lord and the

presiding deity of the eternal Time; Kaala Niyaamaka.
He is Sarva Niyaamaka;
Niyaamaka means the one who governs; appoints; assigns;

instructs; guides and controls etc.
Concealed in the word Niyaamaka is Niyama; meaning the

rules, policies, principles, regulations; set of laws.

KaAla-Ganana (reckoning of time) happen according to the
specific time set by the Kaala Niyaamaka;
Hindu sages describe time as cyclic and an endless process of

creation, preservation and dissolution. Universe is cyclically
created and destroyed.
Sacred texts (Puranas) have conceived the Time or Kaala as

beginning-less or endless and there is no break in the
continuity of the Universe in some form or the other.
Hindu religion and philosophy which strongly believes in Vedas

has clearly spelled out the time element of the universe at
different levels.
Several sacred pouranic texts like, Bhaagavatha Purana, Vishnu

Purana, Maha Bhaaratha, Matsya Purana, Vaayu Purana,
Bhagawadgita etc. have discussed about Hindu cosmology.
What modern scientists/astronomers have invented about Time

was revealed by the great Hindu Seers ages before.

KaAlagaNana -2
➢ KALPA....
sahasra-yuga-paryantam ahar yad brahmaṇo viduḥ
rātriṁ yuga-sahasrāntāṁ te ’ho-rātra-vido janāḥ
(Bhagawadgita 8.17)
Above sloka from Bhagawadgita defines a day of Lord Brahma

as equivalent to 1000 Maha Yugas and a night of Brahma is of
equal duration of another 1000 Maha Yugas;
Each Maha Yuga having a duration of 43,20,000 human years.
The duration of half a day in the life of Lord Brahma that is

equivalent to 1000 Mahayugas is known as KALPA;
In terms of TIME (kAaLA), Kalpa means an Aeon,

immeasurably long period of time equivalent to 432 crores
(4.32 billion) of years in Hindu cosmology.
With night of same duration,
a day (day + night) in the life of Lord Brahma is equal to 2

KALPAS = 2000 Maha Yugas = 864 crores (8.64 billion) of
human years.
One day (Kalpa) of Brahma is also divided into 10000 parts

called Charanas equivalent to 1000 Maha Yugas of 10 charanas
each.
Each Maha Yuga consists of 10 charanas;
• Krita Yuga (4);

• Thretha Yuga (3);

• Dwapara Yuga (2) and
• Kali Yuga (1) charana.
Each Charana comprises of 432000 human years X 10000 =

432 Crores (4.32 billion) years = One KALPA;
Thus, a full day (one day + one night) of Lord Brahma is the
period of 2 Kalpas of 1000 Maha Yugas each (2000 Maha
Yugas) comprising of 20000 Charanas = 864 crores (8.64
billion) of human years.
A KALPA is further divided into 14 Manvantharas, each one

lasting 306.72 million human years.
A Kalpa (day duration of Lord Brahma) consists of a period of

17,28,000 years called Aadi Sandhi followed by the period of
14 Manvantharas plus (+) Sandhi Kaalas together equivalent to
1000 Maha Yugas.
Thus, half a day (Kalpa) of Lord Brahma is equivalent to…
14 (Manvantharas) x 71 (Maha Yugas) = 994 Maha Yugas +

Sandhi kalas equal to 6 Maha Yugas = 1000 Maha Yugas.
Sandhi Kala is arrived at as follows....
For 14 Manvantharas (14) sandhikala periods equivalent to the

age of 14 Krita Yugas = 1728000 x 14 = 24192000 + 1728000
(Aadi Sandhi period) = 25920,000 /4320000 years = 6 Maha
Yugas.
Each KALPA is denoted by a unique name. These

nomenclatures vary in different sacred texts and there is no
unanimity in the list.

According to Matsya Purana there are 30 Kalpas cyclically
getting repeated. They are…
Swetha, Neela-lohita, Vamadeva, Rathanthara, Rourava, Deva,

Bruhat, Kandarpa, Sadhya, Eesana, Tamah, Saraswatha,
Udaana, Garuda, Kaurma, Narasimha, Samana, Agneya, Soma,
Maanava, Tat-puman, Vaikunta, Lakshmi, Savithri, Aghora,
Vaaraaha, Vairaja, Gouri, Maheswara, and Pitr-Kalpa.
According to Vaayu Purana a different list containing 34 names

are given.
Currently we are in Swetha Kalpa in which Lord Vishnu had

taken incarnation as Varaha (great Boar) hence aptly called as
Swetha Varaha Kalpa.
In general, KALPA is called as VedaAnga;
a limb of the Veda Purusha.
It is one of the six disciplines of Veda called Shat-Saasthras

viz. Siksha, Kalpa, Vyaakarana, Nirukta, Chandassu, and
Jyotisha.
It is an ancient science that involves one to carry out the

injunctions; various types of spiritual practices, rituals etc.
coming under its province/territory.
In terms of KALPA the duration of the life span of Lord Brahma

= 72000 KALPAS = 311.04 Trillion years.

KaAlagaNana -3
➢ ManvantHara....
Manvanthara is a bigger sub division of TIME reckoned as
duration (Avadhi) of Manu > Manu + Anthara = Manvanthara;
Each day (Kalpa) of Lord Brahma is further divided into 14 sub-

divisions called Manvantharas’ with each Manvanthara named
after its presiding deity called Manu.
List of Manvantharas’ are,
1. Swayambhuva
2. Swarochisha
3. Uttama
4. Tapasa
5. Raivatha

6. Chakshusa
7. Vaivaswatha
8. Surya Savarni
9. Daksha Savarni
10. Brahma Savarni
11. Dharma Savarni
12. Rudra Savarni
13. Deva Savarni
14. Indra Savarni
Currently we are in the cycle of seventh (7th) Manu called

Vaivaswatha Manvanthara named after Vaivaswatha Manu son
of Sun God called Vivaswatha.
Each Manvanthara will have a set of Saptha Rishis and Indra

(Lord of Heaven).
At the end of every Manvanthara there will be a Pralaya known

as Manvanthara Pralaya and the cycle gets repeated and new
Manus’ comes into existence.
Duration of each Manvanthara will be for a period of 71 Maha

Yugas (Chatur-Yugas) with each Maha Yuga comprising a
duration of 43,20,000 human years.
Duration of each Manvanthara will be 71 x 4320000 = 306.72

million human years.
After each Manvanthara there follows a Sandhi Kala (period) of

1728000 human years of the duration of a Krutha Yuga.

These Manvantharas had commenced on specific lunar days
called Manvaadi.
According to Dharma Saastras these fourteen Manvaadi days

as per Hindu lunar calendar are…
• Chaitra Sukla Thrutheeya and Pournami (2)
• Jyesta Sukla Pournami (1)
• Aashada Sukla Dasami and Pournami (2)
• Sraavana Bahula Ashtami (1)
• Bhaadrapada Sukla Thrutheeya (1)
• Aaswayuja Sukla Navami (1)
• Kaartheeka Sukla Dwadasi, Pournami (2)
• Pushya Sukla Ekadasi (1)
• Maagha Sukla Sapthami (1)
• Phalguna Sukla Pournami, Amaavaasya (2)
In the concept of Pithru Yagna, Manvaadi days are elected days

under Shannavathi for offering Pithru Tharpana;
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KaAlagaNana - 4
SahAsraKoti YuGadHarine NaMaH
➢ YUGA
What is Yuga? What is its significance?
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TIME (KaAla) is further subdivided into units of smaller
duration called Yuga.
As per Kalpa pramana, Yuga is classified into four types’ viz.
Krutha Yuga;
Tretha Yuga;
Dwapara Yuga and
Kali Yuga
of descending duration in the ratio of 4:3:2:1 with each Yuga

having the duration shorter than its previous one.
Krutha Yuga is also known as Sathya Yuga.
Duration of these four Yugas in terms of human years is

determined as follows…
• Krutha Yuga (1728000 years);

• Tretha Yuga (1296000 years);
• Dwapara Yuga (864000 years) and
• Kali Yuga (432000 years);
What is Maha Yuga?
Four Yugas (Krutha-Tretha-Dwapara-Kali) collectively is known

as Maha Yuga or Chaturyuga;
having a duration of 4320000 human years and
71 such Mahayugas (Chaturyugas) is equivalent to one

Manvanthara (306.72 million human years) and
1000 such Maha Yugas is equivalent to one Kalpa;
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Composition of DhArma in Yugas
Krutha Yuga (Sathya Yuga) called as Golden age will be fully

virtuous;
Tretha Yuga called as Silver age it will be 3/4th virtuous;
Dwapara Yuga called as Bronze age it will be half (½) virtuous;
Kali Yuga known as Iron age or Black age it will be 1/4th

virtuous and 3/4th of sin.
Thus there will be a gradual deterioration from Yuga to Yuga in

terms of Dharma (Virtue) as well as longevity of human beings.
The Yugas (ages) become progressively worse in terms of

morality that will have an impact on human actions.
DEVA YUGA - DIVINE YEAR
Time is also measured in terms of Divine years.
One Divine year is assumed as equivalent to 360 human years.
For the purpose of this arithmetic 360 human days is

considered as equivalent to one human year.
Therefore, one Mahayuga of 4320000 (12000 x 360) human

years duration equivalent to 12000 Divine years will make one
Divine Yuga or Deva Yuga comprising of…
• Krutha Yuga (4800 divine years) +

• Tretha Yuga (3600 divine years) +
• Dwapara Yuga (2400 divine years) +
• Kali Yuga (1200 divine years)
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As a result, A Kalpa (1000 Mahayugas/Deva Yugas) will be
equivalent to 1000 x 12000=12 million (1.20 Cr) divine years
or 432 Crores (12000000 x 360) human years;
YUGAADI is derived from the word YUGA (Yuga + Aadi).
Yuga means the period or era and Aadi means beginning.

Yugaadi means the day Yuga had commenced. It marks the
beginning of an Era/Yuga that specifically refers to the period
in which we are currently living.
As per Yuga Pramaana,
Life span of Kali Yuga is 432,000 years, out of which 5121

years have past and we are entering into 5122nd year of this
28th Kaliyuga.
These YUGAS had commenced on specific lunar days called

Yugaadi. According to Dharma Saastras these four Yugaadi
days (as per Hindu lunar calendar) are...
• Vaisakha Sukla thrutheeya (Thretha Yugaadi)
• Bhaadrapada Bahula Trayodasi (Kali Yugaadi)
• Kaartheeka Sukla Navami (Krutha Yugaadi)
• Maagha Bahula Amaavasya (Dwapara Yugaadi)
In the concept of Pithru Yagna, Yugaadi days are elected days

under Shannavathi for offering Pithru Tharpana;
Namostvananthaya Sahasramuurthaye
SahasraPaadaakshi Sirorubaahave
Sahasranaamne Purushaya Saswathe
SahasraKoti Yugadhaarine Namah!
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Salutations to the Infinite (Lord Sri ManNaaraayana) Anantha
the one,
who has manifested as innumerable number of forms,
who has innumerable feet, eyes, heads, arms,
one who has innumerable number of names,
who is an eternal person and
who holds thousands of crores of Yugas,
which are uncountable.....
KAALAGANANA - 5
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Having made an attempt to understand from the previous
posts, the concept, significance and arithmetic of Hindu
KaalaGanana /Time Element (Kalpa/Manvanthara/Yuga...)
➢ Reckoning of TIME (as per Brahma's life cycle)

According to Bhagawadgita a day in the life cycle of Lord
Brahma is defined as equivalent to a duration of 1000 Maha
Yugas;
"Sahasra Yuga paryantham ahar-yad brahmano vidhuh"
"cHaturYuga saHasraAni BraHmano diNamucHyatE"
that is called Kalpa.
According to Mahabharatha,12 months of Lord Brahma’s

existence is equal to 360 days that constitute his (Brahma) one
year and 100 such years is his life time and that is the life cycle
of the Universe.
As per Vedamaana, life span of Lord Brahma is 100 years

called Brahma Kalpa also known as Para.
Fifty years of Lord Brahma are supposed to have elapsed.
Currently in Dwiteeya ParArdha (2nd half of Brahmas life) first

day (day time) known as Swetha (Varaha) Kalpa is running
through.
➢ Reckoning the Life span of Lord Brahma

(in terms of human years)
1000 Maha Yugas = 1 Kalpa = ½ day of Lord Brahma =
432 crores of years;
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2000 Maha Yugas = 2 Kalpas = 1 day (24 hours) of Lord
Brahma = 864 crores of years;
30 such days of Brahma = 60 Kalpas = 30 x 864 crores of

years = 259.2 billion years = One Month for Lord Brahma;
12 such months (1 year = 360 days) of Brahma = 720

(360+360) Kalpas = 12 x 259.2 billion yrs = 3.1104 trillion
yrs;
50 such years = 1 ParaArdha = 36000 Kalpas = 50 x 3.1104

trillion years = 155.52 trillion years = half of Brahma's life;
2 such ParaArdhas = 100 years of Brahma = 72000 Kalpas =

311.04 trillion years = Brahma’s life;
As per above arithmetic life span of Lord Brahma will be 311.04

trillion human years = 72000 Kalpas (36000 days + 36000
nights)
Tabulating the above arithmetic taking the year 2021 as the

base the Hindu Time is reckoned in terms human years as
follows…
311.04 Trillion Human years – Life span of current Brahma;
155.52 Trillion Human years since the origin of current

Brahma;
197.30 Crores (1.97 billion) years since the beginning of the

Swetha Varaha Kalpa (time since creation started in this
Kalpa);
12.06 Crores years since beginning of Vaivaswatha

Manvanthara;
38.88 lakh years since beginning of 28th Maha Yuga;
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5122 years since the beginning of the present Kali Yuga;
1943 years since the beginning of Salivahana Sakha;
SIGNIFICANCE OF SANKALPA SLOKA

Vis-a-Vis
KAALAGANANA
A Vedic Sankalpa generally comprises of the elements of
• Time;
• Location;
• Almanac (Panchanga);
• Lineage;
• Purpose; Wish or desire;
• Target (the Deity); and
• nature or mode of karma.
How is it related to KaAlaganana?
It starts with...
➢ TIME ELEMENT
(Reckoning of time with reference to Lord Brahma)
Some of the terms used in Sankalpa sloka that we recite

contain the time element viz.
• Aaadhya Brahmana,
• Dwiteeya Parardhe,
• Swetha Varaha Kalpe,
• Vaivaswatha Manwanthare,
• Kaliyuge,
• Prathama Pade,
• Salivahana Sakhe.
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In these words, there is reckoning of the current date as per
Vedamana since the birth of Lord Brahma. As such, Hindu time
element is embedded in Sankalpa (San+Kalpa)
Aadya Bramhane Dwiteeya Parardhe....
that means first half of the life time of the current Brahma is
over and we are in the 2nd half called Dwiteeya Parardhe; in
the 51st year of Lord Brahma;
(50 years of Lord Brahma is equal to 155.52 trillion human

years);
Swetha Varaaha Kalpe...
that means we are currently in the first day (only day) called
Swetha Varaaha Kalpa in the 51st year of Lord Brahma; the
day (Kalpa) in which Lord Vishnu took the form (incarnation) of
Varaaha (great Boar);
Vaivaswatha Manvanthare...
that means in Swetha Varaha Kalpa (1st day of Lord Brahma)

after passing through six Manvantharas out of 14; we are
currently in 7th Manvanthara called Vaivaswatha Manvanthara.
In terms of number of years after taking into account the

sandhi Kalas, we have passed through 185.2416 crores human
years (4320000 x 71 x 6) + (1728,000 x 7) during the
previous six Manvantharas.
Ashtavimshatitamey Kaliyuge - Kali Prathama Charane...
that means in the current Manvanthara (Vaivasvatha) we have

passed through 27 Maha Yugas out of 71; currently passing
through the 28th Maha Yuga.
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Again, in this 28th Maha Yuga after passing through Krutha,
Thretha and Dwaapara Yugas; we are currently in Kali Yuga in
its first quarter after passing through 5122 years;
As per scripts it is said that Kali Yuga had commenced in the

year 3102 BC. Counting from the beginning of Kalpa it is
(185.24 + 11.67 + 0.39 + 0.005) =197.30 crores human years
since commencement of creation in this Kalpa by Lord Brahma.
Bauddhavathare...
that means in the time when Lord SriManNaaraayana has taken

birth as Buddha;
Saalivahana Sakhe...
further reckoning down based on the concept of Sakha, after

passing through the Yudhishtira and Vikrama Sakhas we are
currently in Saalivaahana Sakha; 1943 years since its
beginning in 78 AD.
Sankalpa sloka also contains the micro constituents of

KaalaGanana like, Samvatsara, Aayana, Ruthu, Maasa, Paksha,
Thithi, Vaara etc.
Sages describe time as cyclic and an endless process of

created and destroyed. Sacred texts (Puranas) have conceived
the Time or Kaala or Lord Vishnu as beginning-less or endless
and there is no break in the continuity of the Universe in some
form or the other.
Even at the time of Maha Pralaya (Brahma Pralaya) when the

entire Universe is totally destroyed, Lord Vishnu the Supreme
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God remains composed and untainted in the form of SooNya
naamaka Paramaatma.
After the term of current Brahma expires, in the next creation

Lord Vaayu the Mukhya Praana (Lord Hanuman) is going to be
the next Brahma;
sAmVatsArA - what does it indicate?

Focus of this post is on KaAlaGanana the concept of Time
where all elements (macro/micro) are possessed by Lord
Vishnu;
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SaMvaTsara is a micro constituent of the gigantic wheel of
Time (Kaalachakra) comprising of Kalpa, Manvanthara and
Yuga, Sakha…
Samvatsara literally means a year. Samvatsara is also referred

to as Varsha, Samvat.
Originated from the concept of Time, Samvatsara is a micro

constituent of the gigantic wheel of Time (Kaalachakra)
comprising of Kalpa, Manvanthara and Yuga, Sakha.
A Samvatsara comprises of several tiny constituents of Time,

broadly classified into...
• Uttaraayana and Dakshinaayana,

• six seasons known as Rutuhs,
• twelve months (Maasaas),
• two fortnights (Paksha), and
• seven week days (Vaara or Vaasara);
Day is again divided into...
• Dinamaana (from Sunrise to Sunset),

• Raathri-maana (from Sunset to next Sunrise).
Dinamaana is again divided into...
• Pratah,
• Madhyaanah,
• Aparaannah,
• Pradosha and
• Sayahna etc...
A day is also divided into...
• Muhurtha,
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• Ghati,
• Vighati and
• Paramaanu
A Hindu lunar day is a composition of five limbs viz,
➢ Thithi, Vaara, Nakshathra,Yoga and Karana;
in simple terms known as Panchaanga (Almanac).
In a lunar month we have 16 thithis (out of which 14 repeats

twice), 27 constellations, 27 yogas and 11 karanas.
All the above put together is known as SaMvaTsara and

everything including planets moves around the zodiac which is
nothing but Lord Vishnu who is Kaala-Swaroopa (form of Time)
and the;
zodiac signs starting from Aries (Mesha) to Pisces (Meena) are

the representation of different limbs of Kaala Purusha who is
ViraatPurusha cosmic in nature.
Time is reckoned as Lord Vishnu who is known as KaalaAtma

the soul of Time.
SaMvaTsara is one of the several thousand names of Lord

Vishnu as referred in sloka # 10 & 45 of Sri Vishnu
Sahasranama Stothram.
Sureshah sharanam sharma vishvaretah prajabhavah
Ahah #samvatsaro vyaalah pratyayah sarvadarshanah
Rutuh sudarshanah kaalah parameshhtii parigrahah
Ugrah #samvatsaro daksho vishraamo vishva-dakshinah
Svaapanah svavasho vyaapee naikaatmaa naika-karma-krut
23

#Vatsaro vatsalo vatsee ratna-garbho dhaneshvarah
(SVSNS- sloka # 50)
Lord Vishnu is also referred to as #Vatsarah (sloka # 50) the

one who dwells in each and every element of this universe and
everything dwells in Him. As such Lord Vishnu resides in each
Samvatsara or in each year.
Samvatsara is a unit of measurement of Time that is controlled

by the Kaalapurusha the presiding Deity of Kaala (Time) Lord
Vishnu.
Samvatsara is a commonly used word in Hindu terminology

that we come across regularly being used on a daily basis.
Starting from nitya karma (sandhyavandana...) all Hindu
religious rituals will not begin without utterance of the word
SaMvaTsara during sankalpa.
Like a numerical year in an English calendar is denoted by a

number, Samvatsara in Hindu calendar is denoted by a unique
name (given below) that keeps changing in a 60year cycle.
Prabhava, Vibhava, Shukla, Pramoda, Prajapathi, Angeerasa,

Shrimukha, Bhaava, Yuva, Dhaata, Eeshwara, Bahudhaanya,
Pramadhi, Vikrama, Vrusha, Chitrabhanu, Subhanu, Taarana,
Paarthiva, Vyaya, Sarvajittu, Sarvadhaari, Virodhi, Vikruthi,
Khara, Nandana, Vijaya, Jaya, Manmatha, Durmukha,
Hevalambi, Vilambi, Vikaari, Saarvari, Plava, Shubakrut,
Shobhakrut, Krodhi, Vishvavasu, Paraabhava, Plavanga,
Keelaka, Saumya, Saadhaarana, Virodhikrit, Paridhavi,
Pramaadee, Aananda, Raakshasa, Nala, Pingala, Kaalayukthi,
Siddharthi, Raudra, Durmathi, Dundubhi, Rudhirodgaari,
Raktaakshi, Krodhana, and Akshaya.
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Like first day of every year is referred to as New Year day, first
day of every Hindu New Year is termed as Noothana
Samvatsaraadi that is regarded as Ugaadi/Yugaadi that marks
the beginning of a Hindu New Year.
SaMvaTsara is a unit of measurement of Time that is controlled
by the Kaalapurusha the presiding Deity of Kaala (Time) Lord
Vishnu.
Lord Vishnu is the creator of Time and also the one who causes
repetition of Time. All entities in the universe come under the
purview of this Time without any exception including that of
Lord Brahma.
Only exception is Lord Vishnu. He is KaalaAtheetha the one

who stays beyond Time and for whom there is no Time-bar. He
is not bound by Time and not dependent on KaAla.
Time is God and Lord Vishnu is the God; He is the generator

(g), organizer (o) and destroyer (d) of Time.
vishvam vishhnur-vashhatkaaro bhoota-bhavya-bhavat-

prabhuh
Bhootakrut bhoota-bhrud bhaavo bhootaatma bhoota-

bhaavanah!
In the very first sloka of Sri Vishnu Sahasranama Stothram,

Lord Vishnu is referred to as Bhoota-Bhavya-Bhavat-Prabhuh.
That means Sri Maha Vishnu is the Lord of past, present and
future.
If Lord Vishnu is the Time, Time is Lord Vishnu and Time is

everything, then SaMvaTsara which is a component of Time
can be reckoned as Lord Vishnu.
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(yUgādikRd~YugāvArtō)
➢ YuGaAdi - what does it indicate?

Yuga means the period or era and Aadi means beginning.
Yugasya Aadi Yugaadi (Yuga + Aadi);
Yuga means the period or era and Aadi means the beginning.
YugaAdi means the day Yuga had commenced.
It marks the beginning of an Era/Yuga that specifically refers to

the period in which we are living.
It also marks the beginning of new year as per Sakha calendar.
26

It is also the day Kalpa had commenced known as KalpaAdi.
YugaAdi is assumed as the day Lord Brahma had commenced

the creation;
Yugasya Aadi = Yugaadi = Samvatsaraadi;
Yugaadi also refers to the beginning of a Hindu new year which

is known as Samvatsaraadi.
Yugaadi is basically a Hindu festival signifying the time element

of the Universe celebrated as a New Year Day coinciding with...
• Uttaraayana (first among the aayanaas)

• Vasantha Ruthu (first among the seasons)
• Chaitra Masam (the first among the lunar months),
• Sukla paksha (bright fortnight),
• Prathama Thithi (first lunar day)
that is referred to as ChaAndramaAna YugaAdi as per Lunar

Calendar.
As per Chandramana a month is denoted by the star present

on the full moon day.
For example, the month in which Moon is at or nearer to Chitta

star, that month is reckoned as Chaithra maasam the first day
of which is celebrated as Yugadi festival.
Yugaadi is a festival mainly celebrated in Southern part of India

and Maharashtra.
In Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka, it is celebrated as Yugadi

while in Maharashtra and Goa it is called as Gudi Padwa.
In all the three states it is celebrated as per Chaandramaana;
27

In Tamil Nadu and Kerala, it is celebrated as per Sowramaana
(Solar calendar) on the day Sun enters Mesha Raasi (Aries
sign) in the zodiac called as Mesha Sankranthi coinciding with...
• Uttarayana first among the Aayanas;

• Vasantha Ruthu (spring season) first among the seasons,
• Sun in Mesha Raasi (Aries) first among the zodiac signs,
• Chaitra Masam first among the Lunar months,
that is referred to as Solar New Year or Souramana Ugaadi.
Chaithra Sukla Prathama (Paadyami) – ChaAndramana Yugaadi

day is one of the four most auspicious days when one need not
look into the Almanac (Panchaanga) to select an auspicious
moment. It is called as Sade Theen Muhurtha.
YuGaAdikrit-YuGaaVarto - what does it indicate?
Sri Vishnu Sahasranama Stothram (sloka # 33); eulogize Lord

Vishnu as...
• YugaAdiKrute Namaha
• YugaAvartaAya Namaha
They are not only names of Lord Vishnu, rather His attributes;
YugaAdi-krit the one who creates Yugas....
By the term Aadi it should be understood to indicate/includes

not only Yuga but also all other divisions of Time at Macro and
Micro level starting from Kalpa, Manvanthara, Yuga,
Samvatsara, Maasa, Dina etc...
Lord Vishnu is the creator and generator of Time

elements/concepts which have come from Him.
28

He is YugaPravartaka the creator of Yugas/aeons >
yUgaAdiKrit;
YugaAvarto the one who causes the repetition of Yugas; the

one who revolves the Yugas/Aeons;
He causes repetition of Yugas again and again; and ensures

that there is continuity. Cycle of Yugas etc. keeps moving
because of Him;
That's why He is also known as AavartanaH (Sri Vishnu

Sahasranama Stothram sloka # 25) the one who
moves/revolves/rotates the Wheel of Time.
He is also the one who whirls around the never-ending

Samsara Chakra or the worldly existence and the dynamic
force behind it which plays the endless drama of birth and
death.
Lord Vishnu is KaAlapurusha the presiding Deity of the eternal

time Kaalachakra. He is the creator, controller and regulator of
the great Time including its intervals and also the one who
causes the repetition of time elements like Yugas.
Lord Vishnu is Niyaamaka of the Universe; the divine law

maker and the law giver.
He is the great ruler; ordainer; governing lord and the

presiding deity of the eternal Time; Kaala Niyaamaka. He is
Sarva Niyaamaka;
Niyaamaka means the one who governs; appoints; assigns;

instructs; guides and controls etc.
Concealed in the word Niyaamaka is Niyama; meaning the

rules, policies, principles, regulations; set of laws. Lord Vishnu
29

is the mighty administrator of the performance/working of the
great TIME.
KaAla-Ganana (reckoning of time) happen according to the

specific time set by the Kaala Niyaamaka Lord Vishnu;
Hindu sages describe time as cyclic and an endless process of

created and destroyed.
Sacred texts (Puranas) have conceived the Time or Kaala as

beginning-less or endless and there is no break in the
continuity of the Universe in some form or the other.
Even at the end of Yuga/Manvanthara/Kalpa Lord Vishnu

makes the beginning of another one; Even after the great
Deluge (Pralaya) He saves it from distress and starts again the
creation.
Lord Vishnu is not only the creator of Aeons but also the
invisible and powerful dynamic force behind the constant flow
of never-ending Time. He is the Supreme Power behind the
ever-whirling wheel of Time (Kaalachakra) that goes on
changing and repeating and continuity of change in the
universe phenomena.
Yugaadi refers to KaAlachakra; Lord Vishnu is the one who has

created KaalaChakra (YugaadiKrit);
Yugaadi marks the beginning of the most auspicious season

Vasantha Ruthu (Spring Season) when generally we find trees
start to blossom.
30

In Bhagawadgita, Vibhoothi Yoga Lord Sri Krishna says that He
is Vasantha Ruthu among the seasons “Ruthunaam
Kusumaakarah”
ANNEXURE…
➢ PRALAYA - THE DELUGE
(concept & significance in brief…)
What is Pralaya?
Doomsday known in Hindu terminology as Pralaya is a Sanskrit

word.
Pra means conspicuous; prominent; notorious; great;

noticeable; unique and Laya means destruction; deluge;
dissolution; death; annihilation; Pra + Laya = Pralaya means
destruction of the world.
On an individual plane Pralaya means death and on mundane

surface it is death and destruction of both living and non-living
things.
31

Pralaya very much co-terminates with the concept of eternal
Time that refers to the end of world after a cycle of ages.
Pralaya cannot occur as and when one wants it. It has separate
arithmetic known as Kaala Ganana (reckoning of time).
It will happen at a specific time set by the Kaala Niyaamaka;

the governing lord and Presiding Deity of the eternal time Lord
Sri ManNaaryaana; the divine law maker and law giver.
Time is controlled by Kaalapurusha; the presiding Deity of

eternal Time, Lord Vishnu the Kaala. He is creator of Time and
also one who causes repetition of Time. All entities in the
universe come under purview of Time without any exception
including Lord Brahma.
What are the different types of Pralaya?
Pralaya is a broad term that can happen at different stages of

the eternal Time. It is classified as...
• Yuga Pralaya;
• Manvanthara Pralaya;
• Kalpa Pralaya; and
• Maha Pralaya or Brahma Pralaya.
According to Bhaagavatha Purana, Dwaadasa Skhandha (12th

canto); Pralaya is classified as....
• Nitya Pralaya;
• Nymittika Pralaya;
• Praakrutika Pralaya and
• Atyantika Pralaya
32

Nitya Pralaya means the destruction of living and non-living
things that goes on a daily basis.
What is Yuga Pralaya?
Yuga is a sub-division of the great Time; it is an era in which

we live in. There are four types of Yugas viz. Krutha Yuga;
Tretha Yuga; Dwaapara Yuga and Kali Yuga.
Each Yuga or era has a set longevity. Accordingly, the duration

of Krutha Yuga will be for a period of 1728000 human years;
Tretha Yuga for1296000 years; Dwaapara Yuga for 864000
years and Kali Yuga for 432000 years.
Four Yugas put together is collectively known as one Maha

Yuga; the duration of which will be for 4320000 years.
Yuga Pralaya does not mean that dissolution will occur at the
end of each Yuga or era. It will happen at the end of every
Maha Yuga at the fag end of Kaliyuga in the quartet.
During Yuga Pralaya mainly life gets destroyed. We are

currently in the era of Kaliyuga and only 5116 years have
elapsed since the beginning of Kaliyuga.
What is Manvanthara Pralaya?
Manvanthara is a bigger sub-division of Time comprising of 71

Maha Yugas working out to 306.720 million human years. In
the Time of Lord Brahma, each day is ruled by 14 Manus’ and
each era of Manu is known as Manvanthara.
At the end of each Manvanthara there will be a Pralaya known

as Manvanthara Pralaya when, along with life, earth, space and
heaven also get destroyed.
33

What is Kalpa Pralaya?
Every day (day out of day and night) in the life of Lord Brahma
is known as Kalpa; the duration of which will be for a period of
1000 Maha Yugas or 432 crores of human years.
At the end of which there occurs a Pralaya known as Kalpa

Pralaya or Dina Pralaya; also known as Nymittika Pralaya. This
is held during the night time of Lord Brahma which is again
equal to one Kalpa. Naimittka Pralaya marks end of the living
world and new creation will be scripted by Lord Brahma.
What is Maha-Pralaya or Praakrutika Pralaya?
As per Vedamaana life span of Lord Brahma is reckoned as 100

years called Brahma Kalpa that is equivalent to 311.04 trillion
human years at the end of which there will be a great deluge
known as Maha Pralaya or Brahma Pralaya.
Also known as Praakrutika Pralaya it will destroy the entire

Universe (Brahmaanda) except Vaikunta, the abode of Lord Sri
ManNaaraayana.
34

Lord Maha Vishnu as Sankarshana is the presiding deity of
Praakrutika Pralaya the one who grasps all the movable and
immovable objects towards Him at the time of great deluge
destroying them while He himself remaining composed and
untainted as He is Achyuta.
At the time of Pralaya, Lord Vishnu (Sankarshana) resides in

Lord Rudra as antharyaami and performs the task of
destruction.
There will be water everywhere and only Lord Vishnu will

remain who is everlasting. At that time Lord Vishnu called
Shuunya naamaka ParamaAtma assumes the form of a small
child of gigantic size with his toe in the mouth and sucking the
toe and sleeps in Yoganidra on a leaf (Vatapathra) and is called
as Vatapathrasaaii.
Lakshmi Devi who is nitya-mukta, inseparable, forever united

with Lord Vishnu and who is ever at the service of Her consort
and Supreme God, assumes the form of Sri-Bhu-Durga. As per
the command of Lord VISHNU, SRI becomes the MAHA-
PRALAYODAKA [Dense Pralaya Water]; BHU becomes the
VATAPATRA [the celestial leaf of gigantic size] and DURGA
becomes the Tamas [ANDHAKAAR, darkness of PRALAYA] and
nothing remains.
After His yoga-nidra, He (Vishnu) assumes the form of Anantha

Padmanabha when the entire of universe of souls would take
refuge in Paramaatma who is Bhakta Vatsala, Parama Dayalu -
KshamaSamudra, BhaktaAparadha SaHishnu. He gives mukti
to the deserving souls and gives them higher placement in his
large Udara (navel) as per their yogyata, nitya (eternal)
35

samsari in the middle chamber of His navel and Tamo-yogya
(evil souls) in the lower chamber of His navel.
Then again, Bhagavantha with His leela starts fresh creation.

During this Pralaya vyaapaara, Paramaatma is called by
names/attributes like KaAla, Suunya, Sesha (the one and the
only one who ultimately remains), Kevala, BraMha etc.
In one of His best treatises "PratahkaAla Sankalpa Gadya" Sri

GuruRaAyaru (Mantralaya Sri Raghavendra Swamy) has
beautifully described about Mukti (Salvation); the process that
salvation bound souls undergo.
What are the symptoms of Maha Pralaya (Praakrutika

Pralaya)?
There will be severe draught for 100 human years;
36

Next 100 years there will be severe Sunshine of the capacity of
12 Aadityas’;
Next 100 years there will be non-stop heavy wind blow;
Next 100 years there will be heavy rain fall;
At the end of which entire universe gets submerged.
It is also known as Atyantika Pralaya.
Reckoning of the next Pralaya (Doomsday)
Universal repositioning takes place whenever celestial

splendors like Eclipses occur or planetary transits happen.
Astronomically lot of changes do takes place in the universe

and all such may not and need not lead to a dooms day.
While most of the non-Hindu cultures base their cosmologies

on familiar units such as few hundreds or thousands of years,
Hindu concept of time element based on Vedic scripts believes
in immeasurable period of time lasting billions and trillions of
years.
Nearest Pralaya (deluge/doomsday) will be only at the end of

the current era of Kaliyuga when the current Maha Yuga will be
complete, that is still 426878 years as per the arithmetic
Kaalaganana. It will be Yuga Pralaya after which new Maha
Yuga will start with Krutha Yuga.
Symptoms of Kaliyuga
(Sri Bhagavata PuranaAntargatha)
37

In the last Canto (12th) of the epic Sri Bhagavatha Purana
scripted by Lord & Sage Sri Vedavyasa more than 5000 years
ago, there is a list of predictions/ prophecies/symptoms about
the dark times for the present age of Kaliyuga.
They are amazing, so accurate and very much appropriate to

the present-day happenings across the world. They are as
follows…
Prediction #1
tatas canu-dinam dharmah satyam saucam ksama daya
kalena balina rajan nanksyaty ayur balam smrtih
(Srimad Bhagavatam 12.2.1)
Religion, truthfulness, cleanliness, tolerance, mercy, duration

of life, physical strength and memory will all diminish day by
day because of the powerful influence of the age of Kali.
Prediction #2
vittam eva kalau nrṇam janmacara-guṇodayaḥ
dharma-nyaya-vyavasthayam karaṇam balam eva hi
In Kali Yuga, wealth alone will be considered the sign of a

man's good birth, proper behaviour and fine qualities. And law
and justice will be applied only on the basis of one's power.
Prediction #3
dampatye bhirucir hetur mayaiva vyavaharike
stritve pumstve ca hi ratir vipratve sutram eva hi
38

Men and women will live together merely because of superficial

attraction, and success in business will depend on deceit.
Womanliness and manliness will be judged according to one's
expertise in sex, and a man will be known as a brahmana just
by his wearing a thread.
Prediction #4
lingam evasrama-khyatav anyonyapatti-karaṇam
avrttya nyaya-daurbalyam panditye capalam vacah
A person's spiritual position will be ascertained merely

according to external symbols, and on that same basis people
will change from one spiritual order to the next. A person's
propriety will be seriously questioned if he does not earn a
good living. And one who is very clever at juggling words will
be considered a learned scholar.
Prediction #5
anadhyataivasadhutve sadhutve dambha eva tu
svikara eva codvahe snanam eva prasadhanam
A person will be judged unholy if he does not have money, and

hypocrisy will be accepted as virtue. Marriage will be arranged
simply by verbal agreement, and a person will think he is fit to
appear in public if he has merely taken a bath.
Prediction #6
39

dure vary-ayanam tirtham lavanyam kesa-dharanam
udaram-bharata svarthah satyatve dharstyam eva hi
daksyam kutumba-bharanam yaso 'rthe dharma-sevanam
A sacred place will be taken to consist of no more than a

reservoir of water located at a distance, and beauty will be
thought to depend on one's hairstyle. Filling the belly will
become the goal of life, and one who is audacious will be
accepted as truthful. He who can maintain a family will be
regarded as an expert man, and the principles of religion will
be observed only for the sake of reputation.
Prediction #7
evam prajabhir dustabhir akirne ksiti-mandale
brahma-vit-ksatra-sudranam yo bali bhavita nrpah
As the earth thus becomes crowded with a corrupt population,

whoever among any of their social classes shows himself to be
the strongest will gain political power
Prediction #8
saka-mulamisa-ksaudra-phala-puspasti-bhojanah
anavrstya vinanksyanti durbhiksa-kara-piditah
Srimad Bhagavatam 12.2.9
40

Harassed by famine and excessive taxes, people will resort to
eating leaves, roots, flesh, wild honey, fruits, flowers and
seeds. Struck by drought, they will become completely ruined.
Prediction #9
sita-vatatapa-pravrd-himair anyonyatah prajah
ksut-trdbhyam vyadhibhis caiva santapsyante ca cintaya
Citizens will suffer greatly from cold, wind, heat, rain and
snow. They will be further tormented by quarrels, hunger,
thirst, disease and severe anxiety…
Prediction #10
trimsad vimsati varsani paramayuh kalau nrnam
The maximum duration of life for human beings in Kali Yuga

will become 50 years.
Prediction #11
na rakshishyanti manujah sthavirau pitarav api
Men will no longer protect their elderly parents…
Prediction #12
kalau kakinike py arthe vigrihya tyakta-sauhridah
tyakshyanti ca priyan pranan hanishyanti svakan api
41

In Kaliyuga men will develop hatred for each other even over a
few coins. Giving up all friendly relations, they will be ready to
lose their own lives and kill even their own relatives.
Prediction #13
sudrah pratigrahishyanti tapo-veshopajivinah
dharmam vakshyanty adharma-jna adhiruhyottamasanam
Uncultured men will accept charity on behalf of the Lord and

will earn their livelihood by making a show of austerity and
wearing a mendicant's dress. Those who know nothing about
religion will mount a high seat and presume to speak on
religious principles.
Prediction #14
patim tyakshyanti nirdravyam bhritya apy akhilottamam
bhrityam vipannam patayah kaulam gas capayasvinih
Servants will abandon a master who has lost his wealth, even if
that master is a saintly person of exemplary character. Masters
will abandon an incapacitated servant, even if that servant has
been in the family for generations. Cows will be abandoned or
killed when they stop giving milk.
Prediction #15
dasyutkrishta janapada vedah pashanda-dushitah
rajanas ca praja-bhakshah sisnodara-para dvijah
42

Cities will be dominated by thieves, the Vedas will be

contaminated by speculative interpretations of atheists,
political leaders will virtually consume the citizens, and the so-
called priests and intellectuals will be devotees of their bellies
and genitals.
Kali-Yuga known as Iron age or Black age will be 1/4th virtuous

and 3/4th of sin. There will be a gradual deterioration in terms
of Dharma (Virtue) as well as longevity of human beings. It
becomes progressively worse in terms of morality that will
have an impact on human actions.
REMEDY...
Despite all of these dark prophecies there is one good quality in
this age of Kaliyuga, that is…
kaler dosha-nidhe rajann asti hy eko maha gunah
kirtanad eva krishnasya mukta-sangah param vrajet;
Different means of liberation have been spelled out applicable

to each Yuga viz.
• Meditation (penance) in Kritha Yuga;

• Yajna in Tretha Yuga,
• Archana (worship) in Dwapara Yuga;
• whereas, in Kali Yuga only Naama Smarana;
(repetition/chanting of the divine name of Lord Sri Hari) has

been prescribed as the main means of liberation for the
mankind.
43

Although Kaliyuga is an ocean of faults, there is still one good
quality about this age: simply by chanting the names of Lord
Sri Krishna/ Lord Sri Rama/Sri Hari naama smarane, one can
become free from material bondage and be promoted to the
transcendental kingdom.
Since in Kali Yuga people will not have the required spiritual
strength and capability to perform and carry out rigorous
saadhana; NaAma Smarana has been prescribed to achieve the
required effect of liberation.
with proper Anusandhana...
• Sri RaAghavendra Theertha Guruvanthargatha;

• Sri Bhaaratheeramana Mukhyapraanaanthargatha;
• Sri KrushnaayaNamaha!
• Hari Sarvottama - Vaayu Jeevottama;
"Kaliyugadali Hari namava nenedare kulakotigalu

uddharisuvavu"... (Sri Purandara Dasaru)
➢ Kalau Venkatanaayaka...
Lord Venkateswara (Sreenivaasa) is the Presiding Deity of

Kaliyuga - Perceivable God - "Hare SreEnivaAsa"
Raajadhwaare Pattedhghorey Sangraamey Ripusankatey
Boothasarpapishaachaadhibhayam Naasti Kadhaachana||
[Sri Venkatesha Stothra (Brahmanda Purana) - Phalashruti]
Reciting Sri Venkatesha Stothra (Brahmanda Purana) daily

three times is a time tested remedy/rescue even in such
44

precarious conditions/situations as mentioned in the sloka by
the grace of the most compassionate God Srinivaasa;
Na vasudevabhaktaanaam-ashubham vidyate kvachit !

Janma-mrutyu-jaraa-vyaadhi-bhayam naivopajaayate !!
No ill-fate befalls on the devotees of the Supreme God

VaAsudeva and they will never have fear from birth; death; old
age and diseases;
Whenever one is in distress, troubled, dismal, depression,

shaken/broken, frightened, severe illness, in all such
situations/circumstances, one will be relieved from troubles,
misery, sorrow, if and if only one can chant/recite/spell the
glorious name of the Supreme God Narayana who is Achyuta-
Ananta-Govinda, and one will be happy and comfortable;
As long as one follows Hari Sarvottamatva - Vaayu

Jeevottamatva there is nothing to fear in any Yuga.
As long as one follows Sri Guru RaAyaru nothing to fear in

Kaliyuga. Only those who follow Mantralaya Guru
45

Saarvabhouma Sri Raghavendra Swamy will get anugraha from
Lord Lakshmi Narasimha.
Despite the Supreme God clearly spelling out the liberal mode
of saAdhana in Kaliyuga people resort to Anya-saAdhana
maarga and land in to problems.
eko vishhNur-mahadbhuutaM
pRithag-bhuutaanyanekashaH!
Trii.nlokaan-vyaapya bhuutaatmaa
bhu.nkte vishvabhug-avyayaH!!
Ancient Hindu scripts declare God as “Eko VisHnu

MaHadbHutah”
46

There is only one gigantic (mega) presence in the universe and
that is Lord Vishnu who is there everywhere.
Matchless and unparalleled in excellence Vishnu is the

primordial supreme God, the mega spirit, the one who
pervades the many, various and different objects of three
worlds of souls.
He is the one who grasps all movable and immovable objects in

the universe towards Him at the time of great de luge
destroying them while He (Lord Vishnu) remaining composed
and untainted;
He is the one who has infinite number of forms and He dwells

in the entire Universe; He is invincible; AcHyutA;
His glory is infinite. He is highly meritorious among the

meritorious. He is beyond description/comprehension;
He is the God of Gods the Supreme God, Maha VisHnu the Hari
Sarvottama; He is Anantha kalyaAna GUNA paripoorna -
nirdosHa - dosHadoora - the SuprEme and independent and
ultimate rEality – VashHAtkaAra.
'nAham kartA hariH kartA'
Sri Krushnaarpanamasthu
Hari SArvottama – Vaayu Jeevotama

Sri GuruRaajo Vijayate
Bhargavasarma (nirikhi krishna bhagavan) @

www.bhargavasarma.blogspot.com
https://www.facebook.com/bhagavanknl/
47

48

Hari SArvottama – VaAyu JeEvottama
for novice understanding @
https://www.facebook.com/bhagavanknl/
49


KAALA GANANA (Reckoning of TIME - Hindu Perspective)

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Arithmetic of

Composed & Published by bhargavasarma (Nirikhi Krishna Bhagavan) @ Hari Sarvottama –

Time is controlled by KaAlapurusha; the presiding Deity of

Composed & Published by bhargavasarma (Nirikhi Krishna Bhagavan) @ Hari Sarvottama –

Only Lord Vishnu is exceptional.

He is Kaalaatheetha the one who stays beyond Time and for

Time is reckoned as Lord Vishnu who is

KaalaAtma the soul of Time;

KaAla-Swaroopa; the form of Time > NaAraayana

Upanishad describes Lord Vishnu as the Time;

Time is arising out of Lord Sri ManNaaraayana.

In Bhagawadgita (Viswaroopadarshana Yoga) Lord Sri Krishna

Niyaamaka of the Universe;

the divine law maker and the law giver.

He is the great ruler; ordainer; governing lord and the

Niyaamaka means the one who governs; appoints; assigns;

Concealed in the word Niyaamaka is Niyama; meaning the

Composed & Published by bhargavasarma (Nirikhi Krishna Bhagavan) @ Hari Sarvottama –

Hindu sages describe time as cyclic and an endless process of

Sacred texts (Puranas) have conceived the Time or Kaala as

Hindu religion and philosophy which strongly believes in Vedas

Several sacred pouranic texts like, Bhaagavatha Purana, Vishnu

What modern scientists/astronomers have invented about Time

Composed & Published by bhargavasarma (Nirikhi Krishna Bhagavan) @ Hari Sarvottama –

rātriṁ yuga-sahasrāntāṁ te ’ho-rātra-vido janāḥ

Above sloka from Bhagawadgita defines a day of Lord Brahma

Each Maha Yuga having a duration of 43,20,000 human years.

The duration of half a day in the life of Lord Brahma that is

In terms of TIME (kAaLA), Kalpa means an Aeon,

With night of same duration,

a day (day + night) in the life of Lord Brahma is equal to 2

One day (Kalpa) of Brahma is also divided into 10000 parts

Each Maha Yuga consists of 10 charanas;

• Krita Yuga (4);

Composed & Published by bhargavasarma (Nirikhi Krishna Bhagavan) @ Hari Sarvottama –

Each Charana comprises of 432000 human years X 10000 =

A KALPA is further divided into 14 Manvantharas, each one

A Kalpa (day duration of Lord Brahma) consists of a period of

Thus, half a day (Kalpa) of Lord Brahma is equivalent to…

14 (Manvantharas) x 71 (Maha Yugas) = 994 Maha Yugas +

Sandhi Kala is arrived at as follows....

For 14 Manvantharas (14) sandhikala periods equivalent to the

Each KALPA is denoted by a unique name. These

Composed & Published by bhargavasarma (Nirikhi Krishna Bhagavan) @ Hari Sarvottama –

Swetha, Neela-lohita, Vamadeva, Rathanthara, Rourava, Deva,

According to Vaayu Purana a different list containing 34 names

Currently we are in Swetha Kalpa in which Lord Vishnu had

In general, KALPA is called as VedaAnga;

a limb of the Veda Purusha.

It is one of the six disciplines of Veda called Shat-Saasthras

It is an ancient science that involves one to carry out the

In terms of KALPA the duration of the life span of Lord Brahma

Composed & Published by bhargavasarma (Nirikhi Krishna Bhagavan) @ Hari Sarvottama –

Each day (Kalpa) of Lord Brahma is further divided into 14 sub-

List of Manvantharas’ are,

Composed & Published by bhargavasarma (Nirikhi Krishna Bhagavan) @ Hari Sarvottama –

Currently we are in the cycle of seventh (7th) Manu called

Each Manvanthara will have a set of Saptha Rishis and Indra

At the end of every Manvanthara there will be a Pralaya known

Duration of each Manvanthara will be for a period of 71 Maha