Intro To Philosophy g12
Intro To Philosophy g12
Intro-to-Philosophy- G12
Department of Education
Region IV-A - CALABARZON
Schools Division of Calamba City
SELF-LEARNING MODULE
GRADE 12
For DepEd Calamba City USE only. We Value your feedback and recommendations.
WEEK
1 I DOING PHILOSOPHY
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-H910KLJvkA
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5. Mark and Christine are classmates in Law school, and they are
given the task of writing a legal position about the constitutionality
of the new amendments in the civil procedure. Mark argues that
they have to write a position paper deductively, while Christine
argues that they have to present the paper inductively. Because
the two do not agree about the system of presentation or thinking,
they just decided to drink coffee and return to the said task right
after. This philosophical problem is called ___________________.
a. Axiology or Philosophy of Values
b. Philosophy of Mind
c. Logic
d. Metaphysics
D
This lesson describes the characteristics of the holistic
thinking approach of thinking. It will also help the learner to
determine how important the holistic thinking approach of thinking in
his/her daily living.
PICTURE A PICTURE B
2. For you, what are the advantages of seeing things in its entirety?
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What is Holism?
The concept of “whole as greater than the sum of its parts” has
ancient roots. But the term “holism” (more reasonably but less often
spelled ‘wholism’) as fully developed rarely appears in anyone’s
conversation except somewhat narrowly in that of the philosophers or
sociologists. It is a scholarly word that originated from the Greek
‘holos’, meaning ‘whole’. In its present context, as defined by General
Jan Christian Smuts (1870-1950), 4th Prime Minister of South Africa
and a British Commonwealth military leader, statesman and
philosopher conceived “holism” as “The tendency in nature to form
wholes that are greater than the sum of the parts through creative
evolution.” Smuts, arguing in the Holism and Evolution (1926) says:
“This factor, called Holism in the sequel, underlies the synthetic
tendency in the universe, and is the
principle which makes for the origin and progress of ‘wholes’ in the
universe. . . this whole-making or holistic tendency is fundamental,
that it has a well-marked ascertainable character, and that Evolution
is nothing but the gradual development of progressive series of
wholes, stretching from inorganic beginnings to the highest levels of
spiritual creation.”
Holism Today
E
Learning Task No.4: POEM INTERPRETATION. Read the poem
written by John Godfrey Saxe’s on the Indian legend of the Six
Blind Men and the Elephant and answer the following questions
right after. See rubrics for learning tasks for your guidance.
The fourth reached out his eager hand, and felt about
the knee:
'What most this wondrous beast is like, is mighty plain,'
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quoth he;
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The fifth, who chanced to touch the ear, Said; 'E'en the
blindest man
Downloaded by Michael Bingayan ([email protected])
lOMoARcPSD|11347752
can tell what this resembles most; Deny the fact who
can,
This marvel of an elephant, is very like a fan!'
- Brenda B. Corpuz
Questions:
1. What is the meaning of the phrase “might satisfy his mind” in the last
line of the first stanza of the poem?
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2. What do you think are the bases of the blind men in giving their
conclusions about the Elephant? Do these help them in giving the
right conclusion? Why?
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3. In the context of the poem, how does a holistic point of view differ
from a partial point of view?
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4. In the case the blind men, what do you think is the importance of
seeing things from a broad perspective?
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5. In the last stanza of the poem the author relates the story into a
dispute that was happening during his time, what do you think is the
problem he wants to convey? Do you think this poem offers a solution
to the problem he is referring to? How?
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Teodoro A. Agoncillo.
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A
Learning Task No. 6: CASE ANALYSIS. Read the following cases
below and determine if the problem presented in the scenario is
viewed holistically or partially. Explain your answer and provide
possible solutions that can solve the problem. See rubrics for
learning tasks for your guidance.
afford it.”
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pleasing to the
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eye.
References
BOOKS:
Agoncillo, T.A. (2012). The history of the Filipino people 8th
edition. Quezon City: C& E Publishing Corp.
Artigas, M. (2006). Philosophy: an introduction translated by Fr.
M. Guzman. Makati City: Sinag-tala Publishers Corpuz,
B.B., Ruben A.C., Maria Lovelyn C.P., Socrates, O.P., (2016).
Introduction to the philosophy of the human person
for senior high school. Quezon City: Lorimar
publishing, Inc.
Bauzon, P.T. (2012). Handbook in social philosophy (with
review materials in social philosophy of education for
LET) 2nd Edition. Mandaluyong City: National Book
Store.
Bernardo, J.P.V. (2016). Introduction to the philosophy of
the human person. Pasay City: JFS Publishing Services.
Copus, B.B. et al. (2016). Introduction to the philosophy of
the human person. Quezon City: Lorimar Pub.
Krapiec, M. I. (1985). I – man: an outline of philosophical
anthropology abridged version by Francis J. Lescoe and
Roger B. Duncan. New Britain: Mariel Publications.
Maboloc, C. R. (2016). Introduction to the philosophy of the
human person. Quezon City: The Inteligente Publishing
Inc.
Mercado, L.N. (1988). Applied Filipino philosophy. Tacloban
City: Divine Word University Publication.
Wallace, W.A. (1977). The elements of philosophy. New
York City: Society of St. Paul.
Ramos, C.C. (2016). Introduction to the philosophy of the
human person. Manila: Rex Publishing House
Socio, M.P.G. and Ignatius H.V. (2016). Introduction to the
philosophy of the human person. Quezon City: Vibal
Group Inc.
14
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JOURNALS:
Gaardner, J. (2007). A user manual for our planet. UNESCO:
the courier. No. 9 ISSN.
1993- 8616. 4 – 5.
ONLINE SOURCES:
http://sutterfield.weebly.com/uploads/1/2/6/8/12686139/discussi
on_questions_for_plato_cave.pdf
https://outre-monde.com/2010/09/25/platonic-myths-the-sun-
line-and-cave/
http://blogphilosophy2.blogspot.com/2007/11/phenomenology.h
tml
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WEEK
2
I Theory of Knowledge and Truth
Due to technological advancement, the flow of and access to
information in the world is fast and easy. With just some clicks on
computers, people can now gain new information. But some may be
guilty of not validating first the information we found on the web.
Some seldomly inquire if their knowledge of anything is valid and
true. If what we get on the internet is wrong, then what we know is
not regarded as knowledge. This pitfall of misinformation is possible
nowadays that is why it is important to always have things verified
first before believing them as true. This process of verification is vital
in the acquisition of true knowledge.
a. June 11
b. June 13
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c. June 14
d. June 12
D
THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE: Propositional Knowledge
The drills you performed a while ago contribute to the
awareness of the nature of knowledge. To dig deeper in and find
definitive answers to the intricacies of knowledge, here is a crash
course video on knowledge:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kXhJ3hHK9hQ
b. Assertion
c. Justification
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d. Belief
9. What do we call the situations in which one can have justified true
belief but not knowledge?
a. Prettier Cases
b. Attaché Cases
c. Gettier Cases
d. Givier Cases
10. Who proposed the Gettier Case of the sheep in the field?
a. Edmund Gettier
b. Roderick Chisholm
c. Rene Descartes
d. John Locke
Acquisition of Knowledge
The discussion on knowledge falls on the branch of philosophy we
call Epistemology which came from two Greek etymons, episteme and
logos that can be translated as “knowledge” and “word/principle/study.”
Deriving from these Greek terms, Epistemology is understood as the
philosophical inquiry on the theory of knowledge. This branch of
philosophy specifically includes the discussion on (1) the nature of
propositional knowledge which was shown in the video you saw a while
ago, (2) how we gain knowledge, and (3) the limits of human knowledge.
You already gained an understanding of the nature of
propositional knowledge as being justified true belief in the video that
you saw. This time, let us take a closer look at how philosophers
demonstrate the acquisition of knowledge.
In the history of philosophy, two schools of thought had an
enduring debate on the issue where knowledge comes from. They are
the Rationalists and the Empiricists.
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Rationalism Empiricism 21
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This rubric will serve as a guide for scoring your Venn Diagram.
Performance Very Needs Score
Outstanding Satisfactory
Areas Satisfactory Improvement
4 2
3 1
Concept Each section Each section of Each section Each section
Arrangement of the the diagram of the diagram of the diagram
diagram contains three contains two contains very
contains four facts easily facts that are few facts that
facts easily identified. somewhat are not easily
identified. identified. identified.
Primary The student Student The student Student
Source exhibits illustrates a displays a shows little or
Content mastery of firmer limited no
the material understanding understanding understanding
as evidenced of most of the of some of the topic.
by attention similarities and details on the There are a
to detail. differences subject few details.
brainstormed. matter.
Linking Reflects Most of the Reflects some Contains non-
Content factual information is factual factual
together information factual and information information
that seemingly and attempts that does not
corresponds corresponds to put it in the correspond to
with the with the corresponding the
appropriate appropriate section of the appropriate
section of the section of the diagram. section of the
diagram. diagram. diagram
E
THEORIES OF TRUTH
times its own height, we must look for a cat which can perform
such ability. The correspondence of the belief or statement to
reality should be established to prove its truthfulness.
2. John saw in the news that there is already an approved vaccine for
COVID-19.
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4. NASA is exploring Mars for the hope of terraforming it; thus, it can
be the second home of humans.
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5. Thomas said that he will only believe that the Lord has truly risen if
he can insert his fingers in His side.
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9. We call a baby goat a kid and its mother is called a doe or nanny.
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10. Data show that 91% of Filipinos wear face masks
when going outside of their homes.
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A
TRUTH AND OPINION
If truth is the conformity of the mind and the reality and it can be
proven through material proofs, can be supported by propositions, and
can have useful impact, opinion on the other hand only expresses a
belief, a feeling, idea, view, or judgment about someone or something.
Truth is objective while opinion is subjective.
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message. It is written.
pleasing to the
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eye.
References
ONLINE SOURCES:
https://iep.utm.edu/descarte/#H3
https://iep.utm.edu/gettier/
https://iep.utm.edu/locke/
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epistemology/
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/knowledge-analysis/#TrutCond
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/rationalism-empiricism/
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/rationalism-empiricism/#Empi
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/truth/
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/truth-pragmatic/
http://www.philosophypages.com/hy/4c.htm
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WEEK
Every day people are faced with almost the same question –
shall we stay our comfort zone or take another step forward and fight
inside the courage zone? Like our world is facing right now due to the
proliferation of the deadly virus – COVID – 19, everyone is called to
leave the past life and push forward as people are forced to embrace
the new normal. Indeed, what everyone experiences right now is
another story of the human race dealing with transcendence.
16 and up 1. 1.
2. 2.
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3. 3.
2. What are your strengths as a person? What are the possible things
or status that can reach or achieve in the future?
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3. What are the factors affecting your limitations? How about your
possibilities?
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4. 5 years from now, what are the things you can improve on?
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D D
Learning Task No 3. PICTURE ANALYSIS
characteristics of the body and the soul, the human body gets life, while
the soul gets its substance for existence since with the help of the body
the soul can exist in the real world. Hence, the body becomes a carrier
of the soul.
At the same time, Socrates takes the soul giving life to the body to
show that a creature’s death involves the continued existence of the soul
in question, which persists through a period of separation from the body,
and then returns to animate another body in a change which is the
counterpart of the previous change, dying. According to the last line of
argument that Socrates offers in the Phaedo, the soul is immortal
because it has life essentially, the way fire has heat essentially. It is plain
that both arguments apply to the souls of all living things, including
plants. And in the final argument, Socrates explicitly appeals to the idea
that it is the soul that animates the body of a living thing. Socrates
argues: What is it that, when present in a body, make it live? — A soul. In
such a way, the soul gives life to the body and that makes the body and
the soul dependent on each other but their striking difference reveals that
they are two different substances, which are just united in the body when
the soul gives life to it.
constant transit from potency and act. From a simple viewpoint, man is
always in the possibility of going higher from his present state. As much
E
Learning Task No. 4: VIDEO ANALYSIS. Watch the video clip below and
answer the following questions based on the philosophical teachings
discussed above. See rubrics for learning tasks for your guidance.
Title of Video: Allegory of the Cave
YouTube link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RWOpQXTltA
Questions:
3. If the liberated prisoner goes back into the cave and tries to
explain to his former fellow prisoners, what kind of reaction will
he get and why?
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Learning Task No. 5: VIDEO ANALYSIS. Watch the video about Hellen
Keller and discuss how did she transcend her situation. If you were given
a chance to talk to someone who is similarly situated with Hellen Keller,
how will you encourage the person using the principles discussed
above? See rubrics for learning tasks for your guidance.
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A
Learning Task No 6. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the
correct answer and write them in your notebook.
1. What is the main thinking of Augustine about the human body?
a. The human body is a source of knowledge.
b. The human body is the tool of the soul to reach its actuality.
c. The human body is the prison of the soul.
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2. What is the notion of Socrates about the nature of Body and Soul?
a. They are inseparable from each other.
b. They are distinct from each other.
c. They are contradicting principles from each other.
d. They are both sources of life.
2.
3.
4.
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5.
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3. Do you think your desired outcomes are fruitful and helpful to the
community? Why or why not?
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37
Page
pleasing to the
eye.
References
BOOKS:
Agoncillo, T.A. (2012). The history of the Filipino people 8th edition.
Quezon City: C& E Publishing Corp.
Artigas, M. (2006). Philosophy: an introduction translated by Fr. M.
Guzman. Makati City: Sinag-tala Publishers Corpuz,
B.B., Ruben A.C., Maria Lovelyn C.P., Socrates, O.P., (2016).
Introduction to the philosophy of the human person for
senior high school. Quezon City: Lorimar publishing, Inc.
Bauzon, P.T. (2012). Handbook in social philosophy (with review
materials in social philosophy of education for LET) 2nd
Edition. Mandaluyong City: National Book Store.
Bernardo, J.P.V. (2016). Introduction to the philosophy of the
human person. Pasay City: JFS Publishing Services.
Copus, B.B. et al. (2016). Introduction to the philosophy of
the human person. Quezon City: Lorimar Pub.
Krapiec, M. I. (1985). I – man: an outline of philosophical
anthropology abridged version by Francis J. Lescoe
and Roger B. Duncan. New Britain: Mariel Publications.
Maboloc, C. R. (2016). Introduction to the philosophy of the human
person. Quezon City: The Inteligente Publishing Inc.
Mercado, L.N. (1988). Applied Filipino philosophy. Tacloban City:
Divine Word University Publication.
Wallace, W.A. (1977). The elements of philosophy. New York City:
Society of St. Paul.
Ramos, C.C. (2016). Introduction to the philosophy of the
human person. Manila: Rex Publishing House
Socio, M.P.G. and Ignatius H.V. (2016). Introduction to the
philosophy of the human person. Quezon City: Vibal
Group Inc.
39
JOURNALS:
Page
ONLINE SOURCES:
http://sutterfield.weebly.com/uploads/1/2/6/8/12686139/discussion
_questions_for_plato_cave.pdf
https://outre-monde.com/2010/09/25/platonic-myths-the-sun-line-
and-cave/
http://blogphilosophy2.blogspot.com/2007/11/phenomenology.html
https://philonotes.com/index.php/2018/12/01/the-human-person-
as-an-embodied-spirit/
https://ses.edu/a-summary-of-act-potency/
WEEK
can all agree on the environment’s role in our lives, thus, spending
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2. ______________________________________________________
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3. ______________________________________________________
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man over nature. It can be seen in Genesis 1: 27–8: “God created man
in his image. And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be
fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have
dominion over fish of the sea, and over fowl of the air, and over every
living thing that moveth upon the earth.”
According to Lynn White, “Christianity bears a huge burden of guilt”
for nature because of the abuse that happened out of embodying this
absolute dominion over all the earth. But another thinker proposed a
solution to this Christian orientation in the person of Holmes Rolston III. For
him, man as the center of creation has given the task as stewards, thus, he
has the moral obligation to protect biodiversity. Failure to perform this
responsibility would amount to disrespecting God’s gift of creation.
Radical Theories on Environment
These theories appeal to man’s effort to cause drastic
development in the environment be it through self-realization, social
awareness, and gender approach.
a. Deep Ecology – the proponent of this movement is Arne Naess. He
argues that when a man chooses to separate himself from the
environment, it is when he leads himself to selfishness and abuse of
nature. This egoism can be combatted through the adoption of
relationalism where man does not only see himself as related to the
environment but he also sees himself as part of the wider
environment. In this sense, what humans do to the environment has
also impact to humanity. This deep understanding of the
inseparable connection of man and nature is the guide to how we
should conduct our actions to the environment.
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8. If a man is eaten by a lion, it is no big deal.
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9. Human beings own natural resources like lands. The land title is
proof of this.
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10. The trash of my neighbor is none of my business.
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E
Learning Task 4: CASE ANALYSIS: Based on your learning of
environmental ethics, analyze the case, and give recommendations for
remedy, development, and sustainability. Your essay should be of 300-
words or so and must be written in a separate sheet or be sent digitally.
Mining for minerals in the Navajo Nation began around the end of
World War I. The Carrizo Mountain area, about 30 miles west of
Shiprock, New Mexico, was rich in vanadium, an ore first mined in 1918
(Benally Sr., 1995). The mines where vanadium extraction was taking
place were also lined with a soft yellow metal ore that did not seem to
hold much potential. Little significance was attached to uranium in 1918,
it was simply stacked in bags in the mines and pushed to the side.
However, in just a few years, the demand for uranium would begin. No
one could have predicted the increase in demand that would take place
over the next 30 years.
In the early 1920s, the first uranium extraction began on the Navajo
nation, when the United States government opened it up to exploitation.
Wealthy companies with the ability to invest resources were allowed to
46
beauty is pervading and may appear through nature so there may be cases
that they afford the aesthetic experience. This is supported by Immanuel
Kant in his Critique of Judgment where he said that nature is an exemplary
object of aesthetic experience. He argued that natural beauty is superior to
that of art and it complements the best habits of mind.
Following the belief of Kant in the capacity of nature to afford
beauty, it is reasonable to suppose an aesthetic purpose of the
environment in man’s existence. This beauty we see in the environment
is one of the reasons why we are drawn to touring environmental sites
and landscaping. But here is where an argument arises. Our obsession
with beauty in nature inspires us to custom it. Some environmentalists
uphold that nature must be preserved as it is, that it is beautiful already
on its own. They are against the customization of nature to appeal to our
senses. For them, we have a moral obligation not to make nature only
objects of pleasure just to satisfy our craving for beauty.
Grammar
There are no There is 1 There are 2 There are more
grammatical grammatical grammatical than 2
mistakes on the mistake on the mistakes on grammatical
poster. poster. the poster. mistakes on the
poster.
A
Learning Task 6: CONCEPT ELABORATION. Interview your
household or an online interview with a friend about environmental
issues. Choose a topic below and prepare at least 5 questions about it.
1. Air Pollution
2. Water Pollution
3. Deforestation
4. Solid Wastes
5. Destruction of Ecosystem
6. Global Warming
7. Habitat Destruction
8. Extinction of Species
9. Radioactive and Toxic Wastes
10. Visual Pollution
relevant questions
Communication Communication Communication Communication
Delivery style, style, style,
grammar or grammar or grammar or
language was language was language was
inappropriate. often good, but appropriate.
Filler words were sometimes Filler words
used minimally. inappropriate. (um, like, uh,
Filler words were right, okay)
used moderately. were used too
frequently.
References
ONLINE SOURCES:
https://iep.utm.edu/envi-eth/
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-environmental/
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/environmental-aesthetics/
https://www.schooldrillers.com/anthropocentrism-in-environmental-
ethics/
https://simplicable.com/new/environmental-issues
http://www.umich.edu/~snre492/sdancy.html
JOURNALS:
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