Architectural Design in Software Engineering

3/18/2017 Architectural
Design in Software Engineering
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HOME TECHNOLOGY MOTIVATION ARTICLE DISCUSSION FORUM ABOUT US
Architectural Design in Software Engineering What Is SRS?List &
BY DINESH THAKUR
Describe Various
Characteristics Of An Website Developement
Requirements of the software should be transformed
SRS
into an architecture that describes the software's top Computer Fundamental
Prototyping Model In
level structure and identifies its components. This is Computer Networking
Software Engineering
accomplished through architectural design (also called
Structured Query (SQL)
Discuss In Detail
system design), which acts as a preliminary
Coupling And Cohesion Java Script
'blueprint' from which software can be developed.
IEEE defines architectural design as 'the process of What Is Feasibility HTML Language
defining a collection of hardware and software Study? Types Of

Cascading Style Sheet
components and their interfaces to establish the Feasibility. Explain
C Programming (Theory)
framework for the development of a computer system.' Feasibility Study
This framework is established by examining the C Programming (Pratical)
Process
software requirements document and designing a Explain Software Visual Basic
model for providing implementation details. These
Process & C++ Programming
details are used to specify the components of the
Characteristics Java Programming
system along with their inputs, outputs, functions, and
Spiral Model In
the interaction between them. An architectural design Java Servlet
performs the following functions. Java Server Pages
What Is Process Model?
1. It defines Computer Graphics
Explain Waterfall
an
Model Along With Its Electronic Commerce
abstraction
Limitations
level at Management (MIS)
which the What Are Various

Data Structures
designers Software Engineering
can specify Problems? Explain
the What Is Structural Digital Electronics
functional Testing? Explain Any C# Programming
Database System
http://ecomputernotes.com/softwareengineering/architecturaldesign 1/11
3/18/2017 Architectural Design in Software Engineering
and performance behaviour of the system. Two Techniques Used Struts 2 Tutorial
2. It acts as a guideline for enhancing the system In It

PHP (Hypertext
(when ever required) by describing those features of Explain Software Preprocessor)
Troubleshooting
the system that can be modified easily without Configuration
How to
affecting the system integrity. Management Process
python
3. It evaluates all toplevel designs. Differentiate Between
Error, Fault And AngularJS Tutorial
Failure Compiler Design

4. It develops and documents toplevel design for the
Software Engineering ‐
external and internal interfaces.
What Is Software
5. It develops preliminary versions of user
Engineering? Write
documentation.
Basic Objective And
6. It defines and documents preliminary test
Need For Software
requirements and the schedule for software
Engineering
integration.
List & Explain Various
7. The sources of architectural design are listed below.
Components Of An SRS
8. Information regarding the application domain for Software Myths : What
the software to be developed
Is Software Myth In
9. Using dataflow diagrams Software Engineering.
10. Availability of architectural patterns and Describe Difference
architectural styles. Between Top‐Down &
Architectural design is of crucial importance in Bottom Up Coding
software engineering during which the essential Techniques For
requirements like reliability, cost, and performance are Programming
dealt with. This task is cumbersome as the software Discuss The Different
engineering paradigm is shifting from monolithic, Levels Of Testing
standalone, builtfromscratch systems to
What Is Functional
componentized, evolvable, standardsbased, and
Testing? What Are The
product lineoriented systems. Also, a key challenge for
Different Techniques
designers is to know precisely how to proceed from
Used In It
requirements to architectural design. To avoid these
problems, designers adopt strategies such as What Is A Test Plan?
reusability, componentization, platformbased, What Should A Test
standardsbased, and so on. Plan Include
Though the architectural design is the responsibility of When Is Cost
developers, some other people like user Estimation Done?
representatives, systems engineers, hardware Discuss The COCOMO

engineers, and operations personnel are also involved. Model Along With The
All these stakeholders must also be consulted while Parameters Defined In
reviewing the architectural design in order to minimize It
the risks and errors. Write And Explain
Architectural Design Representation Software Development
Architectural design can be represented using the Phases
following models. Differentiate Between
Top Down And Bottom

UP Approaches
1. Structural model: Illustrates architecture as an
Differentiate Between
ordered collection of program components
Process, Project And
2. Dynamic model: Specifies the behavioral aspect Products
of the software architecture and indicates how the Types Of Software
structure or system configuration changes as the Maintenance
function changes due to change in the external Rapid Application
environment Development (RAD)
3. Process model: Focuses on the design of the Model And Its
business or technical process, which must be Advantages And

implemented in the system Disadvantages Of RAD
Model
4. Functional model: Represents the functional
Requirements Analysis
hierarchy of a system
In Software
5. Framework model: Attempts to identify
Engineering
repeatable architectural design patterns encountered
What Is Exhaustive
in similar types of application. This leads to an
Testing
increase in the level of abstraction.
What Is Build And Fix
Architectural Design Output Model Or Ad Hoc
The architectural design process results in an Model? And Explaini Its
Architectural Design Document (ADD). This Advantages And
document consists of a number of graphical Disadvantages
representations thatcomprises software models along What Is Risk
with associated descriptive text. The softwaremodels Management? Give
include static model, interface model, relationship Brief Ideas For Risk
model, and dynamic processmodel. They show how the
Assessment And
system is organized into a process at runtime.
Control
Architectural design document gives the developers a
What Are Test Case
solution to the problem stated in the Software
Specifications
Requirements Specification (SRS). Note that it
considers only those requirements in detail that affect
the program structure. In addition to ADD, other Explain Software
outputs of the architectural design are listed below. Components
Applications
1. Various reports including audit report, progress
report, and configuration status accounts report Explain Various DESIGN
TECHNIQUES
2. Various plans for detailed design phase, which
Incremental Model Or
include the following
Iterative Enhancement
3. Software verification and validation plan Model In Software
4. Software configuration management plan
Engineering
What Are The
5. Software quality assurance plan
Different Methods
6. Software project management plan. Used For Monitoring A
Project
Architectural Styles
Discuss The Objectives
Architectural styles define a group of interlinked Of The Design Phase
systems that share structural and semantic properties. Discuss Briefly The

In short, the objective of using architectural styles is to Validation Of SRS
establish a structure for all the components present in What Do You Mean By
a system. If an existing architecture is to be re Structured Analysis.
engineered, then imposition of an architectural style What Is Quality
results in fundamental changes in the structure of the
Assurance Plans?
system. This change also includes reassignment of the
Discuss The Different
functionality performed by the components.
Approaches Used
By applying certain constraints on the design space, we What Is Formal
can make different stylespecific analysis from an
Methods Model?
architectural style. In addition, if conventional
Advantages And
structures are used for an architectural style, the other
Disadvantages Of
stakeholders can easily understand the organization of
Formal Methods Model
the system.
What Do You Mean By
A computerbased system (software is part of this
Staffing
system) exhibits one of the many available
What Is Software
architectural styles. Every architectural style describes
a system category that includes the following. Requirements
Specification? Explain
1. Computational components such as clients, server,
Structure And
filter, and database to execute the desired system
Characteristics Of SRS.
function
What Are The
Matrices,
2. A set of connectors such as procedure call, events Measurements And
broadcast, database protocols, and pipes to provide Models Of Project
communication among the computational Management Process
components Discuss Briefly Test

Cases And Test
3. Constraints to define integration of components to
Criteria
form a system
Explain Classical Life
4. A semantic model, which enable the software Cycle Model Or Linear
designer to identify the characteristics of the system
Sequential Model
as a whole by studying the characteristics of its
Principles Of Software
components.
Design & Concepts In
Some of the commonly used architectural styles are Software Engineering
dataflow architecture, object oriented architecture, Explain Object
layered system architecture, datacentered Oriented Analysis And
architecture, and call and return architecture. Note Dsign Tools
that the use of an appropriate architectural style
What Is Black Box
promotes design reuse, leads to code reuse, and
Testing
supports interoperability.
Classification Of
Dataflow Architecture
Software Metrics In
Dataflow architecture is mainly used in the systems Software Engineering
that accept some inputs and transform it into the Architectural Design In
desired outputs by applying a series of
transformations. Each component, known as filter,
Write Different
transforms the data and sends this transformed data to
Software Quality
other filters for further processing using the connector,
Factors
known as pipe. Each filter works as an independent
Time Boxing Model In
entity, that is, it is not concerned with the filter which
is producing or consuming the data. A pipe is a Software Engineering
unidirectional channel which transports the data What Are The
received on one end to the other end. It does not Different Verification
change the data in anyway; it merely supplies the data Methods Used For
to the filter on the receiver end. Detailed Design
What Do You Mean By
Process Improvement
And Maturity. Explain
The CMM Model
Software Crisis In
Explain Various Phases

Of Process
Management
What Are Requirement
Reviews
Software Testing
Techniques
Write A Note On
Software Design
Phases
What Is V‐Model ?
Most of the times, the dataflow architecture Advantages And
degenerates a batch sequential system. In this system, Disadvantages Of V
a batch of data is accepted as input and then a series of Model.
sequential filters are applied to transform this data. What Are Function
One common example of this architecture is UNIX
Points? How Are They
shell programs. In these programs, UNIX processes act
Computed? Explain
as filters and the file system through which UNIX
What Is Mutation
processes interact, act as pipes. Other wellknown
Testing
examples of this architecture are compilers, signal
What Is Software?
processing systems, parallel programming, functional
programming, and distributed systems. Some Characteristics And
advantages associated with the dataflow architecture Classification Of
are listed below. Software.
Debugging In Software
1. It supports reusability.
Testing
2. It is maintainable and modifiable.
What Are Various
3. It supports concurrent execution. Types Of Errors That

Occur In SRS
4. Some disadvantages associated with the dataflow
architecture are listed below.
Phases
5. It often degenerates to batch sequential system.
Definition Of Software
6. It does not provide enough support for applications Engineering And
requires user interaction. Software Engineering

Layers
7. It is difficult to synchronize two different but related
Explain Various
streams.
Programming Practices
Objectoriented Architecture Used In Coding. What
In objectoriented architectural style, components of a Is Meant By
system encapsulate data and operations, which are Information Hiding
applied to manipulate the data. In this style, What Is The
components are represented as objects and they Psychology Of Testing
interact with each other through methods Write Major Problems
(connectors). This architectural style has two
In System (Software)
important characteristics, which are listed below.
Development
1. Objects maintain the integrity of the system. Write A Short Note On
2. An object is not aware of the representation of other
Project Control
objects. Termination Analysis

Write Down Various
3. Some of the advantages associated with the object
Software Problems
oriented architecture are listed below.
What Is Design
4. It allows designers to decompose a problem into a Review? How
collection of independent objects. Automated Cross‐
5. The implementation detail of objects is hidden from Checking Determines
each other and hence, they can be changed without Review Of System
affecting other objects. What Is Software

Requirement? Types
Layered Architecture
Of Requirements.
In layered architecture, several layers (components)
What Is Static Analysis?
are defined with each layer performing a welldefined
How Is It Performed?
set of operations. These layers are arranged in a
What Are Its Uses
hierarchical manner, each one built upon the one
Component‐Level
below it. Each layer provides a set of services to the
layer above it and acts as a client to the layer below it. Design In Software
The interaction between layers is provided through Engineering
protocols (connectors) that define a set of rules to be What Are The
followed during interaction. One common example of Different Techniques
this architectural style is OSIISO (Open Systems Used For Proving The
InterconnectionInternational Organization for Correctness Of A
Standardization) communication system. Program
Levels Of Software
Testing
Software Testing
Strategies ‐ Types Of
Software Testing
Strategies
Coding Documentation
In Software
Engineering
Software Process
Assessment
What Do You Mean By
Knot Count
Write Management
Approaches In
What Are The
Different Methods
Used To Specify The
Datacentered Architecture
Modules In Detailed
A datacentered architecture has two distinct Design
components: a central data structure or data store Criteria For Selecting
(central repository) and a collection of client
Software Process
software. The datastore (for example, a database or a
Models
file) represents the current state of the data andthe
Software Metrics In
client software performs several operations like add,
delete, update, etc., onthe data stored in the data store.
What Are Test Oracles
In some cases, the data storeallows the client software
to access the data independent of any changes or What Are The
theactions of other client software. Different Approaches

Used For The
In this architectural style, new components
corresponding to clients can be added and existing Verification Of A
components can be modified easily without taking into Design Document
account other clients. This is because client Programming Practices

components operate independently of one another. With Top‐Down,
A variation of this architectural style is blackboard Bottom‐Up, Structured
system in which the data store is transformed into a Programming, And
blackboard that notifies the client software when the Information Hiding
data (of their interest) changes. In addition, the Software Testing –
information can be transferred among the clients What Is Software
through the blackboard component. Testing?
Some advantages of the datacentered architecture are Characteristics Of
listed below. Software Test.
1. Clients operate independently of one another.
2. Data repository is independent of the clients. Software Maintenance

Life Cycle
3. It adds scalability (that is, new clients can be added
Write Role Of
easily).
Management
4. It supports modifiability. Code Verification
5. It achieves data integration in componentbased Techniques In
development using blackboard. Software Engineering

Requirements

Validation In Software
Engineering
Emergence Of
Software Maintenance
Models
Apart From
Requirement Reviews
What Are The Other
Methods Used For The
Validation Of SRS
Software Maintenance
In Software
Engineering
Object‐Oriented
Call and Return Architecture
Testing
A call and return architecture enables software Software Process And
designers to achieve a program structure, which can be
Life Cycle
easily modified. This style consists of the following two
Project Planning In
substyles.
1. Main program/subprogram architecture: In Software Design
this, function is decomposed into a control hierarchy Reviews In Software
where the main program invokes a number of Engineering
program components, which in turn may invoke other
Coding Guidelines In
components.
Software Design
Documentation (SDD)
Challenges
Requirements
Management Process
In Software
Engineering
Data Design In
Quantitative Process
Management (QPM)
Measuring Software
1. Remote procedure call architecture: In this, Quality In Software
components of the main or subprogram architecture Engineering
are distributed over a network across multiple Coding Methodology In

computers. Software Engineering
Test Plan | Software
Testing
Techniques For
Maintenance
Tools For Software
Maintenance
Software
Requirements
Engineering Tools
Analysis Patterns In
Object Oriented
Metrics In Software
Engineering
Test Case Design |
Software Testing
Software Testing Tools
Requirements
Elicitation Or
Requirements Capture
Or Requirements
Acquisition
Features Of Software
Code In Software
Engineering
Designing Software
Metrics In Software
Engineering
Organization Process
Definition (OPD)
Software Measurement
In Software
Engineering
Issues In Software
Metrics
Technology Change
Management (TCM)
Responsibilities Of
Software Project
Manager
Process Change
Management (PCM)
What Is Bottom‐Up
Design?
Coding Tools In
Organization Process
Focus (OPF)
Connect Us On FaceBook and Google+
Dinesh Thakur is a Technology Columinist and founder of Computer Notes and Technology Motivation. Mail Me At (@Computer
Notes)

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3/18/2017 Architectural

HOME TECHNOLOGY MOTIVATION ARTICLE DISCUSSION FORUM ABOUT US

Architectural Design in Software Engineering What Is SRS?List &

defining a collection of hardware and software Study? Types Of

which the What Are Various

functional Testing? Explain Any C# Programming

and performance behaviour of the system. Two Techniques Used Struts 2 Tutorial

2. It acts as a guideline for enhancing the system In It

Failure Compiler Design

reusability, componentization, platform­based, What Should A Test

standards­based, and so on. Plan Include

Though the architectural design is the responsibility of When Is Cost

developers, some other people like user Estimation Done?

representatives, systems engineers, hardware Discuss The COCOMO

Architectural design can be represented using the Phases

following models. Differentiate Between

Top Down And Bottom

business or technical process, which must be Advantages And

Architectural styles define a group of interlinked Of The Design Phase

systems that share structural and semantic properties. Discuss Briefly The

broadcast, database protocols, and pipes to provide Models Of Project

communication among the computational Management Process

components Discuss Briefly Test

unidirectional channel which transports the data What Are The

Explain Various Phases

advantages associated with the data­flow architecture Classification Of

3. It supports concurrent execution. Types Of Errors That

6. It does not provide enough support for applications Engineering And

requires user interaction. Software Engineering

objects. Termination Analysis

5. The implementation detail of objects is hidden from Checking Determines

affecting other objects. What Is Software

The interaction between layers is provided through Engineering

theactions of other client software. Different Approaches

components can be modified easily without taking into Design Document

account other clients. This is because client Programming Practices

A variation of this architectural style is blackboard Bottom‐Up, Structured

2. Data repository is independent of the clients. Software Maintenance

5. It achieves data integration in component­based Techniques In

development using blackboard. Software Engineering

1. Remote procedure call architecture: In this, Quality In Software

components of the main or subprogram architecture Engineering

are distributed over a network across multiple Coding Methodology In

Connect Us On FaceBook and Google+

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reusability, componentization, platformbased, What Should A Test

standardsbased, and so on. Plan Include

advantages associated with the dataflow architecture Classification Of

5. It achieves data integration in componentbased Techniques In