Unit 12 Word Wall - Psychological Disorders

Unit 12
psychological disorder
A syndrome marked by a clinically significant
disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion
regulation, or behavior.
medical model
The concept that diseases, in this case
psychological disorders, have physical causes that can
be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often
through treatment in a hospital.
DSM-5
The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used
system for classifying psychological disorders.
attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD)
A psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of
one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention,
hyperactivity, and
impulsivity.
anxiety
disorders
Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent
anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.
generalized anxiety disorder
An anxiety disorder
in which a person is
continually tense,
apprehensive, and in
a state of autonomic
nervous system
arousal.
panic disorder
An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long
episodes of intense dread in which a person
experiences terror and accompanying chest
pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.
Often followed by worry over a possible next
attack.
phobia
An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and
avoidance of a specific object,
activity, or situation.
agoraphobia
Fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or

wide-open places, where one has felt loss of control
and panic.
social anxiety disorder

Intense fear of social situations, leading to avoidance of such.
(Formerly called social phobia.)
rumination
Compulsive fretting; overthinking about our
problems and their causes.
obsessive-compulsive
disorder
(OCD)
A disorder
characterized by
unwanted repetitive
thoughts (obsessions)
and/or actions
(compulsions).
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
A disorder characterized by haunting

memories, nightmares, social withdrawal,
jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or
insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more
after a traumatic experience.
posttraumatic growth
Positive psychological changes as a
result of struggling with extremely
challenging circumstances and life
crises.
mood
disorders
Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. See
major depressive disorder, mania, and bipolar disorder.
major
depressive
disorder
A mood disorder in which a
person experiences, in the
absence of drugs or another
medical condition, two or more
weeks with five or more
symptoms, at least one of which
must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or
pleasure.
bipolar disorder
A disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness
and lethargy of depression and
the over-excited state of
mania.
mania
A distinct period of
abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood
in which majority of the following symptoms occur: inflated self-
esteem or grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, more talkative
than usual, flight of ideas or the feeling that thoughts are racing,
and distractibility.
schizophrenia
A psychological disorder characterized by delusions,
hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or
diminished or inappropriate emotional
expression.
psychosis
A psychological disorder in which a
person loses contact with reality,
experiencing irrational ideas and
distorted perceptions.
delusions
False beliefs, often of persecution or
grandeur, that may accompany psychotic
disorders.
hallucinations
False sensory experiences, such as seeing
something in the absence of an external
visual stimulus.
somatic symptom disorder
A psychological disorder in which the symptoms
take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent
physical cause.
conversion
disorder
A psychological disorder in which physical
symptoms result in the loss of functioning not
due to physical causes. (Also called functional
neurological symptom disorder.)
illness anxiety disorder

A disorder in which a person interprets normal
physical sensations as symptoms of a disease.
dissociative disorders
Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated
(dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.
dissociative identity
disorder (DID)
A rare dissociative disorder in which a
person exhibits two or more distinct
and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality
disorder.
anorexia nervosa
An eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent
female) maintain a starvation diet despite
being significantly (15 percent or more)
underweight.
bulimia nervosa
An eating disorder in which a person alternates
binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) with
purging (by vomiting or laxative use) or fasting.
binge-eating disorder
Significant binge-eating episodes,
followed by distress, disgust, or guilt,
but without the compensatory purging
or fasting that marks bulimia nervosa.
personality
disorders
Psychological disorders
characterized by inflexible and
enduring behavior patterns that
impair social functioning.
antisocial personality disorder
A personality disorder in
which a person (usually a
man) exhibits a lack of
conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family
members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.

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Unit 12

Fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or

social anxiety disorder

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A disorder characterized by haunting

illness anxiety disorder

antisocial personality disorder

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