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Ad maiorem Dei gloriam.

GRACE ANN Q. BAJO
TIMOTHY JACOB J. PALAFOX
20 21 C H AI R PE R S O N S
KATHLEEN KAE Z. ENDOZO MEG V. BUENSALIDO

ARISTEO RAPHAEL T. MARBELLA III MARIE KAYLA C. GALIT
20 21 AD MI NI ST R A TI V E CO M MI T TE E HE A D S 20 21 A C AD E MI C C O M MI T TE E HE AD S
CARLOS ROSAURO N. MANALO

MA. CRISTINA ASUNCION
20 21 A C AD E MI C C O M MI T TE E U N D E R ST U D I E S
JUDGE OSCAR B. PIMENTEL

ATTY. AXEL M. CRUZ
ATTY. ALDRICH FITZ U. DY
ATTY. RONALD C. CHUA
20 21 C R I MI N AL L AW F AC U LT Y AD V I SE R S
ERIN CANDICE CANCEKO PATRICIA RAMOS

KATHLEEN KAE ENDOZO CHRISTINA FRANCES DYCHIOCO
DOROTHY SAPPHIRINE HADITH DULNOAN CATHERINE NICOLE MANUEL
20 21 C R I MI N AL L AW SU BJE C T HE AD S 20 21 C R I MI N AL L AW U ND E R STU D I E S
RACHEL LEIGH COLLADO ANGELICA OIDEM AIMIEL MARIAN REYES

MARC ANGELO GUIBONE CRISTOFFER NUNAG JONATHAN TORRES
PATRICIA JOY IGNACIO RAYMIELLE MAGCALAS JETHRO VERA CRUZ
CAMILLE BULATAO SAMANTHA ROSE MORALES ISABELLA SABIO
CARLO ALIVIA ANA SAMANTHA ISABELA PARUNGAO VERA DE VERA
20 21 C R I MI N AL L AW V OLU N TE E R S
JONATHAN DF. TORRES
GAEL PAULINE R. MORALES
RIA ALEXANDRA D. CASTILLO
NICOLE ANN C. PAGLICAWAN
JULIANNE BEATRICE N. ROSARIO
20 21 C R E ATI V E S
JOSEPH BILL P. QUINTOS STEFI MONIKA S. SUERO

SAMANTHA J. MAGAOAY KATHLEEN C. ROMINA
FREEDOM JUSTIN B. HERNANDEZ SERMAE ANGELA G. PASCUAL
20 21 TE C H NI CA L 2 02 1 FI N AN CE
AINA RAE L. CORTEZ CHRISTIAN GIO R. SENARLO

LUMINA ALINEA O. AQUINO MAEDEN M. BORCELANGO
ANNA MARIE GRACE M. ANTONIO IMI LIZA B. ESPINA
MARY STEPHANIE CABRERA CRUZ FRANCIS SABIN BELTRAN
CLARISSE MAE D. ZAPLAN ANTHONY JEFFERSON Y. JULIO
20 21 S PE CI AL P R OJ E C TS 20 21 LO GI STI C S
DONN MARIE ISABELLE BALINA MELISSA GABRIELLE P. REMULLA

ALISHA BEATRICE A. VERGARA GRACIELLA RACHEL D. ROBLES
PRISHA LEIGH D. CRUZ DANELLA DIANE D. DIMAPILIS
ALITHEA C. SORIANO REYNALDO M. REVECHE
AARON C. CHENG CZAREANA JOUSCH T. PARRA
20 21 M AR K E TI N G 20 21 PU BLI C R E L A TI ON S
JUSTIN LUIGI V. HERNANDEZ
20 2 0 C HAI RP E R SO N
YVES PETER CARLO D. MEDINA THERESE ANNE C. ESPINOSA

KATRINA ISABELLE G. PIMENTEL HAZEL VIANCA I. ORTEGA
GENICA GALE F. LAHOZ VINCE ZYRENCE T. BARLONGAY
20 2 0 AD MI NI S TR ATI V E CO M MI T TE E HE A D S 20 2 0 HO TE L C O M MI TTE E HE A D S
EUNICE A. MALAYO MEG V. BUENSALIDO

FRANCES CHRISTINE P. SAYSON MARIE KAYLA C. GALIT
20 2 0 A CAD E MI C CO M MI T TE E HE AD S 2 02 0 A CA D E M I C CO M MIT T E E U N D E R S T U DI E S
JUDGE OSCAR B. PIMENTEL

JUDGE JOHN BOOMSRI S. RODOLFO
ATTY. JAIME G. HOFILEÑA
ATTY. ALDRICH FITZ U. DY
ATTY. RONALD C. CHUA
20 2 0 CR I MI NA L L A W F A CU L TY A D V I S E RS
TRISHA FEJJ MAE EGUIA ERIN CANDICE CANCEKO

PATRICK ANTHONY CALDO KATHLEEN KAE ENDOZO
PATRICIA LORENZA GUTIERREZ DOROTHY SAPPHIRINE HADITH DULNOAN
20 2 0 CR I MI NA L L A W SU BJE CT HE AD S 20 2 0 CR I MI NA L L A W U ND E RS TU D I E S
JANEL NATHALIE CO CHRISTINE ANGELIQUE DESCALLAR DALZEL JOB ERAP

WILFREDO REYES JR. GRACELLE TREASURE SAMSON CEDRIC SEVERINO
JON ERICSON LEDESMA JENWIN ELLA BACCAY REYMARK SIMBULAN
HAROLD BRYANT PASION JOSHUA ANDREW KYLE SEE
20 2 0 CR I MI NA L L A W V OLU NTE E R S
ATENEO CENTRAL
BAR OPERATIONS 2020/21 CRIMINAL LAW
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. PRINCIPLES OF CRIMINAL LAW............................................................................................................... 1
A. GENERAL PRINCIPLES ........................................................................................................................ 1

I. MALA IN SE AND MALA PROHIBITA ...................................................................................................... 2
II. SCOPE OF APPLICATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF PHILIPPINE CRIMINAL LAW................................ 3
III. PRO-REO PRINCIPLE .............................................................................................................................. 5
IV. INTERPRETATION OF PENAL LAWS ....................................................................................................... 5
V. RETROACTIVE EFFECT OF PENAL LAWS ................................................................................................ 5
B. FELONIES .......................................................................................................................................... 5
I. CRIMINAL LIABILITIES ........................................................................................................................... 5
II. CIRCUMSTANCES AFFECTING CRIMINAL LIABILITY............................................................................. 20
III. PERSONS LIABLE AND DEGREE OF PARTICIPATION ............................................................................ 58
IV. PENALTIES ........................................................................................................................................... 72
V. EXECUTION AND SERVICE ................................................................................................................... 81
VI. EXTINCTION OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY .................................................................................................. 82
VII. CIVIL LIABILITIES IN CRIMINAL CASES ................................................................................................. 85
II. CRIMES UNDER THE REVISED PENAL CODE .......................................................................................... 88
A. CRIMES AGAINST NATIONAL SECURITY AND THE LAWS OF NATIONS ................................................ 88

B. CRIMES AGAINST THE FUNDAMENTAL LAWS OF THE STATE ............................................................. 98
C. CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC ORDER ................................................................................................... 107
D. CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC INTEREST ............................................................................................... 126
E. CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC MORALS ................................................................................................. 140
F. CRIMES COMMITTED BY PUBLIC OFFICERS ..................................................................................... 143
G. CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS ........................................................................................................... 161
H. CRIMES AGAINST PERSONAL LIBERTY AND SECURITY ..................................................................... 178
I. CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY .......................................................................................................... 191
J. CRIMES AGAINST CHASTITY ........................................................................................................... 217
K. CRIMES AGAINST CIVIL STATUS OF PERSONS ................................................................................. 226
L. CRIMES AGAINST HONOR .............................................................................................................. 230
M. QUASI-OFFENSES ......................................................................................................................... 238
III. SPECIAL PENAL LAWS ...................................................................................................................... 242
A. NEW ANTI-CARNAPPING ACT OF 2016 ........................................................................................... 242

I. ELEMENTS ......................................................................................................................................... 242
II. PUNISHABLE ACTS ............................................................................................................................ 242
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III. AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES RESULTING TO DENIAL OF BAIL .................................................. 243

IV. OTHER RELEVANT RULES .................................................................................................................. 243
B. ANTI-ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION LINES/MATERIALS PILFERAGE ACT OF 1994 (RA 7832)
244
I. PUNISHABLE ACTS ............................................................................................................................ 244
II. PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF PUNISHABLE ACTS ................................................................................ 245
III. DISCONNECTION OF ELECTRIC SERVICE ........................................................................................... 246
IV. PENALTIES ......................................................................................................................................... 247
C. FISHERIES CODE (RA 8550, AS AMENDED BY RA 10654) .................................................................. 248
D. ANTI-FENCING LAW OF 1979 ......................................................................................................... 253
I. DEFINITION OF TERMS...................................................................................................................... 253
II. ELEMENTS ......................................................................................................................................... 253
III. PENALTIES ......................................................................................................................................... 253
IV. LIABILITY OF OFFICIALS OF JURIDICAL PERSONS .............................................................................. 253
V. PRESUMPTION OF FENCING; EXCEPTION ......................................................................................... 253
VI. OTHER RELEVANT RULES .................................................................................................................. 254
E. BOUNCING CHECKS LAW (BP 22).................................................................................................... 255
II. EVIDENCE OF KNOWLEDGE OF INSUFFICIENT FUNDS ...................................................................... 255
III. DUTY OF DRAWEE............................................................................................................................. 255
IV. DEFENSES AGAINST BP 22 ................................................................................................................ 256
V. ESTAFA UNDER BP 22 VS. ESTAFA UNDER RPC................................................................................. 256
F. SWINDLING BY SYNDICATE (PD 1689) ............................................................................................ 258
I. ELEMENTS ......................................................................................................................................... 258
II. OTHER RELEVANT RULES .................................................................................................................. 258
G. MIGRANT WORKERS AND OVERSEAS FILIPINOS ACT OF 1995 (RA 8042 AS AMENDED BY RA 10022) 259
II. ACTS INCLUDED IN ILLEGAL RECRUITMENT...................................................................................... 260
III. PROHIBITED ACTS ............................................................................................................................. 260
IV. PENALTIES ......................................................................................................................................... 261
V. PRESCRIPTION................................................................................................................................... 261
H. ANTI-ILLEGAL NUMBERS GAMES LAW (PD 1602, AS AMENDED BY RA 9287) ................................... 262
II. PERSONS LIABLE ............................................................................................................................... 262
III. POSSESSION OF GAMBLING PARAPHERNALIA AS PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE ..................................... 263
IV. INF ME E A D ...................................................................................................................... 263
V. OTHER RELEVANT RULES .................................................................................................................. 263
I. COMPREHENSIVE FIREARMS AND AMMUNITION REGULATION ACT (RA 10591) ............................... 265
III. OTHER RELEVANT RULES .................................................................................................................. 268
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J. ANTI-HAZING ACT OF 2018 (RA 8049, AS AMENDED BY RA 11053) ................................................... 269

II. PROHIBITION ON HAZING ................................................................................................................. 270
III. REGULATION OF SCHOOL-BASED INITIATION RITES ......................................................................... 270
IV. PERSONS LIABLE ............................................................................................................................... 271
K. COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 2002 (RA 9165, AS AMENDED BY RA 10640) ............ 272
III. CHAIN OF CUSTODY .......................................................................................................................... 275
IV. PLEA BARGAINING ............................................................................................................................ 276
L. CODE OF CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS FOR PUBLIC OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES (RA 6713) .. 278
II. NORMS OF CONDUCT OF PUBLIC OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES ....................................................... 278
III. DUTIES OF PUBLIC OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES ............................................................................... 278
IV. PROHIBITED ACTS ............................................................................................................................. 279
V. STATEMENTS AND DISCLOSURE ....................................................................................................... 280
VI. DIVESTMENT ..................................................................................................................................... 281
VII. OTHER RELEVANT RULES .................................................................................................................. 281
M. ANTI-GRAFT AND CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT (RA 3019, AS AMENDED BY RA 3047, PD 677, PD 1288, BP
195 AND RA 10910) .............................................................................................................................. 283
III. PROHIBITIONS ON INDIVIDUALS....................................................................................................... 286
IV. STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES .......................................................................................... 286
V. DISMISSAL DUE TO UNEXPLAINED WEALTH ..................................................................................... 287
N. ANTI-PLUNDER ACT (RA 7080, AS AMENDED BY RA 7659) .............................................................. 288
II. ELEMENTS ......................................................................................................................................... 289
III. PRESCRIPTION................................................................................................................................... 289
O. ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING ACT OF 2001 (RA 9160, AS AMENDED BY RA 9194, RA 10167, RA 10365
AND RA 10927) .................................................................................................................................... 290
II. MONEY LAUNDERING OFFENSE........................................................................................................ 293
III. JURISDICTION; PROSECUTION .......................................................................................................... 293
IV. ISSUANCE OF A FREEZE ORDER......................................................................................................... 293
P. OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE LAW (PD 1829) ..................................................................................... 294
II. OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE VS. ACCESSORY TO A CRIME .................................................................. 295
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Q. ANTI-TORTURE ACT OF 2009 (RA 9745) ......................................................................................... 297

I. ELEMENTS ......................................................................................................................................... 297
II. ACTS OF TORTURE ............................................................................................................................ 297
III. PERSONS LIABLE ............................................................................................................................... 298
IV. PROHIBITED DETENTION .................................................................................................................. 299
V. APPLICABILITY OF EXCLUSIONARY RULE; EXCEPTION ...................................................................... 299
VI. APPLICABILITY OF REFOULER ............................................................................................................ 299
VII. OTHER RELEVANT RULES .................................................................................................................. 300
R. HUMAN SECURITY ACT OF 2007 (RA 9372) ..................................................................................... 300
I. ELEMENTS ......................................................................................................................................... 300
II. OTHER PUNISHABLE ACTS ................................................................................................................ 300
III. CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT TERRORISM ............................................................................................ 301
IV. ACCOMPLICE AND ACCESSORY ......................................................................................................... 301
S. TERRORISM FINANCING PREVENTION AND SUPPRESSION ACT OF 2012 (RA 10168) ......................... 302
II. FINANCING OF TERRORISM .............................................................................................................. 303
III. EXTRATERRITORIAL APPLICATION .................................................................................................... 303
IV. EXTRADITION .................................................................................................................................... 304
T. ANTI-WIRE TAPPING ACT (RA 4200) ............................................................................................... 304
I. PROHIBITED ACTS ............................................................................................................................. 304
II. ALLOWABLE WIRE TAPPING ............................................................................................................. 304
III. INADMISSIBILITY ............................................................................................................................... 305
U. CYBERCRIME PREVENTION ACT OF 2012 (RA 10175) ...................................................................... 307
III. JURISDICTION.................................................................................................................................... 309
V. ANTI-CHILD PORNOGRAPHY ACT OF 2009 (RA 9775) ...................................................................... 311
II. PROHIBITED ACTS ............................................................................................................................. 311
III. SYNDICATED CHILD PORNOGRAPHY................................................................................................. 312
IV. DISPUTABLE PRESUMPTION OF KNOWLEDGE.................................................................................. 312
W. ANTI-PHOTO AND VIDEO VOYEURISM ACT OF 2009 (RA 9995) ...................................................... 314
II. PROHIBITED ACTS ............................................................................................................................. 314
X. ANTI-SEXUAL HARASSMENT ACT OF 1995 (RA 7877) ...................................................................... 315
I. PERSONS LIABLE ............................................................................................................................... 315
Y. ANTI-TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS ACT OF 2003 (RA 9208, AS AMENDED BY RA 10364) ....................... 317
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III. ATTEMPTED TRAFFICKING ................................................................................................................ 319

IV. LIABILITY OF ACCOMPLICES; ACCESSORIES ...................................................................................... 319
V. ACTS THAT PROMOTE TRAFFICKING ................................................................................................ 320
VI. QUALIFIED TRAFFICKING .................................................................................................................. 321
VII. INITIATION AND PROSECUTION OF CASES ....................................................................................... 321
VIII. PRESCRIPTIVE PERIOD....................................................................................................................... 321
IX. OTHER RELEVANT RULES .................................................................................................................. 322
Z. ANTI-VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND THEIR CHILDREN ACT OF 2004 (RA 9262) ........................... 324
III. BATTERED WOMAN SYNDROME ...................................................................................................... 326
AA. SPECIAL PROTECTION OF CHILDREN AGAINST ABUSE, EXPLOITATION, AND DISCRIMINATION ACT (RA
7610, AS AMENDED BY RA 7658 AND RA 9231) ..................................................................................... 329
BB. SAFE SPACES ACT (RA 11313) ...................................................................................................... 336
II. GENDER-BASED STREETS AND PUBLIC SPACES SEXUAL HARASSMENT............................................ 337
III. GENDER-BASED ONLINE SEXUAL HARASSMENT .............................................................................. 337
IV. QUALIFIED GENDER-BASED STREETS, PUBLIC SPACES AND ONLINE SEXUAL HARASSMENT ........... 338
V. GENDER-BASED SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN THE WORKPLACE........................................................... 338
VI. GENDER-BASED SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING INSTITUTIONS .............. 338
CC. DATA PRIVACY ACT (RA 10173).................................................................................................... 339
II. SCOPE................................................................................................................................................ 340
III. EXTRATERRITORIAL APPLICATION .................................................................................................... 341
IV. PUNISHABLE ACTS ............................................................................................................................ 341
V. EXTENT OF LIABILITY ......................................................................................................................... 342
DD. INDETERMINATE SENTENCE LAW (ACT 4103, AS AMENDED BY ACT NO. 4225 AND RA 4225) ......... 343
I. CONCEPT ........................................................................................................................................... 343
II. WHO ARE DISQUALIFIED................................................................................................................... 343
III. RELEASE OF PRISONER ON PAROLE .................................................................................................. 344
IV. REASONS FOR FIXING THE MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TERMS IN THE INDETERMINATE SENTENCE
344
EE. PROBATION LAW (PD 968 AS AMENDED BY PD 1257, BP 76, PD 1990 AND RA 10707) .................... 346
II. WHEN APPLIED FOR .......................................................................................................................... 346
III. GRANT/DENIAL OF PROBATION; CONDITIONS ................................................................................. 346
IV. DISQUALIFIED OFFENDERS ............................................................................................................... 347
V. PERIOD OF PROBATION .................................................................................................................... 347
VI. ARREST OF PROBATIONER ................................................................................................................ 347
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VII. TERMINATION OF PROBATION ......................................................................................................... 348

FF. JUVENILE JUSTICE AND WELFARE ACT (RA 9344, AS AMENDED BY RA 10630) ................................ 348
II. RIGHTS OF THE CHILD IN CONFLICT WITH THE LAW ........................................................................ 350
III. MINIMUM AGE OF CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY ................................................................................ 350
IV. PROHIBITED ACTS ............................................................................................................................. 352
V. DIVERSION AND INTERVENTION....................................................................................................... 352
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PRINCIPLES OF
CRIMINAL LAW
Criminal Law
ATENEO CENTRAL
A. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
I. PRINCIPLES OF CRIMINAL LAW Criminal Law
CRIMINAL LAW i ha b a ch f ici a a
TOPIC OUTLINE UNDER THE SYLLABUS: hich defi e c i e , ea f hei a e, a d
ide f hei i h e .
I. PRINCIPLES OF CRIMINAL LAW
A. GENERAL PRINCIPLES Other Terms
I. Mala in se and mala prohibita a. CRIME - he c i i i i b a
II. Scope and characteristics e ha i g ca aci , f a ac , hich i
III. Pro reo principle ei he hibi ed c e ed b a a d he
IV. Interpretation of penal laws c i i i i f hich i
V. Retroactive effect of penal laws i hab e b a ceedi g b gh i he
a e f he g e e h e a ha bee
B. FELONIES i a ed.
I. Criminal liabilities b. FELONY - a c i e i hed de he RPC
II. Circumstances affecting criminal liability c. OFFENSE - a c i e i hed de a ecia
III. Persons liable and degree of e a a
participation
IV. Penalties Sources of Philippine Criminal Law
V. Execution and Service a. Re i ed Pe a C de;
VI. Extinction of Criminal Liability b. S ecia Pe a La ; a d
VII. Civil Liability in Criminal Cases c. Pe a P e ide ia Dec ee i ed d i g
Ma ia La
Theories in Criminal Law

1. Cla ical J i ic The - The ba i f
c i i a iabi i i h a f ee i . The
e f he e a i e ib i i ie f
he ai e f he ac i i f he
ffe de . The e ha i i he ffe e a d
he ffe de .
2. P i i i f Reali The Ma i
i he e g d b he ffe de i cia
ic . The ba i i he f cia a d
ec ic he e a hich c di i a
d g i ie f c a hi
i i . The e f he e a i
ef ai a d he e ha i i he
ffe e a d he ffe de .
Legal Maxims
a. N ll m crimen n lle poena sine lege -
The e i c i e he he e i a ha
defi e a d i he i .
b. Ac s no faci re m, nisi mens si rea -
The ac ca be c i i a e he i d
i c i i a.
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c. Ac s me in i e fac s non es me s I. Mala in se and Mala Prohibita

ac s A ac d e b e agai i i
MALA IN SE MALA PROHIBITA
ac .
W gf f hei W gf ee
a e; beca e hibi ed
Constitutional Limitations on the Power of
b a e;
Congress to Enact Penal Laws in the Bill of
Rights S ei i hei Vi a i f ee
1. E a P ec i ; effec cie ; e fc e ie ce;
2. D e P ce ; I e g e ; Ci i a i e i
3. N -i ii f c e a d a ece a he e he
i h e e ce i e fi e ; ac a e hibi ed f
4. N Bi Of A ai de ha be e ac ed; ea f b ic
A bi f a ai de i a egi a i e ac hich i f ic ic ;
i h e ih ia . I e e ce i he G d fai h i a a id G d fai h i a
b i i f a egi a i e ac f a dicia defe e, e he c i e defe e;
de e i a i f g i . (People . Fe e , G.R. i he e f c a;
No. L-32613-14, 1972). The deg ee f The ac gi e i e a
5. N e po fac o a ha be e ac ed; acc i h e f he ci e he
ci e i a e i c a ed;
A e pos fac o a i e hich: (MACARD) acc i i hi g he
1. Ma e c i i a a ac d e bef e he ffe de ;
a age f he a a d hich a i ce Mi iga i g a d Mi iga i g a d
he d e, a d i he ch a ac ; agg a a i g agg a a i g
2. Agg a a e a c i e, a e i g ea e ha ci c a ce a e a e ci c a ce ae
i a , he c i ed i acc ; ge e a a e
3. Cha ge he i h e a d i f ic a i acc ;
g ea e i h e ha he a a e ed Pe a i de e i ed Pe a he
he c i e he c i ed; he ba i f he deg ee f ffe de ae he
4. A e he ega e f e ide ce, a d a ici a i f he a e;
a h i ed c ic i e diffe e ffe de ;
e i ha he a e i ed a he i e f The e a e 3 age f The e a e age f
he c i i f he ffe e; e ec i : a e ed, e ec i ; a d
5. A e Reg a e ci i igh a d f a ed, c a ed;
e edie , i effec i e e a a d
de i a i f a igh f e hi g hich Pe a ie a be di ided The e i di i i f
he d e a a f ; a d i deg ee a d e i d . e a ie .
6. De i e a e acc ed f a c i e e
a f ec i hich he ha bec e Ill a i : If a high- a i g b ic ffice i
e i ed (e.g. ec i faf e c ic i DAR-ARMM ef e e i acc he
ac i a , ca ai f a e ); a d Pag-IBIG F d a d GSIS de i e he ice
7. Wai e f he igh f he acc ed. f GSIS d , he i g i f i a i g RA
N . 8291 ( he GSIS Ac f 1997) a d he IRR f
RA N . 7742 ( he Pag-IBIG La ). He ca
c ai ha i ce he f d e e e ea ed he
Regi a Di ec f ARMM a d DAR-
ARMM, hi e i ee ced a a d
i i e ia . B h a ide ha he ef a f
he head f he ffice f he ai a
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g e e h aei ed i he c ec i f U e he e i a ci i e i habi a
e i , acc d e he GSIS/c ec i f he Phi i i e a d he i ce
a d e i a ce f e ee a i g a i ed agai hi i f ded a deb
e i he acc d a e he iab e. The c ac ed bef e he e e ed ch
- e i a ce f GSIS a d Pag-IBIG F d e ice he d e ic e a i
e i i mal m p ohibi m. Wha he e e a egi e ed i h he De a e f F eig
a i h i he fai e, ef a , de a i h Affai ;
a f ifiab e ca e i e i i g a i g
he e i ed c ib i acc . (Ma alam c. P i ci e f P b ic I e a i a La
. People, G.R. No . 221849-50, J. LEONEN, S e eig head f a e , a ba ad ,
Ap il 4, 2016.) i i e e i e ia a d i i e -
e ide , cha ge d affai a d a ache a e
If a e i cha ged i h chi d ab e i i a i b ec he eai f ci i a
f 10(a) f RA 7610 f h ica ab i g a chi d a ;
aced de hi he ca e, i e deba e,
deg ade de ea he i i e e ia C , ice-c a d he c e cia
e ab i h g i . I be e ed ha c i e e e e ai e f a f eig ai ca
i hed b RA 7610 a e mala p ohibi a. (L cido c ai he i i ege a d i i ie
People, G.R. No. 217764, J. LEONEN, A g acc ded a ba ad a d i i e .
7, 2017)
b. Te i iali
II. SCOPE OF APPLICATION AND
CHARACTERISTICS OF PHILIPPINE The a i a icab e a ci e c i ed
CRIMINAL LAW i hi he i i f he Phi i i e e i , hich
i c de i a he e, i e i ae a d
a. Generality
aii e e.
The law is binding upon all persons who reside
or sojourn in the Philippines, irrespective of age, E ce i : A ic e 2, RPC. (SCION)
sex, color, creed, or personal circumstances. a. Sh d c i a ffe e hi e a
Phi i i e Shi ai hi ;
E ce i (S-PA-IL) TWO (2) REQUISITES:
a. T ea Si ai (E . RP-US Vi i i g a. The Phi i i e hi ai hi be
F ce Acc d); d egi e ed de he Phi i i e
b. La P efe e ia A ica i he e a e a ;a d
e ecia a ha ca e e ce i . b. The hi ai hi be i hi
Thi be a ied i a ic a i a ce ; he e i ia i dic i f a he
c , he i e he a f ha
E a e: R.A. 75 - U de R.A. 75, e c i a a a e;
h a ee e f a e a di i e
a d h e e ie a e e e f F eig Me cha Ve el
di ai , ei e a d a ach e a e he N e: The Phi i i e b e e he E gli h R le
f i g:
French R le . English R le
(AMS) FRENCH RULE ENGLISH RULE
1. A ba ad ; GENERAL RULE
2. P b ic Mi i e ; a d Ci e c i ed C i e c i ed
3. D e ic Se a f a ba ad a d ab a d a f eig ab a d a f eig e e
b ic i i e ;
e e i hi he i hi e i ia a e
e i ia a e f a fac a e iab e
Page 3 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
c ae NOT i he c f ch E a le f c i e i cl ded:
iab e i c f c . i. Di ec /i di ec / a ified b ibe ;
ch c . ii. C i ;
EXCEPTION iii. F a d agai he b ic ea ;
C i e affec he Whe he c i e e e iv. P e i f hibi ed i e e ;
eace a d ec i f affec hi g i hi he v. Ma e a i f b ic f d e
he e i , e e efe he
e da ge he afe i e a a age e e. Sh d c i a f he c i e agai
f he a e. he e f. Na i a ec i a d he a f ai :
ea ,c i ac a d a c i
F eig Wa hi - The a i a i f ch ea , i i i f ea , e i age,
a hi de e i e he a icab e e a a i ci i g a gi i g i e f e i a ,
ci e c i ed he ei ; c ide ed be a i ai f e ai , c e de ce i h
e e i f he e i f he c hich he h ie c , f igh e e c ,
be g; i ac i ge e a a d i i he high ea ,
a ified i ac .
b. Sh d f ge C e fei a c i c e c
N e f he Phi i i e I a d b iga i a d Ra i al f e ce i (e): T afeg a d he
ec i ie i ed b he G e e f he e i e ce f he a e.
Phi i i e I a d ;
c. Sh d be iab e f ac c ec ed i h he H e e , he he ebe i , c d a a d
I d ci i he e i a d f he b iga i edi i ae c i ed ab ad, he Phi i i e
a d ec i ie e i ed i he e idi g c i ha e i dic i beca e he e
be ; a e c i e agai b ic de .
Rationale for exceptions (b) and (c): To E ce i he E ce i

maintain and preserve the financial credit stability Pe a a ae a icab e i hi ih
of the state; Phi i i e e i if ided i ea ie a d
a f efe e ia a ica i .
Note: Those who introduced the counterfeit items
c. P ec i i
are criminally liable even if they were not the ones
who counterfeited the said items. And those who The e f -e ac i i a ie .
counterfeited the said items are criminally liable
even if they did not introduce the counterfeit items E ce i
into the Philippines; If fa ab e he ffe de , he a i ha e a
e ac i e effec .
d. Whi e bei g b ic Office e ee , h d
c i a ffe e i he e e ci e f hei f c i ; E ce i he E ce i :
Offense committed by a public officer abroad 1. The ffe de i a habi a de i e ;a d
efe he di cha ge f e f c i ; 2. The a he i e ide .
A crime committed within the grounds of a Effec f Re eal/A e d e f Pe al La

Philippine embassy on foreign soil shall be subject a. If he e ea a e he e a ligh e i he
to Philippine penal laws, although it may or may e a , he e la ha be a ied;
not have been committed by a public officer in b. If he e a i e a hea ie e a , he
ea i e official duties. Embassy grounds a i f ce a he i e f he c i i
are considered as extensions of the sovereignty of f he ffe e ha be a ied;
the country occupying them;
Page 4 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
c. If he e a o all epeal he e i i g a B. FELONIES

ha he ac hich a e a i ed de he
I. CRIMINAL LIABILITIES
d a i ge i hab e fail o
penali e he ffe e de he d a , he FELONIES a e ac a d i i i hab e
c i e i obli e a ed a d he acc ed ca b he Re i ed Pe a C de.
be c ic ed de he e a ;
d. If e ea i b ee ac e , e e ih 3 Ele e f Fel ie : (AO-P-DC)
a i g c a e, a e ea b i ica i , i 1. The e be a Ac ; O i i
d de c i i a iabi i ; a d
e. A e e e acc ed a d c ic ed ACT ea a b di e e e di g
de a e ea ed a e a be i hed d ce e effec i he e e a d; he
de he e ea i g a e, ided po ibili fi d ci i fficie . I
acc ed had a i defe d hi e f be a ea a e ac f ha fe , ha i , a
agai he cha ge. e e a ac hich ha di ec c ec i ih
he fe i e ded be c i ed;
III. PRO-REO PRINCIPLE
P -e D c i e OMISSION ea inac ion, he fai e
In d bio p o eo i e a ea he i d b , ef a ii e d hich e i b d
f he acc ed. (People . Ong, G.R. No. d . The e be a a e i i g he d i g
175940, 2008) ef a ce f a ac ;
Whe e e a e a a i be c ed 2. The ac i i be P i hab e b

a ied a d he a ad i f i e eai he RPC; a d
e e ie he ffe de a d e ic he 3. The ac i e f ed he i i i c ed
ffe de ha i e e a i hich i e ie b ea f Dolo C lpa.
fa ab e he ffe de i be ad ed.
A c i i a ac i e ed a . I he
IV. INTERPRETATION OF PENAL LAWS
ab e ce f i d bi ab e e a a i , he ac
R le C ci f Pe al La be dec a ed a a d i hab e.
a. Libe a c ed i fa f ffe de ;
b. I ca e f c f ic i h fficia a a i , V l a i e ( i c c i i al liabili )
igi a S a i h e i c i g; a d e ie :
c. N i e e a i b a a g . 1. I e ige ce;
V. RETROACTIVE EFFECT OF PENAL 2. F eed f ac i ; a d
LAWS 3. I e ac ;
Whe Pe al La a be Gi e Re ac i e Compare Dolo (decei ) . C lpa (fa l )

Effec DOLO CULPA
1. Whe fa ab e he acc ed; a d I e a ice Re f
2. Whe he a dec i i a i e a ac . de ibe a e i e ; a d eg ige ce,
i de ce, ac f
e d f ic f e igh ac f
i ;a d
I e i a. I e i e aced b
fa .
Page 5 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
a. Cla ifica i f Fel ie Mi ake f Fac

Ig a ce i a e f fac e ie e he acc ed
a. INTENTIONAL FELONIES f c i i a iabi i . Mi a e f fac i a
I i e i al fel ie , he ac i i f he i a ehe i f fac he a f he e
ffe de i malicio . The ac i ef ed i h h ca ed i a he . He i ci i a
de ibe a e i e . The ffe de , i e f i g he ac iab e, beca e he did ac i h c i i a i e .
i i c i g he i i , ha he in en ion o
ca e an inj a he . Re i i e : (LIW)
a. The ac d e d ha e bee La f had he
Re i i e : (F-I-I) fac bee a he acc ed be ie ed he be;
a. F eed ; b. The I e i f he acc ed i e f i g he
A e h ac de he c i f a ac h d be a f ; a d
i e i ib e f ce, a d a c ab e fea f a c. The i a e be Wi h fa
e a g ea e i i e e f ci i a ca e e e he a f he acc ed.
iabi i ;
b. I ellige ce b. CULPABLE FELONIES
I i he a ca aci de e i e ha i igh I c l able fel ie , he ac i i f he
f ha i ga d ea i e he c e e ce ffe de i no malicio . The i ca ed b he
f e ac ; ffe de a he e i i e i a , i bei g
Fac ha ega e i e ige ce: i i , i he i cide f a he ac e f ed i ho
i a i , i becili ; malice.
c. I e
I e i a e a a e, he e i e ce f hich i Re i i e : (F-I-I)
h b he e ac fa e . If he e i a. F eed ;
i e , he e i fe c i ed b dolo, b a b. I ellige ce; a d
fe a i e i if c lpa i e e . c. I de ce, eglige ce, lack f f e igh
lack f kill.
Compare In en . Mo i e
INTENT MOTIVE I de ce i dica e a deficienc of ac ion. I
The e ea The ea hich a i e ac f i .
a ic a ea i e e c i
effec ch a e ; a ac f a defi i e E ample: a e fai a e he ece a
e ; eca i a id i e da age
A ee e f a N a ee e f a e .
c i e. c i e.
Neglige ce i dica e a deficienc of pe cep ion.
M i e, Whe Rele a I a i e ac f f e igh .
1. The ide i f a e acc ed f ha i g
c i ed a c i e i i di e; E ample: a e fai a e a e i
2. I a ce ai i g he h be ee a ag i ic a d e di ige ce i f e eei g he i
he ie e i f he i i g; da age i e di g be ca ed.
3. The ide ifica i f he acc ed ceed
f e iab e ce a d e i i c. THOSE PUNISHED BY SPECIAL LAWS
i c c i ea d f ee f d b The hi d c a f c i e , a e h e defi ed a d
4. The e a e e e i e e he c i e, a d e a i ed b ecia a , hich i c de c i e
he e ici i i e fa a be i hed b ici a ci di a ce . Whe
f e ;a d he c i e i i hed b a ecia a , i e
5. The e ide ce i e e ci c a ia . c i he c i e i ece a . I i fficie
Page 6 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
ha he ffe de ha he i e pe pe a e he di a ifica i , e e a e a ecia

ac hibi ed b he ecia a . di a ifica i a d i i a .
C a ifica i f Fe ie Acc di g G a i LESS GRAVE FELONIES

A . 7. Whe ligh fel ie a e i hable. P i hab e b i i c ecci a, a e
Ligh fel ie a e i hable he he ha e a , e i a d de ie .
bee c a ed, i h he e ce i f
h ec i ed agai e e . OFFENSES NOT INCLUDED IN THE CODE S
CLASSIFICATION OF FELONIES
LIGHT FELONIES a e h e i f ac i f a f
he c i i f hich he e a f a e A . 10. Offe e bjec he i i
e a fi e e ceedi g 40,000 e f hi C de. Offe e hich a e i he
b h, i ided. f e a be i hable de ecial la
ae bjec he i i f hi C de.
Ligh fe ie a e i hab e he he Thi C de hall be le e a ch
ha e bee c a ed. The d ce ch la , le he la e h ld eciall
igh , ch i ig ifica a a d a e ia i ie ide he c a .
ha b ic c cie ce i a i fied i h idi g
a igh e a f hei c ai . Mai Idea: The i i f he RPC a e
e e a ecia a .
E ce i : Ligh fe ie c i ed agai
e e , ae i hab e e e if E ce i :
a e ed f a ed. a. Whe e he ecia e a a ide
he i e; a d
Ra i a e: The c i i f fe ie agai b. Whe he i i f he RPC a e
e e e e i he ffe de i ib e a , ei he b e e
a de a i . i i b ece a i ica i .
A . 9. G a e fel ie , le g a e fel ie , a d E a e: Whe he pecial la adop he

ligh fel ie . G a e fel ie a e h e nomencla e of he penal ie impo ed in he
hich he la a ache he ca i al i h e RPC, he p o i ion of he RPC on impo i ion of
e al ie hich i a f hei e i d a e penal ie ba ed on age of e ec i , deg ee
afflic i e, i acc da ce i h A icle 25 f he f a ici a i a d a e da ce f i iga i g a d
C de. agg a a i g ci c a ce a be a ied b
ece a i ica i .
Le g a e fel ie a e h e hich he la
i he ih e al ie hich i hei N e: Thi i a ce i a e a ea dd e
a i e i d a e c ec i al, i c e a i a ce f he RPC e
acc da ce i h he ab e- e i ed a icle. a ica i ecia e a a .
Ligh fel ie a e h e i f ac i f la f The i i f he C de he g ad a i f

he c i i f hich he e al f e a ie b deg ee c d be gi e
a e e a fi e e ceedi g F e e a a ica i ecia a , he
h a d e (P40,000), b h, i he e a ie i he a e a e c e f
ided. c e a ed i he ca e f e a ie ided
b A ic e 71 f he f e . The e effec
GRAVE FELONIES f he RPC ecia a , a ided i A ic e
P i hab e b ec i e e a, ec i 10, ca be i ed he e he e i a ega
e a, e e a e a ab e h ica i ibi i f, a hibi i i he
Page 7 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
ecia a agai ch e e a b. THE WRONG DONE TO THE AGGRIEVED

a ica i . The i a i i diffe e he e PARTY BE THE DIRECT, NATURAL AND
a h gh he ffe e i defi ed i a d e ib LOGICAL CONSEQUENCE OF THE
i hed de a ecia a , he e a he ef FELONY COMMITTED BY THE OFFENDER;
i ac a a e f he C de i i ech ica
e c a e. (People . Simon, G.R. No. 93028, A . 4. C i i al liabili . C i i al liabili
1994). hall be i c ed:
S b idia i i e de he RPC 1. B a e c i i g a fel (deli o)

a lie S ecial Pe al La i i g he al h gh he gf l ac d e be
e al f fi e, e c. diffe e f ha hich he i e ded;
I a be f ca e , he S e e C ha
ed ha A ic e 100 (ci i iabi i ) a d 39 O e h c i a i e i a fe i
( b idia e a ) a e a icab e ffe e e ib e f a he c e e ce , hich a
de ecia [ e a ] a . (People . C belo, a a a d gica e he ef , he he
G.R. No. L-13678, 1959). f e ee i e ded ;a d
Whe A icle 10 A lie The a i a e f he e i he a i , el e ca a

a. A ic e 10 f he RPC a e he C de de la ca a e ca a del mal ca ado (he h i
e ecia [ e a ] a , i.e. e a he ca e f he ca e i he ca e f he e i
a ha i h ac defi ed b he RPC. ca ed).
The e a ica i f he RPC
ecia [ e a ] a , b i e f A ic e 10, H ci i al liabili i i c ed:
fi d e e a ce he he i i f a. B c i i g a i e i a fe e e if he
he ecia [ e a ] a a e ie a g d ced a a c e e ce he e f i
a ic a a e . i e ded b he ffe de ; a d
b. B c i i ga i ib e c i e.
b. Abe a i ic ,i e e ae, a d
ae e i e i e P i a e Ca e
I i ha ca e, hich, i a a a d c i
Ele e f C i i al Liabili
e e ce, b e b a efficie i e e i g
ca e, d ce he i ,a d ih hich he
a. AN INTENTIONAL FELONY HAS BEEN
e d ha e cc ed (Ba aclan .
COMMITTED;
Medina, G.R. No. L-10126, 1957).
C i i al Liabili e i :
If a a c ea e i a he e i d a
I i ha ac i g fi a d d ci g he i , ei he
i edia e e e f da ge , hich ca e ch
i edia e , b e i g he e e i i ,
e e ca e, a d i d i g, he a e
a c i i ga a a a d c i chai f
i e hi e f, he a h c ea e ch a a e
e e , each ha i g a c e ca a c ec i
f i d i e ib e f he e i g i ie ;
ihi i edia e edece .
(People . Page, G.R. No. L-37505, 1977).
I a i : Acc ed h ed a dead ea
N fel i c i ed:
i g he he ife i e a d a d dea h
1. Whe he ac i i i i hab e b
f i iab e f aid dea h. (People . Liki an,
he RPC;
G.R. No. 201858, 2014)
2. Whe he ac i c e ed b a f he
if i g ci c a ce e e a ed i A .
11;
Page 8 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
The fel c i ed i he i ae he g i e ha a
ca e f he e l i g i j he : c i ea a e f ai
1. The e i a ac i e f ce ha in e ened f a he c i e, if he a
be ee he fe c i ed a d he e c ibe a highe e a f
e i gi ; ei he f he a e ffe e , i
2. The e i gi i d e he i e i a ac hich ca e he e a ided f
f he ic i . he a e ed he f a ed
c i e ha be i ed i i
Whe dea h i e ed be he a al a i e i d. (A . 49, RPC)
c e e ce f h ical i j ie i flic ed: Abbe a i I i a c d c i e he he
1. The ic i a he i e f he h ica i ie ic i g e ac ( i a e b ) e i
e e i f ic ed a i a hea h; e ga e e ga e
2. Dea h a be e ec ed f he h ica fe ie (A . 48, RPC); he i e,
i ie i f ic ed; a d he ffe e ha be e a a e
3. Dea h e ed i hi a ea ab e i e. i hed.
P ae e Thi i a i iga i g ci c a ce.
Effec i e I e e i g Ca e i e i e (A . 13, a a. 3, RPC).
A effec i e i e e i g ca e i e he
a a f f e e eadi g e dea h. I
a e ie e he ffe de f iabi i .
c. I ible C i e
Si a i he e a e c i i g a fel
i ill c i i all liable: A . 4. C i i a iabi i . C i i a iabi i ha
1. Error in personae: i a e i he ide i f be i c ed:
he ic i ; 2. B a e ef i g a ac hich
2. Aberra io ic s: i a e i he b ;a d ld be a ffe e agai e
3. Prae er in en ionem: he i i e i e , ee i f he i he e
g ea e ha ha i e ded. i ibili f i acc li h e a
acc f he e l e f i ade a e
Effec s o criminal liabili i effec al ea .
E i 1. If he e a e c ibed f he
e ae fe c i ed be highe ha N e: The c i i fa i ib e c i e i
ha c e di g he ffe e i dica i e f c i i a e i ci i a
hich he acc ed i e ded e de c he a f he ac . S ch a e
c i , he e a c e di g i a e ia c i i a.
he a e ha be i ed i i
a i e i d. Re i i e f I ible C i e : (PPEIA)
1. The ac e f ed ld be a ffe e
2. If he e a e c ibed f he agai Pe P e ;
fe c i ed be e ha ha
c e di g he e hich he If he ac ef ed d be a ffe e he
acc ed i e ded c i , he ha a fe agai e agai e ,
e a f he f e ha be he e i i ib e c i e;
i ed i i a i e i d.
Fel ie agai e :
3. The e e ab i hed b he e 1. Pa icide;
ecedi g a ag a h ha be 2. M de ;
a icab e if he ac c i ed b 3. H icide;
4. I fa icide;
Page 9 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
5. Ab i ; ffe e f a e i e ec i e f ega i ibi i .

6. D e; (In od . CA, G.R. No, 103119, 1992)
7. Ph ica i ie ; a d
8. Ra e; INADEQUATE AND INEFFECTUAL MEANS
I he e i ibili f i acc li h e
Fel ie agai e : The e ei he be:
1. R bbe ; a. legal impo ibili ,
2. B iga dage; b. ph ical impo ibili .
3. Thef ;
4. U ai ; Legal I ibili - The i e ded ac , e e if
5. C ab e i e c ; c e ed, d a a c i e.
6. S i d i g a d he decei ; E ample: Ki i g a e a ead dead
7. Cha e gage;
8. A a d he ci e Ph ical I ibili - E a e
i i g de ci ;a d ci c a ce he ac be d
9. Ma ici i chief; hi c e e he c ai f he
i e ded c i e.
2. The ac a d e i h E il i e ; E ample: A a hi ha d i he c a c e f
a he i h he i e i ea he a e ae
3. I acc li h e i i he e l I ible a d fi d he c e e .
ha he ea e l ed i ei he
i ade a e i effec al; E l e f i ade ae ea - Mea i
i fficie .
I i ib e c i e , he ac e f ed b he
ffe de ca d ce a ffe e agai E l e f i effec al ea - Mea
e e , beca e: (1) he c i i e ed did d ce he e e ec ed.
f he ffe e i i he e i ib e f
acc i h e , (2) he ea i ei he (a) P e: The e f he a i i hi g
i ade a e (b) i effec a ; a d i ib e c i e i e ci i a
e i c i i a e de cie . Ob ec i e , he
4. The ac e f ed h ld c i ea ffe de ha c i ed a fe , b
i la i f A he i i f he b ec i e , he i a c i i a .
Re i ed Pe al C de.
N A e ed F a ed I ible C i e
N e: IN IMPOSSIBLE CRIMES, THE OFFENDER The e i a e ed f a ed i ib e
SHOULD NOT BE AWARE OF THE c i e. The ffe de i e di g c i a
IMPOSSIBILITY OF HIS ACTIONS. ffe e ha a ead ef ed a he ac f
T be i ib e de he A ic e, he ac i e ded e ec i b d e d ce he c i e b
b he ffe de be b i a e e i ib e ea f he fac ha i a e i e f
f acc i h e . i ib e acc i h e ha he ea
e ed a e e e ia i ade a e
I In od . CA, he ffe de , i e di g i X, fi ed i effec a . Si ce a he ac f e ec i ha e
a X bed . H e e , X a i a he ci he . a ead bee ef ed, he e c d be
The C f d he ffe de g i fa i ib e a e ed i ib e c i e. The ac ef ed
c i e, a e ed de . b he ffe de a e c ide ed a c i i ga
c a ed ffe e.
C g e ha e e ac ed a a ha ide
ha i e ac c d c c i e he
Page 10 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
D f he C i Ca e Whe e Ac N accide he ha hi a e
C e ed b he La M be P i hed de i a ce.
A . 5. D f he c i c ec i ih De el e faC i e
ac hich h ld be e e ed b hich a e 1. INTERNAL ACTS, ch a e e idea i he
c e ed b he la , a d i ca e f i d fa e ,a e i hab e e e if,
e ce i e e al ie . Whe e e a c ha had he bee ca ied , he d
k ledge f a ac hich i a dee c i e a c i e.
e e e a d hich i i hable 2. EXTERNAL ACTS c e (a) e aa
b la , i hall e de he e deci i a d ac ; a d (b) ac f e ec i .
hall e he Chief E ec i e, h gh
he De a e fJ ice, he ea hich i. P e a a ac - di a i he a e
i d ce he c belie e ha aid ac i hab e, b e aa ac hich
h ld be ade he bjec f e al aec ide ed i he e e , b a , a
legi la i . i de e de ci e ae i hab e.
I he a e a he c hall b i he E : b i g e ai g i ea
Chief E ec i e, h gh he De a e f ih hich i he i e ded ic i ;
J ice, ch ae e a a be dee ed ca i g i fa ab e a e ia he
e, ih e di g he e ec i f ace he e a h ei be b ed.
he e e ce, he a ic e f ce e f he
i i f hi C de ld e l i he ii. Ac f e ec i - i hab e de
i ii f a clea l e ce i e e al , he Re i ed Pe a C de.
aki g i c ide a i he deg ee f alice
a d he i j ca ed b he ffe e. 1. S bjec i e ha e - po ion of he ac
con i ing he c i e, a i g f he i
d. S age f E ec i he e he ffe de begin he c i i f he
ci e ha i he e he i ha c e
Ar . 6. Cons mma ed, fr s ra ed, and
hi ac , i c di g hei a a c e.
a emp ed felonies. C a ed fel ie
a ell a h e hich a e f a ed a d
2. Objec i e ha e - he e f he ac f
a e ed, a e i hable.
e ec i , ha i , he acc i h e f he
c i e.
A fel i c a ed he all he
a. If he b ec i e a d b ec i e ha e
ele e ece a f i e ec i a d
ae e e , he e i a c a ed
acc li h e a e e e ; a d i i
fe .
f a ed he he ffe de e f all he
b. The a e de i a ce f he
ac f e ec i hich ld d ce he
acc ed i e c a (a) if ade
fel a a c e e ce b hich,
d i g he a e ed age, a d (b)
e e hele , d d ce i b ea f
ided ha he ac a ead c i ed
ca e i de e de f he ill f he
d c i ea ffe e.
e e a .
ATTEMPTED FELONY
The e i a a e he he ffe de
The e i a a e he he ffe de
c e ce he c i i f a fel
c e ce he c i i f a fe di ec
di ec l e ac , a d d e ef all
b e ac , a d d e ef a he ac
he ac f e ec i hich h ld d ce
f e ec i hich h d d ce he fe b
he fel b ea f e ca e
ea f e ca e accide he ha hi
a e de i a ce.
Page 11 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
Ele e : FRUSTRATED FELONY

a. The ffe de commence he c i i f A fe i f a ed he he ffe de e f
he fe di ec b e ac ; a he ac f e ec i hich d d ce he
b. He doe no pe fo m a he ac f fe a a c e e ce b hich,
e ec i hich ho ld p od ce he fe ; e e he e , d d ce i b ea f
If he ffe de ha e f ed a he ac f ca e i de e de f he i f he e e a .
e ec i hi g e i ef be d e
he age f e ec i i ha f a f a ed Ele e :
fe , if he fe i d ced; 1. The ffe de pe fo m all he ac of
c a ed, if he fe i d ced; e ec ion;
c. The ffe de ac i no opped b hi o n
pon aneo de i ance; N hi g e i ef be d e b he ffe de ,
beca e he ha e f ed he la ac ece a
Ra i ale f -liabili i ca e he e d ce he c i e;
he e i a e de i a ce: I i fa
e a d g a ed b a h e h , ha i g e 2. A he ac ef ed o ld p od ce he
f he e ge f c i e, heed he ca f hei felon a a con e ence;
c cie ce a d e he ah f 3. B he felon i no p od ced; a d
igh e e . The a d e i h hi ; a d 4. B ea f ca e independen of he ill
of he pe pe a o .
Whe i de i a ce a e ?
S a e ea ceedi g f a a The e a e c i e ha d ad i f a f a ed
fee i g a i e e de c ih e e a age. B he defi i i faf a ed fe , he
c ai ; i hi i e, a a ic ffe de ca ib ef a he ac f
a d echa ica . e ec i b i g he de i ed e ih
c a i g he ffe e.
The acc ed ill be e e f c i i al
liabili l he : Fr s ra ed . A emp ed Felon
1. S a e de i a ce i d e d i g he FRUSTRATED ATTEMPTED
a e ed age; a d Offe de ef all Offe de c e ce
2. N c i e de a he i i f he C de he ac f e ec i he c i i f he
he e a a i c i ed. hich h d d ce fe di ec b e
he fe a a ac , a d d e
d. The non-pe fo mance of all ac of e ec ion c e e ce, b ef all he ac f
a d e ca e acciden he ha hi hich, e e he e , d e ec i b ea f
a e de i a ce. d ce i b ea e ca e
f ca e i de e de accide he ha hi
O e Ac f he i f he ai
I i e ph ical ac i i deed, i dica i g he e e a . de i a ce
i e i c i a a ic a c i e, e ha The e i i e e i The e i ch
a ee a i g e a a i , hich if ca ied f a f eig i e e i a d he
i c ee e i ai f i g i a a e a e ca e ffe de d e
c e, ih bei g f a ed b e e a be ee he begi i g a i e a he i f
b ac e b he a de i a ce f he f he c i i f he ef i g a f he
e e a , i logicall a d nece a il i e c i e a d he e ac , hich h d
i a c c e e ffe e. he a f he ac ha e d ce he c i e. He
bee ef ed hich i ed h f ha
i b e ca e
Page 12 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
h d e i he a a f hi a i e i f he e e a ca e a a ic a
c a ed c i e. de i a ce. i .
S b ec i e ha e i Ne e a e he
c ee a ed. b ec i e ha e/ DESISTANCE
S b ec i e he c i e i I i a ab ca e, hich ega e c i i a
c e e. iabi i beca e he a e c age a e
Offe de did a ha a de i f c i i g a c i e.
ece a c i he
c i e. If he c i e did De i a ce h d be ade bef e a he ac f
e a a e ec i ae ef ed, i.e. d i g he
c e e ce i a d e a e ed age (af e c e ce e , b
e hi g be d hi bef e c a i ).
c .
(US . Ed a e, G.R. No. L-12155, 1917) Legal . Fac al Desis ance
LEGAL FACTUAL
C i e Which D N Ha e a F a ed DEFINITION
Pha e: De i a ce efe ed i Ac a de i a ce f
1. Ra e, beca e he g a a e f he ffe e a hich d b ia e he ac ; he ac i
i ca a edge, a e h igh c i i a iabi i e i iab e f he
he e e a i , he fe i c a ed; he e e aa a e .
2. I di ec b ibe , beca e he ffe e i ac a ead c i ed i
c i ed b acce i g gif ffe ed he he e e c i e a
b ic ffice b ea f hi ffice; fe he ha ha
3. C i f b ic ffice , i ce he c i e he ac i e ded.
e i e he c c e ce f he i f b h TIME OR PERIOD EMPLOYED
a ie ; De i a ce ade d ing De i a ce ade
4. Ad e , beca e he e e ce f he c i e i he a e ed age. af e he a e ed
e a c ge ; age f he c i e.
5. Ph ica i i ce i de e i a i
he he igh , e ei , ei ca Fac De e i i g he S age f E ec i :
be ade ce i i c a ed; a d a. Na e f he ffe e;
6. Thef , i ce a f a i g i edia e b. E e e c i i g he fe ;a d
c a e he ffe e a d he di ii c. Ma e f c i i g he a e.
f he hi g i a ee e .
Ma e fC i i g he C i e
CONSUMMATED FELONY a. F al c i e : c a ed i ei a ,
A fe i c a ed he a he e e e a e
ece a f i e ec i a d acc i h e
ae e e . A a e, he e ca be a e a af a c i e,
beca e be ee he h gh a d he deed he e i
INDETERMINATE OFFENSE chai f ac ha ca be e e ed i a i .
O e he e he e f he ffe de i
ef i g a ac i ce ai . I a e i E.g. Gi i g a fa e e i (A . 180), S a de (A .
ea i i b ec i e i a big . 358)
The i e i f he acc ed be a ce ai ed b. C i e c a ed b ee a e
f he fac a d, he ef e, i i ece a ha al b e ac
he i d be ab e di ec i fe f he he
Page 13 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
E.g. f igh e e c (A . 121), C i I a i : X def a ded A h gh fa ifica i fa

f i (A . 340) b ic d c e b b ai i g he i e f a ,
be gi g B, a d b i e e e i g A ha B
c. Fel b i i a bad i eed f e a d a ffe i g he i e
The e ca be a e ed age he he fe f he aid a c a e a f a a f P1500. X
i b omi ion, beca e i hi i d f fe he e ec ed a Deed f Rea E a e M gage, ig i g
ffe de d e e ec e ac . He i he a e f B a d i d ced A de i e he a
ef a ac hich he a e i e hi d . f P1500. X i e i e def a ded C h gh he a e
E.g. Mi i i f ea (A 116), Fai e f ea a d f he a e a .
acc ab e ffice e de acc (A . 218),
Fai e f a e ib e b ic ffice e de The e ie f ac c i ed b X a a
acc bef e ea i g he c (A . 219), c i ed, c i , c i i g ffe e. The e
Fai e a e de i e f b ic f d a e decei ac iced b X he
e (A . 221) ic i , i.e. ha bei g i eed f e, B a
ii g gage a ec i f a a a
d. C i e e i i g he i e e i f f P3000. Tha he e e e (2) ic i , h e e ,
e c i he ae did acc di g c e he c i e i
c a ed b e e ag ee e e a a e ffe e , a he de e i a i e fac i he
I he c i e f c i f b ic ffice , he i i ici f he c i i a i e f he
a ea ec a ed b e e ag ee e . The a ac i .
ffe ade b e f he a ie he he
c i e a e ed fe , if he ffe i The i g a i f he ffe e c i ed b
e ec ed. e i i e i f he de a ed b he fac ha he
fa ifica i f he (2) b ic d c e a a
e. Ma e ial c i e : he e a e h ee age f ea fc i i g e afa e e e f ed he
e ec i . a e da e, i he a e ace, a he a e i e a d
he a e cca i . (Malla i . People, G.R. No.
e. C i i gC i e L-58886, 1988).
CONTINUOUS (CONTINUED OR
N e: The c i ed c i e i ci e a ie
CONTINUING) CRIME
c i e agai e .
I i a i g e c i e, c i i g f a e ie f ac b
a ai i g f e ci i a e i . A h gh
I a i : The acc ed a d hi c a i a
he e i a e ie f ac , he e i e ci e
a i he a e ge ' ec i f he e
c i ed.
dec f a b a. Ee e e e e i ed
a d e he e ee ei
REQUISITES: (M-UP-UO)
ded b hi a d hi c a i . The
1. M i ici f ac ;
acc ed c fe ed ha he a d hi c a i
2. U i f c i i a P e i e ;a d
had a c i e a . I a he d
3. U i f c i i a Offe e i a ed.
ha i ce he i i g e e he e f a i ge
i e a d ha ei he he acc ed hi
C i ed C i e NOT a C le C i e
c a i had i i d i i g a a ic a
A c i ed c i e i ac e c i e, beca e
i di id a , he ac c ai ed f h d be
he ffe de i c i ed c i ci ed e
c ide ed a e i g f a i ge c i i a
ef a i g e ac , b a e ie f ac , a d e
i ea dc i i g a i g e ffe e. (People
ffe e i a ece a ea f c i i g he
. Emi , CA-G.R. No. 13477-R, Jan. 31, 1956)
he .
Page 14 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
The e ie f ac b f a i gle c i i al a. Real a e ial l ali - Diffe e c i e

i l e a be e e a ed d i g a l g i a , a e a i he c cie ce f he
e i d f i e. ffe de ; he ffe de ha be i hed f
A e a a e e B, de a di g each a d e e ffe e ha he c i ed.
P5,000 de h ea f dea h a d b i g he
a e' h e. T h a e , A e agai b. F al ideal l ali - O eci i a
a he e e B, a i g he a e h ea . F iabi i :
h a e , A e agai a he e e B, 1. Whe he ffe de c i a f he
a i g he a e h ea . Si h he eaf e , comple c ime i A ic e 48;
A e a he e e B, a i g he a e 2. Whe he la ecifica fi e a i g e
h ea . Thi i e, A a a e ed f ga e e a f e ffe e c i ed
h ea . (S ecia C e C i e ); a d
3. Whe he ffe de c i
I a he d ha he diffe e ac f e di g con in o c ime .
e e f de a d f e ih h ea i
a d b he h e f he ffe ded a A . 48. Pe al f c le c i e . Whe
c i e e a d he a e c i e fga e a i gle ac c i e ega e
h ea b f a i ge c i i a i e a ai le g a e fel ie , he a ffe e i a
a defi i e b ec i e. (See People . Mo eno, ece a ea f c i i g he he ,
C.A., 34 O.G. 1767) he e al f he ei c i e hall be
i ed, he a e be a lied i i
Ac i ci ei ac i , a f ac a i e i d.
e ie f ac e f b a i ge i e
a d e a ed b a i e i e f ce, h e e Thi a ic e e i e he c i i f a ea 2
g a i e i a cc . (Malla i . People, ci e . B he 2 e g a e o le g a e
p a) fe ie be he e f a ingle ac , a
ffe e be a nece a mean fo
The e i l ec i ec i ed. commi ing he he . The c i e one
A c i ed c i e i a i g e c i e c i i g f c i e i he e e f he a beca e he ffe de
a e ie f ac b a a i i g f eci i a ha one c iminal in en , he ce, he e i
e i . e e a i ed.
H e e , he ac a e dee ed di i c f PENALTY
e a he a h gh ceedi g f he a e The e a f c e c i e i he e a f
ci i a i e, ffe e ee c i ed. he ei c i e, he a e be a ied i
The i ci e ca be a ied. (People . i a i e i d. If diffe e c i e e i g
Ramo , 59 O.G. 4052) f e i g e ac a e i hed i h he a e
e a , he e a f a e f he ha be
f. C le C i e a d C ieC i e i ed, he a e be a ied i he a i
e i d. Whe fe ie c i i gac e
PLURALITY OF CRIMES
ci eae i hab e b i i e a d fi e,
C i i he cce i e e ec ion, b he
e ec i e , he e a f i i e
ame indi id al, f diffe en c iminal ac ,
h d be i ed.
a f hich no con ic ion ha e bee dec a ed.
If he e i c ic i b fi a dg e a d he
N e: Thi i a if e fe i c i ed
c i e fa de he a e i e f he RPC, i i
c cea he he fe .
ecidi i .
Page 15 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
The e i c le c i e he e e f he cha ged i e i f a i . The a e e a a e

ffe e i e ali ed b a ecial la . ffe e b ec di i c e a ie (Lon ok .
A ic e 48 i a if e c i e i i hab e Go gonio, G.R. No. L-37396, 1979).
de he RPC, a d he he i hab e de a
S ecia Pe a La . Whe he c i e i c i ed b f ce i e ce,
igh h ica i ie a e ab bed. Th , he e
I a i : M de h icide i di i c f he a e i a h i hi age , h a
ci e f I ega P e i f U ice ed a acc ed i he e f a ce f hi d , ffe ed
Fi ea , he e he fi ea i ed i igh h ica i ie , he c i e f igh
e e a i g he i i g. M de a d h icide a e h ica i ie i ab bed i he c i e f di ec
defi ed a d e a i ed b he RPC a c i e a a . (People . Beni e , G.R. No. 48396,
agai e . The a e mala in e beca e 1942).
a ice dolo i a ece a i g edie he ef .
O he he ha d, he ffe e f i ega 2. COMPLEX CRIME PROPER: Whe a
e i f fi ea i defi ed a d i hed b ffe e i a ece a ea f c i i g
a ecia e a a . I i a mal m p ohibi m. I he he .
i hi g i ega e i f fi ea , he
ci i a i e f he e i a e i Re i i e : (TNP)
acc . A ha i eeded i in en o pe pe a e a. A ea T ffe e a e c i ed;
he ac p ohibi ed b la , c ed, f c e, b. O e e f he ffe e be
b anim po idendi. H e e , i be Nece a c i he he ;
c ea de d ha hi anim po idendi i a. Nece a ea i e i ae
ih ega d a he c i i a fe i i di e ab e ea ;
i e hich a acc ed a ha e ha b ed i c. B h a f he ffe e be P i hed
e i g he fi ea . (People . Q ijada, G.R. de he ame a e.
No . 115008-09, 1996)
Whe he e i c le c i e:
Ki d f C le C i e : a. I ca e f con in o c ime ;
1. COMPOUND CRIME: Whe a i g e ac
c i e 2 e ga e e ga e b. Whe e ffe e i c i ed conceal
fe ie . he he ;
E.g. Af e c i i g h icide, he
Re i i e : acc ed, i de c cea he c i e,
a. O a ingle ac i ef ed b he e fi e he h e he e i had bee
ffe de ; a d e e a ed (People . Be abal, G.R.
b. The i g e ac d ce : No. 24532, 1925).
i. T e g a e fe ie ; Se i g fi e he h ei a . Nei he
ii. O e e ga e a d e e h icide a a ece a
e g a e fe ie ; c i he he .
iii. T e e g a e fe ie .
c. Whe he he c i e i a indi pen able
Ligh fe ie d ced b he a e ac h d a a elemen f he he ffe e ;
be ea ed a d i hed a e a a e ffe e E.g. Acc ed f cib abd c ed a 19- ea
a be ab bed b he g a e fe . d gi , a d he he d he e
he a a ed. The c i e f f cib e
I a i : The igh fe ie f da age abd c i a a ece a ea f
e a d igh h ica i ie , b h c i i g he c i e f a e. (See
e i gf a i g e ac f i de ce, d People . Mang ia , G.R. No. L-28377,
c i e a c e c i e. The ca be 1928).
Page 16 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
d. Whe e e f he ffe e i e a i ed b a 4. U ai f ea igh (A . 312) ih

pecial la ; ei h ica i ie
E.g. M de h icide e ai di i c
f he c i e f I ega P e i f N e: I ca e he he ec i fai ed
U ice ed Fi ea , he e he fi ea i c c i e e ha h icide a c i ed
ed i e e a i g he i i g. (People f he e f bbi g he ic i , acc ed
. Q ijada, p a); a d ca be c ic ed f bbe i h h icide. I he
ecial c le ci e f bbe ih
e. Whe he i i ide f a - ie ed h icide, h icide i c i ed i de :
e a , e.g. U ai f e (A . a. faci i a e he bbe he e ca e f he
312), a ici c e e f a ea ch c i;
a a (A . 129), b ibe (A . 210, a . 1). b. e e e he e i b he c i f
he ;
SPECIAL COMPLEX CRIMES a e h e hich c. e e di c e f he c i i f
a e ea ed b a a i g e i di i ib e ffe e he bbe ;
a h gh c i i g e ha e ecific c i e d. ei i ae i e e he c i i f
a d i h ecific e a . he c i e.
EXAMPLES: 21 ab d d be e i f he e
1. Ra e i h h icide; e . The hee be f ab d
N e: H icide a a be i f ic ed a e i diffic c c de a igi a
c a ed, he i e, he a e e a a e ci i a i e f ee a i g e a e .
ffe e . The a e a ei he be (People . Cha e Bi anco , G.R. No. 207950,
c a ed a e ed; J. LEONEN, Sep embe 22, 2014)
2. Kid a i g i h h icide;
3. Kid a i g i h a e; The e e e f he ecia c e ci e f
N e: Diffe e f abd c i i h a e, a e i h h icide a e:
he ei he e i e d de ig 1. he a e a had ca a edge f a
4. R bbe i h h icide; a ;
N e: Addi i a h icide agg a a i g 2. ca a edge f a a a achie ed
5. R bbe ih a e b ea f f ce, h ea i i ida i ; a d
N e: Addi i a a e agg a a i g 3. b ea cca i f ch ca a
6. R bbe iha ;a d edge b ea f f ce, h ea
7. A i h h icide. i i ida i , he a e a i ed a a .
Ci e i l ed ca be legall I he ab e ce f di ec e ide ce, a e

c le ed: ci c a ia e ide ce i a ece a i
1. Ma ici b ai e ab i e e ice f i g he c i i f a e. Thi i beca e
ea ch a a (A . 129) i h e ; a e i ge e a i e ed a d e fe
2. B ibe (A . 210) i h i fide i i he c d he ic i i ef e if f he e f. I bec e
i e ; e e e diffic he he c e ci e f
3. Ma ea e f i e (A . 235) i h a e i h h icide i c i ed beca e he
ei h ica i ie ; a d ic i c d ge e if . (People . ZZZ,
G.R. No. 228828, J. LEONEN)
Page 17 of 354
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COMPARATIVE TABLES
Ma erial Pl rali . Con in ed Crime

REAL OR MATERIAL PLURALITY CONTINUED CRIME
The e i a e ie f ac ef ed b he The e i a e ie f ac ef ed b he ffe de .

ffe de .
Each ac e f ed b he ffe de c i e a The diffe e ac c i e e c i e beca e
e a a e c i e, beca e each ac i gene a ed b all f he ac ef ed a i e f one c iminal
a c iminal imp l e. e ol ion.
Ordinar Comple Crime . Special Comple / Composi e Crime

ORDINARY COMPLEX CRIME SPECIAL COMPLEX CRIME OR
COMPOSITE CRIME
AS TO THEIR CONCEPT
I i ade f e c i e bei g p ni hed I i ade f e c i e , hich a e
in di inc p o i ion f he Re i ed Pe a C de c ide ed a componen f a i ge
b a eged i ei f a i ei he beca e he i di i ib e ffe e bei g p ni hed in one p o i ion
e e b gh ab b a ingle ac p od cing o f he Re i ed Pe a C de.
o mo e g a e o le g a e felonie beca e
e ffe e i a nece a mean f c i i g
he he ffe e ffe e .
Each ac e f ed b he ffe de c i e a The diffe e ac c i e e c i e beca e
e a a e c i e, beca e each ac i gene a ed b all f he ac ef ed a i e f one c iminal
a c iminal imp l e. e ol ion.
AS TO PENALTY
Pe a f he mo e io c ime ha be I i he e a pecificall p o ided f he ecia
i ed a d i i ma im m pe iod. c e c i e ha ha be a ied acc di g he
e i ii f he e a .
Page 18 of 354
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Comple Crimes nder Ar . 48 . Special Comple Crimes

E a le f C le C i e C e ed b E a le f S ecial C le C i e
A icle 48
1. Di ec a a i h: 1. Q a ified Pi ac / Q a ified i ;
a. H icide; 2. R bbe i h:
b. M de ; a. Se i Ph ica I ie (SPI): ic i f SPI
c. Se i Ph ica I ie Le Se i h d be he bbe ; he i e, he
Ph ica I ie ; a e e a aec i e ;
d. T a d he di ba ce ; N e: de he 4 h ac , i e ce eed
2. E afa h fa ifica i f a p blic doc e ; e i SPI; ha he i e ce be
3. Ma e a i h fa ifica i ; ece a f he c i i f he
4. Di cha ge f fi ea i h SPI LSPI; c i e;
5. G a e h ea i h i e i a ab i ; b. H icide
6. H icide i h i e i a ab i ; I e a e e a e
7. Pa icide i h ab i (i e i a ecede he i i g. O he i e, e aae
i e i a ); c i e f h icide/ de / a icide a d
8. F cib e abd c i ih a e hef a e c i ed. The a d e
If he e a e i e a e , e i be e i e ha he ic i f bbe i a he
c e ed i h f cib e abd c i , a d he ic i f h icide;
e ha be c ide ed e a a e c i e ; a d c. Ra e
9. Si e ed c i b ea f ai f I e gai a ecede a e. Thi
fficia f c i . d e c e bbe iha e ed
a e.
d. I e i a M i a i : Ca a i a he ;
e. A : R bbe h d ecede a .A d
a e, h icide, SPI, i e i a
iai h d be c i ed e e,
a i be c ide ed a a
agg a a i ci c a ce.
3. Ra e i h h icide (a , a e ed a d
f a ed a e i h h icide): h icide
be b ea f cca i f a e;
4. Ra e i h e i i ega de e i
Kid a i g i h a e if he e i a a e ed
a e, i ha be c ide ed a a e a a e c i e.
Rega d e f he be f a e , he e i
e c i e;
5. Kid a i g i h
d. M de ;
e. H icide ( a e N e f pecific in en );
Rega d e f he be f ic i i ed,
he e i eci e f pecial comple
c ime of kidnapping i h homicide o
m de , a he ca e a be; a d
c. Se i Ph ica i ie .
e d f ic
Page 19 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
II. CIRCUMSTANCES AFFECTING 1. SELF-DEFENSE (PAR. 1)

CRIMINAL LIABILITY
Righ I cl ded i Self Defe e:
Defini ions
Se f-defe e i c de he defe e f he
IMPUTABILITY RESPONSIBILITY
pe on bod f he e a a ed b a ha
Defi i i : he a i Defi i i : he
f hi igh , h e igh he e e f hich
b hich a ac a b iga i f ffe i g
i ec ed b a . A ide f he igh ife
be a c ibed a he c e e ce f
hich e he egi i a e defe e f e ,
e a i a h c i e . I i he
e ha e he igh e ac i ed b ,a d
e.I i ie b iga i f a i g
he igh h hich i he ea i ed f
ha he ac he e a a d ci i
a a i . (Re e ci ing 1 Viada, The
c i ed ha bee c e e ce f he
Re i ed Penal Code Book 1, 172, 173, 5 h edi ion)
f ee a d c i e.
c ci d ea d
The igh o hono . He ce, a a he face i
a , he ef e, be
c ide ed a a f agg e i i ce he face
d he d e
e e e a e a d hi dig i . (R ga V.
a hi e .
People G.R. No. 147789, 2004)
I ie ha a deed I ie
ha he
a be i ed a e a e he a. Defe e f e ;
e . c e e ce f b. Defe e f igh ec ed b a ;
ch a deed. c. Defe e f e ;a d
d. Defe e f cha i .
GUILT i a e e e f e ibi i , f a a
ca be ade a e f he c e e ce Rea h e al la ake elf- defe e
faci e e he i g i . la f l:
a. I i ba ed ha i e f e f-
a. J if i g Ci c a ce
e e ai b a a d a f hi
Ge e al C ce a e a a h a bei g.
J if i g Ci c a ce a e h e he e he b. Cla ici : g ded he i ibi i
ac f a e i aid be i acc da ce i h he a f he S a e a id a e e
a , ha ch e i dee ed ha e agg e i a d ec a e a f
a g e ed he a a d i f ee f b h a ac ed.
c i i a a d ci i iabi i . The e i ci ea d c. P i i i : a e e ci e f a igh , a ac f
he e i c i i a. cia ice d e e e he a ac f a
agg e i .
The e i a ci i iabi i , e ce i a. 4 f
A ic e 11. Ele e : (URP)
1. U la f l Agg e i ;
Ba i N e: A i di e ab e e i e e .
a. The a ec g i e he -e i e ce f a a. Ac al h ica a a agg e i a
ci eb e e i i ;a d immedia e a d imminen h ea i e i ed;
b. Lac f c i i a i e . b. Th ea e ed a a f a i edia e i d
be offen i e a d po i i el ong
B de fP f ho ing he ongf l in en o ca e inj ;
I i i c be he acc ed e he a d
if i g ci c a ce c ai ed b hi he c. The defe e ha e bee ade d i g
a i fac i f he c . he e i e ce f agg e i , he i e, i i
ge if i g;
Page 20 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
2. Rea able ece i f he ea Re alia ion . Self-defense

e l ed e e e el i ; RETALIATION SELF-DEFENSE
The agg e i ha a The agg e i a
Te f ea ab e e : beg b he i ed ill e i ing he
a. Na e a d a i f he ea ed b a al ead cea ed o he agg e a
agg e e i he he acc ed i ed di ab ed
b. Ph ica c di i , cha ac e , i e a d a ac ed hi . b he e
he ci c a ce f agg e ; a i g a defe e.
c. Ph ica c di i , cha ac e , i e a d NOT e f-defe e a
ci c a ce f e defe di g if i g ci c a ce.
hi e f ;
d. P ace a d cca i fa a ; N e : U la f l Agg e i
N e: Pe fec e a i be ee he
ea ed a e ia a. The a ac ade b he decea ed a d he
c e abi i be ee he ea f i i g f he decea ed b defe da h d
a ac a d defe e b he e defe di g cceed each he ih a eciab e
hi e f a d ha f he agg e i i e a f i e.
e i ed beca e he ic i d e Acc ed ha e i e cca i f
ha e fficie i a d a ii de ibe a i a d c hi i g.
f i d hi a d ca c a e hich b. I c ef he e a ac ed b he
ea e. The a ee e ie acc ed.
ra ional eq i alence; a d c. The e i a f agg e i he he e
a a ag ee e figh e agg e i
3. Lack f fficie P ca i he a f cc ed bef e he i a ed i e a d ace
he e defe di g hi elf i he ag ee e .
d. Whe he agg e f ee , a f
FIRST ELEMENT: U la f l agg e i agg e i cea e e i .
a. Ki d f Agg e i e. Me e be ief f a i e di g a ac i
La f l: f fi e fad he e e ci e fficie .
f a igh e b ic ffice e ceed hi f. I e a i i a e f fac , he be ief f he
a h i ;a d acc ed a be c ide ed i de e i i g
Unla f l. he e i e ce f a f agg e i . E.g. e
b. I i e i a e a a a ea h ea e ed f a e ica g ided he acc ed be ie e
a a fa i edia e a d i i e a e. be a ea g .
c. The e be a ac al ph ical a a g. I ca e f a h ea , i be ffe i e a d
a e , a ea a h ea i f ic g, ii e h i g he gf i e
ea i . ca e i .I i e e he he e
d. The h ea be offen i e a d po i i el a ac ed face ea a d i edia e h ea
g, h i g he gf i e ca e e ife. (People . Ve ga a, G.R. No.
a i . 177763, 2013)
e. Pe il e Life
Ac al: he da ge be e e , ha H De e i e he U la f l Agg e :
i , ac all i e i e ce; I he ab e ce f di ec e ide ce de e i e
I i e : he da ge i he i f h ed he c f ic , i ha bee he d ha i
ha e i g. I i e i ed ha he a ac ha be e ed ha , i he a e f he de
a ead begi , f i a be a e. f hi g , he e h a dee ffe ded b
f. Pe il e Li b - I c de ei he he i a he e h be ie ed he had a igh
afe f e e f h ica i ie . de a d e a a i f he e e a f ha
Page 21 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
i , a d he e h c he fi b he f. The eace ffice , i he e f a ce f hi

he a a i fied i h he e a a i ffe ed d , ep e en he la hich he m
(Uni ed S a e . La el, G.R. No L-7037, 1912). phold. Whi e he a e f- defe e a
a i a e i di id a p e en epel a
4 Ki d f Self Defe e: (CPLD) agg e i , he d f a eace ffice
a. Se f-defe e f Cha i The e be e i e hi o e come hi e . A
a a e a e he ic i . police office i no e i ed o affo d a pe on
b. Defe e f P e M be c ed i h a acking him, he oppo ni fo a fai a d
a a ac he e f he e, e a gg e.
ee ed i h ch e .
I de e i i g ea able ea , e
A ac e a e a dee ed fac ae be c ide ed ch a :
fficie c ihee e f a f a. P e e ce f i i e da ge ;
agg e i . (People . Na ae , G.R. No. L- b. E e ge c hich he e defe di g
33466-67, 1983). hi e f ha bee e ed ;
c. Na e a d ali f he ea ed b
c. Se f-defe e i Libel J ified he he he acc ed c a ed he ea f he
ibe i ai ed a a e g d a e. agg e i ;
d. Defe e f Dig i a d f e Sa d. I e ed b he i i c f e f- e e a i ;
he face hich ace a e dig i a d
i ea da ge . (People . Sabio, G.R.No L- e. Si e a d/ h ica cha ac e f he
23734, 1967) agg e .
Sa d g d he i he igh - The a Pe fec e a i be ee he ea ed b

d e e ie a e e ea he hi he e defe di g a d ha f he agg e i
a ai a i a id ad a ci g hi ih a e i ed. Ra ional Eq i alence i e gh.
dead ea .
N e: The fi o e i i e h fa e ai ed
SECOND ELEMENT: Rea able Nece i f ae c elf-defen e, defen e of a
he Mea E l ed Pe e Re el i ela i e, and defen e of a ange .
a. The ea ab e e f ei he b h ch
ece i de e d he e i e ce f Lack f fficie ca i he a f
a f agg e i a d he a e a d he e defe di g hi elf
e e f he agg e i . a. The e defe di g hi e f ha e
b. T e e e f ece i : ece i f he gi e ca e f he agg e i b hi nj
c e f ac i a d ece i f he ea cond c b i ci i g i g he
e ed a ai a .
c. Nece i f he c e f ac i a e : he b. Ca e i hich hi d e i i e c ide ed
ece i f he c e f ac i a e e e :
de e d he e i e ce f a f c. N ca i a a a gi e he
agg e i . agg e b he e defe di g hi e f;
d. Nece i f he ea ed: he ea d. Whe , e e if a ca i a gi e , i a
e ed b he e a i g a defe e fficie ; a d
be a i a ece a e e e. Whe , e e if he ca i a fficie ,
e e a a f agg e i . i a gi e b he e defe di g
e. I e e i g e e i g a a f hi e f.
agg e i , he e defe di g ai a f. The e e ci e f a igh ca gi e i e
hi a ai a , a d i di c i i a e fi e hi fficie ca i .
dead ea .
Page 22 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
g. The ca i be fficie , hich N e: Sec i 26 f R.A. 9262 ide ha

ea ha i h d be i ae he Vic i - i h aef d b he c
ac f agg e i a d ade a e i he be ffe i g f ba e ed a
agg e i c i i . (People . d ed i c a c i i al a d ci il
Alconga, G.R. No. L-162, 1947) liabili i h a di g he ab e ce f a f
he ele e f j if i g ci c a ce f
Ba e ed W a S d e a a Defe e: elf-defe e de he Re i ed Pe a C de.
R.A. 9262: A i-Vi le ce Agai W e a d U de R.A. 9262, he Ba e ed W a S d e

Thei Child e Ac f 2004 Ma ch 8, 2004 ca be i ed a a defe e i h ha i g
e he e e e f e f-defe e i e a f
a. Ba e ed a - e h i e ea ed agg e i , beca e i i ec g i ed a a
b ec ed a f cef h ica ab ol o ca e ( a he ha a if i g
ch gica beha i b a a i de ci c a ce) de hi a .
c e ce he d e hi g he a he
d ih c ce f he igh . 2. DEFENSE OF RELATIVES (PAR. 2)
b. I c de i e e i a f f
i i a e eai hi ih e . ELEMENTS:
c. M g h gh ba e i g c c e f i e ce a. U la f l Agg e i ;
a lea TWICE. N e: A i di e ab e e ie e .
1. The e i -b ildi g ha e D i g
hi ha e, i ba e i g cc . I U a f agg e i eed e i a a
c d be e ba igh h ica ab e. a e f fac . I ca be ade de e d
The a a ie acif he he h e be ief f he e a i g a
ba e e h gh a h f i d, i g defe e, a he a ac ed he
a . A he a i e e he ic i i he be ief ha he a e a f
e ca a i f he i e ce e hibi ed b a ac ed hei fa he h a i g he
he ba e e . f he he a i ed. (Uni ed S a e .
2. The ac e ba e i g i cide E media, G.R. No. L-5749, 1910)
Cha ac e i ed b b ai ,
de ci e e , a d e i e dea h. b. Rea able ece i f he ea
The ba e ed a dee hi i cide e l ed e e e el i ;
a edic ab e, e a i e i ab e. (See di c ion nde pa . 1)
D i g hi ha e, he ha c .
O he ba e e a a e d he c. I ca e he ca i a gi e b he
i e ce. The a a ea i e e a acked, he e aki g he
ha he ca ea i h hi , a d ha defe e had a i ch ca i ;
e i a ce d e ace ba e he
c di i . The c a e, i ca e he ca i a gi e
3. The a il, l i g ha e Thi fi a b he e a ac ed, ed i a i g he hi d
ha e begi he he ac e ba e i g e i ie d e ea ha he e a i e
i cide e d . D i g hi e i d, he defe ded h d gi e ca i he
c e e e ie ce f d e ief. The agg e .I e e ae a e e hich a
ba e e a h a e de a d i g a a e ace;
beha i ad hi a e . The The e i i a egi i a e defe e f e a i e e e
ba e ed a ie c i ce he e f if he e a i e bei g defe ded ha gi e
ha he ba e i e e ha e agai ; ca i , ided ha he e defe di g
ha he a e i cha ge f he be e . ch e a i e ha a i he ca i .
Page 23 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
Rela i e e i led he Defe e: (SADAC) a i a ece i hich he a e i e . I each

a. S e; a ic a ca e, i i ece a dge he
b. A ce da ; ea i e ece i , he he e e
c. De ce da ; i e a i e, i acc da ce i h he e f
d. Legi i a e, a a ad ed b he a d a i a gic. The defe da a be gi e he
i e , e a i e b affi i i he a e be efi f a ea ab e d b a he he he
deg ee ; a d e ed a i a ea e e he agg e i .
Re a i e b Affi i : c ea ed b (Ma iano Ga cia . People, G.R. No. 224102, J.
a iage / a ; LEONEN)
e. Re a i e b C a g i i i hi he 4 h
ci i deg ee. 4. AVOIDANCE OF GREATER EVIL OR
Re a i e b c a g i i : b d INJURY (STATE OF NECESSITY) (PAR. 4)
ea i e
Ele e : (EIP)
N e: The e a i e defe ded a be he igi a 1. E il gh be a ided ac all e i ;
agg e . T if he ac f he e a i e a. E i ha i e e e ec ed a ici a ed
defe di g, he a e a i ch a ha e i he f e i
ca i . fficie ;
Ba i : H a i a ia e i e a d he 2. I j fea ed be g ea e ha ha d e
i l e f bl d hich i e e h, a id i ; a d
he cca i f g ea e i , he e c e f h e a. G ea e e i h d be b gh ab
c e he b ie f b d. b he eg ige ce i de ce f he
ac ;
3. DEFENSE OF STRANGER (PAR. 3) b. G ea e e i e f a
i ai f a b he ac ;
Ele e :
1. U la f l agg e i (i di e ab e 3. N he P ac ical a d le ha f l ea
e i e e ); f e e i gi.
2. Rea able ece i f he ea
e l ed e e e el i ; a d I ca e fa i g i hi bdi i i 4 f A ic e 11,
3. Pe defe di g be i d ced b he e f h e be efi he ha ha bee
e e ge, e e e he e il i e. e e ed, ha be ci i iab e i i
a. The defe e f a a ge be he be efi hich he a ha e ecei ed (A .
ac a ed b di in e e ed gene o 101).
mo i e.
N e: A h gh a a e, he e i ci i iabi i
A a ge i a e i c ded i he i if i g ci c a ce , i i i hi
e eai f eai e e i ed i a ag a h i a ce he e he e i ci i iabi i , b ci i
2. iabi i i b e b he e be efi ed.
Ba i : Wha e a d i hi defe e, a he
a d f hi . I ca e fa i g i hi bdi i i 4 f A ic e 11,
he e f h e be efi he ha ha bee
N e: Rea ab e ece i d e ea e e ed, ha be ci i iab e i i
ab e ece i . I be a ed ha e he be efi hich he a ha e ecei ed. (A .
h i a a ed ca ha e fficie a ii 101, RPC) The ci i iabi i he e i e -de ic .
f i d hi , ca c aea d a ec ai The ece i be d e he eg ige ce
hich ca ea i be ade i he ca e f he i ai fa a b he ac .
h e. I i he i di e ab e eed b he
Page 24 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
5. FULFILLMENT OF DUTY OR LAWFUL 3. Mea ed b b di a e ca aid

EXERCISE OF RIGHT OR OFFICE (PAR. 5) de i La f l.
Ele e : N e :
1. Acc ed ac ed i he e f a ce f d a. The ei ffice gi i g he de ca
i he a f e e ci e f a igh ffice; a d i e hi if i g ci c a ce.
2. I ca ed ffe e c i ed i he b. G d fai h i a e ia , a he b di a e i
ece a c e e ce f he d e iab e f ca i g a i ega de if
ef a ce f he d , he a f he i a a e f i i ega i a d he i
e e ci e f ch igh ffice. eg ige .
Ge e al le: S b di a e ca i e hi
N e : ci c a ce he de i pa en l illegal.
a. The acc ed e ha he a d
a i ed he ii c ai ed he a E ce i : Whe he e i c i f a
di cha gi g a he i e f he c i i f i e i ib e f ce, de i e f
he ffe e. c ab e fea .
b. The decea ed a de he b iga i
e de , a d had igh , af e e adi g b. E e i g Ci c a ce
e ice f hi e e ce, c i a a
Ge e al C ce
a d di bedie ce i h a ea i hi ha d,
EXEMPTING CIRCUMSTANCES ( -
hich c e ed he ice a e
i abi i ) a e h e g d f e e i
ch e e e ea , hich, a h gh i
f i h e d e ab e ce f a
ed be fa a , a ified b he
c di i i he age f he c i e hich a e
ci c a ce . (People . Delima, G.R. No.
he ac a eg ige .
L-18660, 1922)
Tech ica , e h ac b i e f a
I i ece a ha he e be a f
e e i g ci c a ce c i a c i e,
agg e i again he pe on cha ged i h he
a h gh b he c e e ab e ce f a f he
ec i f he e . If he e i a f
c di i hich c i e f ee i
agg e i agai he e cha ged i h he
ai e f he ac , c i i a iabi i a i e.
ec i f he e , he a ag a h 1 f A .
(G e a a)
11 a ie , i bei g a defe e f igh e .
The e i , he ef e, a c i e, b c i i a.
D c i e f Self-Hel
The e a f e f a hi g ha he
Ba i : The e i comple e ab ence f
igh e c de a e f he e e
a i e (i.e., i e ige ce, f eed f ac i ,
a d di a he e f. F hi e, he a
i e ), ab e ce f eg ige ce he a f
e ch f ce a a be ea ab ece a
he acc ed.
e e e e a ac a h ea e ed
a f h ica i a i ai f hi
The b de f f e he e i e ce f
e .
a e e i g ci c a ce ie i hi he
defe e.
6. OBEDIENCE TO AN ORDER ISSUED FOR
SOME LAWFUL PURPOSE (PAR. 6)
Ele e : (OLL)
1. A O de ha bee i ed b a ei ;
2. The de ha a La f l e a d
ae i ega ; a d
Page 25 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
J s if ing Circ ms ances . E emp ing ea di ce e i h a de i a i f f ee

Circ ms ances i . Thi d e i c de e e ab ai f he
JUSTIFYING EXEMPTING e a fac ie . The i a e i no o e emp if i
WHO/WHAT ca be h ha he ac ed d ing a l cid in e al.
IS Ac Ac I i ece a ha he e be a comple e
AFFECTED dep i a ion of in elligence hi e c i i g he
Ac i Ac i gf ac , ha i , ha he acc ed be de i ed f
NATURE
c ide ed b ac i ea ; ha he ac i ho he lea
OF ACT
ega iab e di ce nmen ; ha he e be a o al dep i a ion
Ye , b i ce f f eed f he i . (People . Fo migone ,
EXISTENCE
ai e i G.R. No. L-3246, 1950)
OF A N e
ab e he ac
CRIME
i iab e The defen e e ha he acc ed a
N c i e, The e i a c i e, i a e a he i e f he c i i f he c i e,
ci i a, c i i a, beca e he e i i a a i fa f
ci i a c i i a iabi i . a i .
iabi i .
The e i ci i N e: I a a icide ca e, People . Lacena, 69
N ci i iabi i iabi i EXCEPT Phil. 250, he S e e C he d ha he
EXCEPT ci i a A . 12(4) acc ed ffe ed f a ig a a a ia, a
iabi i i A . [i b ee di ea e ha ca e di ba ce i he e
11(4): U de accide ] a d e , ca i g, a g he c ica i ,
A . 101, he (7) [a f ac e a ia, e a ch a d e ce i a
e f ca e] i a i , e i e . Th , he acc ed did
LIABILITY
h e be efi i c ci i a e ibi i , i ce he
he ha ha ci c a ce i hich he a e a de ed
bee he h ba d e ea ha he ca ied ch ac
e e ed a a i e he he ffe ed f i a i a a
ha be ci i e f he i e .
iab e i
i N e: "Whe e i i h ha defe da had cid
he be efi i e a , i i be e ed ha ffe e a
hich he c i ed i e f he .
a ha e
ecei ed. Ba i : C e e ab e ce f i e ige ce, a
ee e f ai e .
1. IMBECILITY OR INSANITY (PAR. 1)
TIME WHEN EFFECT ON
IMBECILITY e i he a e , hi e f ACCUSED CRIMINAL LIABILITY
ad a ced age, ha a e a de e e SUFFERS
c a ab e ha f chi d e be ee 2 a d 7 INSANITY
ea d. A i beci e i e h i de i ed A he i e f he E e f ci i a
c ee f ea di ce e a d f eed c i i f he iabi i
f he i a he i e f c i i g he c i e. He fe
i e e i a ca e f ci i a iabi i . Acc ed i c i i a
iab e, b ia i be
D i g ia
INSANITY e i he he e i c ee e ded i he
de i a i f i e ige ce ea ih he e a ca aci f he
Page 26 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
acc ed be e ed i. C i i g a c i e hi e i a d ea (People
aff d hi a fai ia ; . Taneo, G.R. No. L-37673, 1933);
a d acc ed i j. S a b i ee a i g (People .
c i ed a h ia. Gimena, G.R. No. L-33877, 1931); a d
E ec i f dg e k. C i i g a c i e hi e ffe i g f
i e ded, a d he a ig a a a ia. (People . Lacena, G.R.
acc ed i c i ed No. L-46961, 1940)
Af e dg e f ah i a . The e i d f
hi e e i g c fi e e i he 2. MINORITY (PAR. 2 AND 3)
e e ce h ia i c ed f
he e f he Ba i : C e e ab e ce f i e ige ce
e ci i f he
e a . B de f P f: A e a egi g he age f
he chi d i c f ic i h he a ha he b de f
The e ide ce f i a i efe o he ime i g he age f he chi d.
p eceding he ac de he ec i o he
e momen f i e ec i . If age i c e ed PRIOR he fi i g f he
i f ai i c , a ca e f de e i a i f
Te fI a i : age de a ceedi g a be fi ed
1. C g ii :c e e de i a i f bef e he Fa i C hich ha e de i
i e ige ce i c i i g he c i e; a d deci i i hi 24 h f ecei f
2. V i i : a de i a i f f eed f i . eadi g .
Sc e f he e I a i : PAR 2: A e de i e ea f age
a. Demen ia p aeco : i e i ib e h icida (M dified b Sec i 6 f RA 9344 FIFTEEN
i e; YEARS OF AGE AND BELOW)
b. Schi h e ia: ch ic e a di de
cha ac e i ed b i abi i di i g i h PAR 3: A e e i e ea f age a d
be ee fa a a d ea i a d fe de fif ee , le he ha ac ed ih
acc a ied b ha ci a i a d di ce e i hich ca e, ch i hall
de i ; be ceeded agai i acc da ce i h he
c. K e a ia if i d ce a i e i ib e i i f A icle 80 f hi C de.
i e ea a he he acc ed ha
bee de i ed f hi i hich d e ab e a. Sec i 6 f RA 9344 dified hi : a
hi e e hi e f f d i g hi ac ; e OVER 15 ABOVE a d UNDER 18
N e: If i di i i he he e e ci e f le he ha ac ed i h di ce e .
hi i - e, i i a e e i g b. A ega i f ih i e i i he
ci c a ce b a i iga i g i f ai i fficie a ega i f
ci c a ce. di ce e .
d. E i e : ch ic e di ea e c. Sec i 38 f RA 9344: A oma ic
cha ac e i ed b fi , cc i g a i e a , S spension of Sen ence. - O ce he chi d
a e ded b c c i e i f he h i de eigh ee (18) ea f age a he
ce a d fc ci e ; i e f he c i i f he ffe e i f d
e. Feeb e i ded e : no e emp ing; g i f he ffe e cha ged, he c hall
f. Ped hi ia: no in ani ; de e i e a d a ce ai a ci il liabili
g. A e ia: no p oof of men al condi ion of he hich a ha e e ed f he ffe e
acc ed; c i ed. H e e, i ead f
h. O he ca e f ac f i e ige ce; ci g he j dg e fc ic i ,
he c hall lace he child i c flic
Page 27 of 354
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i h he la de e ded e e ce, e. S iffi g f gb de P e ide ia Dec ee

ih eed f a lica i : P o ided, N . 1619, ch ec i bei g
ho e e , Tha e i f e e ce ha i c i e i h he U i ed Na i
i be a ied e e if he e i e i a ead C e i he Righ f he Child:
eigh ee ea (18) f age e a he i e P o ided, ha aid e hall de g
f he ce e f hi /he g i . a ia e c eli g a d ea e
d. U e i f e e ce a d af e ga .
c ide i g he a i ci c a ce f he
chi d, he c ha i e he a ia e Di ersion . In er en ion
di ii ea e a ided i he DIVERSION INTERVENTION
S e eC R e J e i e i C f ic A a e a i e, chi d- A e ie f ac i i ie
i h he La . (RA 9344, Sec. 38). a ia e ce hich a e de ig ed
f de e i i g he add e i e ha
PERIODS OF CRIMINAL e ibi i a d ca ed he chi d
RESPONSIBILITY ea e f a chi d i c i a ffe e. I
AGE OF 15 a d bel c f ic i h he a a a e he f f
ABSOLUTE he ba i f hi /he a i di id a i ed
IRRESPONSIBILIT cia , c a, ea e ga
Y ec ic, hich a i c de
AGE OF Be ee 15-18 ch gica c e i g, i
CONDITIONAL ed ca i a ai i g, ed ca i ,
RESPONSIBILITY bac g d ih a d he ac i i ie
18 e e i g f a ha i e ha ce
AGE OF FULL c ceedi g . hi /he ch gica ,
(ad e ce ce) 70
RESPONSIBILITY (Sec ion 4 (i), R.A. e i a a d
( a i )
15 e b le 9344) ch - cia e -
AGE OF ha 18, ffe de bei . (Sec ion 4 (l),
MITIGATED ac i g i h R.A. 9344)
RESPONSIBILITY di ce e ; e A CICL i e i ed A chi d fif ee (15)
70 ea f age de g a Di e i ea f age de
P g a , af e he/ he a he i e f he
EXEMPTING PROVISIONS UNDER RA 9344 i f d e ib e c i i f he
(JUVENILE JUSTICE AND WELFARE ACT OF f a ffe e i h ffe e i e e
2006): e i g f a f c i i a iabi i ,
a. SEC. 57. S a s Offenses. - A c d c c ceedi g . b ha be b ec ed
c ide ed a ffe e e a i ed if (Sec ion 4 (j), p a) a i e e i
c i ed b a ad ha be g a . (Sec ion 6,
c ide ed a ffe e a d ha be p a)
i hed if c i ed b a chi d.
b. SEC. 58. Offenses No Applicable o PLEASE SEE SPL REVIEWER FOR A MORE
Children: Pe be eigh ee (18) DETAILED DISCUSSION ON DIVERSION V.
ea f age ha be e e f INTERVENTION PROGRAMS p. 347
ec i f :
c. The c i e f ag a c a d i i de 3. ACCIDENT WITHOUT FAULT OR
Sec i 202 f he Re i ed Pe a C de, INTENTION OF CAUSING IT (PAR. 4)
d. Me dica c de P e ide ia Dec ee N .
1563, ACCIDENT i a cc e ce ha ha e
ide he a f i , a d a h gh i
Page 28 of 354
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c e ab h gh e ac f i , i lie Ba i : C e e ab e ce f f eed .
be ond he b d f h a i fo e eeable
con e ence . The f ce be i e i ib e a red ce he
ac or o a mere ins r men h ac
Ele e : ih i b again hi ill. The c i
1. A e i ef i g a la f l ac ; be f ch a cha ac e a ea e
2. Wi h d e ca e; i he acc ed f e ca e e f-
3. He ca e a i j a he b ee defe e i e a c ba . (People . Lo eno, G.R.
accide ;a d No. L-54414, 1984)
4. Wi h fa l i e i f ca i g i .
5. UNCONTROLLABLE FEAR (PAR. 6)
Acciden . Negligence
ACCIDENT NEGLIGENCE UNCONTROLLABLE FEAR ea ha he
A e e hich de Fai e b e e ffe de e i i ida i h ea i
he ci c a ce i ha deg ee f ca e, c e i g a he c i a c i e. The
a eca i a d c i i b ea f i i ida i h ea ,
e ec ed b he igi a ce hich he no fo ce i e ce.
e h i ci c a ce
ha e . de a d ih Ele e :
hich ch he 1. The h ea hich ca e he fea i of an e il
e ffe i . g ea e han, o a lea e al o, ha hich
he i e i ed c i;a d
Ba i : Lac f eg ige ce a d i e . U de hi 2. I i e a e il f ch g a i and
ci c a ce, a e d e c i ei he imminence ha a di a a d ha e
a i e i a fe a c ab e fe . cc bed i .
Whe clai f accide a ecia ed: Re i i e :

a. Re ea ed b ;a d 1. E i e ce f a c ab e fea ;
b. Th ea e i g d ecedi g i a d i 2. The fea be ea a d i i e ;a d
ai i g he g a he a e b d f he 3. The fea f a i i g ea e ha a ea
ic i . e a ha c i ed.
4. IRRESISTIBLE FORCE (PAR. 5) Ba i : C e e ab e ce f f eed , a

ee e f a i e . A ac d e b e
IRRESISTIBLE FORCE ea ha he ffe de agai i i ac .
e i e ce h ica f ce c e a he
e c i a c i e. D e be a a id defe e h d be ba ed
eal, imminen o ea onable fea f e ife
Ele e : (PIT) i b. I h d be i i ed b ec a i e,
1. The c i i b ea f Ph ical fa cif e e fea . A h ea f f ei i
f ce; e gh.
2. The h ica f ce be I e i ible; a d The acc ed ha e i f
3. The h ica f ce c e f a Thi d e ca e e f-defe e.
e .
Pa i a d bf ca i ca a
i e i ib e f ce.
Page 29 of 354
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Irresis ible Force . Uncon rollable Fear Ordinar . Pri ileged Mi iga ing
IRRESISTIBLE UNCONTROLLABLE Circ ms ances
FORCE FEAR ORDINARY PRIVILEGED
Vi e ce The ffe de e Th e e e a ed i Pa . 1 f A ic e 13,
h ica f ce i i ida i h ea i a . 1-10 f A ic e A ic e 64, 68, 69;
c e a he c e i g a he 13;
e c i a c i a c i e. Pa . 1 a d 2 a e A ic e 64 a ie
c i e. i i eged i iga i g he he e a e
de A ic e 68 a e di a
6. PREVENTED BY AN INSUPERABLE a e ded b R.A. N . i iga i g
CAUSE (PAR. 7) 9344 a d A ic e 69; ci c a ce
ih a ge e ic
INSUPERABLE CAUSE i e i e, hich agg a a i g
ha a f , a h ica e e ed a ci c a ce ;
e d ha he a c a d . S ce ib e f bei g Ca be ff e b
ff e b a agg a a i g
Ele e : (RFL) agg a a i g ci c a ce ; a d
1. A ac i Re i ed b a be d e; ci c a ce; a d
2. A e Fai ef ch ac ; a d If ff e b a P d ce he effec f
3. Hi fai e ef ch ac a d e agg a a i g i i g he
e La f i e ab e ca e. ci c a ce, ffe de he e a
d ce he lo e b one o o
Ba i : Acc ed ac ih i e , he hi d effec f a i g he deg ee ha ha
c di i f a i e i i e i a fe . e a ided b ided b a f
a f he c i e i i he c i e.
E a le : minim m pe iod, i
a. A ie ca be c e ed e ea ha ca e f di i ib e
a c fe ed hi . e a .
b. A ffice i iab e f a bi a de e i
f fai e de i e a i e a dicia
1. INCOMPLETE JUSTIFYING OR
a h i he he e a a ai ab e
EXEMPTING CIRCUMSTANCES ( a . 1)
a ai .
c. Mi iga i g Ci c a ce Ci c a ce fJ ifica i E e i
hich a gi e Place Mi iga i :
Ge e al C ce 1. Se f-defe e;
MITIGATING CIRCUMSTANCES ae h e 2. Defe e f Re a i e ;
hich, if e e i he c i i f he c i e, 3. Defe e f S a ge ;
d e i e f ee he ac f ci i a iabi i , 4. S a e f Nece i ;
b e e REDUCE he e a . 5. Pe f a ce f D ;
6. Obedie ce O de f S e i ;
Ba i : Di i i f ei he f eed f ac i , 7. Mi i : 15 a d e i 18 ea f age;
i e ige ce, i e , he e e e e i 8. Ca i g i b e e Accide ; a d
f he ffe de . 9. U c ab e Fea .
A i iga i g ci c a ce a i i g f a i ge E ce i : A ic e 12, a . 1 a d 2 ca gi e
fac ab b a he he i iga i g ace i iga i , beca e he e a c di i
ci c a ce a i i g f ha a e fac . f a e i i di i ib e; he e i idd e
g d be ee a i a d i a i , be ee
Page 30 of 354
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e e ce a d ab e ce f i e ige ce. (Dec . of LEGAL EFFECTS OF VARIOUS AGES OF

S . C . f S ai f Dece be 19, 1901 a d f THE OFFENDER
Oc be 3, 1884). 15 a d bel E e ed f e a
e ibi i
Thi i iga i g ci c a ce a ie he a Wi h di ce e :
he e i i e a e e e . If a i f he e e i g
e i i e a e e e , i i a i i eged i iga i g ci c a ce
ci c a ce. Ab e 15
b de 18 Wi h di ce e :
N e : e a i ed ced b
a. I c ee e f-defe e, defe e f e (1) deg ee e
e a i e , a d defe e f a ge : a f ha ha i ed
agg e i be e e . Mi deli e Se e ce e ded
Whe 2 f he e i i e e i ed a e de 18 ea f
e e , i h d be c ide ed a a age h ac ed
i i eged i iga i g ci c a ce WITH di ce e
efe ed i A . 69.
O e 18 ea a d F ci i a
b. I c ee if i g ci c a ce f
bel 70 e ibi i
a ida ce f g ea e e i i : if a f
Mi iga i g,
he a 2 e i i e i ab e , he e i a
i ii f dea h f
i iga i g ci c a ce.
dea h e a , if
c. I c ee if i g ci c a ce f
70 ea e a ead i ed,
ef a ce f d : he e i di a
e ec i f dea h
i iga i g ci c a ce de A . 13, a . 1,
e a i e ded
he he if i g e e i g
a dc ed.
ci c a ce ha 2 e i i e .
d. I c ee e e i g ci c a ce f
3. NO INTENTION TO COMMIT SO GRAVE A
accide
WRONG ( a . 3)
If he e i i e f (1) d e ca e, a d (2)
ih fa a e ab e , he ca e i fa
R le f he a lica i : Thi ci c a ce ca
de A ic e 365.
be a e i acc he he fac e
h ha he e i a able a d e ide
2. OVER 15 AND UNDER 18, IF THERE IS
di i be ee he ea e ed
DISCERNMENT OR OVER 70 YEARS OLD
e ec e he c i i a ac a d i c e e ce .
( a . 2)
(Uni ed S a e . Re e , 36 Phil. 904, 907)
a. O igi a i i hich ide ha
Fac ha ca be c ide ed a e:
ffe de de 18 i e i ed a i iga i g
1. Wea ed;
ci c a ce f i i i dee ed e ea ed
2. I i f ic ed;
b RA 9344.
3. Pa f he b d i ed; a d
b. Age f acc ed i de e i ed b hi age a
4. Mi d e f ffe de a he i e f c i i
he da e f c i i f c i e, da e f
f c i e.
ia .
c. Tha he ffe de i e 70 ea f age i
N e :
a ge e ic i iga i g ci c a ce.
a. I e , bei g i a i e a a e, be
dged b e e a ac .
Ba i : Di i i f i e ige ce, a c di i f
b. N a icab e he he ffe de
ai e .
e ed b e f ce.
Page 31 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
c. I i he i e i f he ffe de a he 2. I igi a e f he ffe ded a ;

e he he i c i i g he c i e a d
hich i c ide ed.
d. A ecia ed i de a ified b 3. I be i edia e he c i i f
ci c a ce ba ed a e f he c i e b he e h i ked
c i i , he a e f i d f he a. Th ea i edia e ecede he ac .
acc ed.
e. N a ecia ed i de a ified b S fficien Pro oca ion
eache . AS A REQUISITE AS A MITIGATING
f. N a icab e fe ie b eg ige ce. OF INCOMPLETE CIRCUMSTANCE
g. N a icab e fe ie he e i e i i SELF DEFENSE
i a e ia . I e ai i I e ai i
h. A icab e ffe e e i g i ab e ce he a e e ce he a
h ica i ie a e ia ha . f he e f he ffe ded
i. I c i e agai e h d die a defe di g hi elf. a .
a e f he a a , he ab e ce f he
i e i ed ce he fe ee THREAT h d be ffe i e a d ii e
h ica i ie , b i d e c i ea g. O he i e, i d be a a f
i iga i g ci c a ce de A . 13, a . 3. agg e i , hich a gi e i e e f-defe e
(People . Galacgac, C.A., 54 O.G. 1207) a d h ge a i iga i g ci c a ce.
j. Rec g i i g he a hibi
cha ac e i ic f ha i g, he a ide ha Ba i : Di i i f i e ige ce a d i e .
a e cha ged i h he aid c i e ha
be e i ed he i iga i g ci c a ce 5. VINDICATION OF GRAVE OFFENSE (PAR.
ha he e a i e i c i 5)
g a ea g. (People . Tolen ino, G.R. No.
208686, 2015) Re i i e :
1. A g a e ffe e d e he e c i i g
Ba i : I e , a e e e f ai e i he fe , hi e, a ce da ,
i e i a fe , i di i i hed. de ce da , egi i a e, a a ad ed
b he i e e a i e b affi i
4. PROVOCATION OR THREAT ( a . 4) i hi he a e deg ee; a d
2. Fe i c i ed i i edia e
PROVOCATION i a i e i dica i f ch g a e ffe e.
c d c ac f he ffe ded a , ca ab e f
e ci i g, i ci i g i i a i g a e. N e :
a. I edia e all f a la e f i e, a
Re i i e : g a he ffe de i i ffe i g f he
1. P ca i be fficie ; e a ag b gh ab b he ffe e
a. S fficie ea ade a e e ci e a hi .
e c i he g a d b. G a e ffe e i c de a ac ha i
acc di g be i ae i ga i ; ffe i e he ffe de hi e a i e a d
b. De e d : he a e eed be a f .
i. The ac c i i g he c. The g a e ffe e be he i ae
ca i ; ca e i ae he ac f he ffe de .
ii. S cia a di g f he e d. Vi dica i i i c a ib e i h a i
ed; a d bf ca i .
iii. P ace a d he i e he he
ca i i ade;
Page 32 of 354
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e. The ca i h d be i ae 2. The i e be po erf l ha i

he da age ca ed b he ac a d ade a e a a d ced a i bf ca i
i e i c i i . i hi .
f. C c ide he f i g
de e i e he g a i f he ffe e i R le f he a lica i f hi a ag a h:
i dica i : Pa i bf ca i a c i e a
g. S cia a di g f he e ; i iga i g ci c a ce he he a e
h. P ace; a d a ef la f l e i e .
i. Ti e he he i a ade.
MITIGATING NOT MITIGATING
Compare Pro oca ion . Vindica ion Acc ed ac ed Ac i c i ed i a
PROVOCATION VINDICATION i e; ii f a e e ;
Made di ec l The g a e ffe e a d
he e a be c i ed Ac i c i ed i a
c i i g he fe ; a agai he i i f e e ge.
ffe de ea i e
e i ed b he a ; F he Re i i e :
Tha ca e ha The ffe ded a a. The e be a ac , b h nla f l a d fficien
b gh ab he ha e d e a d ce ch a c di i f i d; a d
ca i eed g a e ffe e; b. Said ac hich d ced he bf ca i a
be a g a e ffe e; fa e ed f he c i i f he
I i ece a ha The i dica i f he c i eb ac ide ab e e g h f i e, d i g
he ca i g a e ffe e a be hich he e e a igh ec e hi
h ea i edia el i a e, hich a e a i i .
eceded he ac ; ad i f a i e a
he e i i e a f f i e be ee he N e :
i e be ee he g a e ffe e d e a. E e ci e f a igh f fi e fd i
ca i a d he b he ffe ded a e ce f a i bf ca i .
c i i f he a d he c i i b. The ac be fficie d ce ch a
c i e; a d f he c i e b he c di i f i d.
acc ed; a d c. The defe e e ha he ac hich
I i ee i e C ce he h d ced he a i bf ca i
agai he e gi i g f a e , a ace a a i e fa e ed f he
he ca i ffe e hich i e c i i f he c i e.
h ea . h f d. The c i e c i ed be he e fa
c ide a i ha dde i e f a a a d c ab e
ee i e agai f .
he e gi i g he e. The ca e d ci g a i bf ca i
ca i . c ef he ffe ded a .
Ba i : Di i i f he c di i f f. I a a f a i ef ca e e i i g
ai e . i he h e be ief f he ffe de .
g. I i c a ib e i h lack of in en ion o
6. PASSION OR OBFUSCATION ( a . 6) commi e o g a e a ong.
h. Pa i bf ca i d e a i e if ac i
Re i i e : ac a ed b ii f a e e , ea ,
1. The acc ed ac ed a imp lse; a d a d e e ge.
i. I c a ib e i h:
Vindication of grave offense
Page 33 of 354
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Treachery N e: If a e i a he af e he a e
Evident Premeditation acc ed hi f ha i g a i ce ea i hi
i h hi he , he f e i g i f
Compare Passion/Obf sca ion . h icide. He i e i ed he i iga i g
Pro oca ion ci c a ce f a i a d bf ca i . The
PASSION/ PROVOCATION ic i e i i d be fficie
OBFUSCATION ca i f he acc ed ab hi . (People
C e f he C e f he i ed . Olo e io, G.R. No. 211159, J. LEONEN, Ma ch
ffe de a d a ; 18, 2015)
d ced b a
i e hich a 7. SURRENDER AND CONFESSION OF
be ca ed b GUILT ( a .7)
ca i ;
The ffe e hich M i edia e T Mi iga i g Ci c a ce :
e ge de ecede he a. V l a e de a e i a h i
e ba i f i d c i i f he hi age ; a d
eed be c i e; b. V l a c fe i f g il bef e he
i edia e; i i c i he e e a i f e ide ce f
e i ed ha he he ec i .
i f e ce he e f a
i he e he N e: Whe b h a e e e , he h d ha e
ci ei c i ed; he effec f i iga i g a i de e de
ci c a ce . (People . Fon abla G. R. No. L-
I b h, he effec i f ea a d e f-
43126, 1935)
c he a f he ffe de ; a d
Re i i e f V l a S e de :
If bf ca i a d ca i a e f e
1. The ffe de had bee ac all
a d he a e ac , b h ha be ea ed a
a e ed;
e i iga i g ci c a ce.
2. The ffe de e de hi e f a e
i a h i he a e age ;
Compare Passion/Obf sca ion . Irresis ible
a. PERSON IN AUTHORITY i e di ec
Force
e ed i h i dic i , i.e., a b ic
PASSION/ IRRESISTIBLE ffice h ha he e g e a d
OBFUSCATION FORCE e ec e he a he he a a i di id a
A i iga i g A e e i g a a e be f e c
ci c a ce; ci c a ce; g e e a c ai , b ad
N h ica f ce, Re i e h ica c i i ;
he ce, ca gi e f ce a ; b. AGENT OF A PERSON IN AUTHORITY
i e a i e i ib e i a e , h , b di ec i i f
f ce; he a , b e ec i b a i e
Pa i I e i ib e f ce b c e e a h i , i cha ged i h
bf ca i i i he c ef a hi d he ai e a ce f blic de a d
ffe de hi e f; a d e ;a d he ec i a d ec i f life a d
M ai ef U a f . e a da e h c e
a f e i e . he aid f e i a h i ;a d
3. The e de a l a .
Ba i : The ffe de h ac ih a i a. I be a e i ch a
bf ca i ffe a dimin ion f hi i e ige ce a e ha i h he i e e f he
a di e . acc ed e de c di i a
he a h i ie , ei he beca e he
Page 34 of 354
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ac edge hi g i beca e he c. If acc ed eaded g i , e e if d i g

i he a e he he be a d a aig e , he i e i ed i iga i g
e e e ece a i i c ed i hi ci c a ce a g a he i hd a hi
ea ch a d ca e. ea f g i he cha ge bef e he
fi cal c ld e e hi e ide ce.
N e : d. The cha ge f ea h d be ade a he
a. I i i iga i g he defe da a i fac fi i .
a e ed. e. A c di i a ea f g i i a i iga i g
b. Whe he a a f a e had bee ci c a ce.
e ed e ed e ed beca e he f. P ea a e e cha ge i a i iga i g
acc ed ca be ca ed, he e de i ci c a ce beca e he ea f g i a
i iga i g. he ffe e cha ged.
c. The a d e e i e ha he e de g. P ea he ffe e cha ged i he a e ded
be i he de f a e . i f a i , e e ha ha cha ged i he
d. S e de f ea ca be e a ed igi a i f ai i a i iga i g
ih a e de . ci c a ce.
e. V a e de d e i ea h. Whe e he acc ed ead g i a ca i a
-f igh . I i e i ed ha acc ed did ffe e, ha c ha c d c a ea chi g
e ca e e i hidi g. i i i he ai e a d f
f. The e de be b ea f he c ehe i f he c e e ce f hi
c i i f he c i e f hich defe da ea a d ha e i e he ec i
i ec ed. e hi g i a d he eci e deg ee f
g. I e i e de , ih ac a c abi i .
e de i g, i i iga i g. i. P ea f g i i i iga i g i c ab e
h. The e i a ei e e if he e de i fe ie a d i c i e i hab e b ecia
i d ced b fea f e a ia i b he ic i a .
ea i e .
i. Whe he ffe de i ed a c di i Ba i : Le e e e i f he ffe de .
ac ed i h e e a i , hi e de i
a . 8. PHYSICAL DEFECT OF OFFENDER ( a .
8)
Re i i e f V l a Plea f G il :
1. The ffe de a e l c fe ed hi N e :
g i ; a. Thi i a icab e he he ffe de i deaf
2. The c fe i f g i a ade i e a d d b, b i d, he i e ffe i g f
c , ha i , bef e he c ee c ha e h ica defec , e ic i g hi ea
i he ca e; a d f ac i , defe e c ica i ih
3. The c fe i f g i a ade prior he .
he e e ai f e ide ce f he b. Ph ica defec e ic ea f ac i ,
ec i . defe e, c ica i i h fe
bei g .
N e : c. The h ica defec eae he ffe e
a. P ea be made before rial begins a d c i ed.
a he firs ins ance or original s a e, d. Thi a ag a h d e di i g i h be ee
d i g a ia de he a ea . ed ca ed a d ed ca ed deaf- e bi d
b. P ea ade af e a aig e a d af e ia e .
ha beg d e e i e acc ed he
i iga i g ci c a ce. Ba i : I c e e f eed f ac i , a e e e
f ai e , d e h ica defec , hich
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e ic e ea f ac i , defe e, f hi i ae eai i h he ffe ded a ,

c ica i i h e fe bei g . (3) f a he e a ca e, ha
e e i iga e he iabi i f he i ci a ,
9. ILLNESS OF THE OFFENDER ( a .9) acc ice , a d acce ie a h ch
ci c a ce a e a e da . (A . 62, a . 3)
REQUISITES:
1. The ill e f he ffe de di i i h CIRCUMSTANCES WHICH ARE NEITHER
he e e ci e f hi ill- e ;a d EXEMPTING NOR MITIGATING:
2. S ch ill e h ld de i e he 1. Mi a e i he b abe a ion ic ;
ffe de f c ci e f hi ac . 2. Mi a e i he ide i ;
3. E a e ;
EXAMPLES: 4. Acc ed i e 18 ea f age; a d
a. Mi d beha i di de (i e f e e 5. Pe f a ce f igh e ac i .
a fac );
b. Ac e e i a i ga e i - d. Agg a a i g Ci c a ce
e e ed a d ea i a ge ed;
Ge e al C ce
c. Feeb e i ded e ( a be c ide ed
AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES a e h e
de a . 8);
hich, if a e da i he c i i f he c i e,
d. O e i h b e i ha i che a e be
e e i c ea e he e a i ed i i
e i i a ed a i e ih bid i fi i
a i ei d ided b a f he ffe e.
b i e ai i g c ci e ;a d
e. Schi -affec i e di de ch i .
Ba i : The g ea e e e i f he ffe de
a ife ed i he c i i f he fe a
Ba i : Di i i f i e ige ce a d i e .
h b :
a. The i ai g e i e f;
10. SIMILAR OR ANALOGOUS
b. The ace f he c i i ;
CIRCUMSTANCES ( a . 10)
c. The ea a d a e ed;
d. The i e;
EXAMPLES:
e. The e a ci c a ce f he ffe de ,
a. O aged fee i g f e f a i a a e
he ffe ded a .
f a a a g i dica i f a
g a e ffe e;
Ki d f Agg a a i g Ci c a ce :
b. I e f ea fee i g, i i a a i
1. Ge e ic: Ge e a a a ci e
a d bf ca i ;
a. Ad a age a e f b ic ii ;
c. Ma ife a i f Ba e ed Wife S d e,
b. C e i f b ic a h i ;
a a g a i e ha di i i he he
c. Ci e c i ed i he d e i g f he
e e ci e f i e;
ffe ded a ;
d. E i de c , i ia a i a d
d. Ab e f c fide ce b i
bf ca i ;
g a ef e ;
e. V a e i i f e e , i ia
e. Whe e c i e i c i ed i a ace f
a e de ;
Chief E ec i e, i hi e e ce,
f. E e e e a d ece i , i i a
he e b ic a h i ie a e e gaged,
i c ee ifica i ba ed ae f
i a ace f e igi hi ;
ece i ; a d
f. Nigh i e, i habi ed ace, ba d;
g. Te if i g f he ec i , a a g
g. Recidi i ;
ea f g i .
h. Rei e aci Habi a i ;
i. C af , f a d di g i e;
N e: Mi iga i g ci c a ce hich a i e (1)
j. U a f e ;
f he a a ib e f he ffe de , (2)
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k. B ea i g f a , f, f , d N e: E i e ae: i a ecia
i d ;a d agg a a i g a i iga i g ci c a ce
l. U e f e de 15 ea f age; (Re e , Book I);
2. S ecific: A a ic a c i e Differen ia ing Differen Kinds of Aggra a ing

a. Di ega d f a , age, e d e he Circ ms ances
ffe ded a i c i e agai e KINDS OF AGGRAVATING
a dh ; CIRCUMSTANCES
b. Ad a age f ei e gh ea Th e ha ca ge e a
be e ed ea e he defe e; a ci e .
c. T eache i c i e agai e ;
d. Ig i i c i e agai cha i ; GENERIC I c de a ag a h 1,2,3
e. C e i c i e agai e ;a d (d e i g),4,5,6,9,10,14,18
f. U e f ice ed fi ea i he de , 19, a d 20, e ce b
h icide c i ed: hi i ab bed ea f ehic e .
i ebe i , i ec i , edi i , a d Th e ha a
a e ed c d a ; (R.A. N . 8294) a ic a ci e (i.e.
ig i i c i e agai
3. Q alif i g: Cha ge he a e f he c i e cha i c e a d
a. Ale o ia ( eache ) e ide eache i c i e agai
e edi a i a ifie he i i g f a SPECIFIC
e );
e de ; a d
b. A . 248 e eae he a if i g I c de a ag a h 3
agg a a i g ci c a ce hich a if (e ce d e i g), 15,16,17
he i i g f a e de ; a d 21.
Th e ha cha ge he
4. I he e : M f ece i acc a he a e f he c i e (i.e
c i i f he c i e ale o ia e ide
a. E ide e edi a i i bbe , hef , e edi a i a ifie he
e afa, ad e a d c c bi age; i i g f a e
b. Ab e f b ic ffice i b ibe ; de );
c. B ea i g f a a a f e i a QUALIFYING
h e i bbe i h he e f f ce A ic e 248 e e a e he
hi g ; a if i g agg a a i g
d. F a d i e afa; a d ci c a ce hich
e. Decei i i e ed c i . a if he i i g f a
e de .
5. S ecial: Th e hich a i e de ecia
Th e ha f
c di i i c ea e he e a f he ece i acc a he
ffe e a d ca be ff e b i iga i g c i i f he c i e
ci c a ce . E a e :
(A ic e 62, a ag a h 2);
a. Q a i- ecidi i ;
INHERENT
b. C e ci e ;
E ide e edi a i i
c. Ta i g ad a age f b ic ii a d i he e i bbe , hef ,
e be hi i a ga i ed/ dica ed e afa, ad e a d
ci eg (A . 61, a . 1(a)); a d
c c bi age.
d. U e f ice ed fi ea i h icide
de .
Page 37 of 354
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Bases of Aggra a ing Circ ms ances G ea e e e i f he

P ice, e a d,
G ea e e e i f he ffe de a b he
i e (Pa . 11)
ffe de a h b i ai g e i e f.
Ad a age ake he e a B ea f Mea a d a
f blic ii ci c a ce f he i da i , fi e, e ed.
(Pa . 1) ffe de a d he ea e c. (Pa . 12)
ec e he Wa fc i i g he
c i i f he c i e E ide ci e i ie a
C e G ea e e e i f he e edi a i de ibe a e a i g f
i l blic ffe de a h b (Pa . 13) he ac bef e e ec i g
a h i ie (Pa . hi ac f e ec f i.
2) he b ic a h i ie Mea e ed i he
C af , f a d,
G ea e e e i f he c i i f he
di g i e (Pa . 14)
Di ega d f ffe de a h b c i e.
a k, age, e , he e a S ei e gh Mea e ed i he
d elli g f he ci c a ce f he ea c i i f he
ffe ded a ffe ded a a d he eake he c i e.
(Pa . 3) ace f he c i i defe e (Pa . 15)
f he c i e. Mea e ed i he
Ab e f G ea e e e i f he T eache (Pa .
c i i f he
c fide ce a d ffe de a h b 16)
c i e.
b i he ea a d a Ig i (Pa . Mea e ed.
g a ef l e e ed. 17)
(Pa . 4) Mea a d a
G ea e e e i f he U la f l e
e ed c i he
Place f ffe de a h b (Pa . 18)
c i e.
c i i f he ace f he Mea a d a
he ffe e (Pa . c i i f he B eaki g all
e ed c i he
5) c i e, hich be (Pa . 19)
c i e.
e ec ed.
Aid f i Mea a d a
Nigh i e, Ti e a d ace f he b ea f e ed c i he
i habi ed c i i f he c i e ehicle c i e; a d
lace ba d a d ea a d a (Pa . 20)
(Pa . 6) e ed. Wa e ed i
O cca i f Ti e f he c i i C el (Pa . 21)
c i i g he c i e.
cala i f he c i e.
i f e (Pa .
R le f Agg a a i g Ci c a ce
7) 1. Agg a a i g ci c a ce ha NOT be
Aid f a ed Mea a d a f a ecia ed if:
e , e c. (Pa . 8) c i i g he c i e. a. The c i e a ci e ecia
G ea e e e i f he i hab e b a ,
ffe de a h b b. I i i c ded b he a i defi i g a
Recidi i (Pa . 9)
hi i c i a i c i ci e a d e c ibi g he e a
ci e . he ef . (A . 62, a . 1)
G ea e e e i f he
Rei e aci
ffe de a h b E a le: Tha he c i e be c i ed b
habi ali (Pa .
hi i c i a i c i ea f fi e, e i (A . 14, a . 12) i i
10)
ci e .
Page 38 of 354
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i ef a c i e f a (A . 321) a ci e N e :
i i g de c i (A . 324). a. A icab e he he ffe de i a b ic
ffice h a e ad a age f hi b ic
2. I ha a NOT be a ecia ed if a ii .
agg a a i g ci c a ce i i he e i he b. The b ic ffice e he i fl e ce,
ci e ch a deg ee ha i f e ige a ce da c hich hi ffice
ece i acc a he c i i gi e hi a he ea b hich he ea i e
he e f. (A . 62, a . 2) hi e.
c. I i agg a a i g if acc ed c d ha e
3. Agg a a i g ci c a ce hich a i e f e e a ed he c i e ih cc i g
he f i g ha e e agg a a e he b ic ii .
iabi i f he i ci a , acc ice a d d. I i i he e i he ca e f acce ie de
acce ie , h ch ci c a ce A . 19, a . 3, a d he c i e c i ed b
a e a e da . (A . 62, a . 3): b ic ffice .
a. F he a a ib e f he ffe de ; e. R.A. 7659 ide ha c i e c i ed b
b. F hi i ae eai i h he a b ic ffice i be gi e he e a
ffe ded a ; e c ibed a i a i , ega d e f he
c. F a e a ca e a e a d be f i iga i g
ci c a ce .
4. Agg a a i g ci c a ce hich c i i f. Thi ci c a ce, a i g ad a age f
he f i g ha e e agg a a e he b ic i i , ca be a e i
iabi i f h e h had edge f he c ide a i i ffe e he e a i g
a he i e f he e ec i f he ac hei ad a age f fficia - ii i ade b a
c e ai he ei . (A . 62, a . 4): a i eg a e e e f he c i e, ch a i
a. I he a e ia e ec i f he ac ; a e ai de A . 217, i fa ifica i
b. I he ea e ed acc i hi. f d c e c i ed b b ic ffice
de A . 171. (People . Te e , 44 Phil.
5. Agg a a i g ci c a ce , ega d e fi 275, 277)
i d, h d be ecifica a eged i he g. Ta i g ad a age f b ic ii i
i f a i AND ed a f a he c i e i he e i he ca e f acce ie de A .
i ef i de i c ea e he e a (Sec. 9, 19, a . 3, a d i c i e c i ed b b ic
R le 110, 2000 R le of C iminal P oced e); ffice . (A . 204 245)
a d
2. THE CRIME BE COMMITTED IN
6. Whe he e i e ha e a if i g CONTEMPT OF OR WITH INSULT TO THE
agg a a i g ci c a ce e e , e f PUBLIC AUTHORITIES ( a . 2)
he i be a ecia ed a a if i g
agg a a i g hi e he he i be Ba i : G ea e e e i f he ffe de , a
c ide ed a ge e ic agg a a i g. h b hi ac f e ec f he b ic
a h i ie .
1. ADVANTAGE BE TAKEN BY THE
OFFENDER OF HIS PUBLIC POSITION Re i i e : (ENKC)
( a . 1) 1. The b ic a h i i E gaged i he
e e ci e f hi f c i ;
Ba i : G ea e e e i f he ffe de a 2. S ch b ic a h i i N he e
h b he e a ci c a ce f he agai h he c i e i c i ed;
ffe de a d a b he ea ed ec e 3. The ffe de K hi be a b ic
he c i i f he c i e. a h i ;a d
Page 39 of 354
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4. Hi e e ce ha e e ed he ffe de a. The e be a diffe e ce i he cia

f C i i g he c i i a ac . c di i f he ffe de a d he ffe ded
a .
A PUBLIC AUTHORITY, e i e ca ed a b. P f f fac f di ega d a d de ibe a e i e
e i a h i , i a b ic ffice h i i e i ed.
di ec e ed i h i dic i a d ha he e
g e a d e ec e he a . AGE a efe d age he e de age f he
ic i .
A AGENT OF A PERSON IN AUTHORITY i a. The ci c a ce f ac f e ec d e
a e h , b di ec i i f a b age a ie i ca e he e he ic i i f
e ec i b a i e b c ee e de age a e a f d age.
a h i , i cha ged i h he ai e a ce f b. De ibe a e i e ffe d i e i ed.
b ic de a d he ec i a d ec i f ife c. Di ega d f d age agg a a i g i
a d e . bbe i h h icide.
N e : SEX efe he fe a e e , he a e e .
a. Teache fe f a b ic a. Di ega d f e i agg a a i g i he
ec g i ed i a e ch a d a e ae ab e ce f e ide ce ha he acc ed
b ic a h i i hi he de ibe a e i e ded ffe d i he
c e ai f hi a ag a h. e f he ic i h ed a ife
b. A . 14, a . 2 d e a he he c i e di e ec he a h d.
i c i ed i he e e ce f a age . b. Ab bed i eache .
c. If he c i e i c i ed agai a b ic
a h i hi e he i i he e f a ce f hi N e :
fficia d , he ffe de c i di ec a. The 4 ci c a ce ca be c ide ed
a a ih hi agg a a i g i ge ge he . If a he f
ci c a ce. ci c a ce a e e e , he ha e he
d. K edge ha a b ic a h i i e e eigh f e agg a a i g ci c a ce .
i e e ia . Lac f edge he a f b. Di ega d f a , age, e a be a e
he ffe de ha a b ic a h i i e e i acc i c i e again pe on
i dica e ac f i e i i he b ic o hono .
a h i . c. The e be e ide ce ha i he
c i i f he c i e, he acc ed
3. THE ACT BE COMMITTED ( a . 3) delibera el in ended ffe d i he
a. Wi h i l i di ega d f he e ec e age f he ffe ded a .
d e he ffe ded a he acc
f hi a k, age, e , Whe N A licable:
b. I he d elli g f he ffe ded a , if he 1. Offe de ac ed i h a i a d bf ca i ;
la e ha gi e ca i . 2. The e e i a ea i hi be ee he
ffe ded a a d he ffe de ; a d
Ba i : G ea e e e i f he ffe de , a 3. The c di i f bei g a a i
h b he e a ci c a ce f he i di e ab e i he c i i f he c i e.
ffe ded a a d he ace f he c i i
f he c i e. DWELLING be a b i di g c e
e c i e ed f e a d c f ; a
RANK i he de ig a i i e f di i c i c bi a i fh ea d ei i c ded.
ed fi he e a i e ii f he ffe ded a. I c de de e de cie , he f f he
a i efe e ce he . ai ca e a d e c e de he h e.
Page 40 of 354
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b. I e i e ha he c i e be h a c. The e be a c e e a i be ee
be c i ed he ei i a i eg a a ca i a dc i i f c i e i he
he e f. d e i g.
c. D e i g d e ea he e a e
e ide ce d ici e f he ffe ded a D elli g i agg a a i g i he f ll i g
ha he be he e he e f. He a ca e :
be ac a i i g he ei e e f a e a 1. Ge e al R le: Whe b h he ffe de a d
d ai a ag e . he ffe ded a a e cc a f he
d. I i ece a ha he acc ed h d a eh e.
ha e ac a e e ed he d e i g f he a. E ce i : I ca e f ad e i he
ic i ; i i e gh ha he ic i a c ga d e i g, he a e i
a ac ed i ide hi h e, a h gh he agg a a i g. H e e , if he
a ai a a ha e de i ed ea aa a d e i he c ga
e e a e he a a f ih . d e i g, he a icab e agg a a i g
e. E e if he i i g ace ide he ci c a ce i ab e f
d e i g, i i agg a a i g ided ha he c fide ce.
c i i f he c i e a beg i he 2. Ge e al R le: Whe bbe i c i ed
d e i g. b he e f f ce hi g , d e i g i
f. D e i g i i c ded i he a if i g agg a a i g beca e i i i he e .
ci c a ce f eache . a. E ce i : D e i g i agg a a i g i
bbe i h i e ce agai
Ba e f agg a a i g ci c a ce f i i ida i f e beca e hi
d elli g: ca f bbe ca be c i ed
a. The ab e f c fide ce hich he ffe ded ih he ece i f e a i g
a e ed i he ffe de b e i g he f he ffe ded a h e.
d hi ; 3. I he c i e f e a d e i g, i i
b. The i a i f he a c i f he h e b i he e i c ded b a i defi i g he
e a i g he ei i h i e ce agai c i e.
he i f he e. 4. Whe he e f he d e i g ga e
fficie a d i edia e ca i .
N e : 5. The ic i i a d e e f he h e.
a. Offe ded a gi e ca i .
b. Mea i g f ca i i he agg a a i g 4. THE ACT BE COMMITTED WITH ABUSE
ci c a ce: OF CONFIDENCE OR OBVIOUS
1. Gi e b he e f he d e i g; UNGRATEFULNESS ( a . 4)
2. S fficie ; a d
3. I edia e he c i i f he Ba i : G ea e e e i f he ffe de , a
c i e. h b he mean a d a e ed.
N e: If a he e c di i a e e e , he The e a e 2 agg a a i g ci c a ce e e
fac ha he c i e i c i ed i he de a . 4, hich be i de e de
d e i g f he ffe ded a i NOT a a ecia ed if e e i he a e ca e.
agg a a i g ci c a ce.
Ab e f c fide ce e ie a pecial
Ra i ale: Whe i i he ffe ded a h confiden ial ela ion hip be ee he ffe de
ha ed he i cide , he e hi igh a d he ic i , hi e hi i e i ed f he e
he e ec a d c ide a i d e hi i be b i g a ef e .
hi h e.
Page 41 of 354
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Re i i e f Ab e f C fide ce: (TAF) i i g a highe e a de e he

1. Tha he ffe ded a had T ed he c i i f ch gf ac . (People of he
ffe de ; Philippine . Belen Meja e Valencia, G.R.
2. Tha he ffe de Ab ed ch b 225735, J. LEONEN, Jan a 10, 2018.)
c i i g a c i e agai he ffe ded
a ;a d Re i i e f Ob i U g a ef l e : (TAU)
3. Tha he ab e f c fide ce Facili a ed he 1. Tha he ffe ded a had T ed he
c i i f he c i e. ffe de ;
2. Tha he ffe de Ab ed ch b
N e : c i i g a c i e agai he ffe ded
a. The c fide ce be ee he ffe de a d he a ;a d
ffe ded a be i edia e a d 3. Tha he ac be c i ed ih b i
e a. U g a ef l e .
E.g.: A ea e , h had a ead
de e i ed i hi ee hea , i i ed N e: The g a ef e c e a ed b a . 4
he a ide i he c . The gi , be ch clea a d manife i g a i de
ec i g f hi a , e i h hi . he a f he acc ed.
Whi e he e e i he ca , he ea
e abbed he . I a he d ha hi 5. THE CRIME BE COMMITTED ( a . 5)
agg a a i g ci c a ce a e e . a. I he alace f he Chief E ec i e,
(People . Ma a igan, 70 Phil. 583, 594) b. I hi e e ce,
I c a : I he ca e f U.S. . To ida, c. Whe e blic a h i ie a e e gaged
23 Phil. 189,192, i a he d ha he i he di cha ge f hei d ie ,
e e fac ha he e had e ed d. I a lace dedica ed eligi
c fide ce i he defe da b e ec i g hi .
hi a b ic ffice d e ea ha
he ab ed hei c fide ce he he Ba i : G ea e e e i f he ffe de , a
c i ed e afa agai he . h b he ace f he c i i f he
Ab e f c fide ce i i he e i c i e, hich be e ec ed.
a e ai , a ified hef , e afa b
c e i i a ia i , a d N e: Ac a ef a ce f d ie i
a ified ed c i . ece a he c i e i c i ed i he a ace
b. I i a e e be a a f , i ce he i he e e ce f he Chief E ec i e.
ffe ded a be he e h ac a
e ed hi c fide ce i he ffe de . Re i i e ega di g P blic A h i ie :
1. C i e cc ed i he b ic ffice; a d
N e: If he acc ed i a d e ic he e h 2. P b ic a h i ie a e ac a ef i g
a ab e i e f he e e , he i hei b ic d ie .
iab e f a ified hef . Whi e he g a e ab e f
a d c fide ce e e d e d ce he Re i i e ega di g Place Dedica ed
fe a a effec , i i a ci c a ce ha Religi W hi : (D2ED)
agg a a e a d a ifie he c i i f he 1. The c i e cc ed i a ace Dedica ed
c i e f hef ; he ce, he i ii f a highe he hi f G d ega d e f e igi ;
e a i ece a . Af e acce i g a d a i g 2. The ffe de ha e Decided c i
he he e be a e be f he h eh d, h he c i e he he e e ed he ace f
e i g ch e he ec i a d hi ;
afe ee i g f he e e' ed e a d 3. The ace be E cl i el dedica ed
e ie , a b e e be a a f ha i b ic e igi hi ; i a e cha e a e
e i e a a a he ece i f i c ded; a d
Page 42 of 354
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4. The e be i e i De ec a e he Whe he e 3 ci c a ce a e e e i he
ace dedica ed b ic e igi hi . a e ca e a d hei e e e ca b i
i de e de , he ha be c ide ed
N e : e a ae .I i a icab e he he i iga i g
a. E ce f he hi d hich e i e ha fficia ci c a ce f a i bf ca i
f ci a e bei g e f ed a he i e f fficie ca i i e e i he
he c i i f he c i e, he he ace c i i f he c i e.
a e agg a a i g pe e e e if fficia
d ie ac f e igi hi a e bei g Whe Nigh i e, U i habi ed lace Ba d i
c d c ed he e. agg a a i g:
b. Ce e e ie a e c ide ed a ace 1. Whe i facili a ed he c i i f he
dedica ed hi . c i e;
c. Offe de ha e i e i c i a 2. Whe e peciall o gh f b he ffe de
c i e he he e e ed he ace. i e he c i i f he c i e f he
e fi i ;
Compare he aggra a ing circ ms ances 3. Whe he ffe de ook ad an age he e f
nder Par. 5 and Par. 2 f he e fi i .
PAR 5: WHERE PAR 2:
PUBLIC CONTEMPT OR NIGHTTIME (ob c idad) i ha ei d f
AUTHORITIES INSULT TO da e begi i g a he e d f d a d e di g
ARE ENGAGED PUBLIC a da .
IN THE AUTHORITIES a. C i i f he c i e begi a d be
DISCHARGE OF acc i hed i he igh i e.
THEIR DUTIES b. Whe he ace f he c i e i i i a ed b
P b ic a h i ie a e i he e f a ce f hei igh , igh i e i agg a a i g.
d ie . c. Nigh i e i e ecia gh f he
PLACE WHERE PUBLIC DUTY IS he i c i he c i e a c cei ed
PERFORMED f h bef e c i i he c i e
I hei ffice O ide f hei ffice a c i ed a igh a ca a
OFFENDED PARTY e c e.
d. A ba e a e e ha c i e a c i ed
Ma a be he P b ic a h i h d
a igh i i fficie . The i f ai
b ic a h i . be he ffe ded
a ege ha igh i e a gh f a e
a ; he c i e i
ad a age f, ha i faci i a ed he c i e.
ee c i ed i hi
e. Ci c a ce f c i , a h gh
e e ce.
ecia gh f , ha agg a a e c i i a
iabi i if i faci i a ed he c i i f he
6. THE CRIME BE COMMITTED ( a . 6):
ffe e he ffe de ad a age f he
(NUB)
a e c i he c i e.
a. I he Nigh i e,
b. I a U i habi ed lace,
Whe B h Nigh i e a d T eache ae
c. B a Ba d, he e e ch ci c a ce
Pe e :
a facili a e he c i i f he
Ge e al R le: Nigh i e i ab bed i
ffe e.
eache .
Ba i : Ti e a d ace f he c i i f he
E ce i : Whe e b h he eache de f
c i e a d ea a d a e ed.
a ac a d c i e e de ibe a e decided
i he a e ca e, he ca be c ide ed
Page 43 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
e a a e if ch ci c a ce ha e diffe e OR OTHER CALAMITY OR MISFORTUNE

fac a ba e . ( a . 7).
UNINHABITED PLACE (de poblado) i e Ba i : Ti e f he c i i f he c i e.

he e he e a e h e a a , a ace a a Rea f he agg a a i : Deba ed f f
c ide ab e di a ce f , he e he c i i ai e i e h , i he id f a g ea
h e a e ca e ed a a g ea di a ce f ca a i , i ead f e di g aid he aff ic ed,
each he . add hei ffe i g b a i g ad a age f hei
a. S i de be gh be e a ai he i f e de i he .
ci i a e a ea a d i e ed
acc i h e i e c cea e . Re i i e :
b. Wha h d be c ide ed i he he i he 1. The c i e a c i ed he he e a a
ace f he c i i f he ffe e, he e ca a i i f e i ia
a a ea onable po ibili f he ic i c f ag a i , hi ec , ea h a e
ecei i g e he . e ide ic; a d
2. The ffe de ad a age f he a e f
BAND (en c ad illa) efe a i ai he e c f i cha ic c di i f ch
he e a e e ha 3 a ed a efac ha i f e.
ha ha e ac ed ge he i he c i i fa
ffe e. N e :
a. The e be 4 e a ed e . a. Thi i a if he ffe de a
b. The a ed e c e a ed a be ed b he ffe ded a d i g he
i ci a b di ec a ici a i h ac ed ca a i / i f e.
ge he i he e ec i f he ac b. The ffe de a e ad a age f he
c i i g he c i e; i hi ca e, ca a i i f e.
c i ac i e ed.
c. If e f he f -a ed a efac i a 8. THE CRIME BE COMMITTED WITH THE
i ci a b i d ce e , he d f a AID OF ( a . 8):
ba d beca e he had di ec a ici a i . a. A ed e ,
d. B a ba d i agg a a i g i c i e agai b. Pe h i e aff d i i .
e agai e i he c i e
f i ega de e i ea b d e Ba i : Mea a d a fc i i g he
a c i e agai cha i . (Re e , c i e.
Book II ci ing People Co p , C.A. 43 O.G.
2249) Re i i e :
e. Thi i i he e i b iga dage. 1. Tha a ed e e a i he
f. Thi i ab bed i he ci c a ce f c i i f he c i e, di ec l o
ab e f ei e gh a d e f indi ec l ; a d
fi ea , EXCEPT he he fi ea ha 2. Tha he acc ed a ailed hi e f f hei aid
ice e he e i a ac f ice e ca elied he he he c i e a
he fi ea . c i ed.
g. Whe he a ed e e ca a ih
he , a d a c i e a he eaf e R le f he a lica i f he ci c a ce:
c i ed, i ca be c ide ed a a The ca a e e ce f a ed e ea he
agg a a i g ci c a ce. ace he e he c i e a c i ed d e
c i e a agg a a i g ci c a ce he i
7. CRIME BE COMMITTED ON THE a ea ha he acc ed did a ai f hei aid
OCCASION OF A CONFLAGRATION, e he c i he c i e.
SHIPWRECK, EARTHQUAKE, EPIDEMIC
Page 44 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
N e : c ic ed b fi a dg e f a he ci e
a. Thi agg a a i g ci c a ce e i e ha e b aced i he a e i e f he RPC.
he a ed e a e acc ice h a e A ecidi i i e i ed he be efi f he
a i a i ca aci di ec i di ec , I de e i a e Se e ce La b i di a ified
a d he he e e e e e e a he f a ai i g c edi f hi e e i e
c i e ce e. i i e .
b. If he e a e f a ed e , aid f a ed
e i ab bed i e e f a ba d. If Re i i e : (TPSC)
he e a e h ee a ed e e , aid f 1. Tha he ffe de i T ia f a ffe e;
a ed e a be he agg a a i g 2. Tha he a P e i c ic ed b fi a
ci c a ce. dg e f a he c i e;
c. I ha be c ide ed he b h he 3. Tha b h he fi a d he ec d ffe e
a ac i g a a d he a a ac ed e e a e e b aced i he Sa e i e f he C de;
e a a ed. a d
d. I i e e he he acc ed a e a 4. Tha he ffe de i C ic ed f he e
h e h c e a ed i h hi i he ffe e.
c i i f he c i e ac ed de he
a e a a d f he a e e. A he i e f hi ial f ec i e
e. Me e a ch gica aid e ia ce i a. I i e ed i i ge e a e e, i c di g
fficie c i e hi agg a a i g he e de i g f he dg e . I i ea
ci c a ce. i c de e e hi g ha i d e i he c e
f he ia , f a aig e i af e
Compare B a band . Wi h he aid of armed e e ce i a ced b he dge i e
men c .
BY A BAND (PAR. 6) WITH THE AID OF b. I i fficie ha he cceedi g ffe e be
ARMED ME (PAR. 8) c i ed af e he commi ion f he
A NUMBER ecedi g ffe e ided ha a he i e f
Re i e e ha A ea hi ia f he ec d ffe e, he acc ed
h ee a ed had a ead bee c ic ed f he fi
a efac ffe e.
A ACTION c. A e e i g i he he e a a d i
effec .
M e ha h ee P e e e e if e f
d. Pa d d e b i e a e he fac ha he
a ed a efac he ffe de ee
ha ha e ac ed e ied hei aid; acc ed i a ecidi i . Th , e e if he
ge he i he ac a aid i acc ed a g a ed a a d f he fi
ffe e b he c i a he fe
c i i f a ece a
e b aced i he a e i e f he C de, he
ffe e
fi c ic i i i c ed a e hi a
A LIABILITY
ecidi i
Ba d e be a e a A ed e a e e e
e. Bei g a di a agg a a i g ci c a ce,
i ci a acc ice
ecidi i affec he e i d f a
e a , EXCEPT i i i (A . 202)
9. THE ACCUSED IS A RECIDIVIST ( a . 9)
a d ga b i g (PD 1602) he ei ecidi i
i c ea e he e a ie b deg ee . N he
Ba i : G ea e e e i f he ffe de , a
ge e ic agg a a i g ci c a ce d ce
h b hi i c i a i ci e .
hi effec .
f. If b h ffe e e e c i ed he a e
A RECIDIVIST i e h a he i e f hi ia
da e, he ha be c ide ed a e,
f e c i e, ha ha e bee e i
he ce, he ca be e a a e c ed i
Page 45 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
de c i e ecidi i . J dg e f h d be agg a a ed b ecidi i , hich

c ic i ha ded d he a e da ca ea i be e .
ha be c ide ed a ec ic i . c. The c e e ci e i di c e i i
Ra i ale: Beca e he RPC e i e a i g hi agg a a i g ci c a ce
ha be c ide ed a e aae agai he acc ed.
c ic i , a he i e f hi ia f
e c i e he acc ed ha ha e bee FORMS OF REPETITION
e i c ic ed b fi a dg e f Ge e ic agg a a i g
he he . RECIDIVISM ci c a ce
g. T e ecidi i , i i ece a a ege (Pa . 9, A . 14)
he a e i he i f ai a d a ach Ge e ic agg a a i g
he e a ce ified c f he e e ce REITERACION OR
ci c a ce
e de ed agai he acc ed. HABITUALITY
(Pa . 10, A . 14)
h. Recidi i be a e i acc
E a di a
a e h a ea ha e i e e ed
agg a a i g
be ee he fi a d ec d fe ie .
ci c a ce (Pa . 5,
A . 62)
10. THE OFFENDER HAS BEEN PREVIOUSLY
PUNISHED: ( a . 10)
BUT N e: S ic
a. F a ffe e hich he la a ache
MULTI-RECIDIVISM ea i g, habi a
a e al g ea e e al
OR HABITUAL de i e c i a
b. F e ci e hich i
DELINQUENCY agg a a i g
a ache a ligh e e al .
ci c a ce a i
ei he a ifie
Ba i : G ea e e e i f he ffe de a
i c ea e he e a
h b hi i c i a i ci e .
f he gi e fe ,b
ide f a e a a e
Re i i e f Rei eracion Habi ali :
addi i a e a .
1. Tha he acc ed i ia f a ffe e;
S ecia agg a a i g
2. Tha he e i e ed e e ce f QUASI-RECIDIVISM
ci c a ce (A . 160)
a he ffe e hich he a a ache a
a. E a ;
b. G ea e e a ; 11. THE CRIME BE COMMITTED IN
c. F eci e hich i CONSIDERATION OF A PRICE, REWARD
a ache a igh e e a ha ha f OR PROMISE ( a . 11)
he e ffe e; a d
3. Tha he i c ic ed f he e ffe e. Ba i : G ea e e e i f he ffe de , a
h b he i ai g e i e f.
N e :
a. Q a i- ecidi i ca a he a e i e Re i i e :
c i e ei e acion i ce he f e e i 1. The e a e a ea i ci a :
bef e acc ed begi e e e e ce a. The i ci a b i d ce e ( e h
hi e e i g he a e hi e he a e e i ffe ); a d
af e acc ed ha d e ed e e ce, b. The i ci a b di ec a ici a i
he ce hi agg a a i g ci c a ce ca (acce );
a a a i- ecidi i . 2. The ice, e a d, i e h d be
b. If he a e e f fac c i e ecidi i e i a d i c ide a i f he
a d ei e acion, he iabi i f he acc ed c i i f he c i i a ac .
Page 46 of 354
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N e : d. Whe he e i ac a de ig i a
a. The ci c a ce i a icab e b h e i b i g a h e, i i ai a
i ci a . I affec he e h ecei ed e e if a e i i ed. Had he e bee a
he ice / e a d a e a he e h i e i , he c i e c i ed i de ,
ga e i a a a if i g ci c a ce, if a ified b he ci c a ce ha he c i e
a icab e (e.g. de ). a c i ed b ea f fi e.
b. If i h e i i e, i a gi e e. Fi e, e i , a d de ai e f c i e
ai af e he c i e had bee a be a f he defi i i f a a ic a
c i ed a a e e i f hi ci e ch a a , ci e i i g
a ecia i f he a h a d aid h de c i , a d da age a d b ci
b he he acc ed, i h d be a e ea f c ica i ; i he e ca e ,
i c ide a i f he e f he d e e i c ea e he e a .
i c ea i g he e a .
c. The ice, e a d i e eed Compare B means of in nda ion, fire, e c .
c i f a e ia hi g eed be On occasion of conflagra ion, ship reck
ac a de i e ed, i bei g fficie ha he BY MEANS OF ON THE OCCASION
ffe ade be acce ed bef e he INUNDATION, FIRE OF A
c i i f he ffe e. ETC (PAR. 12) CONFLAGRATION,
d. The i d ce e be he i a SHIPWRECK, ETC.
c ide a i f he c i i f he (PAR. 7)
c i e. The ci e i The ci e i
c i ed b ea c i ed he
12. THE CRIME BE COMMITTED BY MEANS f a ch ac cca i f a
OF: ( a . 12) i i g g ea a e ca a i
a. I da i ; i . i f e.
b. Fi e;
c. P i ; R les as o he Use of Fire:
d. E l i ; ACT OF THE CRIME
e. S a di g f a e el i e i al ACCUSED COMMITTED
da age he e ; I e a Si e a ih a
f. De ail e fal c i e; a d b h e b ecific e a (A .
g. B he e f a he a ifice eb d die 326)
i l i g g ea a e a d i .
If fi e a ed a a M de
ea i
Ba i : Mea a d a e ed.
Se a a e c i e f
If fi e a ed
a a d
N e : c cea he i i g
de /h icide
a. The ci c a ce de hi a ag a h i
be c ide ed a agg a a i g he he
13. THE ACT BE COMMITTED WITH EVIDENT
ae ed b he ffe de a a ea
PREMEDITATION ( a . 13)
acc i haci i a e.
b. Whe a he agg a a i g ci c a ce
Ba i : I ha efe e ce he a fc i i g
a ead a ifie he c i e, a f he e
he c i e, beca e e ide e edi a i i ie
agg a a i g ci c a ce ha be
a delibe a e la i g f he ac bef e e ec i g
c ide ed a ge e ic agg a a i g
i.
ci c a ce .
c. I da i efe e f ae ca i g
he a e f d i he c i i f he
ffe e.
Page 47 of 354
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Re i i e : agai he ffe de he agg a a i g

The ec i e ci c a ce f e edi a i , beca e
1. The i e he he ffe de de e i ed h e e i i ed b hi i c e a ed i
c i he c i e; hi e edi a i .
Me e h ea f a di ec a d ecific d. E ide e edi a i , hi e i he e i
cha ac e h acc ed a bbe , a be agg a a i g i bbe ih
de e i ed; h icide if he e edi a i i c ded he
2. A ac a ife l i dica i g ha he i i g f he ic i .
c l i ha cl g hi de e i a i ; a d e. If he acc ed i a he e , he e i
The e edi a i be ba ed e ide e edi a i a e da if he
e e a ac a d e ed f ec i fai e ab i h he i e he
e e a e f i e; he acc ed e ed i ic i . F
3. A fficie la e f i e be ee he e ide e edi a i be a ecia ed, i i
de e i a i a d e ec i , all hi i di e ab e h h a d he he
eflec he c e e ce f hi a i a ha ched h ch i e ha
ac a d all hi c cie ce e a ed bef e i a ca ied . The
ec e he e l i f hi ill. acc ed ac f i g ide a d ai i g
The ffe de ha e a i f he ic i e e ge d e c i e
c a d ee e hi a d a a e ac i dica i g hi e i i .
de ibe a e he ea i g a d he (People O dona Rendon, G.R. No.
c e e ce f ha he a ed 227863, J. LEONEN, Sep embe 20, 2017)
d , a i e a g e gh f hi
c cie ce a d be e dg e Effec f C i ac E ide
e c e hi e i de i e a d P e edi a i : C i ac Pe e
che e. P e edi a i
a. Ge e al R le: Whe e c i ac i di ec l
E e ce f P e edi a i : e abli hed, i h f f he a e da
The e ec i f he c i i a ac be de ibe a i a d e ec i f he e h d, i e
eceded b c h gh a d ef ec i he a d ea f e ec i g he c i e, he
e i ca he c i i a i e d i g e i e ce f e ide e edi a i ca be
he ace f i e fficie a i e a a ca a e f g a ed.
dg e . (People . D an e, 53 Phil. 363, b. E ce i : Whe c i ac i
1929). i lied, e ide e edi a i a be
a ecia ed, i he ab e ce f f a
N e : h a d he he a i he ic i a
a. The e be e ide ce h i g ha he ha ched ha i e had e a ed bef e i
acc ed edi a ed a d ef ec ed hi a ca ied .
i e i be ee he i e he he c i e
a c cei ed b hi a d he i e i a E ide P e edi a i N Agg a a i g
ac a e e a ed. Whe :
b. P e edi a i i ab bed b e ad a. Ge e al R le: E ide e edi a i a
i e i fa a he i d ce i be a e i acc he he e
c ce ed, b he e i d ced i ce h he defe da ed i a
e ca be a i ci a b di ec a ici a i diffe e f he e h beca e hi ic i
ih he be efi f d e ef ec i . (e o in pe onae).
c. Whe he ic i i diffe e f ha b. E ce i : The e a a ge e a a i
i e ded, e edi a i i agg a a i g. a e c i he c i e e edi a ed.
H e e , if he ffe de e edi a ed he
i i g fa e ,i i e c ide
Page 48 of 354
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14. CRAFT, FRAUD, OR DISGUISE BE N e :

EMPLOYED ( a . 14) a. C af a d f a d a be ab bed i eache
if he ha e bee de ibe a e ad ed a he
Ba i : Mea e ed i he c i i f he ea , e h d f f he eache
c i e. a eg , he a c -e i i de e de
he e he a e ad ed f diffe e e
A lica i f Pa . 14 i he c i i f he c i e.
C af (as cia): I e i e ec a ic e b. Whe e he acc ed e e ded hi e he
c i g he a f he acc ed; A chica e di e i de ge hi ehic e, i a he d
e ed b he acc ed aid i he e ec i ha he e a c af di ec ed he hef f he
f hi c i i a de ig . I i e ed a a che e ehic e, e aae f he ea
i he e ec i f he c i e. b e e ed eache i he
defe e e d i e . (People . San Ped o,
NOT AGGRAVATING: G.R. No. L-44274, 1980).
1. Where the unlawful scheme could have c. A i f ai i fficie he he acc ed
been carried out just the same even without i f a i ed f he cha ge agai hi
the pretense. (People v. Aspili, G.R. Nos. e ab e hi e a e hi defe e. The
89418-19, 1990) i c i f he h a e " ea i g a
2. Craft partakes of an element of the offense. a d/ he f f di g i e" i he
i f ai d e i ae hei
F a d (fra de): I idi d achi a i c i i a igh . The i d ci f he
ed i d ce he ic i ac i a a e hich ec i f e i ia e ide ce ha
d e ab e he ffe de ca hi de ig . e d e ha he acc ed e e a ed
b he a fe ff d e e e he
Compare Fra d . Craf f i c di g di g i e a a agg a a i g
FRAUD CRAFT ci c a ce. Wha i i a i a egi g
The ac f he di g i e a a agg a a i g ci c a ce i
The e i a di ec ha he e a a c cea e f ide i b
acc ed d e i
i d ce e b he acc ed. (People . Feliciano, G.R. No.
de a e
i idi d 196735, J. LEONEN, Ma 5, 2014)
he ici f he
achi a i .
ic i .
15. ABUSE OF SUPERIOR STRENGTH ( a .
Di g i e (disfra ): Re i g a de ice 15), THAT:
c cea ide i . a. Ad a age be ake f ei
a. The fac ha he a b e e fe d e g h,
h a i g he a f hi e b. Mea be e l ed eake he
ide ifica i d e e de he agg a a i g defe e.
ci c a ce f di g i e i a icab e.
(People . Caba o, G.R. No. L-37400, 1988) Ba i : Mea e ed i he c i i f he
b. The e f he ffe de i i g a c i e.
de ice be c cea hi ide i .
c. The e f di g i e i he he he de ice N e :
c i a ce e ed b he ffe de a a. Pa . 15 c e ae agg a a i g
i e ded did a e ide ifica i e ci c a ce , ei he f hich a ifie a
diffic , ch a he e f a a fa e i i g de . (A . 248)
hai bea d. b. T a e ad a age f ei e gh
ea de ibe a e e e ce i e f ce
ha i f i he ea f
elf- defe e a ai ab e he e
Page 49 of 354
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a ac ed. (People . Lob iga , G.R. No. ega dle f he e e hei

147649, 2002) c aai e e gh ea i e ea e
c. F ab e f ei e g h, he e i he f he ic i / ic i . ic i ic i .
ea i e e g h f he ffe de a d he
ic i , he he he k ad a age The ffe de e l ea ha a e iall
f hi g ea e e g h. eake he e i i g e f he ffe ded a .
S ei e gh ake ad a age f: EXAMPLES:

a. Whe e a ac a he i h a i a d a. Whe e e, gg i g i h a he , dde
bf ca i ; h ac a e he head f hi e
b. Whe a a e a e e ec ed a d he he he d i hi .
fa a b a c a a i e he he b. Whe he ffe de , h had he i e i
agg e a d hi ic i e e e gaged i he ic i , ade he decea ed
agai each he a a a ;a d i ica ed, he eb a e ia ea e i g he
c. Whe a ac ic i a ade a e a e . a e e i i g e.
N e : N e: Thi ci c a ce i a icab e
a. The e be e ide ce ha he acc ed c i e agai e ,a d e i e agai
e e h ica ge a d ha he e a d e , ch a bbe ih
ab ed ch ei i . h ica i ie h icide.
b. The agg a a i g ci c a ce de e d
he age, i e a d e g h f he a ie ha 16. THE ACT BE COMMITTED WITH
he e be i i e ai f f ce . TREACHERY (ALEVOSIA) ( a . 16)
c. N be f agg e , if a ed, a i
ab e f ei e g h. Ba i : Mea a d a e ed i he
d. The e i ab e f ei e g h he c i i f he c i e.
ea ed i f i he
defe e a ai ab e he ffe ded a . The e i eache he he ffe de c i
e. Whe he e ae e ea ffe de a f he c i e agai he e ,e i g
a ici a i g i he c i e, he a be ea , eh d f i he e ec i
i ci a b di ec a ici a i a d hei he e f, hich e d di ec a d ecia
a ac agai he ic i be c ce ed i e i e ec i ih i hi e f a i i g
a d i e ded be . f he defe e hich he ffe ded a igh
f. Ab e f ei e g h i i he e i he a e. T eache ea ha he ffe ded a
c i e f a icide he e he h ba d i he a gi e i a e a defe e.
ife. I i ge e a acce ed ha he h ba d
i h ica ge ha he ife. Re i i e :
g. S e i e g h i ab bed a d i he e i 1. A he i e f he a ac , he ic i a
eache . (People Mobe, 81 Phil. 58) i a ii defe d hi elf; a d
h. S e i e g h ab b c ad illa (ba d). 2. The ffe de c ci ad ed he
a ic a ea , e h d f f a ac
Compare Aggra a ing Circ ms ances of e ed b hi .
S perior S reng h . Commi ed B a Band
BY A BAND SUPERIOR N e: I i he e a i e ii f he
STRENGTH a ie b a he he he ic i a
C i ed b e Ta i g ad a age b f e a ed aff ded he i a ea
ha h ee a ed he c i f hei defe e a d ff he a ac .
a efac c ec i e e gh
Page 50 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
R le Rega di g T eache : People, G.R. 181843, J. LEONEN, J l 14,

a. A icab e c i e agai e ; 2014)
b. Mea , e h d f eed i e e. H e e , People . Ramole e c ide ed
acc i h e f ci e b i eache a agg a a i g e e if he acc ed
e ec i ; a d h he ic i hi bac ih
c. The de f a ac be c ci de ibe a i beca e he a e a i g
ad ed. e ca e h gh he i d .
f. T eache i a ecia ed e e if he c i e
N e : agai he e i c e ed i h a he
a. The cha ac e i ic a d i a ab e fe i i g a diffe e c a ifica i i he
a ife a i f eache i he delibe a e, C de. Th , i he ecia c e ci e f
dde a d e ec ed a ac f he ic i bbe i h h icide, eache ca be
ih a a i g a d ih gi i g hi a ecia ed i fa a he i i g i
a i defe d hi e f e e he c ce ed.
i i ia a a . A h ee c c ; g. T eache a e i e e if he a ac i face
he i e, he e ca be eache . face, he e i a ea ha he a ac a
b. A ca be g ea ed f i de ce, he eceded b a di e a d he ffe ded
dde e a d e ec ed e f he a a ab e e a e hi e f f hi
a ac efe he a e b hich i i defe e.
e ec ed a d he f ai ( hich h. A ac f behi d i a a eache
be de ibe a e h gh f b he i a ea ha ch de f a ac a
ffe de ) f he a e f e ec i . (People c ci ad ed a d he e i f i
. Cadag, G.R. No. L-13830, 1961) ffe de be a e i acc .
c. Whe he ic i ha d a e he d b i. Ge e al le: T eache be ed b
he e hi e he i abbed, a d f c ea a d c i ci g e ide ce a d ca be
e , h a e a ed i h i e , ga g e ed.
hi , he ic i i c e e de i ed j. E ce i : T eache a ie i he i i g f
f a e ga i e defe d hi e f a chi d e e if he a e f a ac i
e a ia e. (People . Ca o, G.R. No. 211053, h .
J. LEONEN, No embe 29, 2017) k. The de f a ac be c ci
d. The e ec ed e f a a ac ca be ad ed.
he e ba i f a fi di g f eache , e e l. The acc ed a e e e aai
if he a ac a i e ded i a he , a i he decea ed i ch a a e a
g a he ic i ii a ee i e he e ec i f he c i e a e
accide a . F eache a e d, he e i i ib e ha d f he e a ac ed
be a de ibe a e c ci ad i f defe d hi e f e a ia e.
ea , e h d , a e f e ec i m. The de f a ac be h gh f b he
ha de e cce i c i i g he ffe de , a d i g f
c i e. If he ec i ca e ha e ec ed fe e .
he acc ed de ibe a e gh he e
ea , e h d , a e f e ec i , Whe M T eache be P e e :
he e ca be fi di g f eache . Thi i a. Whe he agg e i i c i ,
beca e he a ac igh ha e bee d e eache be e e i he begi i g
i e a a eac i he ic i f he a a l .
ca i , he he ea i agi ed. E a e: E e if he decea ed a
Ge e a , hi e f ca i ega e h hi e he a i g ded he
he e i e ce f eache a i d e e d g d, i a ea i g ha he fi i g f he
i ef e edi a i . (Ci e a U elo . h a a ee c i ai f he
a a i hich he decea ed a
Page 51 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
ded, i h a eciab e i e d. C ad i a ( ba d );
i e e i g be ee he de i e f he e. Aid f a ed e ; a d
b a d he fi i g f he h , i ca f. Nigh i e.
be aid ha he c i e a a e ded b
eache . N e: T eache ca c -e i ih a i
b. Whe he a a a c i , i bf ca i .
ha he e a i e i ,i i fficie ha
eache a e e a he e he Compare Treacher . Ab se of s perior
fa al bl a gi e . s reng h . Means emplo ed o eaken he
E a e: He ce, if he e a a b ea i defense
he c i i f he agg e i a d a MEANS
he i e f he fa a d a i f ic ed ABUSE OF EMPLOYED
he decea ed he a defe e e ; TREACHERY SUPERIOR TO WEAKEN
he ci c a ce f eache be STRENGTH THE
a e i acc . DEFENSE
c. T eache be e e a he i e f Mea , Offe de Mea ae
i ce i f he a ac , a d af e . E e if eh d , a e e ed b i
he eache cc i he b e e f ad a age f a e ia
age f he a a , if i a ab e f he e ed b hi ei ea e he
begi i g, i ca be a ecia ed a a he ffe de e gh a d e i i g e
agg a a i g a if i g ci c a ce. a e i d e f he ffe ded
Fai i g e he e e ce f he a if i g i ib e e a
ci c a ce f eache , he acc ed a e ha d f he ea ,
g i f he c i e f h icide, de . ffe ded a eh d ,
(People . Magallano, J . Flo e , G.R. a f f
220721, J. LEONEN, Decembe 10, 2018) f e i a ce a ac
T eache Sh ld be C ide ed E e If: 17. MEANS BE EMPLOYED OR

a. The ic i a ede e i ed b he e CIRCUMSTANCES BROUGHT ABOUT
a a ge e ic i e eache i a WHICH ADD IGNOMINY TO THE NATURAL
fi e be gi g a c a . (The EFFECTS OF THE ACT ( a . 17)
a e e b ai f e ide e edi a i ).
b. The e a aberra io ic s a d he b e hi Ba i : Mea e ed
a e diffe e f ha i e ded. (The Ig i i a ci c a ce e ai i g he
e i diffe e i e ide e edi a i ). a de , hich add di g ace a d b
c. The e a error in personae, he ce he he a e ia i ca ed b he c i e.
ic i a he e i e ded b he
acc ed. (A diffe e e i a ied i e ide N e :
e edi a i ). a. I i a icab e c i e agai cha i , e
ei h ica i ie , igh ga e
Rea : I i e he e i ib e f c e ci , a d de .
ei he he i e ded ic i he ac a ic i b. I i i he e i ibe a d ac f
defe d hi e f agai he agg e i . a ci i e .
T eache Ab b : (ACE CAN) Mea i g f hich add ig i he

a. Ab e f ei e g h; a al effec f he ac :
b. C af ; a. The ea e ed he ci c a ce
c. E i g ea ea e he b gh ab e d a e he effec
defe e;
Page 52 of 354
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f he c i e eh ilia i g he N e :
ffe ded a ha e. a. A icab e if ch ac e e d e b he
b. I ed a be dead he he ac ffe de effec e a ce.
ca i g ig i a i f ic ed hi b. I i ece a ha he ffe de h d
beca e he ac add he i ed ha e e e ed he b i di g. Wha agg a a e
a a ffe i g. he iabi i i he b eaki g f a a f he
b i di g a a ea fc i i g he c i e.
Compare Ignomin . Cr el
IGNOMINY (PAR. Compare breaking as means o commission
CRUELTY (PAR. 21)
17) of he crime . Af er an nla f l en r
I e a Refe h ica BREAKING AS
ffe i g ffe i g MEANS TO AFTER AN
COMMISSION OF UNLAWFUL ENTRY
18. MEANS BE EMPLOYED OR THE CRIME (PAR. (PAR. 18)
CIRCUMSTANCES BROUGHT ABOUT 19)
WHICH ADD IGNOMINY TO THE NATURAL I e he P e e ha
EFFECTS OF THE ACT ( a . 18) b eaki g he e i ch
( ompimien o) f he b eaki g a b e
Ba i : Mea a d a e ed c i e e a ed a f h gh he i d .
he c i e. he h e.
The e i la f l e he a e a ce (
e ca e) i effec ed b a a i e ded f he WHERE BREAKING OF DOOR OR WINDOW
e. IS LAWFUL:
a. A ffice , i de a e a a e , a
O e h ac , e ec i g he a e ec ed b b ea e a d i d f a
e g a d hei e a d ide f hei b i di g i hich he e be a e ed i
e a afe , h a g ea e e e i , a i ea ab be ie ed be (Sec. 11, R le
g ea e a daci , he ce, he a i he hi 113, of R le of Co ); and
ih e e ei . b. A ffice , if ef ed ad i a ce, a b ea
e a d i d e ec e he
N e : ea ch a a ibe a e hi e f. (Sec. 7,
1. D e i g a d a f e a e e aae R le 126 of ROC).
a agg a a i g ci c a ce i de
c i ed i a d e i g. 20. THE CRIME BE COMMITTED: ( a . 20)
2. Ma be c ide ed a agg a a i g i bbe a. Wi h he aid f e de 15 ea f
i h i e ce agai i i ida i f age,
e . b. B ea f ehicle , ai hi ,
3. N agg a a i g i e a d e i g a he i ila ea .
a f e i i he e he ei .
Ba i : Mea a d a e ed c i
19. AS A MEANS TO THE COMMISSION OF A he c i e.
CRIME, A WALL, ROOF, FLOOR, DOOR, OR
WINDOW BE BROKEN ( a . 19) T diffe e ci c a ce g ed i hi
a ag a h:
Ba i : Mea a d a e ed c i 1. Wi h he aid f e de fif ee
he c i e. ea f age
a. I e d e e he f e e ac ice
e ed b fe i a c i i a
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a ai he e e f i a i g de ece a i g h ica
ad a age f hei i e ibi i . ffe i g.
c. If he ic i a a ead dead he he ac
2. B ea f ehicle , ai hi , f iai e e bei g e f ed, hi
he i ila ea da a if he i i g de d e
a. I e ded c e ac he g ea agi g f hi c e. (A . 248)
faci i ie f d b de c i i a i d. N be f d a e d e h
aid ea c i c i e a d f ee c e , i bei g ece a h ha he
a d ab c d ce he a e i acc ed de ibe a e a d i h a
c i ed. i c ea ed he ffe i g f he ic i .
b. U e f ehic e i agg a a i g
he e he acc ed e a d N e: U i e i iga i g ci c a ce ( a . 10,
de ibe a e ed he ehic e i A . 13), he e i NO i i f agg a a i g
g i g he ace f he c i e, i ci c a ce f a i ia a a g
ca i g a a he effec he e f, a d i cha ac e .
faci i a i g hei e ca e.
c. O he i ila ea efe 22. OTHER AGGRAVATING
i ed ehic e he efficie CIRCUMSTANCES UNDER SPECIAL
ea f a ai i ia PENAL LAWS
a bi e ai a e.
d. N agg a a i g: ed l 1. USE OF UNLICENSED FIREARMS
faci i a e he e ca e e a ee a. If h icide de i c i ed i h
i cide a a d e gh he e f a ice ed fi ea , ch
faci i a e he c i i f he ffe e e f a ice ed fi ea ha be
c ide ed a a agg a a i g
21. THE WRONG DONE IN THE COMMISSION ci c a ce. (Sec. 1, a . 3)
OF THE CRIME BE DELIBERATELY b. Whe a e c i a c i e de
AUGMENTED BY CAUSING OTHER he Re i ed Pe a C de S ecia La
WRONG NOT NECESSARY FOR ITS i h he e f e i e i c di g b
COMMISSION ( a . 21) i i ed i b , c c ai
b b , de a i age i ce dia
Ba i : Wa e ed c i he c i e. de i e e i g i he dea h f a e ,
he a e i agg a a i g. (Sec. 3)
The e i c el he he c i e j a d
deligh i a i g hi ic i ffe a d 2. COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUGS
g ad a , ca i g ece a h ical ai ACT
i he c ai f he c i i a ac . a. Whe a c i e i c i ed b a
ffe de h i de he i f e ce f
Re i i e : da ge d g , ch a e ha be
1. The i ca ed be delibe a el c ide ed a a a if i g agg a a i g
i c ea ed b ca i g he g; a d ci c a ce . (Sec. 25)
2. The he g be ece a f he b. F d g he h e i
e ec i f he e f he ffe de . e a i ca aci a ed i di id a a
e , c ie a d e e ge , i
N e : a he ca aci di ec c ec ed
a. C e i i he e i ila i . he da ge d g a d/ c ed
b. The d f d he b d f he ic i ec a d e e ia che ica ade,
be i f ic ed hi e he a i ai e i he a i e a ha be i ed i
e e ca e. (Sec. 5)
Page 54 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
c. If he ic i f he ffe e i a i a 1. RELATIONSHIP
e a i ca aci a ed i di id a , The a e a i e ci c a ce f e a i hi ha
h d a da ge d g a d/ a be a e i c ide a i he he ffe ded
c ed ec a d e e ia a i he:
che ica i ed i a ffe e he ei 1. S e;
ided be he i a e ca e f dea h 2. A ce da ;
f a ic i he e f, he a i e a 3. De ce da ;
ided f de hi Sec i ha be 4. Legi i a e, a a , ad ed b he
i ed. (Sec. 5) i e;
5. Re a i e b affi i , i he a e deg ee, f
SPECIFIC AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES: he ffe de ;
a. Vi a i f d ici e: igh i e, a e 6. S e fa he e he a d e
effec e ed i edia e ; e da gh e (People . Be abal,
b. I e i f e igi hi : i e ce G.R. No. 24532, Decembe 11, 1925); a d
h ea ; 7. Ad i e a e a d ad ed chi d.
c. Di ec a a : ea , ffe de i a b ic
ffice e ee, ffe de a ha d Whe Rela i hi i Mi iga i g:
a e i a h i ; 1. C i e agai e ,b a a g , he
d. G a e h ea : i i i g, h a idd e a ; i i f A . 332:
e. R bbe i h i e ce agai i i ida i a. R bbe , ai , fa d e
f e : i habi ed ace, ba d, i e c ,a da ;a d
EXCEPT bbe i h h icide bbe b. Re a i hi i e e i g i hef ,
i h a e; a d e afa, a d a ici i chief.
f. R bbe i h f ce hi g : i habi ed 2. C i e agai e
ace a d b a ba d. a. Whe he ffe e c i ed i le
g. Ig i i c i e agai cha i ei h ical i j ie ligh
h. C e a d eache i c i e agai h ical i j ie a d he ffe ded
e . a i a ela i e f a l e deg ee.
e. Al e a i e Ci c a ce Whe Rela i hi i Agg a a i g:

1. C i e agai e
ALTERNATIVE CIRCUMSTANCES a e h e
a. I i agg a a i g he e he ffe ded
ha be a e i c ide a i a
a i a eai e f
agg a a i g i iga i g acc di g he a e
i. A highe deg ee ha he ffe de ,
a d effec f he c i e a d he he c di i
a e di g i c i i .
ii. Whe he ffe de a d he
ffe ded a a e e a i e f he
Ba i : Na e a d effec f he c i e a d he
a e deg ee.
he c di i a e di g i c i i .
b. I h ica i ie
Al e a i e Ci c a ce :
i. The c i e agai e i
a. Re a i hi ;
ei h ical i j ie , e e if
b. I ica i ; a d
he ffe ded a i a de ce da
c. Deg ee f i c i a d ed ca i f he
f he ffe de . B he e i
ffe de .
h ica i ie be i f ic ed
b a ae hi chi d b
e ce i e cha i e e .
ii. The ffe e c i ed i le
ei h ical i j ie ligh
Page 55 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
h ical i j ie if he ffe ded ec i i e a e e e

a i ela i e f a highe deg ee e a .
f he ffe de .
Compare When Mi iga ing . Aggra a ing
c. Whe he c i e i h icide de , MITIGATING AGGRAVATING
ea i hi i agg a a i g e e if he ic i If i ica i i If i ica i i
f he c i e i a e a i e f a e deg ee. habi al; habi al;
If i ica i i If i i i e i al
d. I a e, e a i hi i agg a a i g he e b e e he ( b e e he
a e fa he a ed hi e da gh e , i a a c i a a c i a
ca e he e a fa he a e hi da gh e . fe fe )
2. C i e agai cha i A habi al d ka d i e gi e i ica i

a. I ac f la ci i e , eai hi b e ce i e e f i ica i g d i . O ce
i al a agg a a i g, ega d e f i ica i i e ab i hed b a i fac
he he he ffe de i a e a i e f a e ide ce, i he ab e ce f f he c a ,
highe e deg ee f he ffe ded i i e ed be -habi a i e i a.
a .
T be E i led he Mi iga i g Ci c a ce,
Whe Rela i hi i a Ele e f he i M be Sh Tha :
Offe e a. A he i e f he c i i f he c i i a
Whe he a ifica i gi e he c i e i ac , he ha a e ch a i f a c h ic
de i ed f he e a i hi be ee he di a b hi ea a d de i e hi
ffe de a d he ffe ded a , i i ei he f a ce ai deg ee f c ;a d
i iga i g agg a a i g, beca e i i b. S ch i ica i i habi a ,
i e e ab e f a d i he e i he ffe e. b e e he a c i he fe .
E ample : N e:
1. Pa icide a. I ica i di i i h he age
2. Ad e ca aci he i ice f hi ac , a d
3. C c bi age hi i ac acc di g .
b. The a i c ed i he
2. INTOXICATION c i i f he c i e be fficie
d ce he effec f bf ca i g ea .
Ba i (People . Reb can, G.R. No. 182551, J l
a. A a i iga i g ci c a ce, i fi d i 27, 2011)
ea i he fac ha he a e i de c. T be c ide ed a a i iga i g
he i f e ce f i , hi e e ci e f ill ci c a ce, i be e ha he
e i i ai ed. acc ed i a habi a d i e a d did
b. A a agg a a i g ci c a ce, beca e a e he a c h i de ei f ce hi
i i i e i al, he ea i ha he e e c i he c i e. (People
ffe de e ed i i de b e hi O ega, G.R. No. 135846, J ne 28, 2001)
c age c i a c i e.
3. DEGREE OF INSTRUCTION AND
The c a e f i ica i g i EDUCATION OF THE OFFENDER
e e he i di id a e i a ce e i
h gh a d de i e he i e I d e efe i e ac b e he
a i g hi e f a e ia e i d e agai e e f i e ige ce f he acc ed.
h e ac i i ie , cie ha he igh f i
Page 56 of 354
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N e : 5. Lega g d f a bi a de e i . (A .
a. Refe he ac f fficie i e ige ce 124)
a d edge f he f ig ifica ce f 6. Lega g d f e a . (A . 280)
e ac . 7. The c i e f hef , i di g a ici
b. L deg ee f i ci a d ed ca i i chief i c i ed agai a e a i e. (A .
ac f i i ge e a i iga i g. 332)
c. High deg ee f i ci a d ed ca i i 8. Whe igh e ei h ica
agg a a i g he he ffe de a ai hi e f i ie a e i f ic ed b he e h
f hi ea i g i c i i g he c i e. i ed hi e da gh e i he ac
f e a i ec e i h a he e .
Ge e al R le: Lac f fficie ed ca i i (A . 247)
i iga i g. 9. Ma iage f he ffe de i h he ffe ded
E ce i : (PCTMR) a he he c i e c i ed i a e,
a. C i e agai P e (e.g., a , e afa, abd c i , ed c i , ac f
hef , bbe ); a ci i e . (A . 344)
b. C i e agai Cha i ; 10. Mi a e f fac
c. T ea : beca e e fc h d be
N e: T c i e a c i e, e i i e
a a a fee i g f e e ci i e , h e e
c bi e i h a ac . A i a e f fac h
e e ed c ed he a be;
ha he ac c i ed ha e ceeded f
d. M de ; a d
f e i i he i d a d h
e. Ra e
ece a i e ie e he ac f ci i a
g. Ab l Ca e iabi i . The a icab e a i he e a e
ac non faci e m ni i men i ea ( he
ABSOLUTORY CAUSES a e h e he e he ac i e f d e a e a g i e
ac c i ed i a c i e b f ea f b ic hi i e i ee ) a d ac me inci o
ic a d e i e he e i e al fac non e me ac (a ac d e b
i ed. e agai i i ac ). (U.S. . Ah
Chong, G.R. No. L-5272, Ma ch 19, 1910)
Ba i : A d b ic ic e i e ha he En rapmen . Ins iga ion
c ha c de hi ac ice b di ec i g
ENTRAPMENT INSTIGATION
he ac i a f he acc ed.
The a a d ea I iga ac ica
ae e ed f he i d ce he d-
Ab ca e a e ei he if i g
e f a i g be acc ed i he
e e i g ci c a ce b e he e
a d ca i g he c i i f he
i ia e c i i a iabi i he ac ,
a b ea e i he ffe e a d hi e f
beca e he a e j ified (A ic e 11)
e ec i f hi bec e a c -
e emp (A ic e 12), b beca e f b ic ic .
ci i a a ; i ci a ;
NOT a ba Acc ed i be
1. I iga i
acc ed ac i ed; a d
2. S a e de i a ce d i g a e ed
ec i a d
age (A . 6), a d ci e de a he
c ic i ; a d
i i f he C de he e a a i
c i ed. NOT a ab Ab ca e
3. Ligh fe i a e ed f a ed, ca e.
a di agai e e . (A .
7) e d f ic
4. The acce i a e a i e f he i ci a .
(A . 20)
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III. PERSONS LIABLE AND DEGREE OF

PARTICIPATION A he i ii f he e a ie i e
de ie o a d i i e , he e a e i ed
a. P i ci al , acc lice , a d acce ie
a d e ec ed i di id a a d f
PRINCIPALS CRIMINALLY LIABLE FOR idica e .
GRAVE AND LESS GRAVE FELONIES
2. Pa i e S bjec
A . 16. Wh a e c i i all liable. The The passive subject of a crime is the person
f ll i g a e c i i all liable f g a e a d injured. The holder of the injured right is the man,
le g a e fel ie : (PAA) the juristic person, the group, and the State.
a. P i ci a ;
b. Acc ice ; a d Corporations and partnerships can be passive
c. Acce ie subjects of a crime.
PRINCIPALS CRIMINALLY LIABLE FOR Corpses and animals cannot be passive subjects
LIGHT FELONIES because they have no rights that may be injured.
The f i g ae ci i a iab e f igh E ce i :

fe ie : (PA) U de A ic e 253, he c i e f defa a i a
1. P i ci a ; a d be c i ed if he i ai e d b ac e
2. Acc ice ; he e f e h i dead.
PARTIES IN ALL CRIMES I h d be N ed ha A ic e 16 a ie

he he ffe de a e be dged b hei
1. Ac i e S bjec i di id a , a d c ec i e iabi i .
The ac i e b ec i he c i i a . O a a
e ca be he ac i e b ec f a ci e PRINCIPAL
beca e f he high e a a e f he
ci i a e ibi i . A . 17. P i ci al . The f ll i g a e
c ide ed i ci al : (DIC)
U de he Re i ed Pe a C de, e ac ih a. Th e h a e a Di ec a i he
e a a ice eg ige ce; a ificia e e ec i f he ac ;
ca ac i h a ice eg ige ce. b. Th e h di ec l f ce I d ce
he c i i;
A idica e i e a c ai ca c. Th e h C e a e i he c i i
c i a c i e ha e i e i f e f f he ffe e b a he ac i h hich i
a ici i e . C i i a ac i ae e ic ed d ha e bee acc i hed.
i i ed he fficia f he c ai a d e e
di ec ed agai he c ai i e f, e ce 3. B Di ec Pa ici a i
de : (4) (SPEC)
Re i i e : (PC)
1. Sec i ie La ; 1. The Pa ici a ed i he c i i a e i ;
2. P blic Se ice La ; a d
3. Elec i C de; a d 2. The Ca ied hei a a d e all
4. C ai La a i i e ec i b ac , hich di ec
e ded he a e e d.
The e i b i i f de i a i f ibe f a. Whe hi e e e i ac i g, he e i
ec ia e a ie i i e c ca e . c i ac .
Page 58 of 354
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I c i ac b i ag ee e , he i ci a The e i a c ec i e ci i a
b di ec a ici a i h d e a ea a he e ibi i .
ce e f he c i e i iab e, beca e:
a. N -a ea a ce i dee ed de i a ce
hich i fa ed a d e c aged; REQUISITES (f a e i g d f
b. C i ac i ge e a a ci e e c a d be held liable a i ci al)
he a ecifica ide a e a a d (IADP-PN)
c. The e i ba i f c i i a iabi i beca e 1. The e e i g he d fc a d
he e i c i i a a ici a i ha e he I e i f c i g he
d. A be , he ca be a i ci a b i d ce e . c i i f he c i e;
2. The e h ade he c a d ha e
2. B I d ce e A ce da c i fl e ce e he e
h ac ed;
Re i i e : (IDN) 3. The d ed be Di ec ,
1. Tha he i d ce e be ade di ec ih efficaci , P ef l a a
he I e i f c i g he c i i f he h ica a c e ci ;
c i e; 4. The d fc a d be e ed P i
2. Tha ch i d ce e be he De e i i g he c i i f he c i e; a d
ca e f he c i i f he c i e b he 5. The a e ia e ec f he c i e ha N
a e ia e ec ;a d e al ea c i he c i e.
3. Wi h ch i d ce e he c i e d
N ha e bee c i ed. The e e i he a f he i d ce he
ii e e i a d he e i e
Wa f Bec i g P i ci al b I d c i : eff ec e he c i i f he c i e,
a. B di ec l f ci g a he c i a ge he i h he e e ai he e
ci e i d ced f he e ge i d f e ai
b. U i g i e i ible f ce; o c i he c i e.
c. B ca i g c llable fea ;
The i d ce e ecede he ac i d ced
I he e ca e , he e i c i ac , e e a a d be i f e ia i d ci g he
i fci i a ea di e i .O he c i i a ac ha i h i , he ac d ha e
e i g f ce ca i g fea i c i i a iab e. bee e f ed.
B di ec l i d ci g a he c i a A h gh e e e i ih i e i
c i e; d ce he e i a i d ce e c i
a. B gi i g ice, ffe i g e ad a c i e.
i e;
B h he e gi i g he ice, ffe i g If he c i e c i ed i c e a ed i he
e a d, i e a d he e de gi e , he i d ce e i a e ia a d
c i i g he c i e i c ide a i he de e i i g ca e he e f.
he e f a e i ci a ;
b. B i g d fc a d;
The i ci i g d ha e g ea
d i a ce a d i f e ce e he e
h ac he e i d be he i g
ca e f he ffe e;
Page 59 of 354
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Compare Principal B Ind cemen and a. Pa ici a i i he c i i a e i ;

Offender Who Made Proposal To Commi A b. The e be C i ac ;
Felon c. C c e ce i fficie ; a d
OFFENDER WHO d. C e a i i i di e ab e;
PRINCIPAL BY MADE A PROPOSAL
INDUCEMENT TO COMMIT A 2. C e a i i he c i i f he ffe e
FELONY b ef i gA he ac , i h hich i
The e i a i d ce e c i aci e d ha e bee acc i hed. I h d
LIABILITY be N ed ha : (CDN)
P i ci a bec e Me e a a. C eai be i di e ab e;
iab e he he c i a fe i b. If a ici a i i Di e ab e, acc ed
c i ei c i ed b i hab e i ea i a acc ice, a i ci a ;
he i ci a b di ec ebe i ; a d
a ici a i ; a d c. If c eai i Nece a i he
The e h e ec i f he ffe e, acc ed i
he a i ade c ide ed a a i ci a b di ec
h d c i he a ici a i .
c i e, he i e, he
e bec e a T c eae ea de i e i h i
P i ci a b c a hi g. B ha c i
i d ce e ; a d e d e ece a i ea e i
CRIME INVOLVED de a di g, f i ca be e ai ed i fe ed
f he ci c a ce f each ca e. (People .
I e a c i e. M i e
Aplegido, G.R. No. L-163, Ap il 27, 1946).
ea ebe i .
The e ca be i ci a b i d ce e
Effec f ac i al f i ci al b di ec
i ci a b c eai e he e i a
a ici a i he liabili f i ci al b
i ci a b di ec a ici a i . H e e , he e
i d ce e :
a be a i ci a b di ec a ici a i de i e
1. C i ac i ega ed b he ac i a f c -
he ab e ce f he f e.
defe da .
2. O e ca be he d g i f ha i g i iga ed
INDIVIDUAL CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY
he c i i faci e ih fi bei g
I he ab e ce f c i ac , i f ci i a
h ha he c i e ha bee ac a
e a d i e i i edia e bef e he
c i ed b a he .
c i i f he c i e, c i f
3. B , if he e cha ged a i ci a b di ec
c i i a de ig , he c i i al e ibili
a ici a i i ac i ed, i d e
ai i g f diffe e ac di ec ed agai e
ece a i ead he ac i a f he
a d he a e e i i di id al a d
i ci a b i d ce e .
c ec i e, a d each f he a ici a i liable
l f ac c i ed b hi . (U.S. .
3. B I di e able C eai
Magcomo , G.R. No. L- 18289, No embe 17,
1922).
Re i i e : (PA)
1. Pa ici a i i he c i i a e i , ha
COLLECTIVE CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY
i , he e i ei he a e i c i ac i
The e i c llec i e c i i al e ibili
f ci i a e a d i e i
he he ffe de a e c i i a iab e i he
i edia e bef e he c i i f he
a e a e a d he a e e e . The
ci e cha ged. Thi , i , e ie he
e a be i ed be he a e f a .
f i g: (PCCC)
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BY DIRECT BY INDISPENSABLE
BY INDUCEMENT
PARTICIPATION COOPERATION
Takes part in the 1. Di ec f ci g a he c i a Cooperates in the commission of
execution of the act ci eb : the offense by performing
constituting the crime; (a) i g i e i ib e f ce; another act, without which it
(b) ca i g c ab e fea ; would not have been
accomplished; and
2. Di ec i d ci g a he c i a
ci eb :
(a) gi i g ice, ffe i g e a d
i e;
(b) i g d fc a d
COLLECTIVE CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY
If there is no P i ci a , Principal has criminal collective
conspiracy, then each responsibility with the principal
offender is only liable EXCEPT by direct participation
for the acts performed ha h di ec f ced a he c i a
by him; and c i e, and i ci a b di ec a ici a i
1. I ca e f
Principals have I d ce e b f ci g a he c i a
collective criminal c i e, ei he h gh: (a) i e i ib e f ce
responsibility (b) c ab e fea
The ind ce i liable a he p incipal, hi e

he a e ia e ec i iab e d e A .
12 a . 5 a d 6
2. I ca e f i d ci g a he c i a
ci eb
ei he :
(a) gi i g ice ffe i g e a d
i e
(b) h gh he e f d fc a d:
he e i collec i e c iminal e pon ibili
Page 61 of 354
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ACCOMPLICE S e f he ffe de i he c i e a e i ci a
a d he he a acc ice .
A . 18. Acc lice . Acc lice a e
h e e h , bei g i cl ded i A . Compare Accomplice . Principal in General
17, c e a e i he e ec i f he ffe e ACCOMPLICE PRINCIPAL
b e i i la e ac . PARTICIPATION
D e a e di ec Ei he a e di ec a
Re i i e : a i he i he c i i f
1. The e be c i f de ig ; ha i , c i i f he he ac , i d ce ,
K i g he c i i al de ig f he ac , d e f ce f ce a he
i ci a b di ec a ici a i , he c c i d ce he c i i,
i h he la e i hi e. The f i g c i i, d e c eae i he
h d be N ed: c eae i he c i i f he
a. K edge f he c i i a de ig f he c i i f he c i e b a he ac ,
i ci a ca be ac i ed b he c i e b a he ac , ih hich i d
acc ice he : ih hich i d ha e bee
b. The i ci a i f e he ha e bee acc i hed; a d
acc ice f he f e ci i a acc i hed, e
de ig ; a d c eae i he
c. The acc ice a he c i i a ac f e ec i f he ac
he i ci a ; b e i
d. The c i f de ig eed be i a e ea ,
c i he c i e ac a c i ed. a d
I i fficie if he e a a c KNOWLEDGE
e c i a a ic a c i e Ha edge f he Ha edge f he
a d ha he c i e ac a c i ed
c i i a de ig f he c i i a de ig a d
a a a a bab e c e e ce
i ci a a d e e ca ie /e ec e i
f he i e ded c i e;
c c ih he
2. He c e a e i he e ec i f he ffe e ci i a e
b Pe i i la e ac , i h he
i e i f i g a e ia a aid i
Accomplice . Principal B Indispensable
he e ec i f he c i e i a efficaci
Coopera ion
a . The f i g h d be N ed:
ACCOMPLICE PRINCIPAL BY
a. The c eai f he acc ice i
INDISPENSABLE
ece a , i di e ab e;
COOPERATION
b. The c eai i d e a
Nece i f Pa ici a i
c i ac ; a d
c. The d i f ic ed b a acc ice Pa ici a i i Pa ici a i i
i c i e agai e h d i di e ab e a d i di e ab e; a d
ha e ca ed he dea h f he ic i ; Deg ee f Pa ici a i
d. Bei g e e a d gi i g a C e a e i he Pa ici a e i he
he a c i e i bei g c i ed he e e ec i f he ci i a e i ,i
i a be h gh ad ice, ffe e b e i ch a a ha he e i
e c age e ag ee e ; a d i a e ac , ei he a e i
3. The e h d be a Rela i be ee he ac i h he i e i f c i ac i f
d e b he i ci a a d h e a ib ed i g a e ia ci i a ea d
he e cha ged a acc ice. a aid i he i e i i edia e
e ec i f he bef e he c i i
Q a i-C llec i e Re ibili f he c i e cha ged
Page 62 of 354
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ci ei a eached he deci i , he e e ha e
efficaci a a d he d he decided ch
ag ee c eaei c e f ac i ; a d
Acc lice . P i ci al B Di ec i e ec i ; a d
Pa ici a i The a e e e The a e he a h f
a. The e i c i fci i a de ig . i e h aci e
b. I ca e f d b , i ha be e ed i fa ef ac
f e e e ibi i , ha i , ha f e e e e ia he
acc ice. e e ai f he
c. Be ee he i ci a a d he acc ice , ffe e
he e i c i ac .
ACCESSORY
Compare Accomplice . Principal B Direc
Par icipa ion A . 19. Acce ie . Acce ie a e h e
ACCOMPLICE PRINCIPAL BY h , ha i g k ledge f he c i i f
DIRECT he c i e, a d i h ha i g a ici a ed
PARTICIPATION he ei , ei he a i ci al acc lice ,
C i f C i f ci i a ake a b e e i c i i i a
ci i a de ig , de ig f he f ll i g a e : (3) P- C/D-E
h e e ch
c i eed 1. B fi i g he el e a i i g
be c i he he ffe de fi b he effec f
ci e ac a he c i e;
c i ed; 2. B c ceali g de i g he b d
f he c i e, he effec
S fficie ha he e i e he e f, i de
a a c e e i di c e ;
e c i a 3. B ha b i g, c ceali g, a i i g
a ic a c i e a d i he e ca e f he i ci al f he
ha he c i e ac a c i e, ided he acce ac
c i ed a a i h ab e f hi blic f c i
a a bab he e e he a h f he c i e i
c e e ce f he g il f ea , a icide, de ,
i e ded c i e. a a e ake he life f he Chief
N c ea -c di i c i be ee he ac f he E ec i e, i k be habi all
acc ice a d h e f he i ci a b di ec g il f e he c i e.
a ici a i ; a d
Be ee i ci a Be ee i ci a a d N e :
iab e f he a e acc ice , he e i a. A acce d e a ici a e i he
ffe e, he e c i ac c i i a de ig , c eae i he
be c i ac c i i f he fe , b , ih
edge f he c i i f he c i e, he
Compare Accomplice . Conspira or b e e a e a i h ee a :
ACCOMPLICE CONSPIRATOR i. P fi i g f he effec f he c i e;
ii. C cea i g he b d , effec
The a d ag ee i h he c i i a de ig
i e f he c i e i de
The c e The c e he
e e i di c e ; a d
ab i af e he ci i a i e i
i ci a ha e beca e he
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iii. A i i g i he e ca e 4. The e e i he effec f he c i e.

c cea e f he i ci a f he The i ife i he i e f he
c i e, ided he ac i h ab e f c i e;
hi b ic f c i he i ci a i
g i f ea , a icide, de , 3. BY HARBORING, CONCEALING, OR
a a e a e he ife f he Chief ASSISTING IN THE ESCAPE OF THE
E ec i e, i be habi a PRINCIPALS OF THE CRIME, PROVIDED
g i f e he c i e. THE ACCESSORY ACTS WITH ABUSE OF
b. A acce ha e edge f he HIS PUBLIC FUNCTIONS OR WHENEVER
c i i f he c i e, a d ha i g ha THE AUTHOR OF THE CRIME IS GUILTY
edge, he a b e e i OF TREASON, PARRICIDE, MURDER, OR
c i i . AN ATTEMPT TO TAKE THE LIFE OF THE
c. The c i e c i ed b he i ci a be CHIEF EXECUTIVE, OR IS KNOWN TO BE
ed be d ea ab e d b . HABITUALLY GUILTY OF SOME OTHER
CRIME.
SPECIFIC ACTS OF ACCESSORIES:
1. BY PROFITING THEMSELVES OR Cla e f Acce ie C e la ed i
ASSISTING THE OFFENDER TO PROFIT Pa . 3:
BY THE EFFECTS OF THE CRIME; 1. P blic ffice , h ha b , c cea
a i i he e ca e f he i ci a f a
a. The c i e c i ed b he i ci a de ci e ( igh fe ) ih ab e f hi
hi a ag a h a be a c i e, ided i blic f c i ; and
i a igh fe
b. P fi i g he e e b he effec f he Re i i e : (PHAE)
ci e 1. The acce i a P blic ffice ;
i. The acce h d a e he 2. He Ha b , c cea , a i i he
e ih he c e f he e ca e f he i ci a ;
i ci a 3. He ac i h Ab e f hi b ic f c i ;
ii. Whe a e i g ac i ed a d
ecei ed e a e b he 4. The c i e c i ed b he i ci a i a
b iga d , he c i e i i hed a he c i e, E ce a ligh fel ;a d
ac f he i ci a , he ac f he
acce 2. P i a e e , h ha b , c ceal
c. A i i g he ffe de fi b he effec a i i he e ca e f he a h f he
f he c i e ci e g i f ea , a icide, de ,
a a e agai he ife f he P e ide ,
2. BY CONCEALING OR DESTROYING THE h i be habi a g i f e
BODY OF THE CRIME, OR THE EFFECTS he c i e.
OR INSTRUMENTS THEREOF, IN ORDER
TO PREVENT ITS DISCOVERY; Re i i e : (PHP-TPMPH)
1. The c i e c i ed b he i ci a de 1. The acce i aP i ae e ;
hi a ag a h a be a c i e, ided i 2. He Ha b , c ceal a i i he
i a igh fe ;a d e ca e f he a h f he c i e;
2. B d f he c i e i he corp s delic i, 3. The c i e c i ed b he P i ci al i
ha e e i fac c i ed a ecific ei he :
ffe e; 4. T ea ;
3. The e be a a e hide he b d 5. Pa icide;
f he c i e; 6. M de ;
Page 64 of 354
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7. A a e agai he ife f he P e ide ; PLEASE SEE SPL REVIEWER, ANTI-

FENCING LAW AND THE DECREE
8. Tha he i ci a i be Habi all PENALIZING OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE,
g il f e he c i e. READ IN RELATION TO THE TOPIC ON
ACCESSORIES p. 293
PUBLIC OFFICERS PRIVATE PERSONS
Ha b , c cea Ha b , c cea PERSONS EXEMPT FROM CRIMINAL
a i i he e ca e a i i g he e ca e LIABILITY
f he i ci a f a f he a h f he
c i e; c i e; A . 20. Acce ie h ae e e f
Acce i a b ic Acce i a c i i al liabili . The e al ie e c ibed
ffice ; i ae e ; f acce ie hall be i ed
P b ic ffice ac N ab e e i ed h e h ae ch i h e ec hei
i h ab e f hi ( a b ic ffice ); e , a ce da , de ce da ,
b ic f c i ;a d a d legi i a e, a al, a d ad ed b he a d
Ci ec i ed b Ci ec i ed b i e , ela i e b affi i i hi he a e
he i ci a i e he i ci a i ei he : deg ee , i h he i gle e ce i f
a c i e, e ce (a) ea , acce ie falli g i hi he i i f
igh fe ie . (b) a icide, a ag a h 1 f he e ecedi g a icle.
(c) de ,
(d) a a e N e :
agai he ife f he a. The e e i i ba ed he ie f bl d
P e ide , a d he e e a i f he c ea i e f
(e) ha he i ci a e a e.
i be b. A acce i e e f c i i a iabi i ,
habi a g i f he he i ci a i hi (4) (SADR)
e he c i e. 1. S e;
2. A ce da ;
N e : 3. De ce da ;
a. The acce ie iabi i i b di a e a d 4. Legi i a e, a a ad ed b he ,
b e e . i e, Re a i e b affi i i hi
b. C ic i f a acce i ib e he a e deg ee.
i h a di g he ac i a f he i ci a , c. The acce i e e f ci i a
if he c i e a i fac c i ed, b he iabi i e e if he i ci a i e a ed hi ,
i ci a a he d c i i a iab e, if ch acce :
beca e f a e e i g ci c a ce. 1. P fi ed b he effec f he c i e;
c. E e if he i ci a i i a 2. A i ed he ffe de fi b he
a ge, he acce a be he d e ib e effec f he c i e; a d
ided he e i i e e c ibed b a f N e: S ch ac a e ed b
he e i e ce f he c i e a e e e a d affec i b b a de e ab e g eed.
ha e ec i ed i . d. O acce ie de A . 19 (2) a d (3) a e
d. Whe e he c i i f he c i e a d he e e f c i i a iabi i if he a e
e ibi i f he acc ed a a e a ed he i ci a .
acce , a e e ab i hed, he acce e. Tie f b d ea i hi c i ea e
ca be c ic ed, i h a di g he e f i ce i e ha he ca f d .
ac i a f he i ci a . (Vino . People,
G.R. No. 84163, Oc obe 19, 1989).
Page 65 of 354
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b. C i ac a d P al E ce i : The a e i hab e i he
ca e i hich he a ecia ide a
A . 8. C i ac a d al c i e a he ef .
fel . C i ac a d al c i
fel ae i hable l i he ca e i E a le f he E ce i :
hich he la eciall ide a e al 1. T ea ;
he ef . 2. Rebe i ;
3. I ec i ;
A c i ac e i he e 4. C dea;
e c e a ag ee e c ce i g 5. Sedi i ;
he c i i f a fel a d decide 6. M ie a d c bi a i i
c i i. e ai f ade;
7. E i age;
The e i al he he e h ha 8. High a bbe ;
decided c i a fel e i 9. I ega a cia i ;
e ec i e he e e . 10. Se ec ed ac c i ed de he
C ehe i e Da ge D g Ac ;
C i ac a d a c i aci eae 11. A ;a d
p epa a o ac , a d he a ega d he 12. Te i de he H a Sec i Ac .
a innocen a ea pe mi ible e ce i a e
a d e ce i a ca e . Conspirac as a felon . Conspirac as a
means of inc rring criminal liabili
CONSPIRACY FELONY MANNER OF
E i he e e c e a INCURRING
ag ee e c ce i g he c i i f a CRIMINAL
fe a d decide c i i. LIABILITY
C ia h d If he c ia
Di ec f i e e ia e ab i h
ac a c i c i ea , he
c i ac .
ea , ebe i , i be he d iab e f
e c., i bei g fficie ea , a d he
C i ac be a eged i he i f ai i
ha e c i ac hich
de ha a acc ed a be he d iab e f he
e ag ee a d he had bef e
ac f hi c -acc ed.
decide c i i; c i i g ea i
a d he c i e a a a e f
Re i i e : (ACD)
ac a c i ed; i c i g ci i a
1. T e e ca e a Ag ee e ;
a d iabi i , ea ed a
2. The ag ee e e ai he C i i
a e a a e ffe e
f a fe ;a d
b ed de e i e
3. The e ec i f he fe a Decided
he iabi i f he
.
ffe de ;
Fe eae a C i ac i
The e be a ici a i ih a ci i a
ci e ac a ea ed a a e a a e
e i beca e i e edge he e f b
c i ed. ffe e b i ed
a e a a e hi iab e a a
de e i e he iabi i
acc ice.
f he ffe de ; a d
The ac f e i he
Ge e al R le: C i ac a d a
ac f a .
c i fe ae i hab e.
Page 66 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
Ge e al R le: Whe c i ac a a a e f N e: The e i ci i a a he :

i c i g c i i a iabi i i e ab i hed, a h a. The e h e i de e i ed
a ici a ed he ei , i e ec i e f he a i c i he fe ;
ai f hi a ici a i i iab e e a , b. The e i decided, c c e e a d f a
he he c i ac i e- a ed a;a d
i a a e . c. I i he e ec i f he fe ha i
ed.
E ce i : U e e e f he
c ia c i ed e he c i e hich N e: P f f c i ac a be di ec
i a f he i e ded c i e. ci c a ia . S g a he e ide ce
e e ed h a "c de ig e"
E ce i he E ce i : Whe he ac c i he c i e, a f he acc ed ha be
c i e a i g e i di i ib e ffe e. he d e a iab e a c - i ci a e e if e
e f he did a ici a e i a he de ai
D c i e fI lied C i ac f he e ec i f he c i e. F hi ea , he
Whe he defe da b hei ac ai ed a he fac f c i ac " be e he a e
a e b ec , e ef i g e a a d he a f e ide ce a he fe b ec f he
he e f i g a he a a c ee ag ee e f he a ie ," i.e. f be d
i , i h a ie he a ai e f he a e b ec ea ab e d b . Me e e e ce a he ce e f
a d hei ac , h gh a a e i de e de , he c i e i b i e f i dica i e f c i ac
e e i fac conce ed a d coope a i e, i dica i g be ee he acc ed. (Beni o . People, G.R. No.
clo ene f e a a cia i , c ce ed 204644, J. LEONEN, Feb a 11, 2015.)
ac i a d conc ence f e i e , he c
i be ified i c c di g ha aid defe da If e f a e i a ac e be f a he
e e e gaged i a c i ac . fae i , c ide i g he g e ai f
f a e i ie a d he fac ha f a e i e be
S a e Ag ee e a ac a e, i i ie ib e ha he
a. Ac i e c e a i b a ffe de ; e he ide i ie f hei a ac e b ch e
b. C ib i g b i i e ac he ea i a i di c e i ih c fe i g i h hei
fac ci i a i e ;a d f a e i b he . If c i ac i e , he
c. P e e ce d i g he c i i f he c i e iabi i f he a ai a h d be
b a ba d a d e di g a he e . di i g i hed ba ed he e i e f he
i ie ffe ed b he ic i , beca e he ac
P al C i a Fel f e i he ac f a i c i e ihc i ac .
Whe he e h ha decided c i a (People Feliciano, G.R. No. 196735, J.
fe e i e ec i e he LEONEN Ma 5, 2014)
e e .
A a ge e a e, b ic fficia ca be he d
The a d e e i e ha he a be iab e f i a i g he A i-G af a d C
acce ed b he e h he a i P ac ice Ac . H e e , i a e e a be
ade. he d iab e if he ac i c i ac i h a b ic
fficia . Thi i c i e i h he ic behi d
Re i i e : he a e, hich i " e e ce ai ac f
1. A e ha decided o commi a felon ; b ic ffice a d i a e e a i e hich
a d a c i e g af c ac ice , hich
2. He p opo e i e ec ion e he a ead he e ." If a i a e e a be ied
e e i i h b ic ffice , he he a a be
c ic ed i i h he . (Ga cia-Dia .
Page 67 of 354
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Sandiganba an, G.R. 193236 & 193248-49, J. HABITUALITY (REITERACION)

LEONEN, Sep embe 17, 2018.)
Re i i e : (TSC)
c. M l i le Offe de 1. The acc ed i T ia f a ffe e;
2. He e i Se ed en ence f a he
F F f Re e i i :
ffe e hich he a a ache a e al
1. Recidi i (A . 14, a . 9);
g ea e penal , f 2 mo e c i e
2. Rei e aci habi a i (A . 14, a . 10);
hich i a ache ligh e e a ha ha f
3. M i- ecidi i habi a de i e c (A .
he e ffe e; a d
62, a . 5); a d
3. He i C ic ed f he e ffe e.
4. Q a i- ecidi i (A . 160).
MULTI-RECIDIVISM HABITUAL
RECIDIVISM
DELINQUENCY
A ecidi i i e h , a he i e f hi ia f
A e , i hi he e i d f 10 ea f he
e c i e, ha ha e bee e i c ic ed
da e f hi a e ea e a c ic i f he
b fi a dg e f a he c i e e b aced i
ci e f ei e ei h ica i ie ,
he a e i e f he RPC. (People . Laga o,
bbe , hef , e afa fa ifica i , i f d
G.R. No. 65833, 1991)
g i fa f aid c i e a hi d i e fe e.
I habi a de i e c , he ffe de i ei he a
REQUISITES: (TPEC)
ecidi i e h ha bee e i
1. The ffe de i T ia f a ffe e;
i hed f e ffe e . He ha ffe
2. He a Pe i c ic ed b fi a
a addi i a e a f bei g a habi a
dg e f a he c i e;
de i e .
3. B h he fi a d he ec d ffe e a e
E b aced i he a e i e f he C de; a d
Effec f habi al deli e c :
4. The ffe de i C ic ed f he e ffe e.
1. Habi a de i e c ha he effec ,
f i c ea i g he e a beca e f
A he i e f hi ial f ec i e
ecidi i hich i ge e a i ied i
Wha i c i g i he ime of ial, he i e
habi a de i e c ,b a fi i ga
f he c i i f he c i e. I i fficie ha
addi i a e a .
he cceedi g ffe e be c i ed af e he
i. U a hi d c ic i , he c i hall
commi ion f he ecedi g ffe e, ided
be e e ced he e a ided b
ha a he i e f hi ia f he ec d ffe e,
a f he a c i e f hich he i
he acc ed had a ead bee c ic ed f he
f d g i a d he addi ional
fi ffe e.
e a f p i idn co eccional i i
edi a d a i ei d .
T ia i ea i c de e e hi g ha i d e i
ii. U a fo h c ic i , he c i
he c e f he ia , f a aig e i af e
ha a be e e ced he addi ional
e e ce i a ced b he dge i e
e a of p i idn ma o i i i i
c .
a d edi ei d .
iii. U a fif h addi ional c ic i , he
Pa d d e e e af e c ic i f
c i ha a be e e ced he
bei g c ide ed a a agg a a i g
addi ional e a f p i idn ma o i i
ci c a ce, b a e e i g i he he
i i ei d ecl ion empo al
e a a d i effec .
i i i i e i d.
2. A acc ed h i a habi a de i e i
be efi f a fa ab e e ac i e
a ica i f a e a a (A ic e 22).
Page 68 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
3. I ca e f he c i i f a he c i e E.g. If A a c ic ed f a d e ed e e ce f
d i g e ice f e a , a habi a de i e hef i 1935; af e hi e ea e he c i ed
ha be a d ed a he age f 70 ea h icide (A . 249), a c ic ed i 1937, a d
e e if he a ead e ed hi igi a a e ea ed i 1951; a d i 1957 a c ic ed
e e ce (A ic e 160). f a e (A . 335); he i a habi a de i e
4. A habi a de i e i be e i ed he e e if he a c ic ed he hi d i e. H icide
e-ha f ded c i f e fi i e a d a e ae e i ed i he defi i i f
de A ic e 29. habi a de i e c . (Mole a . Di ec o of
5. The I de e i a e Se e ce La ha P i on , 59 Phil. 406, 408)
a h e h a e habi a de i e
(Sec. 2, Ac N . 4103). QUASI-RECIDIVISM
Re i i e : (CAC) A e h ha c i a fe af e
1. The ffe de had bee C ic ed f a f ha i g bee c ic ed b fi a dg e , bef e
he c i e f e i e ei h ica begi i g e e ch e e ce hi e
i ie , bbe , hef , e afa fa ifica i ; e i g he a e, ha be i hed b he
2. Af e ha c ic i af e e i g hi a i e i d f he e a e c ibed b a
e e ce, a d i hi 10 ea f hi fi f he e fe .
c ic i e ea e, he Agai c i a
f aid c i e f he ec d i e; Defe da , hi e e i g hi e e ce i Bi ibid
3. Af e hi c ic i f, af e e ice f e c i e, c a d abbed he f e a f
e e ce f , he ec d ffe e, a d i hi he b igade f i e . U de A ic e 160 f he
10 ea f hi a c ic i a C de, he ha be i hed i h he a i
e ea e f aid ec d ffe e, he agai e i d f he e a e c ibed b he a f he
C i ed a f aid c i e a d a e fe . (People . D an e, 53 Phil. 363,
c ic ed, he hi d i e fe e. 372)
Page 69 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
COMPARATIVE TABLES
HABITUAL DELINQUENCY V. RECIDIVISM
HABITUAL DELINQUENCY RECIDIVISM

A ci e c i ed
The c i e a e ecified. The c i e be e b aced i he a e i e
f he C de.
A he e i d f i e he c i e a e c i ed
The ffe de f dg i fa f he c i e N e i d f i e be ee he f e c ic i
ecified i hi 10 ea f hi a e ea e a a d he a c ic i i fi ed b a .
c ic i .
A he be f c i e c i ed
The acc ed be f dg i he hi d i e A ec d c ic i i fficie .
fe e.
A hei effec
If he e i habi a de i e c , a addi i a e a i If ff e b a i iga i g ci c a ce, e e
a i ed. i c ea e he e a he a i .
HABITUAL DELINQUENCY V. HABITUALITY/REITERACION
HABITUAL DELINQUENCY HABITUALITY/REITERACION

A fi a dg e ha bee e de ed i he fi ffe e. I i ece a ha he ffe de ha ha e
e ed hi e e ce f he fi ffe e.
The ffe e be i c ded i he a e i e f he The e i a d b e e ffe e
C de. be e b aced i he a e i e f he C de.
A a a e a a agg a a i g ci c a ce. N a a a agg a a i g ci c a ce.
Page 70 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
HABITUALITY/REITERACION HABITUAL QUASI-RECIDIVISM

RECIDIVISM DELINQUENCY
AS TO CRIMES COMMITTED
Ci e i ed I e a c i e. The c i e a e I e a ci e(
be e b aced ecified ( e i be i ed ha he
i he a e i e f e ei ec d ffe e be
he C de. h ica i ie , a fe , hi e he fi
bbe , hef , ffe e eed be).
e afa,
fa ifica i ).
AS TO THE PERIOD OF THE CRIMES ARE COMMITTED
Offe de i ia Offe de e i e ed Af e c ic i a d Offe de ha bee
f a ffe ea d e e ce f a he ffe e e i g hi c ic ed f a ffe e
i b e e hich he a a ache a e e ce, ffe de a dc i a he
c ic ed f he e a g ea e e a , f i c ic ed agai f fe bef e d i g
e ci e. eci e hich i a f he ec d e i g e e ce.
a ache igh e e a ha c i e a d ha
ha f he e ffe e. af e c ic i a d
e i g hi
e e ce f he
ec d c i e,
ffe de agai
c i ed a d a
c ic ed i hi 10
ea f hi a
e e ce
c ic i fa f
he c i e ecified
he hi d i e
fe e.
AS TO THEIR EFFECTS
A ge e ic A ge e ic agg a a i g A e a di a A ecia agg a a i g
agg a a i g ci c a ce. agg a a i g ci c a ce.
ci c a ce. ci c a ce
(i e a
addi i a e a ).
e d f ic
Page 71 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
IV. PENALTIES Ge e al R le: Pe a a ae a ied

ec i e .
Ge e al P i ci le
Pe al i he ffe i g ha i i f ic ed b he
E ce i : Whe e ec i e a ica i i
S a e f he a g e i f he a .
be fa ab e he e g i f a fe ,
ided ha :
Diffe e J idical C di i f Pe al
1. The ffe de i NOT a habi al c i i al
(LEPPC3)
(de i e ) de A . 62(5); a d
a. Lega : i i he c e e ce f a dg e
2. The e a e da la d e NOT
acc di g a ;
ide agai i e ec i e a ica i .
b. E a f a ;
c. P d c i e f ffe i g i h , h e e ,
Ra i ale f he e ce i i a . 22:
affec i g he i eg i f he h a
Ba i : S ic ice a d i ica
e ai ;
c ide a i . The e eig , i e ac i g
d. Pe a: e h d be i hed f he
b e e e a a e fa ab e he
c i e f a he ;
acc ed, ha ec g i ed ha he g ea e e e i
e. C e a e i h he ffe e: diffe e
f he f e a i j .
ci e be i hed i h diffe e
e a ie ;
The e eig d be i c i e if i d
f. Ce ai : e e ca e i effec ; a d
i e f ce i igh de he c di i f he
g. C ec i a .
f e a , hich ha a ead bee ega ded b
c cie i b ic i i a idica
The ie J if i g Pe al ie
b de e.
a. P e e i : e e e he
da ge he S a e a i i g f he c i i a
N e: N e ac i e effec e e he fa ab e
ac ;
he acc ed if he e a i e e l
b. Self-defe e: ec cie f he
ade i a licable e di g ac i e i i g
h ea a d g i f ic ed b a c i i a ;
ca e f ac i . (Ta e a . Valde , 1 Phil 468,
c. Ref ai : c ec a d ef he
1902).
ffe de ;
d. E e la i : he c i i a i i hed
HABITUAL DELINQUENT
e e a a e a e de e he f
A e h i hi a e i d f 10 ea f he
c i i gc i e ;a d
da e f hi elea e la c ic i f he
e. J ice: ha c i e i i hed b he S a e
ci e f ei e ei h ica i ie ,
a a ac f e ib i e ice, a i dica i f
bbe , hef , e afa, fa ifica i , i f d
ab e igh a d a a i a ed b he
g i fa aid c i e a hi d i e fe e.
c i i a.
N e :
Pe al ie Tha a be I ed
a. If e ac i e effec f a e a i ified, i
Ge e al R le: A fe ha be i hab e
ha a he defe da e en if he i :
b he e a e c ibed b a a he i e f i
b. P e e ial f he ffe e;
c i i .
c. Ha a ead bee e e ced b e ice f
N e: A . 21 i e e he c i i a
hich ha beg ;
hibi i agai e fac la . I ef ec
d. Al ead e i g e e ce.
he a i ha he e i ci e ih a e a
e. The e ac i e effec f c i i a a e
a d ha he e i e a ih a a (n ll m
d e NOT a he c i ci i iabi i .
crimen sine poena; n lla poena sine lege). B
a ided i A . 22, e fac la ae
a ed if fa ab e he acc ed.
Page 72 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
Rea : ACT PROHIBITING THE IMPOSITION OF

a. The igh f ffe ded e i ce DEATH PENALTY IN THE PHILIPPINES (R.A.
hi d a ie a e i hi he gif f a bi a 9346)
di a f he S a e. N e: C e , he i ii f he dea h
b. The i i f A . 22 a e a icab e e e e a ha bee hibi ed a Re b ic
ecia a , hich ide e fa ab e Ac N . 9346. (PLEASE SEE SPL REVIEWER,
c di i he acc ed. ON RA. 9346).
C i i al liabili de he e ealed la PURPOSES

b i : 1. Re ib i e ia i - he e a i
1. Whe he i i f he f e a ae c e a e i h he g a i f he ffe e;
ee ac ed; 2. C ec i ef ai - a h b he
2. The igh i h ffe e c i ed de e hich eg a e he e ec i f he
a d e a a i e i g i hed if he e a ie c i i g i he de i a i f
ffe e a e i i hab e i he e ea i g ibe ; a d
e a a ; 3. S cia defe e - h b i i f e ib e
3. Whe he e ea i b i lica i ; he e ei ecidi i a d habi a
a e a a , hich i ied e ea ed a d de i e .
a , i i e f e ea ed, he e ea f he
e ea i g a e i e he i e a a , a. I able Pe al ie
e he a g age f he e ea i g a e
b. Cla ifica i
ide he i e. If he e ea i ab e,
c i i a iabi i i b i e a ed; a d N e :
4. Whe he e ea i ab e, he ffe e a. The ca e i A . 25 i a ge e a
cea e be c i i a . (People . Tama o, c a ifica i f e a ie ba ed hei
G.R. No. L-41423, 1935). e ei , a e a d b ec a e .
5. Whe he e i a a i g cla e. b. The ca e f e a ie de A . 70 i
ided f cce i e e ice f e e ce
N e : i ed he a e acc ed i
a. N e ac i e effec f e a a a ega d c ide a i f hei e ei a d
i dic i fc . a e .
b. J i dic i f he c a c i i a ac i c. The ca e i A . 71 a e f he e f
i be de e i ed b he a i g ad a i g he e a ie b deg ee i
c. F ce a he i e f i i i g he ac i , acc da ce i h he e i A . 61.
a he i e f he c i i f he c i e.
d. J i dic i f c i c i i a ca e i CLASSIFICATION OF PENALTIES BASED ON
de e i ed b he a ega i f he THEIR NATURE
c ai i f ai , a d b he
fi di g he c a a e af e ia . 1. P i ci al: h e e e i ed b he
(People . Rom aldo, G.R. No. L- 3686, c i he dg e fc ic i . I ca be
1952) f he c a ified a f :
d. Acc di g L.B. Re e , A . 22 i NOT a. Di i ible: h e hich ha e fi ed
a icab e he i i f he RPC. I d ai a d ae a a di i ib e i
a ica i he RPC ca be i ed h ee ei d , a e : a i ,
he e e f e b e e a i edi , a d i i , e.g. i i
de c ide a i . a ;
b. I di i ible: h e hich ha e fi ed
BILL OF ATTAINDER - A egi a i e ac hich d a i . The e a e:
i f ic i h e ih a ia .
Page 73 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
i. Dea h; CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO SUBJECT-

ii. Rec i Pe e a; MATTER (CDR-DP)
iii. Pe e a ab e a. C a (dea h)
ecia di a ifica i ; a d b. De i a i f f eed ( ec i , i i ,
iv. P b ic ce e; a e );
c. Re ic i f f eed (de ie );
2. Acce : h e ha a e dee ed i c ded d. De i a i f igh (di a ifica i a d
i he i ii f he i ci a e a ie , e i ); a d
a e : e. Pec ia (fi e).
a. Pe e a e a ab e
di a ifica i ; CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO THEIR
b. Pe e a e a ecia GRAVITY (CA-CL-C )
di a ifica i ; 1. Ca i al:
c. S e i f b ic ffice, he igh a. Dea h (N hibi ed de RA 9346);
e a d be ed f , he fe i 2. Afflic i e:
ca i g; a. Rec i e e a;
d. Ci i i e dic i ; b. Rec i e a;
e. I de ifica i ; a d c. Pe e a e a ab e
f. F fei e c fi ca i f i e di a ifica i ;
a d ceed f he ffe e. d. Pe e a e a ecia
di a ifica i ; a d
N e: Pe e a e a ab e e. P i i a ;
di a ifica i , e e a e a ecia 3. C ec i al
di a ifica i , a d e i a be i ci a a. P i i c ecci a ;
acce e a ie . b. A e a ;
c. S e i ;a d
E a le : d. De ie ;
1. Pe e a ab e di a ifica i i a 4. Ligh :
i ci a e a i p e a icacion (A . 204). a. A e e ;a d
I i a acce e a f ec i b. P b ic ce e;
e e a a d ec i e a. 5. Pe a ie C he h ee ecedi g
2. Pe e a ecia di a ifica i i a ca e :
i ci a e a i a e ai (A .217). a. Fi e; a d
A i A . 214, 223, 229, 233, b. B d ee he eace.
3. a d 346. I i a acce e a f p i ion
ma o a d p i ion co eccional. N e :
4. Te a ab e di a ifica i i a 1. Thi c a ifica i c e d he
i ci a e a he he acce ac c a ifica i f fe ie i A .9 i g a e,
i h ab e f b ic f c i (A . 19[3] a d e g a e, a d igh .
A . 58). 2. P b ic ce e i i ed i A ic e 200,
5. Te a ecia di a ifica i i a 211, 266 a d 365.
i ci a e a i di ec b ibe (A . 210). 3. B d ee he eace i i ed i
A i A ic e 205, 214, 220, 223, 224, 226, he c i e f h ea (A . 284), ei he g a e
227, 228, 231, 235, 239, 245, 346, a d 347. (A . 282) igh (A . 283).
6. S e i i a i ci a e a i e di i
f i e c de (A . 206). A Fi ei :
i A ic e 200, 211, 266 a d 365. a. Afflic i e if i e ceed P1,200,000;
b. C ec i al P40,000 P1,200,000; a d
c. Ligh e ha P40,000.
Page 74 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
B d Kee he Peace i b A al g : P i i Ma a d 6 ea a d 1 da
a. Afflic i e if i e ceed P1,200,000; e a 12 ea , e ce
b. C ec i al P40,000 P1,200,000; a d di a ifica i he he e a f
c. Ligh e ha P40,000. di a ifica i i
i ed a a
N e : acce e a , i
a. Thi a ic e de e i e he c a ifica i fa hich ca e, i
fi e he he i ed a a i g e (e.g. fi e f d ai ha be ha
P200 P6000) a a a e a i e (e.g. f he i ci a
e a i a e o ma o OR a fi e a gi g e a
f P200 P1000) e a f a c i e. Pi i c ecci a , 6 h a d 1 da
b. The e d e a he e he fi e e i ,a d 6 ea , e ce
i ed i i a c d e a , ha i , i de ie he e i i
i i ed i c ci i h a he i ed a a
e a . I hi ca e, he highe e a ha acce e a , i
be ade he ba i f c i g he e i d hich ca e, i
f he e c i i f c i e (A . 90) d ai ha be
c. Whe e he fi e i e i i e ac P200 ha f he i ci a
de A . 9, i i a igh fe , he ce, he e a
fe i ed i a igh fe ; he ea A e a 1 h a d 1 da
de A . 26, i i a c ec i a e a ; 6 h
he ce, he ffe e i ed i a e g a e A e e 1 da 30 da
fe .
B d ee he S ch e i d f i e
d. I ha bee he d ha hi di c e a c h d eace a he c a
be e ed ibe a i fa f he acc ed, de e i e
he ce A . 9 e ai e A . 26. (People .
Y Hai, G.R. No. L-9598, 1956).
N e: De ie i a i ci a , c ec i a,a d
e. HOWEVER, acc di g J ice Rega ad
di i ib e e a
he e i ch di c e a c . Wha i ea i
i e i he e c i i f he ffe e i - -
Ca e Whe De ie i I ed:
i he e c i i f he e a , he f e
1. Se i h ical i j ie dea h de
bei g he f fei e f he igh f he S a e
e ce i a ci c a ce (A . 247);
ec e he ffe de a d he a e bei g
2. I ca e f fai e gi e b d f g d
he fi e e f ce he dg e
beha i (A . 284);
agai he c ic .
3. A a e a f he c c bi e i
f. I de e i i g he e ci i f ci e ,
c c bi age (A . 334); a d
a A . 9 (P40,000 fi e i igh fe ). I
4. I ca e he e af e ed ci g he e a b
de e i i g he e c i i f e a ,a
e e deg ee , de ie o i he e
A . 26 (P200 fi e e c ibe i 10 ea ).
e a .
c. D ai a d Effec
N e: Recl ion pe pe a i he a e a
DURATION i i e f ife ife i i e .
PENALTY DURATION
Rec i Pe e a 20 ea a d 1 da
40 ea
Rec i Te a 12 ea a d 1 da
20 ea
Page 75 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
RECLUSION LIFE dicia a h i ie f he e f ce e f he

PERPETUA IMPRISONMENT e a .
The RPC d e a. Thi e a ie i ca e f e a ie
e c ibe he e a c i i g i de i a i f ibe (e.g.
f ife i i e f i i e a d de ie ) a d he
a f he fe ie ffe de i i i .
he ei defi ed, ha
e a bei g 3. R le N . 3 he d a i f he e al ie
i a iab i ed f he d a i i f he da hich he
ei ffe e ffe de c e ce e e hi e e ce.
e a i ed b he a. Thi e a ie i ca e f:
RPC, b b ecia i. (Pe a ie c i i g i
a . de i a i f ibe ) a d he
Recl ion pe pe a D e a ea ffe de i de g i g
e ai i i e ha e a defi i e e e i ei i e ; b he
f a ea hi [30] e e d ai . ffe de i e i ed a ded c i
ea af e hich he ff i e 4/5 f he i e f hi
c ic bec e de e i .
e igib e f ad ii. (Te a e a ie ) a d he
Ca ie ih i D e ca ih i ffe de i de de e i ,
acce e a ie a acce e a , beca e he ffe de ha bee
e ea ed bai .
COMPUTATION OF PENALTIES
N e :
R le b e ed b he Di ec fPi a. Se ice i i begi he da he
he a de i c ai f e al ie dg e fc ic i bec e fi a .
i ed he c ic : b. If i c d a d he acc ed a ea , he
e ice f he e e ce h d c e ce
1. R le N . 1 he he ffe de i i i f he da e f he ga i f he
he d a i f e a e a ie i f deci i f he a e ae c , he ia
he da hich he j dg e f c .
c ic i bec e fi al, a d f he
da f hi de e i . EFFECT
a. Thi e a ie i ca e f e a
e a ie (e.g. e a ab e EFFECTS OF THE PENALTIES OF
di a ifica i , e a ecia PERPETUAL OR TEMPORARY ABSOLUTE
di a ifica i , a d e i ) a d he DISQUALIFICATION (ART. 30)
ffe de i de de e i (a he he a. De i a i f he b ic ffice a d
i de g i g e e i e i i e ) e e hich he ffe de a ha e
he d, e e if c fe ed b a e ec i ;
Rea : U de A . 24, he a e a d b. De i a i f he igh e i a e ec i
e a de e i f he acc ed i f a a e ec i e ffice be e ec ed
c ide ed a e a . ch ffice;
c. Di a ifica i f he ffice b ic
2. R le N . 2 he he ffe de i i e e a df he e e ci e f a f
i he d a i f e a ie c i i g he igh e i ed; a d
i de i a i f ibe , i f he da ha d. L f a igh eie e a he
he ffe de i aced a he di a f e i f a ffice f e he d.
Page 76 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
N e : P e: T e e e he i f e ec i ; e
a. PERPETUAL ABSOLUTE e de ed i fa b c ic i f fe
DISQUALIFICATION i effec i e d i g he he ba e ffe e i dica i e f a i de
ife i e f he c ic a d e e af e he i fi e e ci e ch igh . (People . Co al,
e ice f he e e ce. G.R. No. L-42300, 1936).
b. TEMPORARY ABSOLUTE
DISQUALIFICATION Effec f Ci il I e dic i (A . 34)
i. Ge e al R le: a d i g he e f a. De i ai f he igh f ae a a h i
he e e ce, a d i e ed af e he g a dia hi f a a d;
e ice f he a e. b. De i ai f aia a h i ;
ii. E ce i : c. De i ai f he igh a age hi
1. De i a i f he b ic ffice e a d f he igh di e f ch
e e (Effec .1); a d e b a ac a c e a ce i e
2. L f a igh eie e i ;
a he e i f a d. B he ca di e f ch e b i
ffice f e he d (Effec . 4). d ai i ca a; and
e. He ca a a age di e f hi
Effec f Pe e al Te a S ecial e b ac i e i , if d e i hi
Di alifica i (A . 31) beha f b a dicia g a dia a i ed f
a. De i a i f he ffice, e e , hi a a i c e e . (Sec. 2, R e 92,
fe i ca i g affec ed; a d R e fC )
b. Di a ifica i f h di g i i a ffice
e e e e a d i g he e Ci il i e dic i i a acce e al
f he e e ce. he f ll i g i ci al e al ie :
1. If dea h e a i c ed ife
Effec f Pe e al Te a S ecial i i e ;
Di alifica i f he E e ci e f he Righ 2. Rec i e e a; a d
f S ff age (A . 32) 3. Rec i e a.
a. De i a i f he igh e be
e ec ed a b ic ffice; a d Effec fB d Kee he Peace (A . 35)
b. Ca h d a b ic ffice d i g he a. The ffe de e e fficie
e i d f di a ifica i . e ie h ha de a e ha he ffe de
i c i he ffe e gh be
Effec fS e i f a P blic Office, e e ed, a d ha i ca e ch ffe e be
P fe i , Calli g, he Righ f c i ed he i a he a
S ff age (A . 33) de e i ed b he C ;
a. Di a ifica i f h di g ch ffice b. The ffe de de i ch a ih
e e ci i g ch fe i ca i g igh he C e f C g a a ee aid
f ff age d i g he e f he e e ce; de a i g;
a d c. The ffe de a be de ai ed, if he ca
b. If e ded f b ic ffice, he ffe de gi e he b d, f a e i d e ceed 6
ca h d a he ffice ha i g i i a h if ec ed f g a e e ga e
f ci d i g he e i d f e i . fe , f a ei d e ceed 30 da ,
if f a igh fe .
DISQUALIFICATION i he i hh di g f a i. B d ee he eace i diffe e f
i i ege, a e ic i he igh f ff age bai b d hich i ed f he
h d ffice, a d a de ia f a igh . i i a e ea e f a e a e ed f
acc ed f a c i e. B d ee he
Page 77 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
eace f g d beha i i i ed a R les as o s bsidiar imprisonmen

a e a i h ea . PENALTY IMPOSED SUBSIDIARY
ii. J ice Rega ad : I i be ie ed ha hi IMPRISONMENT
i i e a c i ca be a ied i ce P i i c eci a N e ceed 1/3 f he
hi b d i e i ed i he c i e f a e a d fi e e f he e e ce,
h ea a d if he ffe de fai c a d i ca e
he e i h, he e a i ab e i c i e f e
de ie (A . 284). Nei he ca hi ha e ea .
e a a ci e de ecia a
a fe ie (i.e. c i e i hed N e: F ac i a
de RPC) a e c e a ed he ei . f a da , c ed.
Fi e N e ceed 6 h ,
d. A lica i
if he ffe de i
Ge e al R le: The e a e c ibed b a i ec ed f a
ge ea e ha be i ed: ga e e fe ,
1. U he i ci a ; a d a d e ceed 15
2. F c a ed fe . da if ec ed f
a igh fe .
E ce i : Whe he a fi e a e a f he Highe ha i i N b idia
f a ed a e ed fe i ca e he e a c eci a i i e
c ide ha he e a e b e Pe a i ed i S b idia e a
deg ee c e di g aid ac f e ec i be e ec ed b ha c i i he
i i ae he g d e. c fi e e d, b f a e de i a i a
fi ed d a i h e f he i ci a
SUBSIDIARY IMPRISONMENT e a , de he
a e e ab e.
S b idia e al I ca e he fi a cia He ha a he fi e,
I i a b idia e a iabi i be ffe ed ci c a ce f he i h a di g he
b he c ic h ha e ih hich c ic h d fac ha he c ic
ee he fi e. i e ffe ed b idia
e a iabi i
N e : he ef
a. Fai e a he fi e b ec he acc ed
b idia i i e . The a e de i a i a h e f hich
b. R.A. 10159, e ac ed A i 10, 2012 he i ci al e al c i ( a ag a g 4,
cha ged he b idia e a iabi i be A . 39)
ffe ed b he c ic i h e ih The b idia e a i he a e de i a i
hich ee he fi e, a he a e f e da a h e f hich he i ci a e a c i
f each a e i ae he highe f. Th , if he e a i ed i i i e ,
i i age a e ( ed 8 e ) he b idia e a be i i e
e ai i g i he Phi i i e a he i e f he a . If he e a i de ie , he b idia
e di i f dg e fc ic i b he ia e a be de ie a .
c .
c. J dge e f c ic i i e N b idia e al i he f ll i g ca e :
b idia i i e . 1. Whe he e a i ed i highe ha
d. S b idia i i e i a acce p i ion co ecional.
e a . 2. F fai e a he e a a i f he
da age ca ed, i de ifica i f he
Page 78 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
c e e ia da age , a d he c f he ea f age ha be ec i e a i i
ceedi g . edi e i d." The e a f ec i
3. Whe he e a i ed i a fi e a d a e a i i edi e i d i 14 ea , eigh
e a be e ec ed b c fi e e i (8) h , a d e (1) da 17 ea a d f
a e a i i i a d hich ha fi ed (4) h . (People . P ing Tamo , G.R. No.
d ai . 208009, J. LEONEN, J l 11, 2016)
INDETERMINATE SENTENCE LAW (ISL) PLEASE SEE SPL REVIEWER FOR A

COMPLETE DISCUSSION OF THE ISL p.
A lica i he i ed e e ce: 341
The ISL c i f a a i a d i i ,
e. G ad a i f Pe al ie
i ead f a i g e fi ed e a . The i e
be e e ced i i e f a ei d G ad a i f Pe al ie Refe :
hich i e ha he a i a d e 1. B deg ee:
ha he i i . a. S age f e ec i (c a ed,
f a ed, a e ed); a d
The i e e e he i i bef e he b. Deg ee f he c i i a a ici a i f
i e igib e f a e. The e i d be ee he he ffe de ( i ci a , acc ice,
i i a d a i i i de e i a e i he acce );
e e ha he i e a be e e ed f 2. B e i d:
e i g aid i de e i a e e i d i h e i a. Mi i , edi , a i : efe
a . he e e i d f he e a , hich
h d be i ed he agg a a i g
The a d e i ai he e f he Chief i iga i g ci c a ce a e d he
E ec i e de he Ad i i a i e C de. c i i f he c i e
P e: T if a d edee a ab e h a Grad a ed Scales for Lo ering of Penal ies

a e ia a d e e ece a a d e ce i e (Ar icle 71)
de i a i f ibe a d ec ic ef e . 1.Rec i e e a
(People . D co in, G.R. No. L-38332, 1933). 2.Rec i e a
3. P i i a
N e: If a e a e hi 12- ea - d f e 4.P i i c ecci a
da gh e , he i de e i a e e a f 14 ea SCALE N . 1 5. A e a
a d eigh (8) h f ec i e a a 7. De ie
i i 20 ea f ec i e a h d 8. A e e
be i ed. A ic e 266-B(10) f he RPC a e 9. P b ic ce e
ha he e a f ec i e a ha be 10. Fi e
i ed if he a e h gh e a a a i 1. Pe e a ab e
c i ed i h a f he 10 agg a a i g di a ifica i
a if i g ci c a ce i ed i a ag a h 6. 2.Te a ab e
Si ce he agg a a i g a if i g di a ifica i
ci c a ce f eai hi a d i i a e 3. S e i f
e e , he e a f ec i e a SCALE NO. 2 b ic ffice, he igh
e c ibed b he RPC de A ic e 266-B(10) e a d be ed f ,
ha be i i a i e i d. a d he igh f a
fe i ca i g
F he , A ic e III, Sec i 5(b) f Re b ic Ac 4. P b ic ce e
N . 7610 ide ha " he e a f a ci i 5. Fi e
c d c he he ic i i de e e (12)
Page 79 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
PENALTY ACCESSORY
PENALTIES
A ic e 71 ide he ca e hich h d be
Dea h, he 1. Pe e a ab e
b e ed i g ad a i g he e a ie b deg ee
e ec ed b di a ifica i ; a d
i acc da ce i h A ic e 61.
ea f 2. Ci i i e dic i f 30
Ill ai : c ai ea , if e e
ad e i ed i he a d .
A e MAX Pe al Rec i 1. Ci i i e dic i f ife
Ma e c ibed e e aa d d i g he e e ce;
Med b la ec i a d
e a 2. Pe e a ab e
i ONE deg ee di a ifica i , e
e e e e i ed i
De ie MAX he ad f he
i ci a e a .
Med TWO
Pi i a 1. Te a ab e
deg ee
i di a ifica i ; a d
e
2. Pe e a ecia
Thi e a deg ee e f a e o di a ifica i f
ma o i i edi a d a i ei d i ff age, e
de ie o i i i i a d edi ei d . e e e i ed i
he ad f he
f. Acce Pe al ie i ci a e a .
Pi i 1. S e i f
A . 25 cla ifie e al ie i :
c ecci a b ic ffice,
1. P i ci a e a ie h e e e
fe i ca i g,
i ed b he c i he dg e f
a d
c ic i .
2. Pe e a ecia
2. Acce e al ie h e ha a e
di a ifica i f
dee ed i cl ded i he i ii f he
ff age, if he d a i
i ci al e al ie .
f i i e
e ceed 18 h ,
Acce Pe al ie :
e e e
a. Pe e a e a ab e
e i ed i he a d
di a ifica i ,
f he i ci a e a .
b. Pe e a e a ecia
A e S e i f he igh
di a ifica i ,
h d ffice a d he igh f
c. S e i f b ic ffice, he igh
ff age d i g he e f
e a d be ed f , he fe i
he e e ce.
ca i g.
d. Ci i i e dic i ,
N e :
e. I de ifica i ,
a. De ie ha acce e a
f. F fei e c fi ca i fi e a d
b. Acce e a ie eed be e e
ceed f he ffe e,
i ed a he a e dee ed i ed.
g. Pa e fc .
A ic e 73 ide ha he e e he
c ha i ea e a hich, b
i i f a , ca ie ih i he
Penal ies in hich o her Accessor Penal ies
e a ie , i be de d ha he
Are Inheren :
Page 80 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
ece a e a ie ae a i ed If he c ic ha a ead e ed
he c ic . e e ce f e ffe e, ha
i i e i be c ide ed f
e d f ic he e f he h ee-f d e.
f. S b idia i i e ha be e c ded i
V. EXECUTION AND SERVICE c i g f he a i d ai .
a. Th ee-F ld R le
b. P ba i La (P.D. N . 968)
Th ee-F ld R le (ART. 70)
If a acc ed ha e e e ha 3 PLEASE SEE DISCUSSION ON PD 968 IN
e e ce , he ca be e e ced e ha THE SPL REVIEWER p. 344
3 i e he e ee e a ha a be
i ed hi f he a i c i e he igh
c. J e ile J ice a d Welfa e Ac f 2006
ha e c i ed.
PLEASE SEE DISCUSSION IN THE SPL
Ill ai : X i e e ced ffe : REVIEWER p. 347
14 ea ,8 h a d 1 da (h icide)
17 ea ,4 h , a d 1 da (i a he DISTINGUISHED FROM PREVENTIVE
ca e) mo e e e penal IMPRISONMENT PERIOD OF PREVENTIVE
14 ea a d8 h ( hi d ca e) IMPRISONMENT DEDUCTED FROM TERM OF
12 ea (f a ed h icide) IMPRISONMENT (ART. 29):
The e e e e a i 17 ea , 4 h , PREVENTIVE IMPRISONMENT i he e i d

a d 1 da . Th ee i e he e a i 52 ea f de e i de g e b a acc ed he e he
a d 3 da . c i e i h hich he i cha ged i -bai ab e ,
e e if bai ab e he i ab e he e i i e
B i ce he a i i he d a i f he bai .
a i e e ha 40 ea , X
i ffe 40 ea . RULES IN DEDUCTING PERIOD OF
PREVENTIVE IMPRISONMENT:
P e: (a ide f he 40- ea i i ) T a id
he ab di f a a bei g e e ced 1. If he de e i i e ag ee ai i
i i e f a ge e i d ha hi a a i i g abide b he a e di ci i a e
ife. i ed c ic ed i e , he ha
be c edi ed i he e ice f hi e e ce i h
N e : he f i e d i g hich he had de g e
a. A ie a h gh he e a ie eei ed e e i ei i e .
f diffe e c i e , a diffe e i e , a d 2. If he de e i i e d e ag ee
de e a a e i f ai . abide b he a e di ci i a e i ed
b. If he e e ce i i de e i a e, he ba i f c ic ed i e , he ha be
he h eef d- e i he a i e e ce. c edi ed i h 4/5 he i e d i g hich
c. The a i d ai f he c ic he ha de g e e e i e i i e .
e e ce ha e ceed 3 i e he e g h
f i ec e di g he e ee f N e: U de he Chi d a d Y h We fa e C de
he e a ie i ed hi ; (PD 603), he hf ffe de ha be c edi ed
d. B i ca e e ceed 40 ea ; i he e ice f hi e e ce i h he f i e he
e. Thi e ha a he he c ic i e i ac a c fi e e a d de e i . I i
e e4 e e e ce cce i e . ece a ha he ag eed abide b he
Page 81 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
di ci i a e i ed c ic ed e a fi e
i e . e ceedi g P40,000
b hi ided.
Offe de e i led be c edi ed i h he A ic e 26 Aff ic i e e a
f ll i e f -fif h f he i e f hei e ceed P1,200,000
e e i ei i e :
1. Recidi i h e c ic ed e i C ec i a e a
ice e i e f a c i e. If i d e
a. Habi a de i e ae e i ed e ceed P1,200,000
c edi f i e de e e i e b i le ha
i i e i ce he i P40,000
ece a i a ecidi i .
2. Th e h , bei g ed f he Ligh e a Le
e ec i f hei e e ce, failed ha P40,000
e de l a il (c ic h fai ed
ai e de de a fi a e d f ic
dg e ; h e h fai ed ef ed
ai e de af e he c i i f
he c i e) VI. Extinction of criminal liability
T al E i c i f C i i al Liabili ie (A .
N e : 89):
a. C edi i gi e i he e ice f e e ce 1. Dea h f he c ic
c i i g f de i a i f ibe Whe he bef e af e fi a dg e
(i i e a d de ie o), he he 2. Se ice f e e ce
e e a e a. 3. A e , hich c e e e i g i hed he
b. The acc ed ha be e ea ed i edia e e a a d a i effec
he e e he ha de g e e e i e A e : ac f he e eig e
i i e f a ei d e a e g a i g bi i ge e a a d f
ha he ib e a i i i e f a ffe e, e e ed i fa faca
ffe e cha ged. f e
c. If he e a i ed i a e o meno A e a be g a ed af e
de ie o, he acc ed h ha bee i c ic i
i f 30 da (a e o meno 30 da ) 4. Ab l e a d
h d be e ea ed beca e a h gh he Pa d : ac f g ace ceedi g f
a i e a i de ie o (6 h a d he e hich e ec e he a
1 da 6 ea ), he acc ed e e ced e e i g a i di id a f
ch e a d e e ei i i . i h e fci ec i ed
The a d be ab ea d
d. Re blic Ac N . 10951 be acce ed b he c ic ed e
An Ac Adj s ing he Amo n or he Val e of
Proper and Damage on Which a Penal is Amnes . Pardon
Based and he Fines Imposed Under he AMNESTY PARDON
Re ised Penal Code P i ica ffe e A ffe e
A ic e 9 Ligh fe ie ae A ca f e A i di id a i
h e i f ac i f c i ie a d ed
a he Ma be e e ci ed I di id a i a ead
c i i f hich e e bef e ia c ic ed
he e a fa e i e iga i
Page 82 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
L bac a d a d L f ad a d dea h e di g a ea e i g i he hi c i i a
ab i he he ffe e e ie e ffe de f iabi ia d ci i iabi i e de ic , he c i i a
i ef ( h a e - c e e ce f he ac i be di i ed i ce he e i ge
c ic i ge ffe e he a a defeda a d a he acc ed. F ha
be a ecidi i ) c ic ed f (e - i , he c i i a ac i had defe da
c ic i e ai a hich he ac i i ba ed. (T ano
ecidi i ) He nande . People, G.R. 205871, J. LEONEN,
Sep embe 28, 2016)
5. P e c i i f he c i e
6. P e c i i f he e al Prescrip ion of Crimes (Ar . 90)
F fei e f igh f g e e PENALTY OF PRESCRIPTIVE
e ec e fi a e e ce OFFENSE PERIOD
Re i i e : Dea h, ec i 20 ea
1. Pe a i i ed b fi a e e a, ec i
e e ce e a
2. C ic e aded he e ice f he Aff ic i e e a ie 15 ea
e e ce b e ca i g d i g he C ec i a e a 10 ea
e f hi e e ce (e ce a e
7. Ma iage f he ffe ded a (a a )
ided i A . 344) A e a 5 ea
N e: I ca e f ed c i , abd c i , ac f C ai fP e c i i f Offe e
a ci i e , a d a e, he a iage f he a. Pe i d f e c i i c e ce f
ffe de i h he ffe ded a ha he da e f c i i f he da e f
e i g i h he c i i a ac i e i he di c e
e a a ead i ed hi . The b. I c i g he e i d f e ci i ,
i i f hi a ag a h ha a be e c de he fi da a d i c de he a
a icab e he c - i ci a , acc ice c. Whe he a da fa a S da ega
a d acce ie af e he fac f he h ida , he i f a i ca ge be fi ed
ab e e i ed c i e . (A . 344, RPC) he e da a he c i e ha a ead
e c ibed. (Yapdiangco B encamino, No.
Ma iage f he ffe de i h he ffe ded a L- 28841, J ne 24, 1983)
AFTER he c i i f a f he c i e f d. I i i e ed b he fi i g f he c ai
a e, ed c i , abd c i ac f i f ai a d c e ce agai
a ci i e be c ac ed b he he he ceedi g e i a e i h he
ffe de i GOOD FAITH. (People . San iago, acc ed bei g c ic ed ac i ed
51 Phil. 68, 70) ifiab ed f a ea
i ab e hi .
H ab i a e? e. P e c i i d e he he ffe de
I ca e f a e, de A ic e 266-C, he i ab e f he Phi i i e .
b e e a id a iage be ee he f. Whe he e a i c d, he highe
ffe ded a (a d he a e ic i ) ha e a i he ba i f he a ica i f he
e i g i h he c i i a ac i he e i A . 90
e a i ed, a he i ci a . g. Whe e he e i a a e a i e e a f fi e,
hich i highe ha he e a f
N e: Whe he acc ed die d i g he i i e , e ci i f he c i e i
e de c f hi a ea , hi c i i a iabi i ha be ba ed he fi e
a ead bee e i g i hed. C ide i g ha hi h. C ide he e a e c ibed b a
Page 83 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
Prescrip ion of Penal ies (Ar . 92) U a c di i i ed: ha he ha

PENALTY PRESCRIPTIVE agai i a e a f he e a a f
PERIOD he Phi i i e
Dea h a d ec i 20 ea b. C ai f e e ce (A . 95)
e e a E ample :
O he aff ic i e 15 ea C ic e e ced dea h i e 70
e a ie (A . 83)
C ec i a 10 ea 8 SC J ice fai each deci i f
e a ie (e ce affi a ce f dea h e a
a e a ) c. G d c d c a a ce hich he c i
a ea hi e he i e i g hi e e ce
Ligh e a ie 1 ea
(A . 95)
Ded c i f e f e e ce f g d
C ai fP e c i i f Pe al ie
beha i (A . 97)
a. C e ce f he da e he he
S ecia i e a a ce f a (A .
c i e aded he e ice f hi e e ce
98)
b. I e ed he he c ic
d. Pa e g a ed b Pa e B a d (Re e The
i. Gi e hi e f
Re i ed Pe a C de, B 1, 2011)
ii. I ca ed
Pa e: e i f he e e ce f a
iii. G e a f eig c ih
c ic af e e i g he i i f he
e adi i ea
i de e i a e e a ih he g a f
iv. C i a he c i e bef e he
ad
e iai f he e i d f e c i i
v. Acce a ce f c di i a ad
Condi ional Pardon . Parole
(People P n illa , G.R. No. 45267,
CONDITIONAL PAROLE
J ne 15, 1938)
PARDON
c. Whe e he acc ed a e e aced i
c fi e e , he e i d f e ci i e e G a ed b Chief G a ed b he
a i hi fa . (Pangan Hon. E ec i e B a d f Pa d
Ga bali e, e al., G.R. No. 141718, Jan a a d Pa e
21, 2005) Ba i i Ba i i he
Ad i i a i e C de I de e i a e
Se e ce La
Prescrip ion of felonies . Prescrip ion of
Gi e a i e af e Gi e af e i e
penal ies
fi a dg e ha e ed he
PRESCRIPTION OF PRESCRIPTION OF
i i e a
FELONIES PENALTIES
Vi a i f Vi a i f a e
The f fei e The f fei e
c di i a a d a ead
f he igh f he S a e f he igh f he
a e i ei ca ce a i f
ec e he G e e
ei ca ce a i a d e ice f e ed
ffe de af e he e ec e he fi a
ec i de A i f igi a
a e f a ce ai e e ce af e he
159 (e a i f e a ih
i e. a e f a ce ai
e ice f e e ce) ec i f A .
i e.
159.
Allo ance for Good Cond c

Pa ial E i c i f C i i al Liabili
LENGTH OF ALLOWED
a. C di i a a d (A . 95)
SENTENCE DEDUCTION PER
SERVED
Page 84 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
MONTH OF GOOD VII. CIVIL LIABILITIES IN CRIMINAL CASES

BEHAVIOR E e Pe C i i all Liable f a Fel i
Fi 2 ea 5 da al Ci ill Liable (A . 100)
3 d 5 h ea 8 da
6 h 10 h ea 10 da T Ca e fI ie :
11 h ea ad 15 da 1. S cia I
2. Pe a I
N e: N a a ce f g d c d c hi e he
i e i e ea ed de a c di i a a d SOCIAL INJURY PERSONAL INJURY
(People Ma in, 68 Phil. 122) P d ced b he Ca ed he ic i
di ba ce a d f he c i e h a
S ecial Ti e All a ce f L al aa hich a e he ha e ffe ed
A ded c i f e fif h (1/5) f he e i d f c e f he da age ei he
e e ce i g a ed a i e h , ha i g ffe e hi /he e ,
e aded hi e e ed i i e he e , h ,
e ice f hi e e ce, de he f i g cha i
ci c a ce : Re ai ed h gh he I de i i ci i i
a. O he cca i f di de e i gf a i ii f he a e
c f ag a i , ea h a e, e i , c e di g
i i a ca a he, e a
b. D i g a i i hich he ha
a ici a ed Wha i i cl ded i ci il liabili (A . 104)
1. Re i i
gi e hi e f he a h i ie i hi 48 h The e ac hi g a f a e be
f i g he i a ce f a ca ai e ed e e if f d i e i
a ci g he a i g a a f he ca a i f hi d e h ac i ed i h gh
ca a he. a f ea
Ge e al R le: e i i i i i ed
A ded c i f -fif h (2/5) f he e i d f hi c i e agai e
e e ce ha be g a ed i ca e aid i e 2. Re a a i f da age ca ed
ch e a i he ace f hi c fi e e If e i i i ib e
i h a di g he e i e ce f a ca a i Ge e a efe ci e agai
ca a he. e
3. I de ifica i fc e e ia da age
e d f ic Ge e a efe ci e agai
e
N da age ffe ed b i ed
a b a h e ffe ed b hi fa i
hi d e b ea f he c i e
Page 85 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
Ci il Liabili . Pec niar Liabili c c bi age, i ega

CIVIL LIABILITY PECUNIARY a bi a de e i
(A . 104) LIABILITY (A . 38) a e , i ega
Re a a i f da age ca ed ea ch, ibe , a de ,
I de ifica i f c e e ia da age defa a i , a d
I c de e i i N e i i a i a ici ec i
ec ia iabi i , Offe e c i ed E e a da age
iabi i i aid f ih e e
e f ffe de . agg a a i g
I e i i , e ci c a ce
a f a e i
e ed N e :
D e i c de I c de fi e a d a. If he e i da age ca ed b he
fi e c f he c f he c i i f he c i e, he ffe de i
ceedi g ceedi g ci i iab e.
b. Ac i a i a c i i a ca e d e
Damages Tha Ma be Reco ered in Criminal ece a i ea he e i c i f acc ed
Cases: ci i iabi i .
OFFENSE DAMAGE Eg. Ac i a ea ab e d b ,
AWARDED ac i a f a ca e f
i abi i , ac i a i he c i i a
C i e agai Da age i ba ed
ac i f eg ige ce, he he e i
e ice f he hi g
ci i iabi i , i de e de ci i
a d e i e a
a e i ed a ac i .
if he hi g i e f c. A e e e f c i i a iabi i de
A 12 i ece a i e e f ci i
ca be e ed.
iabi i .
Ci e agai Wha e e he i ed
E ce :
e (i.e. h ica a e f he
Pa 4, A 12, f i ca ed b
i ie ) ea e f hi
e e accide
d , d c
Pa 7, A 12, f fai e ef
fee , a d ea ed
a ac e i ed b a he
age b ea f
e e ed b e a f
i abi i
i e ab e ca e.
beca e f he
d. The e i ci i iabi i i if i g
i ie . (I ca e f
ci c a ce (A 11).
e a
e. Ci i iabi i i e i g i hed i he a e
e a e e a
a e a he b iga i (i.e. a e ,
i , da age f
ef a ce, f he hi g d e)
i ai e f
ea i g ca aci a
e d f ic
be a a ded.)
Ci i a ffe e M a da age
e i g i h ica
i ie , i c i e f
ed c i , abd c i ,
a e he
a ci i ac ,
ad e ,
Page 86 of 354
CRIMES UNDER
THE REVISED
PENAL CODE
Criminal Law
ATENEO CENTRAL
II. CRIMES UNDER THE REVISED PENAL A. CRIMES AGAINST NATIONAL SECURITY
CODE AND THE LAWS OF NATIONS
Cha e 1: C i e agai Na i al Sec i
TOPIC OUTLINE UNDER THE SYLLABUS:
Sec i 1. T ea a dE i age
II. CRIMES UNDER THE REVISED PENAL
CODE Ar . 114 Treason
A. CRIMES AGAINST NATIONAL SECURITY T ea i a b each f a egia ce a
AND LAWS OF NATIONS g e e c i ed b a e h e
B. CRIMES AGAINST THE FUNDAMENTAL a egia ce i .
LAW OF THE STATE
Ele e : (FRAP- LAW)
C. CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC ORDER 1. ha he ffe de (a Fi i i ci i e a
D. CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC INTEREST Reide A ie ) e a egia ce he
G e e f he Phi i i e
E. CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC MORALS 2. he ffe de ei he :
F. CRIMES COMMITTED BY PUBLIC a.
Le ie a agai he G e e ;
OFFICERS b.
Adhe e he e e ie b gi i g he
aid c f
G. CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS
3. ha he e i a Wa i hich he Phi i i e i
H. CRIMES AGAINST PERSONAL LIBERTY i ed
AND SECURITY
Allegia ce
I. CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY
Ob iga i f fideli a d obedience hich he
J. CRIMES AGAINST CHASTITY i di id a e he g e e de hich
he i e hei e eig , i e f
K. CRIMES AGAINST THE CIVIL STATUS OF
ec i he ecei e. (La el Mi a, GR No. L-
PERSONS
409, Jan a 30, 1947)
L. CRIMES AGAINST HONOR
M. QUASI-OFFENSES Ca ea c i ed i a f eig c
be ec ed i he Phili i e ?
Ye . T ea c i ed i a f eig c a
be ec ed i he Phi i i e . (A . 2, RPC)
Place f c i i fc i e
1. Fi i i ci i e : a he e i ce he e
e a e a egia ce hich c i i he
b iga i f fide i a d bedie ce hich a
ci i e b ec e hi g e e
e eig ;
2. A ie : i he Phi i i e e ce i ca e f
c i ac . A a ie e e a
a egia ce he c he e he e ide .
Te a a egia ce i he b iga i f
fide i a d bedie ce hich a e ide a ie
e he Phi i i e G e e .
Page 88 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
Na e f T ea N e T ea b Adhe e ce E e ie
T ea i a a c i e (he ce, ca be
c i ed d i g a i e f eace), i hed b Adhe e ce e e ie
he a e a a ea e f e f-defe e a d e f- I e be a ; he a ci i e in ellec all o
e e a i . (Conc ing Opinion of J ice emo ionall fa o he e e a d ha b
Pe fec o, La el . Mi a, G.R. No. L-409, Jan a a hie c ic i di a hi
30, 1947) c ic i e e . (C ame US, 65
S p. C . 918, Ap il 23, 1945)
P i hable Ac
1. Le i g a e i e c c e ce f: Adhe e ce i h Ph ical Ma ife a i
a. A ac a a e b i g f e ; a d Me e adhe e ce ih i h ica
b. F he e f e ec i g a a ife ai h gh he gi i g f aid c f
ea ab e de ig b f ce; he e e d e ffice. The c c .
2. Adhe e ce e e ie e ie (People Tan, PC, 42 O.G. 1263)
c c e ce f:
a. Ac a adhe e ce he e e ie ; a d E e
b. Gi i g aid c f he . The e e e h d efe a f eig c
(US Lagna on, 3 Phil 478). I a ie he
N e T ea b Le i g Wa b ec f a f eig e i a Sae f h ii
i h he ai c beca e hi A ic e
I e O e h G e e ea f ci c a ce f a. I d e
Le i g a be i h in en o o e h o he e b ace ebe i i ec i agai hei
g e e , ee e i a a ic a c , f i ha ca e he c i e d be
a e e e a a ic a ffice . I a e ebe i . (Re e , Book T o)
h ai a d f i e he a e a a dh
i ib e i acc i h e . Aid C f
Ac hich eng hen o end o eng hen he
N ece a ha he e be a F al e e i he c d c f a agai he ai
Decla a i f Wa c a d a ac hich ea e e d
I ea b e i g a,i i ece a ha ea e he e f he ai c e i
he e be a f a dec a a i f he e i e ce f a ac he e e . (C ame US, 65 S p. C .
a a e f a . Ac a h i i ie a de e i e 918, Ap il 23, 1945)
he da e f he c e ce e f a.
(Conc ing Opinion of J ice Pe fec o, La el . E e f Aid C f
Mi a, G.R. No. L-409, Jan a 30, 1947) I be a deed h ica ac i i , ch a ac
f i hi g he e e iha , , ie ,
Le i g i C llab a i i h a F eig i f ai ea f a ai , a d
E e ee a e a e a i . (Re e , Book T o, p.
If he e i g f a i d e i c ab a i ih 7)
a f eig e e b i e e a ci i i i g
ih a i e i f he i g a e e a The e ac be i e i a . The e i
e e , he c i e i ea . The ffe de ea h gh eg ige ce. (Re e , Book T o,
a be he d iab e f ebe i . (L i B. Re e , p. 11)
The Re i ed Penal Code Book T o p. 6, 2017)
Gi i g i f ai , c a dee i g
f d ff f , he e e i e ide ce f b h
adhe e ce a d aid c f . (Re e , Book T o,
p. 7)
Page 89 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
Effec he eff aid cce f l b. Na e f ac i e f;

N e e ia ha he eff aid be cce f , c. Ci c a ce di g he ac .
ided e ac a e d e hich if cce f
d ad a ce he i e e f he e e (People T - i e le:
Ala con, GR No. L-407, J l 28, 1947) Te i ie need no be iden ical, b
eae he a e e ac (Ha f . Uni ed
Acce a ce f blic ffice a d di cha ge f S a e , 67 S. C . 874). I i fficie ha he
fficial d ie de he e e i e e a e if i hei e i ie he
Me e acce a ce f b ic ffice a d di cha ge f e ac ; ece a i ha he e be a
fficia d ie de he e e d c i e c b ai be ee he he i he
he fe f ea . B he he ii i e ified (People . Concepcion G.R. No. L-
lic - de e i i g, he acce a ce f b ic 1853, Oc obe 25, 1949).
ffice a d he di cha ge f fficia d ie
c i e ea . The - i e e i se erel res ric i e;
he ce, each f he i e e e if he
P lic -De e i i g Officia h defi ed he h e e ac ; if i i e a ab e, he e be
f c d c ha a ffice a d fficia de i e e each a f he e ac
he de a e he headed had ad a d (People . E cle o, G.R. No. L-1006, J ne 28,
e f ce, a d he ed i he aga i f he 1949).
c eed f he i ade , a d he ac a d e a ce
f he acc ed hi e h di g he ii hich Rea f - i e le:
e e d e i ea e i e e f ch ic , The ecia a e f he c i e e i e ha he
a d he acce a ce f ch b ic ffice a d acc ed be aff ded a pecial p o ec ion
di cha ge f ch fficia d ie c i e e i ed i he ca e a a id a
ea . (People Si on, P.C., 42 O.G. 748) i ca iage f ice. (Conc ing Opinion of
J ice Pe fec in El P eblo de Filipina .
Ac c ide ed a ea Ma caida, GR No. L-953, Sep embe 18, 1947)
1. C a dee i g f e ee ai f
he f he e e (People Pe e , GR Whe c belie e i l 1 i e
No. L-856, Ap il 18, 1949) The - i e ei a i fied if he c
2. Ma iage f he acc ed a Ja a e e be ie e i e i e (People Ad iano,
a a d e e a a i e ee GR No. L-477, J ne 30, 1947)
(People Ba con, GR No. L-1548, Ma ch 29,
1949) Wi e e if e i
I i fficie e i e di c edi e i ie
O he Ac C ide ed a T ea f i e e if he deficie c efe ee
Se i g a i f e a d ac i e e be f he i de ai . (People Lan ana , GR No. L-
Ja a e e Mi i a P ice (People Fe nando, GR 1622, Decembe 2, 1948)
No L-1138, Decembe 17, 1947)
C fe i f g il b he acc ed i e
Wa e: c
1. T ea (O er ac of gi ing aid or The c fe i i e c , hich a
comfor ) defe da a be c ic ed f ea , i a
a. Te i - a ea 2 i e e he c fe i f g i . The ec i ca be
a e e ac ; e e ded a i c de ad i i f fac , f
b. J dicial c fe i f he acc ed i hich hi g i a be i fe ed, ade b he
e c . defe da i gi i g hi e i af e a ea f
2. Adhe e ce g i . (US Mag iba , GR No. L-1317,
a. O e i e ; No embe 23, 1903)
Page 90 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
E a dicia c fe i ade bef e Whe c ci e a be c ide ed

i e iga i fficie . (Re e , Book T o, e a a el f c i e f T ea
p. 16) C ci e ch a de , h ica
i ie , id a i g, i ega de e i , bbe
Ci c a ce i he e i T ea : (EAT) a be c ide ed e a a e f he c i e f
1. E ide e edi a i ; ea he he a e c i ed f a i a e
2. Ab e f S e i S e g h; a d e a e i e a d f he
3. T eache (People . Adla an, 83 Phil 195; e f gi i g aid c f he e e a
People . Raca a, 82 Phil 623) a ee e f ea . (1 AMURAO, Book T o)
Agg a a i g ci c a ce i T ea : Ar . 115. Conspirac and Proposal o Commi

(ICAG) Treason
1. Ig i ;
2. C e ; Ele e :
3. A deg ee f aid; a d 1. P a C i T ea
4. G a i ei e f he ac f ea . a. I i e f Wa ;
b. A Pe h ha decided e a
T ea i ac i ffe e agai he g e e , Adhe e
T ea i a c i ffe e. (People . he e e ie a d gi e he aid
Vic o ia, G.R. No. L-369 Ma ch 13, 1947) c f ;a d
c. P e i e ec i e he
Q a i f e ide ce e i ed f c ic i e / .
P f f e c i fficie f c ic i . 2. C i ac C i T ea
(People . San J an, G.R. No. L-2997, J ne 29, a. I i e f Wa ;
1951) b. T O M e e c e a
Ag ee e -
Defenses in Treason i. Le a agai he g e e ;
DEFENSES NOT A DEFENSE
D e S e ded ii. Adhe e he e e ie a d gi e
c ab e fea ; a egia ce; a d he aid c f ;a d
a d c. The Decide c i i.
Obedie ce de J i i g he e e
fac g e e . a h C i ac a d P al c i a fel
bec i g a ci i e a a ge e al le
f he e e . A a ge e a e, c i ac a d a
c i a fe i i hab e. (A . 8) A .
T ea ca be c le ed ih he 115 i a e ce i a i ecifica e ai e
ci e c i ac a d a c i ea .
The e i c e c i e f ea ih de P al if acce ed
h ica i ie . (People . P ie o 80 Phil. 138) Me e a e e ih acce a ce i
Thi i beca e, he he deed i cha ged a a i hab e. If he he acce , i i a ead
ee e f ea , i bec e ide ified i h he c i ac .
a e c i e a d ca be he b ec f a
e aae i h e , ed i c bi a i ih Effec he he ac f T ea ae
ea i c ea e he e a hich A .48 f c i ed af e C i ac P al
he RPC ide . (People He nande , GR No. If ac f ea ae c i ed af e he
L-6025, J l 18, 1956) c i ac al, he c i e c i ed
i be ea , a d he c i ac a i
c ide ed a a ea i he c i i
Page 91 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
he e f. The ac f c i ac a d a ae T h c i ac be e ed
ab bed he ei . RPC e i 4 i di id a h he
c i ac be e ed [i.e. 1) g e , 2)
T -Wi e R le A licable i cia fi ca , 3) a , 4) ci fi ca ], b
T - i e e a licable i ce hi i a ha if e e he high- a i g
c i e e a a e a d di i c f ea . g e e fficia ? (e : PNP Di ec )? J dge
Pi e e a a g e e fficia f he
Ar . 116. Misprision of Treason DILG i OK.
Mi i i f ea i he fai e f a ci i e
e a a ib e a c i ac , A .116 E ce i R le ha e e ile ce
hich c e hi edge, agai he d e ake e c i i all liable.
g e e . B he e be a a i hich Fai e e i ai f he a i a
he Phi i i e i i ed. (BOADO, RPC c i e, e ce i ce ai ca e . A . 116 i a
and SPL) e ce i he e ha e e i e ce d e
a e a e ci i a iab e. (People
Ele e : Saa ed a, GR No. L-49738, Ma 18, 1987)
1. Tha he ffe de i a ci i e f he
Phi i i e , a d a f eig e; Ar . 117. Espionage
2. Tha he ha edge f a c i ac E i age i he ffe e f ga he i g,
agai he G e e ; a i i g, i gi f ai i h e ec
3. Tha he c i ac i e c i ea ; he a i a defe e, i h i e ea
4. Tha he c cea d e di c e a d be ie e ha he i f ai i be ed
a e he a e a a ib e he i f he Re b ic f he Phi i i e
he e a h i he ad a age f a f eig a i .
Ca a e ide alie c i he c i e f P i hable Ac (modes of commi ing

i i i ? Espionage):
N . A e ide a ie ca c i i i i f 1. B e e i g, ih a h i , a
i i i . A . 116 e e ide ih a hi , f , iia a a
bei g a f eig e . e ab i h e e e ai b ai a
i f ai , a , h ga h he da a
Whe i i i a licable f c fide ia a e e a i e he defe e
A . 116 d e a he ea i a ead f he Phi i i e
c i ed b e e a d he acc ed d e 2. B di c i g he e e e a i e f a
e i c i i . (Re e , Book T o, p. 20) f eig ai he c e f he a ic e ,
da a i f ai efe ed i he
Offe de a acce ea , b a ecedi g a ag a h, hich he had i hi
i ci al i he c i e f i i i e i b ea f he b ic ffice he
The ffe de de A ic e 116 i i hed a a h d
acce he c i e f ea , hich i
deg ee e ha he e a f ea ,b i Pe liable:
a i ci a ffe de i he c i e f i i i f 1. Fi de:
ea . Mi i i i a e a a e a d di i c ANY e he he :
ffe e f he c i e f ea (Re e , Book a. Fi i i ci i e OR e ide a ie
T o, p. 21) (f eig e );
b. P i a e i di id a a b ic ffice ; a d
2. Sec d de:
a. A b ic ffice
Page 92 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
Ele e : 10. De i g i i g a e i g i e
1. B e e i g i h a h i , a a hi , de a a e ia ( he he c i
f iia a a e ab i h e a a) a i a defe e a e ia ,
e e ai e i e i i ie (E e if he c i
a. ha he ffe de e e a f he ace a a ); a d
e i ed; 11. Ma i g ca i g be ade, i a defec i e
b. ha he ha a h i he ef ; a e, a e i g a e, a a e ia
c. ha hi ei b ai i f ai , ( he he c i a a) ai a
a , h ga h he da a f a defe e a e ia (e e if he c i a
c fide ia a e e a i e he defe e a)
f he Phi i i e
2. B di c i g he e e e a i e f a Ele e f bei g a blic ffice
f eig a i he c e Bei g a b ic ffice i a e i e e i he
a. ha he ffe de i a b ic ffe de ; ec d de, hi e i i agg a a i g i he
b. ha he ha i hi e i he a ic e , fi .
da a, i f ai efe ed i a .1 b
ea f he b ic ffice he h d ; I i ea i gc ide ed e i age?
c. ha he di c e hei c e a N . Wi e a i g i no e pionage if he e
e e e a i e f a f eig a i i no connec ed i h defen e.
A Ac T P i h E i age A d O he I i ece a ha he ffe de cceed i

Offe e Agai Na i al Sec i (C.A. No. b ai i g i f ai ?
616) I he fi de f c i i g he fe ( ha i ,
A . 117), i i ece a ha he ffe de
Ac i hable: cceed i b ai i g he i f ai .
1. U a f b ai i g e i i g be
b ai ed i f ai affec i g ai a Espionage and Treason, Dis ing ished.
defe e; ESPIONAGE TREASON
2. U a f di c i g f i f ai affec i g A o condi ion of ci i en hip
a i a defe e; B haeci e c di i ed b he
3. Di a ac d i i e f peace (i.e. ci i e hi f he ffe de
ca i g i a a e i b di a i , A o hen he ho ld be commi ed
di a , i ef a f d f a
Ma be c i ed I c i ed i
e be f he i i a , a a , ai f ce f b hi i e f i e f a
he Phi i i e ); eace a d i i e
4. Di a ac i i e f a ;
f a
5. Con pi ac c i he f eg i g ac ;
A o manne of commi ion
6. Ha bo ing o concealing i a f he a
Ma be c i ed Li i ed 2 a :
(i.e. he ffe de ha b a e h he
i a a 1. Le i g a ; a d
a e e h c i ed i ab
beca e f A . 2. Adhe i g he
c i a i ai f hi Ac );
116 b i ie f e e , gi i g
7. Ph g a hi g, f ai c af , f i a i i a
he a age f C.A. he aid
i f ai ;
N . 616 c f
8. U i g, e i i g c i g he e f a
ai c af f he a e e f i a i N .7
9. Re d ci g, b i hi g, e i g, gi i g
a a f ce ed c ie f h e
e i ed de N .7 i h he e i i
f he c a di g ffice highe a h i ;
Page 93 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
Sec i T :P ki g Wa a d Di l al I Ele e :
Ca e f Wa 1. Wa i hich he Phi i i e i N I l ed;
2. F he P e f E f ci g e ali , a
Ar . 118. Inci ing To War or Gi ing Mo i es for Reg la i i i ed b c ee a h i ;
Reprisals a d
U a f a h i ed ac f a i di id a 3. Tha he ffe de Vi la e ch
hich e gi e cca i f a a
i i g iab e i e he Phi i i e Ne ali
e e Fi i i e i a hei e I i he c di i fa ai ha , i i e f a ,
e a e a i he di e b c i e
eacef dea i g i h he be ige e . The e
Ele e : be a eg a i i ed b c ee
1. Offe de Pe f U a f a h i ed a h i f he e f ce e f e ai .
ac ; a d
2. S ch ac P e gi e cca i f a a Whe c i e c i ed
i i g iab e i e he Phi i i e The c i e i c i ed i i e f eace i
e e Fi i i ci i e e i a hei he Phi i i e , b i i e f a
e e be ee /a g he a e .
Whe c i e c i ed Phili i e h ld be a f he a
The c i e i c i ed i i e f eace. I i he e a i f he Phi i i e ha i
i a ed. Phi i i e h d be a a he
I i e f ffe de a e ial? a.
I e f he ffe de i i a e ia .
Ar . 120. Correspondence ih Hos ile
Pe f he ffe de Co n r
I i ci i g a , he ffe de i a e . If he A e h , i i e f a , ha ha e
ffe de i a b ic ffice , he e a i ec i c e de ce i h a e e c
e a , hi e he e a f a i a e i di id a e i cc ied b e e ,i a f
i i i a . he de f c i i i dica ed i A .
120.
Re i al
I i a ac f e f-he he a f he i ed Ele e :
a e, e di g (af e a a i fied de a d 1. A WAR i hich he Phili i e i I l ed;
f ed e ) a ac c a i e ai a a 2. Tha he ffe de a e C e de ce
he a f he ffe di g a e. (Na lilaa i ha e e c e i cc ied
Inciden A bi a ion, Po ge e-Ge man A bi al b e e ;
T ib nal, 1928) 3. Tha he c e de ce i ei he
a. P hibi ed b he g e e ,
Re i a a e i i ed i i a ac i ; i c d b. ca ied i Ci he C e i al
be ec ic i a e, c i f de ia f ig ,
e i he ffe ded c . c. c ai i g ice i f ai hich
igh be ef he E e .
Ar . 119. Viola ion of Ne rali
efe a a ac hich i a e a C e de ce
eg a i i ed b c ee a h i f C ica i b ea f e e , i a
he e f e f ci g e ai efe he e e hich a be ee h e h
ha e f ie d b i e ea i . N e ha ,
Page 94 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
e e if he c e de ce c ai i ce Whe c i e c a ed
a e , if he c e de ce ha bee Me e a emp f ee g e e c
hibi ed b he g e e , i i i hab e c a e he c i e.
beca e f he ibi i ha ei f ai
ef he e e igh be e ea ed i i g . Wh alie a be g il f he c i e
A a ie e ide a be g i f f igh e e
Ci he c beca e a a ie e e a
Sec e ii g e ; a c de (Web e a egia ce he Phi i i e g e e .
Dic iona ).
Nece i f hibi i
Whe hibi i b g e e The e be a hibi i . If he e i e, e e
e e ial if e e e e c , he e i c i e.
P hibi i b he g e e i e e ia
he he c e de ce: a) i ca ied i Sec i 3. Pi ac a d M i High Sea
ci he c e i a ig , b) c ai I Phili i e Wa e
ice i f ai hich igh be ef he
e e . Ar . 122. Pirac in General and M in on he
High Seas or In Philippine Wa ers
Q alif i g ci c a ce : 1. Pi ac : A e h , he high ea ,
The f i g c c ge he ha a ac ei e a e e , bei g a
1. Tha he ice i f ai igh be ef l e be f i c e e a a e ge ,
he e e ; a d ha ei e he h e a f he ca g f
2. Tha he ffe de i e ded aid he e e . he e e , i e i e e a
be gi g f he c e e
Whe c i e a T ea a e ge
If he ffe de i e ded aid he e e b gi i g
ch ice i f a i , he c i e a 2. M i : The a f e i a ce a
ea ; he ce e a a e a ha f ea . ei , he ai i g f c i a d
di ba ce b a d a hi agai he
Ar . 121. Fligh o Enem s Co n r a h i fi c a de
A e h , i g a egia ce he
G e e , a e f ee g a Ele e :  Pi ac
e e c he hibi ed b c ee 1. A Ve e i he high ea i Phi i i e
a h i ae ;
2. Offe de N e be fi c e e
Pe liable: a e ge f he e e ; a d
1. Fili i ci i e ; a d 3. The ffe de
2. Alie e idi g i he Phi i i e a. A ac ei e he e el,
b. Sei e h e a f e e ca g ,
Ele e : E i e e a be gi g f i
1. A WAR i hich he Phili i e i I l ed; c e e a e ge
2. Offe de O e Allegia ce he
g e e ; M i
3. Offe de A e flee g e e 1. A Ve e i he high ea i Phi i i e
c ;a d ae ;
4. G i g e e c i P hibi ed b 2. Offe de Me be f i c e e
c ee a h i a e ge f he e e; a d
Page 95 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
3. The ffe de a f e i a ei , Pi ac iable a he e

ai e c i a d di ba ce b ad Pi ac i a c i e agai a a ic a ae
he e e agai he a h i f i b agai a a i d. I a be i hed i he
c a de c ee ib a f a c he e he
ffe de a be f d i hich he a
Pi ac ca ied. (People Lol-lo, GR No. 17958, Feb a
I i bbe f cib e de eda i he high 27, 1922)
ea , i h a f a h i a d d e ih
animo f andi a d i he ii a d i e i f M i
i e a h i i . Pi a e a e, i a , ho e I i he a f e i a ce a ei , he
h mani gene i (Pe e L - , GR N . 17958, ai i g f c i a d di ba ce b ad
Feb a 27, 1922) a hi agai he a h i fi c a de .
Animo f randi Pirac and M in , Dis ing ished

La i e ea i g i e i ea PIRACY (RPC) MUTINY
N e: U de P.D. 532, i ac a be c i ed A o place of commi ion
e e b a a e ge e be f he Ei he i Phi i i e a e he high ea
c e e f he e e . A o he pe on of he offende
C i ed b C i ed b e be
P i hable Ac (modes of commi ing a ge he f he ce
Pirac ):
e e a e ge
1. B a acki g ei i g a e el he high
A o In en ion
ea i Phi i i e a e (P.D. 532); a d
I e gai i The ffe de a
2. B ei i g he h e a f he e e
e e ia i e d e i /ig e
ca g , i e i e , he e al
he hi ' ffice ,
bel gi g f i c e e
he a be ed
a e ge , hi e he high ea i
b a de i e c i
Phi i i e a e .
de
Phili i e a e
R le J i dic i
A b die f a e a d a a e be gi g he
1. Pi ac i high ea i dic i fa c
Phi i i e b hi ic ega i e, i c di g he
he e ffe de a e f d a e ed
e i ia ea, he ea-bed, he i a he e ,
2. Pi ac i i e a ae i dic i f
a d he b a i e a ea e hich he
Phi i i e c
Phi i i e ha e eig a d i dic i . (Sec.
2, P.D. No. 532)
Pirac and Robber on High Seas
High ea PIRACY (RPC) ROBBERY ON HIGH
A ae he ea c a hich a e i h he SEAS
b da ie f he ae a a h gh ch Offe de i a Offe de i a e be f
ae a be i he i dic i a i i f a ide he c e e a
f eig g e e ; a f he ea ha a e a e ge f he e e
i c ded i he e c i e ec ic e, i he I b h, he e i i e gai a d he a e
e i ia ea , i he i e a a e f a a e, fc i i g he c i e i he a e.
i he a chi e agic a e f a a chi e agic
a e. (Uni ed Na ion Con en ion on he La of
he Sea)
Page 96 of 354
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PD 532 An i-Pirac and An i-High a C i ed b C i ed b

Robber La of 1974 a ge he e be f he c e
PIRACY (RPC) MUTINY(PD 532) e e a e ge
A o place of commi ion
P i he i ac P i he i ac As o place of commission
c i ed ei he i c i ed i Phi i i e a e Phi i i e a e
Phi i i e a e Phi i i e ae high ea
he high ea
A o he pe on of he offende As o hen pirac becomes q alified
C i ed b C i ed b a Whe i i Whe h ica i ie
a ge he e ( h a be acc a ied b he c i e a e
e e ( - e be f he c e de , h icide, c i ed a a e
a e ge - a e ge ) h ica i ie he cca i
e be f he a e he e f, he
ce ) de , h icide
a e i c i ed b
Ve el ( de PD 532) a e e a e c af ea he
ed f a f a e ge a d ca g f cca i he e f
e ace a he h gh Phi i i e a e
P i hable Ac ( de PD 532) Pi ac a d Te i
1. Pi ac U de Sec i 4 f The A i-Te i Ac f
2. High a bbe / b iga dage 2020 (R.A. 11479) hich e e e ea ed he
3. Aidi g i a e high a bbe / b iga d H a Sec i Ac f 2007 (R.A. 9372), he
abe i g i ac high a ac i hab e a i ac a d i de A .
bbe /b iga dage 122 a e ge e e c ide ed a
edica e c i e - ecific c i e hich c d
Pirac nder RPC and nder PD No. 532, c i e e i a e e a ed i Sec i 3
Dis ing ished f R.A. 9372. H e e , ac f i ac i
PIRACY (RPC) PIRACY (PD 532) a he c i e, f ha a e a i
As o he manner of commission a e i de he b ade
Ma be c i ed b Ma be c i ed b f ai f e i de R.A. 11479.
a ac i g ei i g a a ac i g ei i g a
e e, ei i g he e e b a i g The e f B iga dage i i di c i i a e
h e a f i a a he h e a high a bbe . P.D. 532 i he a
ca g e i e he e f f i ca g , high a bbe b iga dage ac f
he e a e i e e a bbe e e a ed b a i di c i i a e
be gi g f he be gi g f he agai a e e Phi i i e
c e e e e' c e e high a , a d ac f bbe c i ed
a e ge f he a e ge b agai a ede e i ed a ic a ic i .
e e ea f i e ce (R ico Aba People, GR No. 165896, 2008)
agai i i ida i
e f ce
hi g
As o he person of he offenders
Page 97 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
Ar . 123. Q alified Pirac Sec i 1. A bi a De e i a dE l i
Ele e : Ar . 124. Arbi rar De en ion

A. Q a if i g Ci c a ce (Pi ac ): A b ic ffice e ee h , ih
1. Sei e f he e e b B a di g Fi i g ega g d , de ai a e
he a e;
2. Aba d e b iae f ic i ih Ele e :
ea f a i g he e e ; 1. Tha he ffe de i a P b ic ffice
3. C i e a Acc a ied b de , e ee ( h e fficia d ie i c de he
h icide, h ica i ie , a e. a h i a e a a e a d de ai
e );
B. M i : Whe he ec d hi d ci c a ce 2. Tha he De ai a e ;a d
acc a ie he c i e f i e i ed i 3. Tha he de e i i Wi h ega g d
A . 122, i i he a ified. Fi
ci c a ce a a if he c i e f i . De e i
Ac a c fi e e fa e i a e c e
Q alified Pi ac i a ecial c le c i e i a a e de ai i g a d de i i g hi f hi
i hab e b ecl ion pe pe a dea h, ibe (Pe e F e , GR . 116488, Ma 31,
ega d e f he be f ic i . 2001)
N e: The d c i e i he e i g e e ce Legal g d f de e i :
f A . 123 efe b h i ac a d i . 1. C i i faci e; a d
H e e , he ec d a if i g ci c a ce 2. Vi e i a i he ai e e ii g
ecifica e i i a e , he eb e c di g c c fi e e f he a ie i a
i ee . h ia
E e f c i i f M de , Ra e, N e: Thi i i e c i e g a he
H icide, I j ie g d i c ide ed ega (e.g. i c e f
The de / a e/h icide/ h ica i ie c , de a a i e, a f eig e be
ha e bee c i ed on he pa enge o on de ed)
he complemen of he e el
Offe de i a blic ffice e l ee
Acc lice The b ic ffice iab e f a bi a de e i
A e h aid ec iae abe be e ed i h a h i de ai de
he c i i f i ac ha be c ide ed a he de e i f e acc ed f a c i e.
a acc ice. S ch b ic ffice a e he ice e a d he
age f he a , he dge a a d
e d f ic ba a ga ca ai . (Milo . Salanga, GR No. L-
37007, J l 20, 1987)
B. CRIMES AGAINST THE FUNDAMENTAL
LAWS OF THE STATE
De e i b a h i ed blic ffice
Cha e 1: A bi a De e i E l i , P b ic ffice h ae e ed i h a h i
Vi la i f D elli g, P hibi i , I e i de ai de he de e i f e
a d Di l i f Peacef l Mee i g a d acc ed f a c i e e ceed hei a h i a
C i e agai Religi W hi be iab e f i ega de e i beca e he a e
ac i g i hei i a e ca aci .
Page 98 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
P i a e i di id al ffe de 2. If he de e i ha c i ed e ha 3
If he ffe de i a i a e i di id a , he ac f da , b e ha 15 da ;
de ai i g a he i Illegal De e i . (A . 267 3. If he de e i ha c i ed e ha 15
A . 268) da b e ha 6 h ;
4. If he de e i ha e ceeded 6 h .
P i a e i di id al ffe de h c ie
ih blic ffice A g ea e e a i i ed if he e i d f
H e e, i ae i di id a h con pi e a f de e i i ge . (RPC, A . 124, No .
i h b ic ffice ca be liable a p incipal i 1-4)
he c i e f A bi a De e i .
Le g h f de e i f i be c ide ed
De e i h gh I de ce a bi a de e i )
A bi a de e i ca be c i ed h gh The a d e fi a i i ei d f
i de ce. [People . Mi a, G.R. No. 93485, de e i . Offe de ha e bee c ic ed f
J ne 27, 1994. He e, a chief f ice ea e ed a bi a de e i e e he he ffe ded a
a a h had bee e ea ed b a e ba a de ained fo onl an ho (US . Ag a an e,
de f he ice f eace. The ffice ac ed G.R. N . L-3947, Ja a 28, 1908) e e e
ih a ice, b h d ha e e ified he de ha ha f a h (US . B aga a, G.R. N . L-
f e ea e bef e ceedi g a e he e- 3971, Feb a 3, 1908).
a e . The ffice a c ic ed f a bi a
de e i h gh i ei de ce.] Arbi rar De en ion and Kidnapping and
Illegal De en ion, Dis ing ished
U al ca e f A bi a De e i ARBITRARY KIDNAPPING AND
A e ih a a i he a ca e f DETENTION ILLEGAL
a bi a de e i , e i i a a id a a e DETENTION
a e ( nde Sec. 5, R le 113, Re i ed R le of A b ic ffice h A b ic ffice h ha
C iminal P oced e). ha a d de he NO ega d de ai
a de ai a e a e a d de ai a
D e i ha e be h ical de e i f i b de ai a e e a be
be c ide ed A bi a De e i ? ih ega g d ec ed f i ega
N . P ch gica e ai i a he f f de e i
de e i . (A o ga . People, G.R. No 154130,
Oc obe 1, 2003). Arbi rar De en ion and Unla f l Arres ,
Dis ing ished
Effec he e a e ed i ac i ed ARBITRARY UNLAWFUL  
U de he c di i e f h i Sec i 5, R e DETENTION ARREST
113, a ic a a ag a h (b) he e f, e e if he
A o he cla ifica ion
a e ed e ae ae f d be i ce
C i e agai he C i e agai ibe
a d a e ac i ed, he a e i g ffice a e i
f da e a a f he
iab e. B if he d ic c ih
Sae
he aid c di i , he a e i g ffice ca be
he d iab e f he c i e f a bi a de e i , f A o offende
da age a d/ f he ad i i a i e P b ic ffice A e
a ci . (Umil Ramo , GR No. 81567, A o p po e of offende
Oc obe 3, 1991) N i e i bi g P e fa e i
he ffe ded a b i g he ffe ded
Pe i d f de e i e ali ed e a h i b e a h i ie a d
1. If he de e i ha e ceeded h ee da ; ee de ai hi fi e a cha ge agai
hi
Page 99 of 354
ATENEO CENTRAL
A o he manne of commi ion Ci c a ce c ide ed i de e i i g

A h gh a h i ed, Pi ae e :a e he liabili f he ffice - ffe de :
de ai a e a e ih 1. Mea fc ica i ;
ih ega g d ea ab e g d 2. H fa e ;a d
he ef , a d he 3. O he ci c a ce ch a he i e f
e i de i e e de a d he a e ia ibi i f he
he e a e ed fi ca a e he i e iga i a d i e fi e
he e a h i ie . he ece a i f a i . (Sa o . Chief of
P b ic ffice : Police of Manila, G.R. No. L-2128, Ma 12,
a h i ed a e 1948)
a d de ai a e b
d e , he did Righ f de ai ee:
ac i hi fficia 1. Be i f ed f he ca e f hi de e i ;
ca aci a d
2. Be a ed, e e , c ica e
Ar . 125. Dela in he Deli er of De ained a d c fe a a i e i h hi a e
Persons o he Proper J dicial A hori ies c e
A b ic ffice e ee h ha de ai
a e f e ega g d a d ha fai C i e he ffe de i i a e i di id al
de i e he a e he e dicia If he ffe de i a i a e e , he c i e i
a h i ie i hi he e i d ided b a Illegal De e i .
The e be legal g d a e
A . 125 c e ae a a e ih a a
Ele e :
1. Tha he ffe de i a P b ic Office b i e f ome legal g o nd (a alid
E ee; a an le a e )
2. Tha he ha De ai ed a e f e
Whe a e ade b i e f a a
Lega G d; a d
If a e i ade b i e f a a e a a ,
3. Tha he FAILS de i e ch e he
e dicia a h i i hi : e a be de ai ed indefini el i:
a. 12 h , if de ai ed f ci e 1. Hi ca e i decided,
2. He bai .
i hab e b igh e a ie , hei
e i ae ;
Dela i fili g ece a i f ai
b. 18 h , if de ai ed f ci e
i hab e b c ec i a e a ie , The fe c i i he de a i fi i g, i c ,
hei e i a e ; he ece a i f ai cha gi g he e
de ai ed.
c. 36 h , if de ai ed f c i e / ffe e
I d e c e a e ac a h ica de i e .
i hab e b ca i a i h e
aff ic i e e a ie , hei e i a e
S ecial Ca e: A i-Te i Ac f 2020
C ai f ei d
U de he A i-Te i Ac f 2020, if e
The a ic e i c de S da , h ida a d
a e c d fi ec ed f c i i ga
e ec i da i he c ai f he e i d
f he ac defi ed a d e a i ed de Sec i
e c ibed i hi hich b ic ffice h d
de i e a e ed e he e dicia 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, a d 12 f hi Ac , he d
a h i ie , a he a d e e ce ch da a h i ed a e f ce e age iia
e e ha , i h i c i g a ci i a
i he c a i . (So ia De ie o, GR No.
iabi i f de a i he de i e f de ai ed
153524, Jan a 31, 2005)
e he e dicia a h i ie , de i e
aid ec ed e he e dicia
Page 100 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
a h i i hi a e i d f f ee (14) ca e da DELAY IN ARBITRARY

da c ed f he e he aid DELIVERY OF DETENTION
ec ed e ha bee a ehe ded DETAINED
a e ed, de ai ed, a d a i g i c d b he De e i i ega i De e i i i ega f
a e f ce e age iia e e . The he begi i g; he begi i g
e i d f de e i a be e e ded a i ega i a f
a i e i d f e (10) ca e da da if i i he e i a i f he
e ab i hed ha (1) f he de e i f he ecified ei d
e / i ece a e e e e ide ce ih he e
e a ed e i c e e he i e iga i ; de ai ed ha i g
(2) f he de e i f he e / i ece a bee de i e ed
e e he c i i f a he e i ; he e dicia
a d (3) he i e iga i i bei g c d c ed a h i
e a d ih de a (RA No. 11479,
Sec.29). The 3-da e i d de Sec. 18 f he Wh a e e j dicial a h i ie ?
H a Sec i Ac ha bee e ea ed. The a e he c f ice dge f aid
c , e ed i h dicia e de he
I he illegali f de e i c ed b he e a de e i c fi e e fa e
dela ed fili g f he i f ai i c ? cha ged i h ha i gc i ed a b ic ffe e.
N . The fi i g f he i f ai i c be d (Agba Dep Omb bd man, GR No. 134503,
he ecified e i d d e c e he i ega i J l 2, 1999)
f de e i . He ce, he de ai i g ffice i i
iab e de A . 125. Nei he d e i , h e e , Rea f A icle 125
affec he ega i f he c i ed c fi e e f I i i e ded e e a ab e e i gf
he de ai ed e de ce i ed b c fi i g a e ih i f i g hi f hi
he c . ffe e a d i h e i i g hi g bai .
(La el Mi a, GR No. L-409, Jan a 30, 1947)
P ac ice f a e i g ffice a ki g f he
e ec i f ai e Ar . 126. Dela ing Release
T e e c i i g hi fe , ffice a A b ic ffice e ee h de a f he
a h e de ai ed e ec e a ai e f he e i d f i e ecified he e f a ce f a
igh ided he de A . 125, hich h d dicia e ec i e de f he e ea e f a
be de a h a d i h a i a ce f c e. i e de e i i e, d de a
S ch ai e i i a i e f he c i i a he e ice f he ice f ch de , he
igh f he acc ed. ceedi g a eii f he ibe a i
f ch e
Wai e f A icle 125
The igh ided a de ai ed e de
P i hable Ac :
A ic e 125 a be ai ed b hi if he a f a 1. B de a i g he e f a ce f a dicia
e i i a i e iga i . e ec i e de f he e ea e f a i e;
2. B d de a i g he e ice f he ice
Le g h f ai e
f ch de aid i e;a d
E e he a ai e i ig ed, a de ai ee ca
3. B d de a i g he ceedi g a
be he d i defi i e . U ig i g f he ai e , a eii f he ibe a i f ch e .
e i i a i e iga i be c d c ed a d (Re e , Book T o, p. 62)
e i a ed i hi 15 da . (Le i e . Alameda,
G.R. No.182677, A g 3, 2010)
Dela in Deli er and Arbi rar De en ion,
Dis ing ished
Page 101 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
Ele e : Agai h he c i e a be c i ed
1. Tha he ffe de i a P blic Office Lega e i a be c i ed agai
E l ee; a a ie g d ided b a a d i h
2. Tha he e i a J dicial O E ec i e de b e a ce f d e ce i de ai
f he RELEASE f a i e de e i ceedi g ; he ce, c i i a e i a be
i e, ha he e i a ceedi g a c i ed a agai a ie . The ec d
e i i f he ibe a i f ch e ; i hab e ac a be c i ed agai a ie
3. Tha he ffe de ih g d ea Fi i i ci i e . (1 AMURAO, Book T o)
de a :
a. he Se ice f he ice f ch de C i e ab b g a e c e ci
he i e, Ci e f e i ab b g a e coe cion. If
b. he Pe f a ce f ch dicia d e b a i ae e , ac i a
e ec i e de f he e ea e f he G a e C e ci .
i e,
c. he P ceedi g a eii f he Ca a e be c elled cha ge hi
e ea e f ch e . e ide ce?
Ye . H e e , ac , b a fi a dg e ,
N e: Wa de a d ai e a e he e ca de a e cha ge hi e ide ce, hi e
i e i a e hi i i . he Chief E ec i e ha he e de
de i ab e a ie .
R.A. N . 9745 (A i-T e Ac )
P i hab e Ac : If a Fi i i , af e a i ea i g he c ,
1. Ph ica T e i i ega ef ed e-e , he i c ide ed a
2. Me a P ch gica T e ic i f bei g f ced cha ge hi add e .
No e: Fo a de ailed di c ion, plea e efe o Sec i 2. Vi la i fD icile

he ela ed SPL i hin hi e ie e .
Ar . 128. Viola ion of Domicile
Ar . 127. E p lsion A b ic ffice e ee h , bei g
A b ic ffice e ee h , bei g a h i ed b dicia de , ha e e a
a h i ed b a , ha e e a e f d e i g agai he i f he e a d
he Phi i i e ha c e ch e ea ch a e he effec f d he ei
cha ge hi e ide ce ih he c e f he e, ha i g
e ii e e ed he d e i g, a d bei g
P i hable Ac : e i ed ea e he e i e , ef e d
1. E e i g a e f he Phi i i e ;
2. C e i g a e cha ge hi P i hable Ac :
e ide ce. 1. B e e i g a d e i g agai he i f
he e he e f;
Ele e : (PEN) 2. B ea chi g a e he effec f d
1. The ffe de i a P b ic Office E ee; he ei ih he e i c e f ch
2. He E e a e f he Phi i i e , e;a d
C e a Pe o change hi 3. B ef i g ea e he e i e , af e
e idence; a d ha i g e ii e e ed aid d e i g
3. The ffe de i NOT a h i ed b a d a d af e ha i g bee e i ed ea e he
. a e
Page 102 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
Ele e : Whe ffe de , i he fi de, i a i a e

1. Tha he ffe de i a P b ic Office i di id al
E ee; If he ffe de h e e he d e i g agai he
2. Tha he i N a h i ed b dicia de i f he e i a i a e i di id a , he c i e
e e he d elli g a d/ ake a ea ch c i ed i T e a D elli g.
he ei f a e he effec ; a d
3. Tha he C i a f he f i g ac : P blic ffice ea chi g, ih a a ,
a. E e i g a d e i g agai he i f ide f d elli g
he e he e f; Whe a b ic ffice ea ched a e ide
b. Sea chi g a e he effec f d hi d e i g ih a ea ch a a a d ch
he ei ih he e i c e f e i ega a e ed f a ffe e, he
ch e; ci ec i ed b he b ic ffice i ei he :
c. Ref i g ea e he e i e , af e 1. G a e C e ci if i e ce i i ida i i
ha i g e ii e e ed aid ed (A . 286),
d e i g a d af e ha i g bee e i ed 2. U j Ve a i if he e i i e ce
ea e he a e. i i ida i (A . 287).
S e ii l d e h gh f a d ec e Sile ce f e d i g ea ch
ea acc i h a b ec ( ea h). Si e ce f he e f he d e i g bef e a d
d i g he ea ch, i h ea ch a a , b a
S ecial agg a a i g ( alif i g) b ic ffice , a h i ied ai e . (Re e ,
ci c a ce : Book T o, p. 66) H e e , if ch i e ce/ -
1. Nigh i e; b ec i i a f ci f he ea che bei g
2. Pa e effec c i i g e ide ce a ed a d i g h ea a d i i ida i , he e i
faci eae e ed i edia e . i ied ai e . (Roja Spo e Ma illano,
GR No. 141176, Ma 27, 2004)
Sea ch a a
The dicia de efe ed i a ea ch a a . Whe c ide ed a ea ch
Sea ch be he e a i a i f a e
D elli g b d e he a ea ha a e
I i he ace f ab de he e he ffe ded a d ea ab e ec c ide a i a e,
e ide a d hich a i fie he e i e e f hi c d c ed b a a e f ce e ffice f he
d e ic ife. (Padilla, Amb o io, The Re i ed e f fi di g e ide ce f a c i e. Th , he
Penal Code, Book 1) e e fac f i g a ca ic be
c ide ed a he ea ch f a e a d he
Agai he ill f e effec . (El P eblo de Filipina . Ella, GR No.
T c i ea i ai f d ici e, he e a ce 8716- . Feb a 26, 1953)
b he b ic ffice e ee be agai
he i f he e f he d e i g, hich Ref al lea e
e e ii hibi i b he U de he 3 d de, e e if he e a ce i
e , he he e e i ied, a d ih he c e f i e , he c i e i
e e he ab e ce f c e . c i ed he he e i a ef a ea e he
e i e he e i ed d .
Lack f c e
Lac f c e d ffice a he a Whe c e ed e i i la i f
e i e ha he ffe de e be e he d icile
e b ec i . (REGALADO) Whe a ice a , h g a g , f cib
e e ed he h e f a he a d a ac ed he
a e , he ice a i iab e f i ai f
Page 103 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
d ici e beca e he a ac i g i a fficia di ec ed a eace ffice , c a di g hi

ca aci . He i iab e i ead f h ica i ie ea ch f e a e de c ibed he ei
i h he agg a a i g ci c a ce f d e i g. a d b i g i bef e he c
N a h i ed b j dicial de Whe ea ch a a c ed i h j
A b ic ffice e ee i a h i ed b ca e
dicia de he he i a ed i h a ea ch A ea ch a a i aid ha e bee c ed
a a d i ed b he C . If he ffe de ih ca e he i a ea , he face f
i a i a e i di id a if he b ic ffice i e he affida i fi ed i f he a ica i
h ef ci d i c de he d effec he ef , h gh he e ide ce, ha he
ea ch a d ei e, he c i e c i ed i a ica had e e ea be ie e ha he
e a d e i g. (BOADO, RPC and SPL) ea ch a a gh f a ified.
(Re e , Book T o, p.70).
Ar . 129. Search Warran s Malicio sl
Ob ained and Ab se in he Ser ice of Those Te f lack f j ca e
Legall Ob ained Whe he he affida i fi ed i f he
A b ic ffice e ee h ha c e a ica i f ea ch a a ha bee d a i
a ea ch a a ih ca e, ha i g ch a a e ha e c d be cha ged
ega c ed he a e, ha e ceed hi he e a d affia ca be he d iab e f
a h i e ece a e ei i da age . (Al a e . CFI, GR No. 45358,
e ec i g he a e Jan a 29, 1937)
P i hable Ac : Effec he a a ec ed h gh fal e

1. P c i g a ea ch a a ih affida i
ca e The c i e i hed b he a ic e ca be
2. E ceedi g a h i b i g ece a c e ed b i be a e a a e c i e f
e e i i e ec i g a ea ch a a ega e . (REGALADO)
c ed.
Re i i e f alid ea ch a a
Ele e : 1. I be i ed P bab e Ca e
1. P c e ea ch a a ih ca e 2. P bab e ca e be de e i ed b he
a. Tha he ffe de i a P b ic Office dge hi e f a d b he a ica a
E ee; he e ;
b. Tha he c e a Sea ch a a ; a d 3. I he de e i a i f bab e ca e, he
c. Tha he e i N ca e f he dge e a i e, de ah
c e e affi a i , he c ai a a d ch
2. E ceed A h i i E ec i i e e a he a e a d ce;
a. Tha he ffe de i a P b ic Office 4. I h d be i ed i c ec i ih e
e ee; ecific ffe e;
b. Tha he ha Lega c ed a ea ch 5. The a a i ed a ic a de c ibe
a a ;a d he ace be ea ched a d e
c. Tha he E ceed hi a h i e hi g be ei ed
ece a e e i i e ec i g he
a e Effec he he J dge h i ed he ea ch
a a i c ic ed f a ad i i a i e
Sea ch Wa a cha ge
A de i ii g i ed i he a e f he Whi e he i ii f ad i i a i e e a ie
Pe e f he Phi i i e , ig ed b a dge a d eae di e he J dge f hi a h i ac
a Vice E ec i e J dge, he ab ac i f ch
Page 104 of 354

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a h i d ,b i ef e i he i a idi Crimes in ol ing searches of domicile,

f he ea ch a a , c ide i g ha aid Dis ing ished
J dge a be c ide ed ha e ade he SEAERCHING SEARCH
VIOLATION
i a ce a a de fac o ffice . (Re i ed SPO4 DOMICILE WARRANT
OF
Bien enido La d People, GR No. 199032, WITHOUT MALICIOUSLY
DOMICILE
WITNESSES OBTAINED (ART.
No embe 19, 2014) (ART. 128)
(ART. 130) 129)
Sea ch a d ei e ih a a a The e i a
i cide a la f l a e a id
A e a f a e ed a be ea ched, b ai ed
The e i a
ih a ea ch a a , f da ge ea a a b i The e i
a a b ch
a hi g hich a be ed a f f he i e e a-
a a ici
c i i f a ffe e. (Sec. 12, R le 126, i ( he a a .
b ai ed.
Re i ed R le of C iminal P oced e) ea ch
ce ) a
Ar . 130. Searching Domicile Wi ho ab ed.
Wi nesses
A b ic ffice e ee h , i ca e Sec i 3. P hibi i , I e i a d
he e a ea ch i e , ha ea ch he Di l i f Peacef l Mee i g
d ici e, a e be gi g f a e ,
i he ab e ce f he a e , a e be f hi Ar . 131. Prohibi ion, In err p ion and
fa i , i hei defa , i h he e e ce Dissol ion of Peacef l Mee ings
f i e e e idi g i he a e ca i A b ic ffice e ee h , i h
ega g d, ha hibi , di e i e
Ele e : he h di g f a eacef ee i g; ha hi de
1. Tha he ffe de i a blic ffice a e f i i ga a f a cia i
e ee; f a e di g i ee i g ; ha hibi
2. Tha he i a ed i h a ea ch a a hi de a e f add e i g, ei he
ega c ed a e ge he i h he , a eii he
3. Tha he ea che he d icile, a e a h i ie f he c ec i f ab e
he be gi g f a e ;a d ed e f g ie a ce .
4. Tha he e a e be f hi fa i ,
i e e e idi g i he a e ca i P i hable Ac :
i /a e e e 1. P hibi i g, i e i g, di i g,
ih ega g d, he h di g f a
O de f h e h i e he ea ch: eacef ee i g;
1. H e e; 2. Hi de i g a e f i i ga a f
2. Me be f he fa i f fficie age a d a cia i f a e di g a f i
di c e i ; ee i g ;
3. Re ib e e be f he c i . 3. P hibi i g hi de i g a e f
add e i g, ei he a e ge he ih
Wh ea ch i e e ce f i e e he , a eii he a h i ie f he
a da c ec i f ab e ed e f g ie a ce
Sea ch i he e e ce f i e e ecified b
he a i a da e e eg a i i he Ele e :
e ec i f he ea ch a a . (People 1. Offe de i a P b ic Office E ee;
Ge m ndo. GR No. 89373, Ma ch 9, 1993) 2. He e f a f he f i g ac :
a. P hibi i g i e i g, i h ega
g d he h di g f a peacef l mee ing,
Page 105 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
di i g he a e (e.g. de ia f Ar . 132. In err p ion of Religio s Worship

e i i a bi a a e ); A b ic ffice e ee h ha
b. Hi de i g a e f joining a e e di b he ce e ie
a f a cia i f a ending a a ife a i fa e igi
fi ee i g ;
c. P hibi i g hi de i g a e f Ele e :
add e ing, ei he a e ge he i h 1. Tha he ffice i a P b ic ffice
he , a eii he a h i ie f e ee;
he c ec i f ab e ed e f 2. Tha Re igi ce e ie a ife a i
g ie a ce fa e igi a e ab a e ace ae
g i g ;a d
Te f de e i i g if he e i a i la i f 3. Tha he Offe de e e di b he
A . 131 ( ee e A . 142): a e.
1. Da ge e de c e; a d
2. C ea a d e e da ge e. Q alif i g ci c a ce:
Wi h i e ce h ea .
P i a e i di id al ffe de
If he ffe de i a i a e i di id a , he c i e i Readi g f bible
Di ba ce f P blic O de (A . 153). Readi g f Bib e a d he a ac i g ce ai
ch che i a b ic a a i a ce e
Offe de be a a ici a i he a ife a i f e igi b a ee i g f a
ee i g e igi ec ; he ce, A . 131 a i a ed.
Offe de be a a ge , a a ici a , i
he eacef ee i g; he i e, he ffe e i W hi i cl de eligi ie
U Ve a i . Re igi hi i c de ef a ce f
e igi ie f a e igi ce e a
Mee i g be eacef l a ife a i f e igi . E a e : Ma ,
Mee i g be eacef a d he e be ba i , a iage
ega g d f hibi i g, di i g
i e i g ha ee i g. X, a i a e e , ched a ie hile he
ie a gi i g a h il a d alig i g a
I e i g ee i g f ici al c cil ela i e f X. I X liable?
I e i g a d di i g a ee i g f he X a be iab e de A . 133 (Offe di g e igi
ici a c ci b a b ic ffice i a c i e fee i g ) beca e X i a i a e e .
agai he egi a i e b d (A . 143) a d i
i hab e de hi a ic e. N e: The e ac a be a e igi
ce e bei g c d c ed ha cca i ,
Mee i g c l i h di a ce ei he b i e f i c ci ih e he
Th e h di g eacef ee i g c ac i i f he e igi de i a i . If he
i h ca di a ce . ffe e a c i ed i a ee i g a
f a ec , i d be i hab e de A .131.
Sec i 4. Ci e Agai Religi (People Re e , GR No. 13633, J l 27, 1955)
W hi
Ar . 133. Offending he Religio s Feelings
A e h , i a ace de ed e igi
hi d i g he ce eb a i f a
e igi ce e , ha ef ac
Page 106 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
i ffe i e he fee i g f he Delibe a e i e h feeli g

fai hf The e be de ibe a e i e h he
fee i g f he fai hf . Me e a ga ce
Ele e : de e i e gh.
1. Ac c ai ed f e e e f ed
2. i a P ace De ed e igi hi , e d f ic
3. d i g he Ce eb a i f a e igi
ce e ; C. CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC ORDER
4. Ac be N i Offe i e he
Cha e 1: Rebelli ,C D e a , Sedi i
fee i g f he fai hf
Ar . 134. Rebellion and Ins rrec ion

Pe liable
The ffe de ca be a e . The c i e f ebe i i ec i i
c i ed b i i g b ic a d a i g a
Offe e feeli g agai he G e e f he e f
Offe e e igi fee i g i dged f he e i g, f he a egia ce aid
c ai a i f ie . G e e i a , he e i f he
Re b ic f he Phi i i e a a
Na e f lace he e f, a b d f a d, a a he
The h a e i a ace de ed e igi a ed f ce , de i i g he Chief
hi d e ece a i e i e ha a E ec i e he Legi a e, h
e igi ce e i g i g . The h a e a ia , f a f hei e
d i g he ce eb a i i e a a ed b he d e ga i e .
f he ha e ace de ed e igi
hi hich i dica e ha he e igi Ele e :
ce e eed be ce eb a ed i a ace f 1. P b ic U i i g a d Ta i g A agai he
hi . g e e ;
2. P e:
a. T Re e f he A egia ce
Religi ce e
G e e a :
Re igi ac ef ed ide f a ch ch,
Te i f Phi i i e (i h e
ch a ce i a d ecia a e f
i a );
b i g dead e , a e c e ed. E a e f
B d f a d, a / a a / he
e igi ce e ie , (ac ef ed ide he
f ce ;
ch ch): ce i a d ecia a e f
b. T De i e Chief E ec i e C ge
b i g dead e b NOT a e a ie
h a ia f e
e ga i e
Na e f ac i l ffe i e
feeli g
Rebelli
Ac i ffe i e he fee i g f he
I i efe e ed he e he b ec f he
fai hf be di ec ed agai e igi
e e i c ee e h a d
ac ice, d g a i a f he e f
e ede he e i i g g e e . (Re e ,
idic e, ch a c i g c ffi g
Book T o) B i a e, ebe i , i aci e f
a e i g da age a b ec f e igi
he a e i de i i gc d ac i
e eai .
d e i f he a ce f a i ica e d.
I ec i
I i ec e ed i efe e ce a
e e hich ee ee effec e
Page 107 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
cha ge f e a i e i i a ce, A o ime of commi ion

e e he e e ci e f g e e a a h i I i e f eace D i g i e f a
i h e ec a ic a a e b ec . A o he place of commi ion
O i he Ma be c i ed i
Rebellion and Ins rrec ion, Dis ing ished Phi i i e he Phi i i e e i
REBELLION INSURRECTION e e he e
P ei P ei effec a
e h cha ge f i
e ede he i a ce,
e i i g e e he e e ci e
g e e fg e e A o he pe on commi ing
a h i i h e ec A e O b a Fi i i
a ic la a e ci i e a a ie
e idi g i he
P e be h b ece a Phi i i e
be acc li hed A o p oof needed fo con ic ion
The e f he i i g be h .
P ed b h i g Te i f a ea
Wi h e ide ce i dica e he i e
he e f he i e e he
e f he acc ed, he c i e d e i i g be d a e e ac ,
c i e ebe i . (US . Con an ino, GR No. ea ab e d b . c fe i f acc ed
1186, No embe 18, 1903)
i e c
Rebellion and Treason, Dis ing ished

Rebelli i ge e al
REBELLION TREASON
Ci e f a e
A o cla ifica ion A c i e f a e , f he i de; ca be
C i e agai b ic C i e agai ai a c i ed b e e
de ec i I i a c i i g c i e.
A o p po e
T e e, f he The de i e f he Nece i f blic i i g a d aki g f
a egia ce aid Phi i i e a f eig a
G e e i e A b ic i i g a d he a i g fa ae
a , he e i f ece a a e ac c i e ebe i .
he Phi i i e , H e e , a i g a i he c a h f a i
a b d f a d, ece a be c ic ed f ebe i .
a a he a ed
f ce ; Ide if i g elf i h a g
de i e he Chief If he e i c i ac , i g ide if i g e
E ec i e ef ihag ha c i ebe i i e gh
C ge f a f f c ic i he e f, e e if he hi e f did
hei e i e b ic a d a e a .
A o manne of commi ion Whe C a ed

P b ic U i i ga d B e i g a agai C a ed he e e ebe i e a d
B a i g a he G e e a ea agai he g e e . The d
agai he b adhe i g he eed achie e hei ef ebe i be
G e e ,f a e e ie f he c a ed.
f he ecified Phi i i e , gi i g
e i A .134 he aid c f .
Page 108 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
P ef ebelli If he c ci e eed ei a ce
The e f he i i g be h . f he ebe i e, he e c i e a e
ab bed a d he e i iab e f
N ece a ha e be achie ed ebe i .
I i ece a f c ic i ha he e Ab i a a ic
i achie ed. Ab i i a a ic. O e ha h ha
c c i e e ed e a ebe i
Nece i f ac al a ici a i e , e e if e a a e be f a
The e be ACTUAL a ici a i . Me e gi i g ebe i g .
f aid c f i ci i a i he ca e f
ebe i . C i e d ef e al he e
P b ic ffice a e ac i e a beca e e e If he c ci e ae d e f e a
i e ce i i i i hed i ebe i . e , e e hi e he e i i ebe i ,
he e i be he d e a a e iab e.
N - ec g i i fg e e ab e ce f
a h f allegia ce a defe e O e ac a ele e f ebelli
I i a defe e ha he acc ed e e he O ce a e ac (e e if i i a c i e i e f) i
a h f a egia ce, ha he e e ec g i ed ci ed a a ee e f Rebe i i he
he g e e . i f a i , i ca ge be cha ged a a
e a a e c i e.
Ab i f di a c i e ef ed f
a d d i g a ebelli (P li ical Offe e Ar . 134-A. Co p d a
D c i e) The c i e f c d a i a if a ac
1. Pe le . He a de : Rebe i ca be acc a ied b i e ce, i i ida i , h ea ,
c e ed i h di a (c ) ci e a eg ea h, di ec ed agai d
d e a i . (G.R. No . L-6025-26, c i ed a h i ie f he Re b ic f he
1956). Phi i i e , a iia ca
2. Pe le . Ge i : Ci e d e f i a ai ,c ica i e , b ic
i ae e ih i ica i ai i i ie he faci i ie eeded f he
h d be e a a e i hed. (G.R. No. L- e e ci e a d c i ed e i f e,
8936, 1956). i g i a e ca ied a he e
3. E ile . Sala a : He a de i g e ai i he Phi i i e b a e e ,
bi di g d c i e, eai g hibi he be gi g he i i a ice h di g
c e i g f ebe i ih a he a b ic ffice e e , ih
ffe e c i ed he cca i he e f, ih ci i ia a ici a i , f he
ei he a a ea i c i i a a e f ei i g di i i hi g a e e.
i e ded effec f a ac i i ha
c i e ebe i . (G.R. No. 92164, 1990). Ele e :
1. Offe de : e be f he iia , ice
P li ical c i e f ce, a b ic ffice e ee, a d
C i e di ec ai ed agai he i ica de , a ib e ci i ia e
a e a ch c ci e a a be 2. Mea : if a ac acc a ied b
c i ed achie e a i ica e. The i e ce, i i ida i , h ea , a eg ,
deci i e fac i he i e i e. (People ea h;
He nande , GR No. L-6025-26, J l 18, 1956) 3. P ible a ge : d c i ed
a h i ie f he Phi i i e ; a iia
C ci e d e i a ce f ca /i a a i , c ica i e ,
ebelli e b ic i i ie , he faci i ie eeded f
Page 109 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
he e e ci e a d c i ed e i f a a e he e i i g
e;a d g e e .
4. P e: ei e di i i h ae e
A o Manne of Commi ion
C d a i ge e al S if a ac C i ed h gh
1. Ma be e e a ed i h ih ci i ia acc i hed b f ce a d i e ce a
a ici a i ; a d i e ce, i i ida i , ea b i i ida i
2. C d a i ge ecifica i ed a d h ea , a eg h ea , b :
i hed a a edica e c i e f e i ea h. 1. P b ic i i g; a d
(Sec ion 4 of R.A. 11479 e p e l epealing 2. B a i g a
Sec ion 3 of R.A. 9372) b a i be agai he
i hed a e i if he ci c a ce G e e f a
a e i fa i hi he b ade f ai f f he e
e i de R.A. 11479 ecified i A . 134
A o he objec again hich he a ack i
N f a ed age commi ed
The e i f a ed age f c d e a . The Di ec ed agai he Di ec ed agai he
e e a ac di ec ed agai he d -c i ed d c i ed G e e
a h i ie f he PH, a i i a ca a h i ie f he
i a ai , c ica i e , b ic Re b ic f he
i i ie he faci i ie eeded f he e e ci e Phi i i e , a
a d c i ed e i f e, iia ca
c a e he c i e i a ai ,
c ica i
Co p d E a and Rebellion, Dis ing ished e , b ic
COUP D ETAT REBELLION i i ie he
A o cla ifica ion faci i ie eeded f he
B h a e c i e agai b ic de e e ci e a d
A o p po e c i ed e i
T ei e di i i h 1. T e ef he f e
Sae e. a egia ce he
G e e i
a , he e i f
he Phi i i e ,
a b d f a d, A o he pe on commi ing
a a he The i ci a ffe de A e , he he
a ed f ce ; h d be g he b ic ffice
iia ice f ce
2. T de i e he Chief h d a b ic
E ec i e ffice e e ,
C ge fa f b a a ha e
hei e ci i ia e
A o he n mbe of offende
C i i a b ec i e i Ma be c i ed I e a i de f
C i i a b ec i e i e h he i g c ec i e e e.
de abi i e, i bi i e g e e a d f he
ffe de e ab i h
hei .
Page 110 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
Ar . 135. Penal For Co p D a , Rebellion N -a licabili f I de e i a e Se e ce

And Ins rrec ion La
The I de e i a e Se e ce La d e a
Persons Liable; Their Ac s and Penal c d a a d ebe i i ec i . I
PARTICIPANT ACTS e c de f i c e age h e cha ged i h
Rebellion o In ec ion i i i f ea , ebe i , edi i
Leade P e , ai ai , head e i age.
Pa ici a e e ec e he
Pa ici a Ar . 136. Conspirac and Proposal o Commi
c a d f he
Co p d E a Co p D a , Rebellion, or Ins rrec ion
C i e Pe ali ed de A icle 136
Lead , di ec , c a d
1. C i ac c i ebe i ;
Leade he de a e a c
2. P a c i ebe i
d'e a
3. C i ac c i c d a
Pa ici a
4. P a c i c d a
i Pa ici a e e ec e he
g e e c a d f he
C i ac c i ebelli
e ice
Whe (2) e e c e a
Pa ici a
ag ee e i e b ic a d a e a agai
i Aid , abe , fi a ce ,
he G e e f a f he e f
g e e he i e a i c i i
ebe i a d decide c i i . (Re e , Book
e ice
T o, p. 100)
Wh hall be dee ed he leade f he S fficie c f e e e be hi

ebelli , i ec i c d e a i ca e Me e e be hi i a ebe i ga i a i i
he i k ? fficie fi d a acc ed g i fc i ac
A e h i fac : c i ebe i . (People La a, GR No. L-
1. Di ec ed he he ; 4974-78, Ma 16, 1969)
2. S e f he ;
3. Sig ed ecei a d he d c e i ed Me e ac f ag eei g a d decidi g
i hei a e ; Me e ag eei g a d decidi g c i he
4. Pe f ed i i a ac , beha f f he ab e- e i ed ci e agai he
ebe G e e , ih ac a ef i g he
e ac , i a ead i hab e a C i ac
Me be hi i ebel ga i a i c i Rebe i . (People Ge onimo, GR No.
Me be hi i a ebe ga i a i d e L-8936, Oc obe 23, 1956)
a a ica a if a a c i i a ac ab bed i
ebe i . I be c c i e de a ed Ga a e fc i ac
ha c i i a ac eec i ed i f he a ce The e i c i ac he he e e ha e
f ebe i . (People Lo edio o, GR No. 112235, ag eed decided c i he c i e .
No embe 29, 1995) Ac hich ee hel f l ebel
E e if e ac a be c ed a he f
A i a a i ci al ebe , if he e i i e aid he i achie i g
Bei g a e e a i a a i ci a ( eade ) h hei ebe i e , h e h ga e aid a e
i g i f ebe i , he acc ed i g i a iab e a c ia .
a a ici a i he c i i f ebe i de
a . 2, A 135. (People La a, GR No. L-4974- Me e gi i g f eeche
78, Ma 16, 1969) E e if e e ga e eeche e i g he
c i e , if he e i e ide ce ha h e h
Page 111 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
hea d i i a a a , he e h 2. Sh d be i c i ac i h he ebe . If
ga e he eech i iab e de hi a ic e. he e i c i ac , he/ he i be iab e f
ebe i .
I a ce he e aa ac i hable
A .136 ide f i a ce he e aa Rebelli a e- e i i e
ac a e dee ed i hab e b a . 1. The e be a ebe i be e i ed i he
fi ace.
P al c i ebelli 2. Thi a ic e i i a icab e i he ab e ce f
Whe he e h ha decided i e b ic he c i e f ebe i .
a d a ea agai he G e e f a f
he e f ebe i e i e ec i Ar . 138. Inci ing To Rebellion Or Ins rrec ion
e he e / . (Re e , Book T o, p. A e h , ih a i ga bei g
100) i e h i i agai he G e e , ha
i ci e he he e ec i fa f he ac
Ar . 137. Dislo al of P blic Officers or de A .134, b ea f eeche ,
Emplo ees ca ai , i i g , e b e , ba e
A b ic ffice e ee h fai ed he e e e a i e di g he a e e d
e i a ebe i b a he ea i hi /he
e ha c i e di cha ge he Ele e :
d ie f hi /he ffice de he c f he 1. Tha he ffe de d e a e a i
ebe ha acce a i e ffice i e h i i agai he G e e
de he . 2. Tha he i ci e he he e ec i fa
f he ac f ebe i
P i hable Ac : 3. Tha he i ci i g i d e b ea f
1. Fai i g e i ebe i b a ea ; eeche , ca ai , ii g ,e be ,
2. C i i g di cha ge d ie de he e ba e he e e e a i e di g
f ebe ; he a e e d
3. Acce i g a i e de he e f
ebe A licabili
Ele e : 1. Pe e i ci ed ac a c i
1. P b ic ffice e ee ebe i f hi a ic e a .
2. h : 2. If e e i ci ed c i ebe i , hi a ic e
a. fai e i a ebe i b a ea i i a icab e.
hei e; a. Pe e i ci ed d be g i f ebe i
b. ha c i e di cha ge he d ie f a i ci a b di ec a ici a i .
hei ffice de he c f he b. Pe i ci ing d be g i f
ebe ; ebe i a i ci a b i d ce e .
c. acce a i e ffice de he
N e: Pe a f a ac i Pi i C ecci a
i i i i e i d.
Offe de
1. Sh d be a b ic ffice e ee. A
i a e i di id a ca i a e hi a ic e,
e e if he acce a i e de he
ebe g e e .
Page 112 of 354

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Inci ing o Rebellion and Proposal To Commi 3. I b ec i ge e a a i la i f b ic

Rebellion, Dis ing ished eace
INCITING TO PROPOSAL TO 4. I i c i ed ; i ca be
REBELLION COMMIT c i ed b e e a e.
REBELLION a. S e hi g i c ide ed l if i
I i e i ed ha The e h i e a lea f (4) e ih
he ffe de ha e ha eapon o o he mean of iolence.
decided c i decided c i b. M i e e e i h a ea f
ebe i ; a d ebe i ; a d i e ce a a ca c i edi i .
The i ci i g i d e The e h 5. C ci e ae ab bed i
b ic e he edi i .
e ec i f he
ci e e ec e N e: C c e ce f b ic i i g a d
ea e f edi i i e i ed. Whe e i
ab e , i i edi i .
N e: I b h a a d i ci i g, he ffe de
i d ce a he c i ebe i Sedi ion and Treason, Dis ing ished
SEDITION(ART.139) TREASON (ART. 114)
Ar . 139. Sedi ion A o cla ifica ion
Ac f i di id a h i e b ic a d C i e agai he C i e agai ai a
i de a ai b f ce f da e a a f he ec i a d he a f
ecific b ec i e ( hich a e h e f Sae ai
ebe i /i ec i ) A o na e
Sedi i efe a T ea i a a c i e.
Ele e : i e a c f ic . Vi a i b a b ec
1. Offe de i e b ic a d C i f hi a egia ce hi
2. Mea : f ce, i i ida i a d ide di ba ce f he e eig
(e a- ega e h d ) Sae
3. Ob ec i e : A o manne of commi ion
a. P e e ga i /e ec i f a Ca i g b ic a d Li i ed a :
h di g f a e ec i ; 1. Le i g a ; a d
b. P e e g e e ffice he e f di ba ce i e 2. Adhe e ce he
f f ee e e ci i g f c i ; c e e , gi i g he
c. I f ic ac f ha e e e ge b ic aid c f
ffice e ee hi e ; A o p po e
d. C i, f i ica cia e d , a 1. T e e he The e f e i g
ac f ha e e e ge a e ga i a i he he
cia c a ; e ec i f a e e .
e. De i, f a i ica cia e d, a he h di g
a e , he G e e , a f a a
di i i he e f f a e f hei e ec i ;
e 2. T e e he
Na i a
Sedi i i ge e al G e e
1. Sedi i i he ai i g f c i ca g e e ,
di ba ce i he S a e. a b ic ffice
2. I ca be c i ed b b h i ae a d he e f f f ee
b ic e . e e ci i g i hi
Page 113 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
f ci , f a d, a a he
e e he a ed f ce ;
e ec i f a T de i e he Chief
ad i i a i e E ec i e C ge
de ; fa f hei e
3. T i f ic a ac f U e of nlicen ed fi ea m (Sec. 29 of R.A.
ha e e e ge 10591)
he e The e f a e If he e f a
e f a fi ea , he ice ed fi ea i i
b ic ffice i he e i he f he a ce f,
e ee ; c i i f a i cide , i
4. T c i, f a ci e i hab e c ec i ih he
i ica cia de he Re i ed c i e f ebe i f
e d, a ac f ha e Pe a C de he i ec i ,
e e ge agai ecia a , ha a e ed c d ea,
i ae e be c ide ed a a ch i a i ha be
a cia c a ; agg a a i g ab bed a a e e e
a d ci c a ce. f he c i e f ebe i
5. T de i, f a i ec i ,
i ica cia a e ed c d ea.
e d, a e ,
ca g e e P blic i i g a d a bjec f Sedi i
he ai a c c
G e e , he I i i a e ia if he b ec be c ee
US G e e , f a ai ed. Me e b ic i i g f a f he
a i e b ec i e e i ed i A . 139 i i hab e.
a a he e f. H e e , b ic i i g a d a b ec f edi i
c c .
Sedi ion and Rebellion, Dis ing ished
SEDITION REBELLION R le Ab i fC i e
A o he manne of commi ion Ge e al R le: C ci e ae ab bed
A ae I i ece a ha he e i edi i .
ece a . I i be a b ic i i ga d E ce i : The e f a ice ed fi ea i
e gh ha he e i a i g a agai he c ide ed a e a a e c i e, b ha be
a b ic i i g G e e . c ide ed a a agg a a i g ci c a ce,
a d he i i g i a Sec. 29 f R.A. 10591.
.
A o he na e of he p po e Ar . 141. Conspirac o Commi Sedi ion
The e f he The e i a a The e be a ag ee e a d a deci i
ffe de a be i ica . i e b ic a d a ai a
i ica cia . f he b ec f edi i i de c i e
A o he p po e he c i e f c i ac c i edi i .
A f he b ec T e e f
e e a ed i a egia ce he (The e i i de e de fe f a
A .139 G e e i a c i edi i .)
he e i f he
Phi i i e , a b d
Page 114 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
Ar . 142. Inci ing To Sedi ion P nishable Ac s ha he e i be e e ed i a e i

A e h , ih a i g a di ec a e he S a e; a d
i he c i e f edi i , h d c i a f c. P e e i e ee e : bab e
he i hab e ac be b e i e i e i ab e
2. Da ge e de c e
P i hable Ac : a. Te d c ea e a da ge f b ic
1. I ci i g he edi i b ea f i i g;
eeche , ca ai , ii g ,e be , b. Ea i d ce di affec i ; a d
ca , ba e he e e e a i c. P d ce a e f fee i g i c a ib e
e di g he a e e d; i h a di ii e ai a he
2. U e i g edi i d eeche , hich g e e
e d di b he b ic eace;
3. W i i g, b i hi g, ci c a i g c i Sc il
ibe agai G e e a fi d I ea , ga , ea f (Re e , Book
c i ed a h i ie ; T o, p. 113)
4. K i g c cea i g ch e i ac ice
K i gl c ceali g ch e il ac ice
Ele e : I ci i g O he Sedi i I i di a i a ac f he acce af e ha
1. Tha he ffe de Does ake a di ec fac , b de hi i i , he ac i ea ed
a i he c i e f edi i ; a d i hed a ha f he i ci a .
2. Tha he I ci e he he
acc i h e f a f he ac hich Rea h edi i e a ce ae
c i e edi i ; a d hibi ed
3. Tha he i ci i g i d e b ea f If he S a e e e c e ed ai i he
S eeche , P cla a i , W i i g, a ehe ded da ge beca e ce ai , he i
E ble , Ca , Ba e , he igh ec i e f d c e i bei g
e e e ai e di g he a e e d. i a e i h he e h f he
G e e , he he e d be ei he
U e i g a d i i g: he i hable (Ac 2 ec i g ffice c f he
& 3) e f ce e f he a . (Gi lo Ne Yo k, 268
1. Whe he e d di b b c a US 652)
blic ffice i e ec i g he f c i f
hi ffice; Cha e 2: Ci e agai P la
2. Whe he e d i iga e he caba Re e e a i
a d ee ge he f a f e ;
3. Whe he gge i ci e ebe i Sec i 1. C i e agai Legi la i e
c i acie i ; B die a d Si ila B die
4. Whe he lead e d i he e e
agai he a f a h i ie di b he Ar . 143. Ac s Tending To Pre en he Mee ing
eace f he c i , he afe a d de of he Assembl and Similar Bodies
f he g e e A e h b f ce fa d e e he
ee i g f ei he he C g e a i cia
T le ela i e edi i d b ad ici a c ci
1. C ea a d e e da ge e
a. Da ge h d be b h c ea a d Ele e :
i i e ; 1. A P ec ed Ac a Mee i g f C ge
b. Rea ab e g d be ie e ha he a f i c i ee bc i ee ,
da ge a ehe ded i i i e a d c i i a c i i c i ee
Page 115 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
di i i he e f, fa i cia b a d
ci ici a c ci b a d; a d C lai f di ba ce f ceedi g
2. The ffe de , h a be a e , a be filed b a e be f a legi la i e b d
e e ch ee i g b f ce F a d. The c i e i hed de A ic e 144 a be
ec ed de oficio. He ce, i a be
N e: c e ced he i e c ai f a
The Chief f P ice a d Ma h e e he e be f he M ici a B a d he ceedi g
ee i g f he ici a c ci a e iab e de f hich e e di bed i e ed a h gh
A . 143, he he defec f he ee i g i ch e be a a h i ed b he e
a ife a d e i e a i e iga i bef e i a e i f he B a d. (Re e , Book T o,
e i e ce ca be de e i ed. p.119 ci i g People . Lapid C.A. 59 O.G. 4059)
J Ca e Sec i 2. Vi la i f Pa lia e a
1. If he e i ca e f e e i g a ee i g, I i
he e d i g i iab e de hi
a ic e. Ar . 145. Viola ion of Parliamen ar Imm ni
2. J ca e a ea i edia e a d 1. A e h ha e f ce,
be ea ed a d e ae i i ida i , h ea fa d e e a
b a i e iga i . e be f ei he H e f he Legi a e
f a e di g he ee i g he e f, f
Ar . 144. Dis rbance of Proceedings e e i g hi i i , ca i g hi e
A e h di b he ee i g f ei he 2. A b ic ffice e ee h ha ,
he C g e a i cia b a d ci hi e he Legi a e i i e i ,
ici a c ci ; i he e e ce f a i g a e ea ch a e be
ch b die h d beha e i ch a e a he e f, e ce i ca e ch e be ha
i e i ceedi g i ai he c i ed a c i e i hab e de hi
e ec d e i C de b a e a highe ha P i i
Ma
Ele e :
1. A Ac a Mee i g f C g e a fi P i hable Ac :
c i ee , c i i a c i i 1. U i g f ce, i i ida i , h ea , fa d
c i ee di i i he e f, f a e e a e da ce, e e i f i i ,
i cia b a d ci ici a c ci ca i g f e, b a e be f C g e ;
b a d; a d 2. A e i g ea chi g a e be f C g e
2. The ffe de d e a f he f i g ac ; hi e i eg a ecia e i ;
a. Di b a f ch ee i g ; a. U e he e be i cha ged i h a
b. Beha e hi e i he e e ce f a c i e i h a e a highe ha P i i
ch b die i ch a a e a a ;
I e i ceedi g i ai he b. H e e , ha i e i h he 1987
e ec d e i . C i i , he RPC i i h d
N e: be ead a a e a fPi i a
Acc ed a a be i hed f c e b highe
he egi a i e b d .
Ele e :
Whe di ba ce c ea ed b a ici a 1. P e e a e da ce, e e i f i i ,
Di ba ce c ea ed b a pa icipan i he ca i g f e
ee i g a e c e ed b A .144. I c d 2. Mea : f ce, i i ida i , h ea , f a d;
a e ai .
Page 116 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
3. P e: T e e a e be f he Cha e 3: Illegal A e blie a d

Na i a A e b f ; A cia i
a. A e di g a ee i g;
b. E e i g i i ; Ar . 146. Illegal Assemblies
c. Ca i g e. A ee i g a e ded b a ed e f he
4. A e i g ea chi g a e be f C g e e f c i i g a f he c i e
hi e i eg a ecia e i i hab e de hi C de, a ee i g i
a. Offe de : P b ic ffice e ee; hich he a die ce i i ci ed he c i i
b. A e ea che a e be f f he c i e f ea , ebe i i ec i ,
C ge ; edi i , a a a e i a h i
c. D i g eg a ecia e i ; a d hi age
d. Me be ea ched/a e ed ha
c i ed a c i e i hab e b i i T ki d f Mee i g
a highe . 1. Mee i g a e ded b a ed e f he
N e : Ac a e e i ece a e f c i i g a f he ci e
1. I i ece a ha a e be f i hab e de he RPC
C ge i ac a e e ed f Ele e :
a e di g, e e i g hi i i , i g a. The e i a Mee i g;
2. I i fficie ha ffe de had he e b. The ee i g i a e ded b A ed
a d ef ed e ac a d achie i g e ;a d
ch e c. The P e f he ee i g i c i
a f he c i e i hab e de he
Pa lia e a I i RPC
1. P ec f ci i a d c i i a iabi i
2. D e ec a e be f C g e f 2. Mee i g i hich he a die ce, he he
e ibi i bef e he egi a i e b d i e f a ed , i i ci ed he c i i f
he e e ha e be c d c i he c i e f ea , ebe i
c ide ed i a ia e bec i g i ec i , edi i a a a
3. O he e be a , b ai , e i a h i hi age
e d, i i , e e
Ele e :
he i e e i g e be fC ge
a. The e i a Mee i g;
b. The A die ce a a N be a ed;
N e:
a d
A ic e VI f he 1987 C i i a e ha ; A
c. The P e f he ee i g i i ci e
Se a Me be f he H e ha i a
he a die ce c i he c i e f
ffe e i hab e b e ha 6 ea
ea , ebe i i ec i , edi i
i i e , be i i eged f a e hi e
di ec a a .
C ge i i e i hi e A .145 f he RPC
a e e a highe ha i i a . T be
Pe i he a e ca ie
c i e i h he C i i , he C i i
lice ed fi ea he a e bl
h d e ai e A .145, a d he C i i
1. P e f he ee i g i c i ac i e
a 6 ea , i i a .
de he RPC i fa a he i c ce ed;
a d
2. P e i a eade ga i e f he
ee i g.
Pe liable f illegal a e bl
1. O ga i e eade f he ee i g; a d
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ATENEO CENTRAL
2. Pe ee e e a he ee i g Ki d f Illegal A cia i :
[e ce he e e ce i ee f 1. Th e a a ia ga i ed f he
c i i iab e i ce he d ha e e fc i i g a fe ;a d
he i e i ega a e b e (Re e , Book 2. Th e a a ia ga i ed f
T o, p. 125)] e c a b ic a
Mee i g Pe liable:
The d ' ee i g' i c de a ga he i g g , 1. F de a d P e ide ;a d
he he i a fi ed ace i g. 2. Me be
N e: N a he e e e a he ee i g P blic M al
f he fi f f i ega a e b be Refe a e hich affec he i e e f
a ed, i i fficie ha a ea e ae cie a d b ic c e ie ce a d i i i ed
a ed. If e f he e e e i he g dc .
ee i g a e a ed, he e i c i e f i ega
a e b . Illegal Associa ions and Illegal Assembl ,
Dis ing ished
Forms of Illegal Assembl Compared ILLEGAL ILLEGAL ASSEMBLY
FIRST KIND SECOND KIND ASSOCIATION
A o he pe on a ending N ece a ha Ac a ee i g
The e The e a e di g he e be a ac a a e b ece a
a e di g a e a ed a be a ed ee i g
e I i he ac f f i g I i he ga i i g f
A o he p po e ga i i g f, a d he ee i g a d
T c i a T c i he c i e f e be hi i , he i e i a a e da ce
ci e i hab e ea , ebe i a cia i ha a e a ch ee i g ha
de he RPC i ec i , edi i i hed ae i hed
a a a e Pe iab e: Pe iab e:
i a h i hi f de , di ec , ga i e eade ,
age e ide , a d a d e
e be i e i a e e a
Effec he A die ce i ci ed he ee i g
If he a die ce i i ci ed c i ebe i E e a cia i g Mee i g a e he d i
edi i , he c i e c i ed a e i ega c i ac c a c ec i ihci e
a e b a ega d he ga i e eade b ic a ae i hab e b he RPC
a d e ee e e (b ih i e i c ded; h a
i ega a e b e) a d i ci i g ebe i i c de ci e
edi i i fa a he e i ci i g he i i hab e b ecia
c ce ed. a
Ar . 147. Illegal Associa ions

A cia i a a ia ga i ed f
he e f c i i g a f he c i e
i hab e de hi C de f e
ec a b ic a
Page 118 of 354

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Cha e 4: A a l U , a d Re i a ce a d i. i e gaged i he ac al pe fo mance of

Di bedie ce , Pe i A h i a d official d ie ( i e i
Thei Age e e ia );
ii. i a a ed b ea on of he pa
Ar . 148. Direc Assa l pe fo mance f fficia d ie (mo i e
A e e h , ih a b ic i e en ial);
i i g, ha e f ce i i ida i f d. The ffe de k ha he e he i
he a ai e f a f he e a a i g i a e i a h i hi
e e a ed i defi i g he c i e f ebe i age a d i e d ffe d, i e
a d edi i , ha a ac , e f ce, a a ;a d
ei i i ida e e i a e i e. N P b ic U i i g.
a h i a f hi age , hi e e gaged i
he e f a ce f fficia d ie , N e :
cca i f ch e f a ce 1. The ffe ded a i ei he a e i
a h i f a age fa e i a h i .
T f f Di ec A a l 2. Whe he ffe ded a i ge a
1. Wi h b ic i i g, b e l i g f ce e i a h i (e.g. e i ed dge), he
i i ida i f a ai e fa f he ffe de ca be he d iab e f di ec
e e e a ed i defi i g he c i e a a e e if he a ac i b ea f he
f ebe i a d edi i (1 F ); f e a ef a ce f fficia d ie .
Ele e : (FI -Ai -N PU) (3) Req ired Degree of Force, In imida ion, or
a. Offe de e F ce IN i ida i ; Resis ance for Liabili o A ach Under This
b. AIM f ffe de i a ai a f he Ar icle
e f he c i e f ebe i edi i ; T FORCE INTIMIDATION/
a d EMPLOYED RESISTANCE
c. The e i NO P b ic U i i g. Pe i Need be Se i
A h i ei
N e: M be f
Offe ded a he e a be a i ae e Age ei Se i
cha ac e
2. Wi h b ic i i g, b a acki g, b
e l i g f ce (agai ), b ei l Ge e al R le: Di ec a a l i al a
i i ida i g b ei l e i i g, a comple ed i h he ma erial conseq ence f
e i a h i a f hi age , hi e he ac (E . Di ec A a i h M de ).
e gaged i he e f a ce f fficia d ie ,
he cca i f ch e f a ce (2 d E ce i : If e i g i ligh h ical
f ) i j ie , he c e e c i e i absorbed.
Ele e : (5) N e :
a. Offe de (a) a e a A ac , (b) e 1. Re i a ce he e i a h i hi
F ce, (c) a e a Se i I i ida i , age be ac i e (a i be e i
(d) a e a Se i Re i a ce; g a e) c i e a ci e de hi
b. Pe a a ed i a Pe i A h i a ic e. I ca be a i e, a he e
hi Age ; h hi e f he g d a d ef e
c. A he i e f he a a , he e i f de gi e b a e i a h i
a h i hi age e.
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2. [LEONEN] If he e f h ica f ce agai Q alif i g ci c a ce :

age f e i a h i i ei , 1. Whe he a a i c i ed ih a
he ffe e i di ec a a , b ea ;
e i a ce di bedie ce. I hi ca e 2. Whe he ffe de i a b ic ffice
he e X g abbed he hi f Office Y he e ee;
a ed a d ic ed hi e ea i e ,i a 3. Whe he ffe de a ha d a e
he d ha he e e ed f ce i da ge , i a h i
g a e, e ee e gh a a he
e a ie a ached he c i e f di ec Direc Assa l and Rebellion, Dis ing ished
a a . (Malla i . People, G.R. No. 224679, DIRECT
Feb a 12, 2020) ASSAULT REBELLION
3. E e he he e i a h i he (FIRST FORM)
age ag ee figh , di ec a a i i 1. Offe de 1. The e be a b ic
c i ed. e i i g a d a i g
4. E e a he e i a h i ca be g i f ce a agai he
f a a a e i a h i hi i i ida i ; g e e ;a d
age . H e e , he e ca be a a l 2. Ai f 2. The e f
di bedie ce e a h i b ffe de i he i i g
a he e i a h i hi age he a ai a f e e i
he b h c e d ha he e e i he he e ei he :
e e ci e f hei e ec i e d ie . f he c i e i. Re a, f
5. A e i a h i hi age i i he f ebe i a egia ce he
ac a e f a ce f fficia d ie he he: edi i ; G e e i
a. E ceed hi e , a d a , he e i f
b. U e ece a f ce i e ce, 3. The e i he Phi i i e
c. De ce d i a e , hich a e b ic a a he e f,
i a e i a e. i i g f a b d f a d,
6. K edge f he acc ed ha he ic i i a a a he a ed
e i a h i hi age i e e ia f ce ,
a d ch edge be a eged i he ii. de i e he
i f ai . Chief E ec i e
7. E ide ce f i e f he ffe de i C ge , h
i a he he e i a h i hi a ia , f a f
age h i a ac ed ei i i ida ed hei e
i i he ac a e f a ce f hi fficia e ga i e
d .
8. Di ec a a a be c i ed a Ar . 149. Indirec Assa l
i ae e h c e he aid f a A e h ha a e e f f ce
e i a h i i ce he i he i i ida i a e c i g he
c ide ed a age fa e i a h i . aid f he a h i ie hei age
9. Di ec a a ca be c i ed d i g cca i f he c i i f a f he
ebe i . C i e f igh h ica i ie i c i e defi ed i he e ecedi g a ic e
ab bed i di ec a a . (Di ec A a )
10. The e e ci e f e igh e i
ea ab e ea che a e ed be Ele e : (PAA-PA-FI ) (3)
c d c ed i he idd e f he igh , he he
1. A Pe i A h i Age i he ic i
ffice a e i i ed ai ie ea ch ,
f a f he f f di ec a a i he
ca be e a ed i h di bedie ce.
e i a ic e;
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2. A Pe c e he Aid f ch ic i ; a d P i hable Ac :
3. Offe de a e e f F ce I i ida i 1. Ref al, ih ega e c e, be
agai ch e c i g he aid f he i ed b he C g e a f
ic i f di ec a a i c i ee bc i ee ,
C i i a c i ee b a
Offe ded a c i i c i ee chai a
1. Ma be a i a e e e be a h i ed i e e ;
2. A i a e e h c e he e c e f 2. Ref al f a e e e bef e a
a a h i hi age e he i i ege egi a i e c i i a b d fficia
f he a e be laced de affi a i ;
3. Ref al a e a ega i i ;
N e : d ce b , d c e , ec d , e c.,
1. Di ec a a ha e bee c i ed fi he e i ed d b he aid b die i
i bei g c i ed f hi a ic e be he e e ci e f hei f c i ;
a icab e. 4. Re ai i g a he f a e di g a
2. If, hi e a e i a h i hi age i i e i ch b d ;
ef i g hi d a d e e he hi , 5. I d ci g di bedie ce a
a d he he he e i a ac ed b a he ef al be
e ih , h e e , a ac i g he
e i a h i age , i i i di ec Ar . 151. Resis ance and Disobedience o a
a a . Person in A hori or he Agen s of S ch
Persons
Ar . 150. Disobedience o S mmons Iss ed b A e h , bei g i c ded i he
he Congress, is Commi ees or i i f he ecedi g a ic e , ha
S bcommi ees, b he Cons i ional e i ei di be a e i
Commission, is Commi ees, a h i , he age f ch e , hi e
S bcommi ees, or Di isions. e gaged i he e f a ce f fficia d ie .
A e h , ha i g bee d ed (Thi di bedie ce a age fa e i
a e d a a i e bef e he Na i a A e b , a h i a be i e ei .)
(C g e ), i ecia a di g c i ee a d
bc i ee , he C i i a C i i a d P i hable Ac :
i c i ee , bc i ee , di i i , 1. Re i a ce ei di bedie ce; a d
bef e a c i i c i ee chai a 2. Si e di bedie ce.
e be a h i ed i e e , ef e ,
ih ega e c e, be ch , Ele e f Re i a ce Se i
bei g e e bef e a ch egi a i e Di bedie ce: (3)
c i i a b d fficia , ef e be 1. A Pe i A h i hi Age i e gaged
aced de affi a i a e a ega i ef a ce f fficia d ie ;
i i d ce a b , a e ,d c e , 2. The Offe de Re i Se i Di be ;
ec d i hi e i , he e i ed b he a d
d i he e e ci e f hei f c i .
3. Ac f he ffe de a e N i c ded i A .
148-150
A e h ha e ai a he f a e di g
N e: The e ca be e i a ce a d e i
a a i e , h ha i d ce di bedie ce a
di bedie ce on occa ion f he e f a ce f
ef a be b a ch b d
fficia d ie . The e a a ha be a ac a
fficia .
ef a ce f d ie he he e i a ce
ei di bedie ce i ade.
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Ele e f Si le Di bedie ce: (3) i i ida i g,

1. Age i E gaged i he e f a ce f 4) e i e i i g
fficia d Gi e a a f de ; N f ce i A ac e e
2. Offe de Di be ch d ; a d e ed, if f f ce be
3. Di bedie ce i N f a Se i a e. e e i ed i ei a d
a age , de ibe a e
N e: O age ca be he ic i f i e igh f ce i ed
di bedie ce.
Ar . 152. Persons in A hori and Agen s of
Di bedie ce Persons in A hori Who Shall Be
1. The di bedie ce be a fai e c Deemed As S ch
i h de di ec i ed b a h i ie Pe i a h i
he e , i he e e ci e f fficia 1. Th e di ec e ed i h i dic i ,
f ci . he he a a i di id a , a a e be
2. The di bedie ce c e a ed de hi f e c g e e a
a ic e i di bedie ce a a a fai e c ai b ad c i i
c ih e ega i i . 2. O e h ha he e a h i
3. The d ei i hi a ic e efe g e a d e ec e a
di bedie ce, a d e i a ce. Se i
e i a ce i i hed de A . 148. (N e e b ic ffice i a e i
a h i .)
N -delibe a e a ack e l e f f ce
1. If a a ac i de ibe a e, i i Age
e i a ce ei di bedie ce. 1. Th e h , b di ec i i f a ,
2. A -de ibe a e a ac h a ac f i e b e ec i , a i e b c ee
ig e, di ega d, def a h i . a h i , a e cha ged ih he
ai e a ce f b ic de a d he
NOTE: N c i e ec i a d ec i f ife
1. Whe acc ed did ha e edge ha 2. A e h c e he aid f
he e a e i g hi a a eace ffice e i a h i
a d he e i ed; a d
2. Whe e i a h i age e ceed NOTE: I a i g he i i f A . 148
hi igh a d d ie . a d 151 f he RPC, eache , fe a d
e cha ged i h he e i i f
Resis ance or Serio s Disobedience and b ic d ec g i ed i a e ch ,
Direc Assa l , Dis ing ished c ege a d i e i ie , a d a e i he
RESISTANCE OR DIRECT ASSAULT ac a ef a ce f hei fe i a
SERIOUS d ie he cca i f ch
DISOBEDIENCE ef a ce, ha be dee ed e i
A h i /age A h i /age a h i . (P.D. N . 299, a d B.P. B g. 873)
be i ac a be i ef a ce f
ef a ce f hi fficia d ie a
d ie a a ed b ea
he e f
C i ed b C i ed i f
( - ei ) a :  1) a ac i g,
e i i g ei 2) e i g f ce,
di be i g 3) e i
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Cha e 5: P blic Di de (People . Bacolod, 89 Phil. 621 a ci ed in,

Re e , Book T o, p.164)
Ar . 153. T m l s and O her Dis rbances of 4. B i g ih ea e ai
P blic Order di a f a b ia .
A e h ha ca e a ei
di ba ce i a b ic ace, ffice, Third Ac of T m l s and Dis rbance of
e ab i h e , ha i e di b P blic Disorder and Inci ing To Sedi ion or
b ic e f a ce , f c i ga he i g , Rebellion, Dis ing ished
eacef ee i g , if he ac i i c ded 3 d ACT
i he i i f A ic e 131 a d 132 PUNISHABLE
INCITING TO
UNDER TUMULTS
SEDITION OR
P i hable Ac : AND OTHER
REBELLION
1. Ca i g a ei di ba ce i a b ic DISTURBANCES OF
ace, ffice, e ab i h e ; PUBLIC DISORDER
2. I e i g di bi g e f a ce , D e h gh Ma be d e h gh
f ci , ga he i g , eacef l eech ( c ) eech ii g
ee i g , if he ac i i c ded i A . M e f a D e ih i e
131 a d 132; c ci b i d ce he hea e
3. Ma i g a c e di g i ci e ebe i hich i eade c i he
edi i i a ee i g, a cia i , i e i a ca c a ed c i e f ebe i
b ic ace; i d ce he edi i
4. Di la i g laca d e ble hich c i ch c i e
e a di ba ce f b ic de i ch The a e f he eeche i b h ac i
ace; a d ei he ebe i edi i .
5. B i g ih he b d f a e h
ha bee ega e ec ed. Ar . 154. Unla f l Use of Means of
P blica ion and Unla f l U erances
Q alif i g ci c a ce
1. If he 1 2 d ac ab e i i P i hable Ac :
cha ac e , he e a e highe i deg ee 1. P b i hi g ca i g be b i hed, b
ha be i ed. ea f i i g, i h g a h a he
2. T l ca ed b e ha h ee ea f b ica i , a e a fal e
e h a e a ed ided ih e hich a e da ge he blic
ea f i e ce. de , ca e da age he i e e
c edi f he S a e;
N e : 2. E c agi g di bedie ce he a
1. Se i di ba ce be a ed he c i ed a h i ie ai i g,
i e ded. j if i g e lli g a ac i hed b
2. If he ac f di bi g i e i g a a , b he a e ea b d ,
ee i g e igi hi i c i ed b e a ce eeche ;
a i a e i di id a , e e b a b ic ffice 3. Malici l bli hi g ca i g be
h i a a ici a i he ee i g e igi bli hed a fficial e l i
hi hich he di b i e , hi d c e ih e a h i ,
a ic e i a icab e. bef e he ha e bee b i hed fficia ;
3. Thi c i e i be ec ed e a a e ih a d
h ica i ie if, i he c e f ca i g a 4. P i i g, b i hi g di ib i g (ca i g
di ba ce, ffe de i e he e e. he a e) b , a h e , e i dica
eaf e hich d bea he eal i e
Page 123 of 354

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a e, hich ae cla ified a he ei ha he he e ca e f ch

a e
N e : Ele e :
1. Ac a b ic di de ac a da age 1. Pe i c fi ed i ai e a
he c edi f he S a e i ece a . The e ab i h e ; a d
ee ibi i f ca i g ch da ge 2. Offe de e e ch e he ef
da age i fficie . he he e ca e f ch e .
2. R.A. 248 hibi he e i i g,
e d ci e b ica i f g e e A licabili f a icle
b ica i a d fficia d c e ih 1. A icab e e e if e ca ee i ee a
e i a h i . de e i i e
2. A icab e if e ca ee ca e f ah ia
Ar . 155. Alarms and Scandals a , a he e a e c ide ed e e i
P i hable Ac : f he e a i i i
1. Di cha gi g a fi ea , c e , fi ec ac e ,
he e i e i hi a b ic P ible ffe de
ace, ca c a ed ca e ( hich d ce ) 1. Thi c i e i a c i ed b a
aa da ge ; ide .
2. I iga i g a i g ac i e a i a 2. I a be c i ed b a e ee,
cha i a i he di de ee i g ided ha he d e ha e c d
ffe i e a he e dicia b ic cha ge f ch a e , i he i e ff-
a ii ; d .
3. Di bi g he b ic eace hi e a de i g
ab a igh hile e gaged i a Vi la i , i i ida i , b ibe
he c al a e e ;a d 1. The e a e ece a e e e f he
4. Ca i g a di ba ce ca dal i ffe e. The ffe e ca be c i ed b
blic lace hile i ica ed e i g he ea .
he i e, ided he ac i c e ed b 2. B he ffe de i e a i ed i h a highe
A . 153 ( ). e a if he c i he c i e i g
i e ce, i i ida i , b ibe .
N e : 3. B ibe a c e a ed i hi a ic e: he ac
1. Cha i a i c e e ade di c da f b ibi g e e( i c i , de A .
i e ade i h e e , i h e c., 212) a a ea e e i e f ai ,
de ig ed de ide, i l a he ac f acce i g a b ibe.
2. Fi ea m s no be poin ed a a person,
he i e, i i illegal discharge of firearm Liabili :
(A . 254). 1. Pe de i e i g de ai ee f ai a be
3. F di cha gi g a fi ea , e c., he ac he d iab e a a acce if he e
d ce a a da ge a a he ed ha c i ed ea , de ,
c e e ce. I i he e , he i e , a icide, beca e he e de i e i g
ha c a i i he e ca e f he i ci a .
4. U i g fi ec ac e d i g fie a a e 2. A i e h ea e ca be he d iab e
i hab e de hi a ic e. de hi a ic e.
a. If he i a i e b fi a dge e , he
Ar . 156. Deli ering a Person from Jail a be iab e de A . 157.
A e h ha e ef a ai
e a e ab i h e a e c fi ed
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ATENEO CENTRAL
b. If he i e e a de e i i e , he i i i a ca a he, d i g a i i
iab e i ce he ha e e ce be hich he ha a ici a ed
e aded.
Ele e :
Cha e 6: E a i f Se ice f Se e ce 1. Offe de i c ic b fi a dg e c fi ed
i a e a i i i ;
Ar . 157. E asion of Ser ice of Sen ence 2. The e i a di de e i g f
A c ic h ha e ade e ice f hi c f ag a i , ea h a e, e i , i ia
e e ce b e ca i g d i g he e f hi ca a he , a i i hich he
i i e b ea f fi a dg e ffe de did a ici a e;
3. The ffe de b e e e ade he
Ele e : e ice f hi e e ce b ea i g he e a
1. Tha he ffe de i a c ic b fi a i i i ;a d
dg e ; 4. Offe de fai gi e hi e f he
2. Tha he i e i g hi e e ce hich a h i ie i hi 48 h f i g he
c i i de i a i f ibe (de ie i a ce f a ca ai b he Chief
i c ded); a d E ec i e a ci g he a i g a a f
3. Tha he e ade he e ice f hi e e ce ch ca a i .
b e ca i g d i g he e f hi e e ce
N e :
N e : 1. A icab e c ic b fi a dg e
1. Thi i a c i i g ffe e. 2. Wha i i hed i he ea i g f he
2. Thi a ic e d e a l i e a i i i , b he fai e f he c ic
de i e , de e i i e , gi e hi e f .
de ee . 3. If he ffe de fai gi e hi e f , he
3. If he ffe de e ca ed i hi he 15- da ffe de ha ffe a i c ea e f 1/5 f he
a ea e i d, he c i e i e a i i e i e ai i g be e ed de he
beca e he dg e i e fi a . igi a e e ce, hich i e ceed i
h .
Ci c a ce alif i g he ffe e: a. C e a e i h A . 98 (B O e, RPC),
e a i f e e ce a d e h gh: a a e ded b RA N . 10592: a c ic
1. U a f e (b ca i g ); h d e ea e he e a i i i
2. B ea i g d , i d , ga e , a , f ch cca i i e i ed a
f ; ded c i f 2/5 f he i e i e ai i g
3. U i g ic c , fa e e , di g i e, decei , be e ed de he igi a e e ce
i e ce i i ida i ; 4. M i a ga i ed a d a f
4. C i a ce i h he c ic e ee e i a ce a ei ffice .
f he e a i i i a. The e i i if he i e
di a ed he g a d a d e ca ed,
Ar . 158. E asion of Ser ice of Sen ence on beca e he g a d a e hei ei
he Occasion of Disorders, Conflagra ions, ffice .
Ear hq akes, or O her Calami ies
Ac ic h ha e ade he e ice f hi Ar . 159. O her Cases of E asion of Ser ice
e e ce, b ea i g he e a i i i of Sen ence
he e he ha ha e bee c fi ed, he The c ic h , ha i g bee g a ed
cca i f di de e i g f a c di i a a d b he Chief E ec i e,
c f ag a i , ea h a e, e i , ha i a e a f he c di i f ch
ad
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Ele e : a. The 1 e a be a c i e, he he
1. Tha he ffe de a a c ic ; i hed de he RPC ecia a .
2. Tha he a g a ed a c di i a ad b b. The 2 d e, hich i c i ed bef e
he Chief E ec i e; a d e i g e e ce f he fi e, hi e
3. Tha he i a ed a f he c di i f ch e i g he a e, h ld be a fel .
ad . (Thi i beca e A . 160 ea f he
a i ei d f he e a
N e : e c ibed b a f he e fe .
1. Offe de ha e bee f dg i f he Pe a ie e c ibed b ecia a
b e e ffe e ( h gh hich he ha e ei d , i e fe ie i he
i a ed hi c di i a a d ) bef e he ca RPC.)
be ec ed de hi A ic e. c. N e i ed ha b h c i e a e
2. B de he Re i ed Ad i i a i e C de, e b aced i he a e i e f he RPC
ia a d c ic i i ece a f he 4. Diffe e f ecidi i , he e he fi a d
e e ci e b he P e ide f he e ec d ffe e be e b aced i he
a h i e a e a d ei ca ce a i f a e i e f he RPC
i a f ad . 5. Diffe e f ei e aci , hich e i e ha
he ffe de fi fi i he e i g hi
Cha e 7: C i i f a he Ci e e e ce bef e c i i g a he c i e
d i g Se ice f Pe al I ed F
a he P e i Offe e Pa d
1. Whe a a i- ecidi i eache he age f 70
Ar . 160. Commission of Ano her Crime a d he ha e ed hi igi a e e ce,
d ring Ser ice of Penal Imposed for he a be a d ed.
ano her Pre io s Offense 2. He a a be a d ed if he fi i he
A e h ha c i a fe af e e i g he igi a e e ce af e he
ha i g bee c ic ed b fi a dg e , eache 70.
bef e begi i g e e ch e e ce,
hi e e i g he a e Rea f a d i g ch a 70- ea ld
c ic
Ele e : 1. He i a habi a c i i a ;
1. Tha he ffe de a al ead c ic ed b 2. If hi c d c he ci c a ce h
fi a dg e a d e e ced f e he i h f ch c e e c
ffe e; a d
2. Tha he c i ed a e fe bef e e d f ic
begi i g e e ch e e ce hile
D. CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC INTEREST
e i g he a e
Cha e 1: F ge ie
Q a i- ecidi i
1. Thi i a fe b a ecia agg a a i g Sec i 1 F gi g he Seal f he
ci c a ce. The effec i i e he G e e f he Phili i e I la d , he
a i e i d f he e a a icab e f Sig a e Sa f he Chief E ec i e
he b e e fe .
2. Ca be ff e b di a i iga i g Ar . 161. Co n erfei ing he Grea Seal of he
ci c a ce , b i i eged e , ch Go ernmen of he Philippine Islands,
a i i Forging he Signa re or S amp of he Chief
3. Q a i ecidi i in ol e ci e . E ec i e
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1. F gi g he G ea Sea f he 2. Offe de ade, i ed, e ed aid

G e e ; c i ;a d
2. F gi g he ig a e f he P e ide ; 3. I ca e f e i g, ffe de h d be i
a d c i a ce i h ei he he c e fei e he
3. F gi g he a f he P e ide . i e
N e: Whe he ig a e f he P e ide i N e :
f ged, i i fa ifica i b f gi g f 1. A c i i c e fei if i i f ged, if i i
ig a e f he Chief E ec i e, de hi a h i ed b he g e e a ega
a ic e. e de , ega d e f i i i ic a e
2. C e fei i g i he i i a i f a ega
Ar . 162. Using Forged Signa re or ge i e c i ch a decei e a di a
Co n erfei Seal or S amp e i be ie i g i be ge i e.
A e h ha i g a e e f 3. T e i a c e fei ed c i , e ,
he c e fei ea f ged ig a e de i e gi e a a .
a e i ed i he ecedi g a ic e 4. T i i b i g he i .
I ai i c e e e e bef e e a
Ele e : he C H e.
1. G ea ea a c e fei ed 5. Thi a ic e a a ie Phili i e c i ,
ig a e/ a f ged; f eig aec i ,a d c i i hd a
2. Offe de e f ch c e fei i g f ci c la i . Thi d e e i e ha
f ge ; a d he c i c e fei ed be ega e de .
3. Offe de e ch fa e ea , a , 6. Whe a ea c i i ade a ea i e a c i
ig a e. i h highe a e b ai i g, e c. he c i e i
e afa beca e he c i i ge i e.
N e :
1. The ffe de i hi a ic e h d be he Ar . 164 M ila ion of Coins; Impor a ion and
e h did he c e fei i g f ge , U erance of Coins
he i e, he i be iab e de he e i 1. M i a i g COINS f ega c e c i h he
a ag a h. f he e i e e ha he e be i e
2. Offe de i i hed de hi a ic e i h a da age def a d a he ; a d
e a e deg ee e ha ha ided 2. I i g e i g ch i a ed COINS
i he e ecedi g a ic e, e e if hi ac i i h he f he e i e e ha he e
ha f a acce he c i e f be c i a ce i h he ia i e
c e fei i g he g ea ea f gi g he i ca e f e i g
a ig a e.
N e :
Sec i 2 C e fei i g C i 1. M i a i i a e ff a f he e a
c e f he c i , ei he b fi i g i
Ar . 163. Making, U ering, and Impor ing b i i g i f a he e a f i fe i
False Coins ai , di i i h b i ge i ea he
A e h a e , i , e e a i he c i .
fa e COINS, i c i a ce ih 2. F eig e a dc i ae c e ed b
c e fei e i e hi a ic e. M i a i be f Philippine
legal ende .
Ele e : 3. The e be i e i i a e.
1. The e a e fa e c e fei ed c i ; 4. C i a a be ea a d ega e de .
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5. M i a i g a ei i hab e, b i i g Sec i 3 F gi g T ea Ba k N e ,
ei g be c c e ih Obliga i a d Sec i ie ; I i g a d
c i a ce. U e i g Fal e F ged N e , Obliga i
a d Sec i ie
Ar . 165. Selling of False or M ila ed Coins
Wi ho Conni ance Ar . 166. Forging Treas r or Bank No es, or
1. P e i , ihi e e , COINS O her Doc men s Pa able o Bearer;
c e fei ed i a ed b a he ; Impor ing and U ering S ch False or Forged
a d No es or Doc men s
2. Ac a ei g ch COINS, hi e 1. F gi g fa ifica i f ea
i g he be fa e i a ed ba i g NOTES he d c e ;
2. I ai f ch fa e f ged
Ele e f Ac N . 1 (3) b iga i NOTES; a d
1. P e i (i ge e a , f ac a 3. U e i g ch i c i a ce i h he
e i c ci e e i ) f f ge i e .
c i ;
2. I e e he ; a d N e :
3. K edge ha he c i ae 1. F gi g he e i c i ed b :
f ged/ i a ed. a. gi i g a ea ba e a
i e a ab e bea e de a
Ele e f Ac N . 2 (2) a ea a ce f a e a d ge i e
1. Ac a e i g ch c i ; a d d c e ;
2. K edge ha he c i ae b. e a i g, b i i g, c e fei i g
f ged/ i a ed a ei g b a ea he fig e a d
e e , d , ig c ai ed he ei
O bei g legal e de (A . 169)
1. Thi a ic e d e e i e ha he c i 2. Ob iga i ec i i c de b d ,
bei g e ed i ega e de . ce ifica e f i deb ed e , bi , a i a
2. B if he c i bei g e ed e ed i ba e , c , ea e ,
a ila ed c i , i be ega e de , ce ifica e f de i , chec , d af f
beca e f A . 165. e ,a d ee a e e .
3. F gi g PNB check i i c ded de
P i hi g e i a d e a ce hi a ic e. Tha i fal ifica ion of comme cial
1. The e i e a ce i hed de doc men nde A icle 172.
hi a ic e i ha hich i d e i h
c i a ce ih he igi a f ge , Ar . 167. Co n erfei ing, Impor ing, or
ia , i e . U ering Ins r men s No Pa able o Bearer
2. If, a g i h e i e a ce, e i A e h ha f ge, i e,i
a he a h he iai f ge , he c i a ce i h he f ge i e ,a
i be iab e de ei he A . 164 165. i e a ab e de he
3. P e i a d e a ce a a be d c e f c edi a ab e bea e
i h he edge ha he e a e f ged
i a ed c i . K edge eed be Ele e :
e e ,b a be i fe ed f ac f he 1. The e i a i e a ab e de
ffe de . he d c e a ab e bea e ;
2. The ffe de f ge ch d c e
i e ch f ged i e ;a d
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3. I ca e f e i g, he ffe de i i Sec i 4 Fal ifica i f Legi la i e, P blic,

c i a ce i h he f ge i e C e cial, a d P i a e D c e , a d
Wi ele Teleg a h a d Tele h e Me age
N e: A ie che e a ab e he FALSIFICATION FORGERY
de f a ecific, a ed e The c i i fa U ed i A 169,
f he eigh ac hich efe he
Ar . 168. Illegal Possession and Use of False e i ed i A 171 fa ifica i a d
Treas r or Bank No es and O her egi a i e, b ic c e fei i g f
Ins r men s of Credi fficia , c e cia , ea ba
A e h ha i g e ha e i ae d c e , e a
i hi e i , ih i e e, a f i ee , e eg a h i e a ab e
he fa e fa ified i e efe ed i e age bea e h de
hi ec i
Ar . 170. Falsifica ion of Legisla i e
Ele e : Doc men s
1. D c e i he ecedi g a ic e ( ha i , A e h , ih e a h i
A , 166 a d 167) a e f ged fa ified b he ef , a e a bi , e i , di a ce
a he e ; e ac ed a ed e di g a a b
2. Offe de he be f ged fa ified; ei he H e f he Legi a e a i cia
3. He e f a f he e ac : b ad ici a c ci
a. i g a f ch f ged fa ified
i e ; Ele e :
b. e i g, i h i e ea f ch 1. The e i a bi , e i , di a ce
f ged fa ified i e e ac ed, a ed, e di g a a b
C ge a i cia ici a
N e : c ci /b a d;
1. The ac gh be i hed i i g 2. The ffe de a e i ;
e i g ih i e e a f ch 3. He ha e a h i d ;a d
f ged ea ba e , e c. 4. A e a i ha cha ged he ea i g f he
2. The acc ed ha he b de gi e a d c e .
a i fac e a ai f hi e i f
f ged bi . Me e e i f fa e e N e :
bi , i h i e e he he da age 1. The bi , e i , di a ce be
f a he , i a c i e. ge i e. Thi a ic e d e c e a
3. A e i e i f fa ified d c e fab ica ed i a ed egi a i e d c e .
a d h a e e f he a e i e ed 2. Offe de ca be a e ,f a g a he
be he a e ia a h f he fa ifica i . ha a h i a e.
3. Thi a ic e i he a e a i hich
Ar . 169. Ho Forger is Commi ed cha ge i ea i g. A he a e i g
Wa f ge i c i ed: i h egi a i e d c e i c e ed de
1. Gi i g a e/ d c e / i e A . 171 172.
e i ed i he ecedi g a ic e ( ha
i A . 166-168) he a ea a ce f a
e/ge i e d c e ; a d
2. E a i g, b i i g, c e fei i g,
a ei g ha i i he
e/d c e /i e
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Ar . 171. Falsifica ion B P blic Officer or 2. Feig i g i ai g a ig a e,

Emplo ee, or No ar or Ecclesias ical ha d i i g, b ic, he e bei g e i i g,
Minis er ge i e e
Ele e : Re i i e f C e fei i g/I i a i g (2)

1. Offe de i a b ic ffice , e ee, 1. I e a e i i a e; a d
ecc e ia ica i i e , a b ic; 2. S e e e b a ce be ee he ge i e a d
2. Ta e ad a age f hi fficia ii ; f ged ha d i i g, ig a e, b ic
3. Fa ifie a d c e b c i i ga f he
ac e i ed i he a ic e; a d I e
4. I ca e he ffe de i a ecc e ia ica 1. If he e i fficie e e bla ce be ee
i i e , he fa ifica i be c i ed i h he ge i e a d he f ged ig a e , i ca
e ec affec i g he ci i a f e . be c c ded ha he acc ed had i e i
i i a e he ge i e ig a e.
Take ad a age/ab e f fficial ii 2. The e ca be i e c e fei
1. He ha he d a e e a e, i i a e if he e had a h i ig .
he i e i e e e i he e a a i f, a
d c e ;a d Re e bla ce
2. He ha he fficia c d f he d c e 1. I i a i eed be e fec .
hich he fa ifie . 2. Re e b a ce be ch ha i i e
decei e a di a e dea i g i h he
N e: E e if he ffe de i a b ic ffice d c e .
e ee, if he ffe e a c i ed i h
ab e f ffice, he i be i hed a a i a e 2 d Ac : Ca i g i a ea ha e
ci i e . ha e a ici a ed i a ac ceedi g
he he i fac did a ici a e.
D c e
1. A i e ae e b hich a igh i Ele e (2)
e ab i hed a b iga i e i g i hed 1. Offe de ca ed i a ea i a d c e
2. M be c e e ha e he a ea a ce f ha a e ha a ici a ed i a ac
a e a d ge i e d c e ceedi g; a d
3. M be f a a e ega efficac 2. The e did i fac a ici a e
4. Pa . 6, 8, a d he ec d a f a.7 f
A . 171 e i e a ge i e d c e , hi e N e :
he he d 1. I i a i f a ig a e i e i ed i hi
a ic e.
N e: E e if he d c e i igi a a i a e 2. If e f ed b a i a e e ,a iha
d c e , if i i i he fficia c d f he ac de A . 171, A . 172 h d be
b ic ffice e ee if i f a f he a ied.
fficia ec d he i i fa ified b he b ic
ffice e ee, he he c i e c i ed 3 d Ac : A ib i g e h ha e
h d be i hed de hi a ic e. a ici a ed i a ac ceedi g
ae e he ha h e i fac ade b
1 Ac : C e fei i g I iai g a he
Sig a e, Ha d ii g R b ic
T a de hi a ag a h Ele e (3)
1. C e fei i g i i a i g a ha d i i g, 1. Pe a ici a ed i a ac ceedi g;
ig a e b ic; a d 2. Pe ade a e e i ha ceedi g;
a d
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3. Offe de a ib ed ch e he fa ifica i , ei he beca e he he ha he

ae e he ha h e i fac ade d a e, e a e, i e e e i he
e aai f a d c e , beca e he he
4h Ac : Maki g U hf l S a e e i a ha he fficia c d f he fa ified d c e .
Na ai f Fac Y, a he NAMRIA Ad i i a a ed i h
Ele e (4) c d c i g ge h ica e a e a
1. Offe de a e a a a i f fac ; a agi g e ce i f ai eeded b b h
2. The e a a ega b iga i di c e he he b ic a d i a e ec , had he d
h; di c e he h f he fac he a a ed i hi
3. The fac a a ed a e ab e fa e; a d e e.I a a ee i i e e,b a he
4. W gf i e fi i g a hi d e a ha e ed a ba i f he Re b ic
e ei gi he C i e Ag ee e i h X.
Na a i f fac I ef a i g hf ae e i a
1. M be a a i of fac , c c i f a ai f fac , Y h be he d iab e f
a ;a d fa ifica i . (Ga cia-Dia . Sandiganba an,
2. D e i c de i a e i dg e G.R. 193236 & 193248-49, Sep embe 17, 2018.)
Legal bliga i 5 h Ac : Al e i g T e Da e
1. The e i a a e i i g he di c e f he
h f he fac a a ed. N e :
2. If he a d e e i e a iece f 1. The e i fa ifica i he he da e
i f a i , e e if he acc ed ied ab e i ed i he d c e i e e ial.
ha i f , he i iab e. 2. Cha ge f da e affec he e aci f
3. Lega b iga i i i he e i a i gf a he d c e he effec / ea i g he e f.
e ide ce (c i a ) ce ifica e.
6 h Ac : Maki g a al e a i i e cala i
Ab l el fal e i a ge i e d c e hich cha ge i
1. Offe de be a a e f fa i ea i g
2. If he a e e ae a ge he fa e,
he e bei g e c ab e h i ch Ele e (4)
a e e , he c i e f fa ifica i i 1. A e a i (cha ge, e i i ) i e ca a i
dee ed ha e bee c i ed. (i e i ) ad c e ;
2. Made a ge i e d c e ;
W gf l i e 3. A e a i i e ca a i ha cha ged i
1. A e i g i if he a a i a ed ea i g; a d
b a de i e d g i e a hi d 4. Mea i g f he d c e bec e fa e
e .
2. G d fai h i a defe e. If ffe de be ie ed Cha ge i ea i g
ha he a e, he i iab e. 1. Cha ge he effec hich he d c e
d he i e d ce; a d
N e : 2. U e ha ha e , he e c d e i a
1. E e if c e e e i ac ac a e e ia e e e i e i c i a
b ai ed b i e ce, i d e a e fac c i e.
a a ed i i fa e.
2. The e ca be fa ifica i b i i . Mea i g bec e fal e
1. A e a i hich ea he h i
J i de ce: fa ifica i .
[LEONEN] The b ic ffice ha e a e
ad a age f hi he fficia ii c i
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2. M be a e a i /i e ca a i hich ca e Ele e f Ac N . 1 (3)

he i e ea a a g age diffe e 1. Offe de i a i a e i di id a b ic
i ega effec f ha i igi a e. ffice a i g ad a age f hi ii ;
2. He c i ed a ac f fa ifica i de
7 h Ac : I i g, i a a he ica ed f , a A . 171
d c e i g be a c f a a. E ce i : Pa .7, hich b defi i i
igi al d c e he ch igi al ca be c i ed b a i ae
e i , i cl di g i ch a c a ae e i di id a / b ic ffice a i g
c a , diffe e f , ha f he ad a age f hi ii beca e he
ge i e igi al a he ica i f a d c e ca be
ade b he c dia he e
Offe de h e a ed a d e ai ed a c f he
1. C i ed b a b ic ffice a igi a d c e ; a d
b ic h a e ad a age f hi fficia 3. I i a b ic/ fficia /c e cia d c e
ii ha i fa ified.
2. If a i a e i di id a i i c i ac ih
he ffe de , he i g i f hi c i e a d Ele e f Ac N . 2 (3)
i c he a e iabi i a d e a a he 1. Offe de c i ed a f he ac f
b ic ffice a . fa ifica i ;
2. I i a i a e d c e ha i fa ified;
I e gai ej dice 3. The e i da age ca ed a hi d a a
1. The idea f gai i e ca e da age ea i e ca e ch da age;
a hi d e i ece a . a. Need be a e ia da age;
2. I i he fficia cha ac e f he ffe de hich b. Da age e h i i c ded; a d
i ai a e i c ide a i . c. Effec eed be fi ffe de f a
3. I i he i e e f he c i hich i g a i da aged a he .
i e ded be ec ed.
Ele e f Ac N . 3 (J dicial ceedi g) (3)
8 h Ac : I e cala i g a i e e 1. Offe de e d c e a fa ified b
ela i e he i a ce he e f i a c l, a he ;
egi , fficial b k 2. D c e i e b aced i A . 171, .1
2 f A . 172; a d
N e : 3. D c e i i d ced i e ide ce i a
1. C e ae he cha gi g f e ie i dicia ceedi g
fficia ec d , ch a he ca ci i egi .
2. Ma ici i e i ece a . Ele e f Ac N . 3 (a he ceedi g)
(3)
Ar . 172. Falsifica ion b Pri a e Indi id als 1. Offe de e d c e a fa ified b
and Use of Falsified Doc men s a he ;
2. D c e i e b aced i A . 171, .1
P i hable Ac : 2 f A . 172;
1. Fa ifica i f b ic, fficia c e cia 3. D c e i ed i a - dicia
d c e b a i a e i di id a ; ceedi g; a d
2. Fa ifica i f i ae d c e b a 4. S ch e ca ed da age a he he e
e ;a d a a ea i e ca e ch da age
3. U e f fa ified d c e i a dicia
ceedi g, he e dice f a he i Da age i e da age a hi d a
a he ceedi g 1. O ece a he fa if i g i ae
d c e , i g a fa ified d c e
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i ceedi g he ha dicia (Nie a . People, G.R. No. 153133,

ceedi g 2006)
2. N ece a he fa if i g a b ic,
fficia , c e cia d c e C le ed i h E afa
3. A ece a he d c e ae 1. The e i a c e c i e f fa ifica i fa
ed i dicia ceedi g b ic, fficia , c e cia d c e ih
e afa.
F ki d f d c e 2. The e i ch c le c i e if ha i
1. P b ic d c e i ed i a i a e d c e .
a. I ed b b ic fficia i e e he a. Rea : T be i hab e, fa ified
e ige cie f b ic e ice; i ae d c e eed be
b. P b ic fficia i e e ed i e ec i ; acc a ied b da age, i e
a d da age a hi d e . The e i g
c. N a i ed b a a b ic a da age f a ac c i i g
c ee b ic fficia i h e i ed e afa ac a ee c ae
e i ie he c i e f fa ifica i f a i ae
2. Officia d c e d c e .
a. I ed b a b ic fficia i he e e ci e b. Di i g i hed f fa ifica i f a
f he f c i f hi ffice b ic d c e , hich eed
b. A eadi g fi ed i h he c ae da age a hi d a be
b ic fficia d c e . i hab e: A da age e i g
3. C e cia d c e f e f he fa ified b ic
a. Th e defi ed a d eg a ed b he d c e c d be a ib ed a
C de f C e ce e aae ci e ch a e afa,
b. Th e ed e faci i a e ade beca e da age i a ee e f
c. Ca h di b e e che ae fa ifica i f a b ic d c e .
i c ded. c. If a i a e d c e i fa ified
4. A he i i g a e i a e. c cea he i a ia i f
e he e a e
P i aed c e c ide ed P blic hich ha bee i he e i f
1. Deed hich a i a e fa ified, b he he ffe de , he c i e c i ed i
e e ed he a b ic b he fa ifie e afa i h ab e f c fide ce .
f ac edg e
2. P i a e d c e hich bec e a fa Falsifica ion of Pri a e and P blic
fficia ec d a d i ce ified b a b ic ffice Doc men s, Dis ing ished
d a h i ed b a . Pi ae P blic D c e
D c e
Pe i P e dice a The i ci a hi g
1. P e a d e e f a fa ified d c e hi d a i i hed i he i a i
i e ed be he a h f he i ai a e f b ic fai h a d he
fa ifica i . i acc . If e e ai f h,
2. Ab e i e ecia if acc ed ha ch da age i hich he d c e
fficie a d g i e fa if . a ae , e c ai . I i
a. Tha e i i e be efi ed a d e e he e i a ea i a e ia he he
fi ed f he fa ified a i ed i e i e e dice ha
Re ea e f Rea E a e M gage a e ca e i , he bee ca ed hi d
g i dica i ha he a ici a ed i fa ifica i i e .
he fa ifica i f he a e d c e . i hab e.
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N e : Liabili f i a e i di id al
1. Fa ifica i i c a ed he e he 1. Ca c i he fi ac b di ec
ge i e d c e i a e ed he e a ici a i , e he i a e ee f a
he fa e d c e i e ec ed. c ai e gaged i e ec ica i
2. The e a be a f a ed age if fa ifica i e ice
i i e fec . 2. Ca be he d g i a a i ci a b
3. U age, hich i a ee e f i d ce e , if he i d ced a b ic
fa ifica i , i i hed e a a e f g e e e ee ef i hab e
ac a fa ifica i . ac
a. I ca be dee ed ece a i i c ded 3. C ec i i h e ec ica i e
i he c i e f fa ifica i f a b ic i ece a c i hi d ac ; a
d c e b a b ic ffice e ee e ca be he d iab e f he e f
b a i ae e . fa ified di a che
b. I a be a e e ffe e.
N e: C e e ec ica i c a ie i e
J i dic i e ca e f Fal ifica i f G be, S ,S a ae c e a ed b hi
P blic D c e a ic e a c ai e gaged i e di g
Fa ifica i f P b ic D c e fa i hi he ecei i g e age i ce ea ac a
i dic i f he MeTC, MTC, a d MCTC, i e e e . The ee ide he c d i
i h he RTC, a Sec i 32(2) f BP faci i a e e age e cha ge .
129. (Rica do L. A ien a and Alf edo Ca o
People, GR No. 188694, Feb a 12, 2014) Sec i 5 Fal ifica i f Medical
Ce ifica e , Ce ifica e f Me i , Se ice, a d
Ar . 173. Falsifica ion of Wireless, Cable, he Like
Telegraph, and Telephone Messages, and
Use of Falsified Messages Ar . 174 False Medical Cer ifica e, False
Cer ifica es of Meri or Ser ice, e c.
P i hable Ac : Pe liable:
1. U e i g fic i i e age ; 1. Ph icia ge , f fa if i g a
2. Fa if i g e age ; a d edica ce ifica e;
3. U i g fa ified e age . 2. P b ic ffice , f fa if i g a ce ifica e f
e i , e ice, g d c d c , he
Ele e f Ac N . 1 a d N . 2 (2) i i a ci c a ce ; a d
1. Offe de i a ffice e ee f 3. P i a e i di id a , f fa if i g a f he
G e e , f a i ae c ai d c e e i ed i he fi ac
e gaged i e ice f e di g ecei i g
i e e , cab e, e eg a h ee h e Si ila Ci c a ce
e age ; Tha i , i i a e i , e ice, g dc d c
2. The ffe de ei he Th , ce ifica e e ai i g e hi f
a. U e a fic i i e age; e ae c e ed.
b. Fa ifie a e age
Ar . 175 Using of False Cer ifica es
Ele e f Ac N .3 (3) The e f a fa ified d c e e i ed i
1. Acc ed e i e e , cab e, e eg a h he ecedi g a ic e
e e h e e age e e fa ified;
2. Acc ed ed ch fa ified di a che ; a d Ele e :
3. S ch e e ed i e dice a hi d a , 1. C i e i A . 174 ha bee c i ed b
he e a a ea i e e dice a he e ;
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2. Offe de e f he fa ified a e f he Cha e 2: O he Fal i ie

ce ifica e; a d
3. Offe de ed ch fa e ce ifica e Sec i 1 U ai f A h i , Ra k,
Ti le, a d I e U e f Na e , U if ,
Sc e: a d I ig ia
1. Thi a ic e a ie e f h e
fa ified d c e c e ed b A . 174. Ar . 177. Us rpa ion of A hori and Official
2. Thi a ic e a ie , e e if he fa ified F nc ions
d c e ee ed i a dicia A e h , de e e e f fficia
ceedi g. i i , ha e f a ac e ai i g
a e i a h i b ic ffice ,
Sec i 6 Ma fac i g, I i g, a d ih bei g a f e i ed d ,
P e i fI e I le e
P i hable Ac :
Ar . 176 Man fac ring and Possession of 1. U ai f a h i i g a d
Ins r men s or Implemen s for Falsifica ion fa e e e e i g e e f be a ffice ,
A e h ha a e i d ce i e c.
he Phi i i e a a , die , a , a. Me e ac f i g a d fa e
he i e i e e i e ded e e e i g e e f be a ffice , e c.,
be ed i he c i i f he ffe e f i fficie .
c e fei i g fa ifica i e i ed i he b. I i ece a ha he e f a
ecedi g ec i f hi cha e ac e ai i g a b ic ffice .
2. U ai f fficia f c i d i g a
P i hable Ac : ac e ai i g a b ic ffice , e c.
1. Ma i g i d ci g i he c ih bei g a h i ed d
i e e a d i e f a. E e ia ha ffe de h d ha e
c e fei i g/fa ifica i ef ed a ac e ai i g a b ic
2. P e i g (i c di g c ci e , ffice
he he f ac a e hi ee
c ) ie ade i ed b a he Re e e a i
e , ihi e e he a e 1. M be i i e, e e , a d e ici ;
2. M e e e ffice a ed i a ic e, a d
I le e c fi ca ed a a h i fig e; a d
1. N ece a ha he f ac ee e 3. Re e e a i a be h i ac , a d
f c e fei i g; a d d
2. E gh ha he a be e ed b
he e e ge he i h he i e e Offe de
c i he c i e f c e fei i g 1. Thi a ic e a be i a ed b b h i ae
fa ifica i a d b ic ffice .
N e: Thi a ic e d e a a cc a
f a b ic ii de c f i e. A e
i e h i d ce hi e f i a ffice ha
i aca , h , ih c f i e, he
i c be a d a e ac a a ffice b
e e ci i g e f he f c i f he ffice.
(People . B enaflo , e . al., CA., 72 O.G. 364)
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J i de ce:  [LEONEN] The c i e f Ele e f C ceali g e a ea d he

ai f a h i i he he ac f e al ci c a ce (2)
i g a d fa e e e e i g e e f be 1. Offe de c ceal e a e a d he
a ffice , age , e e e ai e f a e a ci c a ce ; a d
de a e age c f he g e e . 2. P ei c ceal ide i
H e e , Y did c ai ief a d beha f
f he P e ide i he e e . Y did a ici Use of Fic i io s Name and Concealing of
e e e hi e f a a age , ffice , Tr e Name, Dis ing ished
e e e a i e f he g e e . He ig ed he FICTITIOUS CONCEALING
e e de hi a e a d de he d , NAME TRUE NAME
B A h i f he Sec e a . C ea , he Ee e f b ici P b ici ee e
O b d a i c ec i fi di g ha he e a be e e ; a d ece a ; a d e
fficie e ide ce a i dic e f h ee ib e e: c cea e
ai f a h i fficia f c i . e : c cea ide i .
(Degamo . Office of he Omb d man, G.R. No. c i e, e ade
212416, Decembe 5, 2018). e ec i f a
dg e , a d ca e
Ar . 178. Using Fic i io s Name and da age b ic
Concealing Tr e Name i ee
A e h ha b ic e a fic i i
a ef he e f c cea i g a c i e, N e:
e adi g he e ec i f a dg e , I a ce he a Fili i ci i e e idi g i
ca i g da age hi c ca e a alia legall (RA N .
6085):
A e h c cea hi e a ea d 1. A a e d i ci e a ic a d he
he e a ci c a ce e e ai e fie d
2. A a e a e i iea c ii
P i hable Ac :
1. U i g fic i i a e; a d 3. A a e d i ee i i a d adi
2. C cea i g e a e a d he e a b adca i g
ci c a ce .
Ar . 179. Illegal Use of Uniforms or Insignia
Ele e f U i g fic i i a e (3) A e h ha b ic a d i e
1. Offe de e a fic i i a e; a e e f i ig ia, if de
2. S ch a e i ed b ic ; e ai i g a ffice he d b ch e
3. P ei : a ca f e f hich he i a
a. C cea a c i e; e be
b. E ade e ec i f dg e ;
c. Ca e da age p blic i e e Ele e :
1. Offe de e a i ig ia, if , de ;
N e: If he e i f ca i g da age, i 2. S ch e ai a ffice he d b ffe de
be da age b ic i e e . If i i da age a ca f e f hich he i a
i a e i e e , he c i e i be E afa de e be ; a d
A . 315, bdi i i 2, a . (a). 3. U e d e b ic a d i e
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ATENEO CENTRAL
I ig ia, U if , De 5. The e e f he e a de e d he
1. Ge i e i ig ia, if , de i e e ce i ed he defe da , e ce
ece a . Offe de ca ea a i i a i i he ca e f a dg e f ac i a .
a d i be iab e. 6. Si ce A . 180 d e e c ibe he e a
2. A e ac i i a i i ece a , f a he e he defe da i a c i i a ca e i
g a he e i a c ab e e e b a ce e e ced a ligh penal , fa e e i
ca c a ed decei e he ge e a b ic. i ca e f a igh e a ca be i hed,
3. M e ai a ac al ffice cla f c ide i g ha a e a a a a be
e . The e i iab e if he ic c ed.
i ig ia, if , de e ai a
i agi a ffice c a . Ar . 181. False Tes imon Fa orable o he
Defendan
Sec i 2 Fal e Te i A e h ha gi e fa e e i i
fa f he defe da i a c i i a ca e
Fal e Te i -c i ed b a e h ,
bei g de a h ( affi a i ) a d e i ed N e :
e if a he h f a ce ai a e a a 1. Te i b ega i e a e e a i be
hea i g bef e a c e e a h i , ha de i fa f he defe da .
he h a e hi g c a i 2. Fa e e i i fa f defe da eed
di ec i f e ce he deci i f ac i a
Ar . 180. False Tes imon agains a be efi he defe da . The i e fa
Defendan he defe da i fficie .
A e h ha gi e fa e e i 3. A ae e f ee i i i
agai he defe da i a c i i a ca e i hab e.
4. C ic i ac i al i ece a
Ele e : (final j dgmen i no nece a ), b g a i
1. Tha he e be a c i i al ceedi g; fci ei i ci a ca e h d be h .
2. Offe de e ifie fal el he ei , de 5. The defe da h hi e f fa e e ifie i
ah hi beha f b fa e i i g e
3. The e i i agains he defe da he e he c i i f a ga e
he ei ; ffe e i c i i a ca e, i g i f fa e
4. Offe de ha hi e i i fal e; e i fa ab e he defe da .
a d 6. Rec ifica i ade a e af e
5. The defe da agai h he fa e ea i i g i a e i fa e e i .
e i i gi e i ei he ac i ed
c ic ed i a fi a dg e . Ar . 182. False Tes imon in Ci il Cases
N e : A e f dg i f fa e e i i
1. Vi a i f hi a ic e e i e c i i al a ci i ca e
i e . He ce, i ca be c i ed
h gh eg ige ce. P i hable ac
2. The ffe de eed i eg i he Gi i g fa e e i i a ci i ca e ei he f
acc ed be iab e. agai he ai iff he defe da
3. The defe da a lea be e e ced
a c ec i al e al a fi e Ele e :
ha e bee ac i ed. 1. Te i i gi e i a ci i ca e;
4. The i e h ga e fa e e i i 2. Te i i e a ed he i e e e ed;
iab e e e if he c did c ide hi 3. The e i i fa e;
e i .
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ATENEO CENTRAL
4. I i gi e b he defe da h i C ee ffice
be fa e; a d 1. Pe h ha a igh i ie i he
5. The e i i a ici a d ihi e e i e e ed hi de hi
affec he i e. i dic i
2. N e if e i / ae e ade
Ar . 183. False Tes imon in O her Cases and bef e -c ee a h i
Perj r in Solemn Affirma ion
A e , h i g a e hf Re i ed b la
ae e a d bei g i c ded i he 1. The e i a a e i i g i ; OR
i i f he e ecedi g a ic e , ha 2. The a e e d c e i ade f legal
e if de a h, a e a affida i , e ;a d
a a e ia a e , bef e a c ee 3. I i fficie ha he a h had bee
e a h i ed ad i i e a ah i ad i i e ed i h a ie f ca i g i
ca e i hich he a e ie effec a ega e
P i hable ac Ma e iali
1. Fa e e i de a h i a ceedi g 1. The e be c ee f f he
he ha dicia ; a d a e ia i f he fa e e i .
2. Fa e affida i . 2. The a e i be e i e ( ha
i , ea i g c aea a e hich a e
Ele e : (4) e e bab e he ii a
1. S a e e de ah affida i i e). I a be a e ial ( ha i ,
a e ia a e ; di ec i g di i g a fac a i e).
2. Made bef e a c ee ffice a h i ed 3. N e if fa e i ai i e i
ad i i e ch a h; affida i e e a e ia a e .
3. Wi f a d de ibe a e a e i f a fa eh d
i he a e e ; The a e i be delibe a e a d illf l
a. Pe ca be i f he e he a h A ee a e i f a fa e b ec i e fac , a
i acc di g be ief c ic i a fa eh d, i e gh. I be i f a d
i h; (J dge Pimen el No e p. 76) de ibe a e Wi f ea i e i a , ih e i
b. I a ea ha he acc ed i e a d ega a ice, i h he c ci e
hi a e e be fa e i c ci ha he a eged e i a e e i fa e, i h
ig a fi h (Monfo III, e . al., . he i e ha i h d be ecei ed a a
Sal a ie a, G.R. No. 168301 2007); a d ae e f ha a e i fac . De ibe a e
4. The i f a i gi e i e i ed b a i ie edi a ed, a di i g i hed f
i ad e e , ac . (J dge Pimen el No e p. 89)
Defi i i
1. Oa h a f fa e ai a ife i g a S b ai f ej
c i e ef a ac fai hf a d 1. K i g a d i f c i g a he
hf ea fa e .
2. Affida i a ae e i i i g ade 2. Whi e hi i e e i hed i he
bef e a a h i ed ffice Re i ed Pe a C de, he ffe de a be
3. Ma e ia Ma e he ai fac ; he b ec f iab e a a i ci a b i d ce e .
i i ci c a ce hich e d e
he fac ; N e:
a. Legi i a e affec he c edi f a P ba e f a i i ei he ci i c i i a . Th
i e h e ifie ; i i c e ed de hi a ic e, e e if d e i
b. S e g he c b ae e i ie c a d de a h.
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Ar . 184. Offering False Tes imon in Ele e f Ac N .1 (4)

E idence 1. The e i a b ic a c i ;
A e h ha i g ffe i 2. The acc ed ici ed gif / i e f gif ;
e ide ce a fa e i e e i i a 3. The ici a i i i c ide a i f
dicia fficia ceedi g ef ai i g f a i g a i he a c i ; a d
4. Hi i e i ca e ed c i f he ice f
Ele e : he hi g a c i ed
1. Offe ed i e ide ce fa e i e
e i ; Ele e f Ac N .2 (4)
2. Offe de e f fa i ; a d 1. The e i a b ic a c i ;
3. Offe ed i dicia fficia ceedi g 2. The ffe de a e ed ca e he bidde
a a a ;
N e : 3. Mea ed b he ffe de : h ea , gif ,
1. Thi a ic e a ie he he ffe de , i ho i e a he a ifice; a d
ind cing a he b i g hi be a 4. I e f he ffe de : ed c i f ice f
fa e i e , e e ed hi a d he a e hi g a c i ed
e ified fa e i a dicia fficia
ceedi g. Ac a e f al c i e
2. The fe i c a ed he e a 1. I i e i ed ha he e a i g a
fa e i e i offe ed i a dicia a ac a ef ai f a i g a i
fficia ceedi g. Looking f a fa e a b ic a c i . The c i e i c i ed b
i e i i hed b a a ha i no ee ici a i .
offe ing a fa e i e . 2. I i e i ed ha he e acce he
3. The fa e i e eed be c ic ed f ffe gif . The c i e i c a ed b
fa e e i . A e e ffe e e hi i e e ffe i g f he gif i e i
fficie . c ide a i f ef ai i g a e a .
Cha e 3: F a d (A . 185 i S pplemen ed b he P ice

Compe i ion Ac [RA No. 10667]. A . 186 i
Sec i 1 Machi a i , M lie , a d Repealed b he ame la .)
C bi a i
(A . 188 and 189 a e Repealed b he
Ar . 185. Machina ions In P blic A c ions In ellec al P ope Code [RA No. 8293] o he
A e h ha ici a gif e en he a e incon i en i h he ame la .)
i ea ac ide a i f ef ai i g f
a i g a i a b ic a c i , a d a Sec i 2. F a d
e h ha a e ca e bidde
a a a f a a ci b h ea , gif , Ar . 187. Impor a ion and Disposi ion of
i e , a he a ifice, i h i e Falsel Marked Ar icles or Merchandise Made
ca e he ed c i f he ice f he hi g of Gold, Sil er, or O her Precio s Me als or
a c i ed Allo s
A e h ha i g i e
P i hable Ac : di e f a a ic e e cha di e ade
1. S ici i g gif ef ai f a i g a i f g d, i e , he eci ea , hei
b ic a c i ; a d a , ih a ,ba d , a hich fai
2. A e i g ca e bidde a a a i dica e he ac a fi e e ai f aid
f a a ci ea a
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Ele e : b. Ca a c , ia g a d he i e;
1. Offe de i , ell , di e ie ; c. 7-11 a d a ga e i g dice;
2. The i e a e a ic e e cha di e ade d. B ac ac , c i e, e a di
f g d, i e, he eci ea , de i a i e , e, bacca a , c a ,
hei a ; a gg ig e a d he ca d ga e ;
3. The a , ba d , a ed b he e. Pa e, high a d , ah g, d i
ffe de fail i dica e he ac a fi e e a d he ga e i g a ic i e
ai f he i e ; a d a d he i e;
4. The ffe de k f ch fai e f e f. S achi e , e e, i ba a d he
i dica i echa ica c a i a d de ice ;
g. D g aci g, b a aci g,
Selli g, di i g, a d i i g ca aci g a d he f f ace ;
1. I i ece a ha ch i e ae h. Ba e ba , b i g, e ba , b i g,
ac a d a d ha he b ic i ac a i g g a d he f f i di id a
decei ed, f e be iab e de hi ea c e i c de ga efi i g,
a ic e. i ha i g a d he
2. If e i cha ged i h i ai , he e achi a i ;a d
be f ha i e a i fac i ed. i. Ba i g e ce age ga e,
a he ga e che e, he he
Offe de cha ce i , he ei age
1. Th e h i , e , di e f ch c i i g f e , a ic e f a e
ie . e e e ai e f a e ae a a e
2. Thi a ic e i a icab e he ade; a d
a fac e f a ic e f g d, i e , e c. He 2. A e h k i gl e i a
d be iab e f E afa. f f ga b i g i a i habi ed
i habi ed ace i a b i di g, e e
e d f ic - he ea f a ai ed
c ed b hi . A hea ie e a i
i ed:
E. CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC MORALS a. if he ace he e ga b i g i ca ied
Plea e ee SPL e ie e on R.A. 9287 (An Ac ha a e a i f a ga b i g ace
inc ea ing penal ie fo illegal n mbe game b. ha hibi ed ga b i g i f e e
and amending ce ain p o i ion of P.D. 1602) ca ied he ei ,
and P.D. 1602 (P e c ibing iffe penal ie in c. he ace i a b ic g e e
illegal gambling), hich epealed: a) A . 195- b i di g ba a ga ha .
199 RPC, b) he p o i ion of P.D. 483 (Be ing 3. A e h ai ai c d c he
La ), and c. he p o i ion of P.D. 449 ab e ga b i g che e . A hea ie e a
(Cockfigh ing La ) in ofa a he ae ha be i ed if he ai ai e , c d c ,
incon i en i h i . ba e f ga b i g che e ; a e,
e , efe ee, i e, dge c ach i
U de P.D. 1602, he f i g a e iab e: ca e f ga e fi i g, i ha i g a d
1. A e h ha di ec l i di ec l achi a i i a g e e fficial.
ake a i a i ega a h i ed 4. A e h k i gl a d i h
ac i i ie ga e f: la f l e e e i , a e,
a. C c figh i g, e e g, ai-a ai h e he a e c ai i g e e , fig e ,
aci g i c de b ie eai a d ig , b e ai i g i a
ga e fi i g, be , bi g a d he a e ed i ga e f e e g, ai-a ai,
f f e ie ; h e aci g b ie , a d i i a ga e f
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ATENEO CENTRAL
e ie a d be hich ha e a e ified a e i a d/ ice e eae

ace ab a e ace. he a e.
5. A ba a ga fficial h i h he edge
f e i e ce f ga b i g h e/ ace i hi Ele e f K i gl e i i g ga bli g
i dic i fai aba e a e ac i . be ca ied i a lace ed c lled
6. A Sec i ffice , a ch a , i ae b he ffe de :
h e de ec i e f h e , i age , b i di g , 1. Tha a ga bli g ga e a ca ied i a
e c e , a d he i e hich ha e he i habi ed i habi ed ace i a
e ai f ga b i g he e ga b i g b i di g, e e he ea f
ac i i ie a e bei g he d. a ai ;
2. Tha he lace, b i di g, e e he
Defi i i Of Te ea f a ai i ed
Ga bli g a ga e che e, he he c lled b he ffe de ; a d
cha ce i , he ei age ae ade 3. Tha he ffe de e i ed he ca i g
c i i g f e he a ic e f f ch ga e, i g ha i i a ga b i g
a e/ e e e a i e f a e bei g a a e ga e
Mai ai e e h e a d f i he L e Sche e f he di ib i f i e b
he ea i h hich ca he ga b i g chance a g e h ha e aid, ag eed
ga e che e a . a a ab e c ide a i f he cha ce
b ai a i e.
C d c e h a age ca ie
he ga b i g ga e che e. Ele e f L e (3):
1. C ide a i ;
N e : 2. Cha ce; a d
1. A ga e che e i i hab e e e if 3. P i e/ad a age/i e a i i a
i i g de e d i a g a age a e hich i i he a e f i e.
a e ade i g a a e e he
a ic e f a e/ e e e a i e f a e. N e:
2. B i P.D. 1602, a i g f e i no a I a c i i al ca e (US . Ol en 36 Phil. 395),
ece a e e e f a ga e f e he e i e he e a e ge he f
c i a c i e. Whe he a a e he a e f hi e , a d he i i g f he i e
ga e , i hi g a e h pe e i e e i cide a . B i a ci il ca e (El Deba e
a e a he ei , i e i hibi . Topacio 44 Phil. 280), if he i d ce e i
ab e e gagi g i h e ga e . a i e i he ea f he cha e, he e e
3. A e e b a de ec a i if f a ef e i ecei ed, i i i e .
c i i a iab e beca e he d e di ec
i di ec a e a i he i ega ac i i . Illegal N be Ga e a f f i ega
4. P f ha a ga e ace i ab ga b i g ac i i hich e be
a e ace i ece a . The b de f c bi a i he e f a fac i gi i g
e ide ce i hif ed he acc ed h ac / i e / e ; i c de ga e ch a
ha hi e i f e e g a e ia i ee ga d a ia .
a f i c ec ed i h a e e g
ga e. B f he c a b he
ec i i ece a he ee g i
e ai ga e a ed da e he ha
he da e f he aid.
5. P.D. 519 ha a ed i ba a d
achi e a d he i i a de ice a d
Page 141 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
Ar . 196. Impor a ion, Sale and Possession of Th da a d G d F ida . Race he d

Lo er Ticke s or Ad er isemen s he a e da a d a he a e ace a e
i hab e a a e a a e ffe e .
P i hable Ac : 3. H e ace a be ca ied a a i e
1. B i i g i he Phi i i e , f a ace, a d i e gif a be ffe ed,
f eig ace , a e ic e gi e aid, he i e i aid ace ,
ad e i e e ; p o ided i i acc a ied b a be i g
2. B e i g di ib i g he a e i he e f ai e he de ice f
c i a ce i h he i e; be i g.
3. B e i g, i g a d ih i e
e, e ic e ad e i e e ; a d
4. B e i g di ib i g he a e i h
c i a ce i h he i e
Cha e 2: Offe e agai Dece c a d
N e : G dC
1. The e i f a e ic e
ad e i e e i p ima facie e ide ce f Ar . 200. Gra e Scandal
i e e , di ib e e he a e. G a e Sca da c i f ac hich a e
2. The e ic e eed be ge i e, a ffe i e dece c a d g d c hich,
g a he ha e he a ea a ce he e f. ha i g bee c i ed b ic , gi e i e
3. G e e -a h i ed e ie bei g b ic ca da e h ha e accide a
a f , ac i c ec i he e i h hich a e i e ed he ac
e ib c e ed b A . 196 a e
c i i a ffe e .
Ele e :
1. Tha he ffe de e f a ac / ;
2. Tha ch ac / be high ca da i e
f ffe di g agai dece c g d
c ;
3. Tha he high ca da c d c d e
Ar . 198. Illegal Be ing on Horse Races e e fa i hi a he a ic e f he
RPC; a d
P i hable Ac : (d i g e i d all ed 4. Tha he ac / c ai ed f be c i ed i
b la ) a b ic ace i hi he b ic edge
1. B be i g h e ace ; a d ie
2. B ai ai i g e l i ga ali e
he de ice che e f be i g ace Dece c ie f c d c; e
ea i i g fi he ef b e a ce f he e i e e f de ,g d
a e, e c.
T ali e achi e f egi e i g a d i dica i g
he be a d a e f be ade h e C e ab i hed age, cia
ace c e i ca ied b adi i a d e f ced
b cia di a a fa i ai he e f
N e :
1. The e a i highe f a e h N e :
e a ali e he de ice. 1. Ac a b ic ie i e i ed. I i
2. H e ace a e a ed : (a) J e 12 h fficie if c i ed i a b ic ace.
f each ea , (b) Dec 30 h f each ea , (c) 2. Bei g c i ed i hi blic k ledge
A egi a i i g da , a d (d) H i c de cc e ce e e i a i a e ace;
Page 142 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
he be f e e h ee i i i a i f e ce . A a e ca a be
a e ia , e ce he ee b e he c ide ed b ce e if i h c he di a a d
e a igh , h ega i g he deg ee f c e e f e a i dece c . (US .
b ici e i ed. Ko inge , 45 PHIL 352)
3. The e e ce f g a e ca da i b ici a d
ha he ac c i ed a e c a Ob ce e i e hi g ffe i e cha i ,
a a d g d c b dece c de icac .
i e i e be f ch cha ac e a ca e
b ic ca da h e i e i gi. N e :
1. P blici i a e e ial ele e .
Ar . 201. Immoral Doc rines, Obscene 2. Me e di i ai i g a d ic e i
P blica ions and E hibi ions and Indecen b ce e.
Sho s 3. Pic e i h igh deg ee f b ce i
Pe liable: ha i g a i ic a e a d bei g i e ded
1. Th e h blicl e d f c e cia e fa i hi hi
clai d c i e e l c a a ic e.
b ic a ; 4. The a h f b ce e i e a e i iab e
2. A h f b ce e li e a e, b i hed he i i b i hed i h hi edge. I
i h hei edge i a f ; e e ca e, he edi b i hi g i i iab e.
3. Edi bli hi g ch b ce e 5. Di e i a i f b ce e a e ia i
i e a e; ece a , b he be f i e i i
4. O e ea f e ab i h e a ed i i a e ia . O ce i e gh.
elli g b ce e li e a e; 6. The e f he a i i hi g b ce e
5. Th e h e hibi i dece i a b ica i a d e hibi i i ec he
a , ce e , ac h i hea e , a f he b ic.
fai , ci e a a he ace; a d
6. Th e h ell, di ib e, e hibi Ar . 202. Vagran s and Pros i es
i , e g a i g, c e W e h , f e fi , habi a
i e a e, hich a e ffe i e a . i d ge i e a i ec e a ci i
c d c , a e dee ed be i e .
Sc e f b ce e li e a e i al
i dece la , ce e ac : N e:
1. Th e hich g if c i i a c d e R.A. 10158 ha dec i i a i ed ag a c b
ci e ; a e di g A . 202 a i h i e
2. Th e hich e e he e b l . U effec i i , a e di g ca e ee
ai f he a e f i e ce, dee ed di i ed, a d a h e e i g i e f
ga h ; ag a c ee h d be e ea ed.
3. Th e hich ffe d agai a ace
e igi ; P i e -W e h habi all i d ge i
4. Th e hich e d abe he affic a d he (1) e a i e c e (2) a ci i c d c,
e f hibi ed d g ; a d f e fi .
5. Th e ha a e c a a , b ic de ,
a , g d c , e ab i hed icie ,
a f de , dec ee a d edic
Te f b ce i :
Whe he he a e ha a e de c de a e e d f ic -
c h e h e i d ae e ch
Page 143 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
F. CRIMES COMMITTED BY PUBLIC N fea a ce:

OFFICERS De e ic i fd i ec i f ffe e
Cha e 1: P eli i a P i i
Malfea a ce:
Ar . 203. Who are P blic Officers 1. Di ec b ibe ; a d
2. I di ec b ibe .
REQUISITES: T-DiPA (2)
T be a b ic ffice , e be -
Sec i 1. De elic i fD
1. Taki g a i he e f a ce f b ic
f ci i he G e e ,
Ar . 204. Kno ingl Rendering an Unj s
ef i g b ic d ie a a e ee,
J dgmen
age b di a e fficia , f a a
c a , i he g e e a fi A dge h ha i g e de a
b a che ; a d dg e i a ca e b i ed hi
f deci i
2. Tha a h i a e a i he
ef a ce f b ic f c i
ef b ic d ie be Ele e : (JJ-UK) (4)
i. B Di ec i i f he a , 1. Tha he ffe de i a J dge;
ii. B P la elec i , 2. Tha he e de a J dg e i a ca e
iii. B A i e b c ee b i ed hi f deci i ;
a h i 3. Tha he j dg e i U j ;a d
4. Tha he dge K ha he deci i i
j
N e :
1. P b ic ffice i c de e e b ic e a ,
N e :
f he e he highe a , ided
1. A dg e i a fi a c ide a i a d
ha he e e ci e b ic f c i .
2. A g e e ab e i a b ic ffice . de e i a i b a c f c ee
i dic i f he i e b i ed i i a
H e e, e a ef a ce b a
ac i ceedi g.
ab e f b ic f c i a e hi a b ic
2. A dg e i e hich i c a
ffice .
a , ed b he e ide ce,
Cha e 2: Malfea a ce a d Mi fea a ce i b h.
3. N iabi i if dg e i ba ed e ade
Office
i good fai h.
4. A dg e a e f :
Pe f a ce f e ac
Malfea a ce a. E ( i h bad fai h);
hich gh be d e
b. I - i e e ge ( ha ed, e , g eed);
I e ef a ce f
e ac hich igh a f
Mi fea a ce c. B ibe .
be
5. The e be e ide ce ha he deci i
d e
e de ed i . I ca be e ed.
O i i f a ac hich
6. Ab e f di c e i e ee f dg e
N fea a ce gh be
canno i e i e e e a ba e f e de i g
ef ed
a dg e , i he ab e ce f f
e e a a ega i f bad fai h, i i e,
Mi fea a ce: i e c ide a i .
1. K i g e de i g dg e ; 7. D e a e be f c egia e
2. Re de i g dg e h gh eg ige ce; c h e de c ec i e dg e
3. Re de i g i e c de ; a d
4. Ma ici de a i he ad i i a i f ice
Page 144 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
(S e e C , C f A ea , he ei f he ca e? If i d e , i i
Sa diga ba a , a d C f Ta A ea ). i e c ; if i d e , i i fi a .
Ar . 205. J dgmen Rendered Thro gh E a e: A de g a i g e i i a i ci

Negligence a de a i i g a ecei e i a
A dge h , b ea f i e c ab e i e c de .
eg ige ce ig a ce, ha e de a
a ife dg e i a ca e Ar . 207. Malicio s Dela in he
b i ed hi f deci i Adminis ra ion of J s ice
A dge g i f a ici de a i he
Ele e : (J-C-M-I) (4) ad i i a i f ice
1. Tha he ffe de i a J dge;
2. Tha he e de j dg e i a Ca e Ele e : (J-P-D-M) (4)
b i ed hi f deci i ; 1. Tha he ffe de i a J dge;
3. Tha he j dg e i Ma ife l j ;a d 2. Tha he e i a P ceedi g i hi c ;
4. Tha i i d e I e c able eglige ce 3. Tha he Dela he ad i i a i f
ig a ce. ice; a d
4. Tha he de a i Malici , ha i , he de a
Ma ife l j j dg e Ma ife i ca ed b he dge i h de ibe a e i e
c a a ha e e a e ha i g eage i f ic da age ei he a i he ca e
edge f i ca d b he i ice.
N e: Me e de a ih a ice i
N e: Ab e f di c e i ee e f i hab e.
dg e i i hab e.
Ar . 208. Prosec ion of Offenses;
Ar . 206. Unj s In erloc or Order Negligence and Tolerance
A dge h ha i g e de a A b ic ffice , ffice f he a , h ,i
i e c de dec ee h de e ic i f he d ie f hi ffice, ha
ha e de a a ife i e c a ici ef ai f i i i g ec i
de b i e c ab e eg ige ce f he i h e f i a f he a ,
ha e a e he c i i f ffe e
Ele e : (J-KM) (2)
1. Tha he ffe de i a J dge; a d P i hable ac : (2)
2. Tha he e f a f he f i g ac : 1. Ma ici ef ai i g f i i i g
a. K i gl e de a j ec i agai i a f he a ; a d
i el c de dec ee, 2. Ma ici e a i g he c i i f
b. Re de a Ma ife l j ffe e
i el c de dec ee h gh
i e c able eglige ce ig a ce Ele e :
1. Tha he ffe de i a b ic ffice ffice
I el c de - e i ed b he c f he a h ha a d ca e he
decidi g a c a e a i cide a a e ; i i ec i f, ec e, ffe e ;
a fi a de e i a i f he i e f he ac i 2. Tha he e i de e ic i f he d ie f hi
ceedi g. ffice, ha i , i g he c i i f he
c i e, he d e ca e he ec i f
N e: Te i de e i i g he he a de he c i i a i g ha a c i e i ab
dg e i i e c fi a - D e i ea e be c i ed, he e a e i c i i ;
e hi g be d e i he ia c i h e ec a d
Page 145 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
3. Tha he ffe de ac ih a ice a d Ar . 209. Be ra al of Tr s b an A orne or

de ibe a e i e fa he i a f he Solici or Re ela ion of Secre s
a A a e -a - a a e d
a h i ed e e e a d/ a i a a a
Wh ca be ffe de i A . 208 ca e h :
1. Office f he La i c de a h e h , a) b a a ici b each f fe i a d
b ea f he ii he d b he , a e f i e c ab e eg ige ce ig a ce, ha
d b d ca e he ec i a d e dice hi c ie ,
i h e f ffe de b) b a a ici b each f fe i a d
f i e c ab e eg ige ce ig a ce, e ea
2. P blic Office e e d ffice f he a f he ec e f he a e ea ed b hi i
ec i de a e h e d i hi fe i a ca aci ;
i i eci i a ceedi g f fe ie he c) ha i g de a e he defe e f a c ie
e e ai f hich a e ade ha i g ecei ed c fide ia i f ai f
he aid c ie i a ca e, ha de a e he defe e
f he i g a i he a e ca e, i h
N e : he c e f hi fi c ie
1. PREVARICACION i he eg ige ce i he
ec i , a d e a ce i he P i hable Ac : (3)
c i i , f a ffe e. 1. Ca i g da age c ie ei he
2. The e be a d he a f he b ic a. B a alici b each f fe i a
ffice ec e e f he d ,
ec i f he ffe de . H e e , a fi ca b. B i e c able eglige ce
i de c i fi e a i f ai ig a ce
ba ed ac ai if he i c i ced ha Da age i ece a
he e ide ce bef e hi i i fficie 2. Re eali g a f he ec e f hi clie
a a fi i g a ac i i c . ea ed b hi i hi fe i a ca aci
3. The c i e be ed fi bef e a Da age i NOT ece a .
ffice ca be c ic ed f de e ic i fd . 3. U de aki g he defe e f he i g
If he g i f he a - i a i ed, he a i he a e ca e, i h he c e
e cha ged i h he de e ic i fd i f hi fi c ie , af e ha i g de a e he
iab e. defe e f he a e ha i g ecei ed
4. Ma ici ig ifie de ibe a e e i i e ; a c fide ia i f ai f he a e
de e ic i fd ca ed b dg e If he c ie c e he
h e i a ei i hab e. a e a i g f he defe e f
5. A b ic ffice h ha b , c cea , he he a , he e i c i e.
a i i he e ca e f a ffe de , he i
i hi d ec e hi , i iab e a Sec i 2. B ibe
i ci a i he c i e f de e ic i fd i
he ec i f ffe e . He i a Ar . 210. Direc Briber
acce . A b ic ffice h ha ag ee ef a
6. If gif / i e i a c ide a i f hi ac c i i g a c i e, i c ec i i h he
c d c , he c i e i di ec b ibe de A . ef a ce f hi fficia d ie , i
210. c ide a i f a ffe , i e, gif
e e ecei ed b ch ffice , e a
h gh he edia i f a he ,
Page 146 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
P i hable Ac : (3) Te a ef a ce f blic f c i

1. Ag eei g ef , ef i g, i ake he e a blic ffice
c ide a i f a ffe , i e, gif F e f hi a ic e, e a
e e , a ac c i i g a c i e, i ef a ce f b ic f c i i fficie
c ec i i h he e f a ce f he c i e a e a b ic ffice . A i a e
ffe de fficia d ie ; e a c i hi c i e i he ca e i
2. Acce a ce f he ffe i ei e gh hich c d f i e i e ed hi .
c a e he c i e. If he ffe i
acce ed, he e ffe i g he gif i B ibe e i he he gif i :
iab e f a e ed c i f a b ic 1. V ai ffe ed b a i a e e ;
ffice . 2. S ici ed b he b ic ffice a d ai
3. Gif ha e a a e be ca ab e f de i e ed b he i a e e ;a d
ec ia e i a i . I c d be i he f 3. S ici ed b he b ic ffice b he i a e
f e , e e ice . e de i e i f fea f he
4. Acce i g a gif i c ide a i f he c e e ce h d he b ic ffice
e ec i f a ac hich d e c i e ef hi f c i . The c i e b he gi e
a c i e, i c ec i i h he e f a ce i c i f b ic fficia d e hi
f he ffe de fficia d ; a d i ai e .
5. Ag eei g ef ai , ef ai i g, f d i g
e hi g hich i i he ffe de fficia B ibe a d P e a icaci , Di i g i hed
d d , i c ide a i f a gif BRIBERY PREVARICACION
i e. B hc i f i i d a ac
a. P e a icaci (A . 208) di i g i hed e i ed be e f ed.
f b ibe : diffe f b ibe i he A gif i e i N ece a
e e ha i he a e , he ffe de gi e i c ide a i
ef ai f d i g hi fficia d i f
c ide a i f a gif ecei ed he i i
i ed. Thi ee e i
ece a i he c i e f e a icaci . F h ele e : The ac hich he b ic ffice
ag ee ef be c ec ed i h he
Ele e : (PARE) (4) ef a ce f hi fficial d ie . I i e gh
1. Tha he ffe de be a P blic ffice ; ha he ac i a f he e ab i hed ced e f
2. Tha he ffe de Acce a ffe ag e e a age c .
i e ecei e a gif e e b
hi e f h gh a he ; Briber and Robber , Dis ing ished
3. Tha ch ffe i e be acce ed
BRIBERY ROBBERY (ART. 294)
gif / e e Recei ed b he b ic ffice -
Whe he ic i Whe he ic i did
a. Wi h a ie c i i g e c i e;
ha c i ed a c i a c i e a d he
OR
c i e a d gi e i i i ida ed ih
b. I c ide a i f a e ec i f a
e /gif a id a e a d/
ac hich d e c i e a c i e,
a e ec i de i e
b he ac be ; OR
ec i hi f hi e a
c. T ef ai f d i g e hi g hich
e
i hi fficia d d ;
Vic i a i h hi Vic i i de i ed f hi
4. Tha he ac hich he ffe de ag ee
e e e e b
ef hich he E ec e be c ec ed
ai f ce i i ida i
i h he e f a ce f hi fficia d ie
Page 147 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
Ar . 211. Indirec Briber 3. Hi ef a i i c ide a i f a ffe ,

A b ic ffice h ha acce gif P i e gif
ffe ed hi b ea f hi ffice
Ar . 212. Corr p ion of P blic Officials
Ele e : (PAB) (3) A e h ha ha e ade he ffe
1. Tha he ffe de i a P blic ffice ; i e gi e he gif e e a
2. Tha he Acce gif ; a d de c ibed i he ecedi g a ic e
3. Tha he aid gif a e ffe ed hi B
ea f hi ffice. Ele e :
1. The ffe de a e ffe i e
N e : gi e gif e e a b ic ffice ; a d
1. The a ic e e he d gif a d 2. The ffe i e a e ade, he gif
i e, a d acce , ecei e . e e a e gi e , a b ic ffice ,
2. The gif i gi e i a ici a i ff e fa de ci c a ce ha i a e he b ic
f he b ic ffice . ffice iab e f di ec b ibe i di ec
3. The e be c ea i e i he a f b ibe
he b ic ffice a e he gif ffe ed a d
c ide he e a hi f ha N e :
e . Me e h ica ecei 1. The ffe de i he gi e f he gif he
acc a ied b a he ig , ffe f he i e. The ac a a
ci c a ce ac h ch acce a ce be acc i hed.
i fficie c ic he ffice . 2. U de P.D. 749, gi e f b ibe a d he
4. The e i a e ed f a ed gif a e a acc ice i b ibe a d
i di ec b ibe . he g af ca e a e imm ne f
ec i if he ai gi e a
Indirec and Direc Briber , Dis ing ished i f a i ab a c i i f di ec ,
INDIRECT DIRECT BRIBERY i di ec , a d a ified b ibe , a d a
BRIBERY c i f b ic fficia , p o ided ha :
I b h, a b ic ffice ecei e a gif a. The i f ai efe
U a ch The e i a c a ed i a i fa f he
ag ee e ag ee e be ee ab e- e i ed i i f a ,
he b ic ffice a d e a d eg a i ;
he gi e b. The i f a i , a d he i f a
N ece a ha Office ag ee e i , a e ece a f he
he ffice d a ac , ef ef ai c ic i f he acc ed b ic
a g a he f d i g a ac ffice ;
acce gif b c. S ch i f ai a d e i ae
ea f hi ffice i e i f he S a e;
d. S ch i f ai a d e i ca
be c b a ed i a e ia i ;
Ar . 211-A. Q alified Briber
a d
Ele e : (PRE) (3) e. I f a i e ha bee
e i c ic ed f a ci e
1. The ffe de i a b ic ffice E ed
i i g a i de.
i h a e f ce e ;
2. He Ref ai f a e i g/ ec i g a
ffe de f c i e i hab e b recl sion
perpe a and/o dea h; a d
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ATENEO CENTRAL
Cha e 3: F a d a d Illegal T a ac i N e :
a d E ac i 1. Me e de a d f a a ge diffe e a
i fficie c a e he c i e. The
Ar . 213. Fra ds agains he P blic Treas r e e ce i he i e c ec i , a d
and Similar Offenses da age he g e e i e i ed.
2. If a e ecei ed i h de a di g he
F a d agai P blic T ea a e, a fe de hi a ic e i
Ele e : (4) c i ed. H e e , if he i gi e a a
1. The ffe de i a b ic ffice ; f gif g a ifica i , he c i e i i di ec
2. He h d ha e a e ad a age f hi ffice b ibe .
- ha i , he i e e ed i he a ac i i hi 3. Whe he e i decei i de a di g a ge
fficia ca aci ; fee , he c i e c i ed i e afa.
3. He e e ed i a ag ee e ih a 4. Thi fe a be c e ed ih
i e e ed a ec a ade e f a e ai . E . A a c ec h
a he che e i h ega d (a) c ec ed a a ge ha ha a h i ed b
f i hi g ie ,(b) he a i g f a a d e a f he i g i f
c ac , (c) he ad e e e e ci e , a e :
f a acc ea i g b ic e a. i ega e ac i , f de a di g a
f d ;a d g ea e a ;a d
4. The acc ed had i e def a d he b. a e ai f i a ia i g he
g e e . a c ec ed.
N e : 5. Office a d e ee f he BIR a d he
1. The b ic ffice ac i hi fficia B ea f C ae c e ed b hi
ca aci . a ic e, i ce hei ac a e c e ed b he
2. The fe i c a ed b e el NIRC a d he Ad i i a i e C de,
e ei g i a ag ee e ih a e ec i e .
i e e ed a ec a b e el
aki g e fa che e def a d he Ar . 214. O her Fra ds
G e e . A b ic ffice h , a i g ad a age f
hi fficia i i , ha c i a f he
Illegal E ac i fa d decei e e a ed i A . 315 a d
Ele e : (2) 316 f he RPC
1. The ffe de i a b ic ffice e ed i h
he c ec i f a e , ice e , fee a d Ele e : (PAC) (3)
he i ;a d 1. Tha he ffe de i a P blic ffice ;
2. He i g i f a f he f i g ac 2. Tha he a e Ad a age f hi fficial
i i : ii ;a d
a. De a di g, di ec i di ec , he 3. Tha he C i a f he f a d
a e f diffe e f a ge decei e e a ed i A . 315 a d 316
ha h e a h i ed b a , (E afa, S i d i g)
b. Fai i g ai i e a ecei , a
ided b a , f a f e N e: The e a de hi A ic e i i addi i
c ec ed b hi fficia , he e a ie e c ibed i he a ic e i a ed
c. C ec i g ecei i g, di ec
i di ec , b a f a e Ar 215. Prohibi ed Transac ions
he i e, hi g b ec fa a e A a i i e b ic ffice h , d i g hi
diffe e f ha ided b a . i c be c , ha di ec i di ec
bec e i e e ed i a a ac i f
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e cha ge ec a i i hi he e i aac i c ec ed i h he e a e
b ec hi i dic i e i he a a , di ib i
ad dica i f hich he had ac ed; a d
Ele e : (AI-WI) (4) 3. G a dia a d e ec i h e ec
1. Tha he ffe de i a A i i e b ic e be gi g hei ad he
ffice ; e ae
2. Tha he bec e I e e ed, di ec l
i di ec l , i a a ac i f e cha ge N e :
ec a i ; 1. Ac a f a d i ece a .
3. Tha he a ac i a e ace Wi hi he 2. I e e i be b i e f b ic ffice
e i bjec hi j i dic i ; a d he d.
4. Tha he bec e i e e ed i he 3. Ac i i hed beca e f he po ibili ha
a ac i d i g hi I c be c . f a d a be c i ed ha he ffice
a ace hi i e e ab e ha f he
N e : G e e f he a hich he
1. The a ac i be f e cha ge e e e .
ec a i . 4. Pe i e C i i al hibi i :
2. E a e f a ac i f e cha ge a. Me be f C g e ca e a
ec a i ae b i g a d e i g c , a ea a c e ; ca be i e e ed
c di ie , a d, e c. he ei eh e fi a cia i a f a chi e ecia
a e ad a age f a e ec ed i e fa i i i ege g a ed b g e e ; ca
ice f gai fi , a d ee a i e e ei a a e bef e a ffice f
i e e G e e ;
3. P cha i g f c ha e i a c a b. Me be f he E ec i e b a ch ca
i i ei e e a d a i ai f he h da he ffice; a d
a ic e. H e e , eg a b i g ec i ie c. Me be fC i i a C i i
f e ae i ec a i . ca h da he ffice, e gage i
ac ice f fe i a age e f
Ar . 216. Possession of Prohibi ed In eres s b i e , be fi a cia i e e ed i a
b a P blic Officer c ac i h, f a chi e/ i i ege b ,
A b ic ffice h , di ec i di ec , ha he g e e .
bec e i e e ed i a c ac b i e
i hich i i hi fficia d i e e e. Thi
i i i a icab e e e , a bi a
a d i a e acc a h ,i i e a e,
ha a e a i a c ac a ac i Cha e 4: Mal e a i f P blic F d
c ec ed i h he e a e e i P e
a ai a , di ib i ad dica i f hich
he ha ha e ac ed, a d g a dia a d Ar . 217. Mal ersa ion of P blic F nds or
e ec i h e ec he e Proper
be gi g hei a d e a e. A b ic ffice h , b ea f he d ie
f hi ffice, i acc ab e f b ic f d
Pe liable: e , ha a ia e he a e ha
1. P blic ffice h bec e i e e ed i a e i a ia e ha c e ,
a c ac b i e i hich i i hi h gh aba d e eg ige ce, ha
fficia d i e e e; e i a he e a e ch b ic
2. E e , a bi a a d i ae f d , e , h a ia , ha
acc a h a e a i a c ac
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ATENEO CENTRAL
he i e be g i f he i a ia i 5. The f d e be ecei ed i a
a e ai f ch f d e fficial ca aci . O he i e, he c i e
c i ed i e afa.
Ele e :
1. Tha he ffe de be a b ic ffice ( Ci c a ce hich ake i ae
i ae e , if e ed i h b ic f d i di id al liable
if i c i a ce i h b ic ffice ); 1. Whe he a e i c i ac ih b ic
2. Tha he ha he c d c ff d ffice ;
e (if acc ab e f he f d , 2. Whe he ha e cha ge f a i a , i cia
ci ec i ed i hef a ified hef ); ici a f d , e e e e i
3. Tha h e f d e a e b ic f d a ca aci ;
e (e e if i a e f d , he 3. Th e h a e acce ie acc ice f
bec e b ic if a ached, ei ed, de i ed a e i g b ic ffice ; a d
c i g ed i h b ic f d ); a d 4. De i ie ad i i a f b ic f d
4. Tha he: e
a. A ia ed he f d e ;
b. T i a ia ed he ; N e :
C e ed , h gh aba d e 1. Whe a e ai i c i ed h gh
eg ige ce, e i ed a he e eg ige ce, ac f ci i a i e g d
a e ch b ic f d e . fai h i a defe e.
2. The fai e f a b ic ffice ha e a d -
Mea i g f i a ia e c e f hc i g b ic f d e
The d i a ia e a d c e de a d, b a a h i ed ffice ha be
c e a ac f i g di i g f a he i a facie e ide ce ha he ha ch
e a if i e e e f de i g i i i g f d e e a e.
a e e diffe e f ha ag eed . H e e , if a he e e he he
(Ceni a-Mana an People, GR No. 156248, h age i di c e ed, he acc ab e
A g 28, 2007) ffice i ified, a d he i edia e a
he a f hi c e , he e i
N e : d e a i e. (U.S. Feliciano, 15 Phil 147)
1. I i ece a ha he ffe de fi ed 3. Re i g e be ed f d i no an
b hi a e a i . Hi bei g e i i he e emp ing ci c m ance b onl mi iga ing.
d f afe ee i g b ic f d i a e he H e e , he e f he a e ed f d
e ed i hi . h d be .
2. P b ic f d a e eed be 4. A e h e eg ige ce ade ib e
i a ia ed. he c i i f a e ai b a he
3. I ca be c i ed ei he i h malice o ca be he d iab e a a i ci a b
h o gh negligence o imp dence, a h gh i di e ab e c eai .
he e a i he a e. Neg ige ce f he 5. Ma e a i a be c i ed ei he
acc ab e b ic ffice be ii e h gh a i i e ac f i a ia i f
a d c ea h be i e c ab e. b ic f d e a i e h gh
4. I de e i i g he he he ffe de i a eg ige ce, b a i g a he c i
b ic ffice , ha i c i g i he a e ch i a ia i . (People Jo e Ting
f hi ffice a d he de ig a i . He Lan U , GR No. 157399, No embe 17, 2005)
h d be a b ic ffice h ecei e e 6. The fac ha he b iga i de i he
e f g e e f hich he i c ec i f he Ci T ea e ' Office i
b d acc , a d hich he ha a h i c e ed b a e a ' fficia b de c i i
c ec ecei e i f ega c e e ce i a ec i
f Ma e a i . Wha i e e ia i ha
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a e a had c d c f b ic 2. Tha he be a Acc able ffice f

f d b ea f he d ie f hi ffice. blic f d e ;a d
[People . Hipol, 454 Phil. 679 (2003)] 3. Tha he ha e U la f ll lef ( be
7. See A a con . Sandiganba an [G.R. No. he i f ea i g) he Phi i i e ih
116033, Feb. 26, 1997] he e he ec i g f he C i i A di a
Sa diga a a ed i had i dic i e ce ifica e h i g ha hi acc ha e
a e h a gi e c d f di ai ed bee fi a e ed
e . The C aid, I i e ide ha
he e i i e did cea e be a i a e N e:
i di id a he he ag eed ac a a The ac f ea i g he Phi i i e be
de ia f he ga i hed d c . a h i ed e i ed b a .
Ar . 218. Fail re of Acco n able Officer o Ar . 220. Illegal Use of P blic F nds or
Render Acco n Proper (Technical Mal ersa ion)
A b ic ffice , he he i he e ice A b ic ffice h ha a a b ic
e a a ed he ef b e ig a i a f d e de hi ad i i a i a
he ca e, h i e i ed b a b ic e he ha ha f hich ch f d
eg a i e de acc he (I a) e a a ia ed b a
A di a i cia a di , a d h fai di a ce
d f a ei d f h af e ch
acc h d be e de ed Ele e : (PAPA) (4)
1. Tha he ffe de i a P blic ffice ;
Ele e : (FRAP) (4) 2. Tha he e i a P blic f d e
1. Tha he ffe de i a P blic ffice , he he de hi ad i i a i ;
i he e ice e a a ed he ef ; 3. Tha ch b ic f d e ha bee
2. Tha he be a Acc able ffice f A ia ed b la di a ce ( i h
blic f d e ; hi , i i imple mal e a ion); a d
3. Tha he i Re i ed b a eg a i 4. Tha he A lie he a e a blic e
e de acc he C i i A di he ha f hich ch f d e
a i cia a di ; a d ha bee a ia ed b a di a ce
4. Tha he Fail d f a ei d f
h af e ch acc h ld be N e :
e de ed 1. U i e i A . 217 (Ma e a i ), i i ega e
f b ic f d e (Tech ica
N e: De a d a d i a ia i ae Ma e a i ), he ffe de doe no de i e
ece a . an pe onal gain; he f d a e e e
de ed e he b ic e.
Ar . 219. Fail re of a Responsible P blic 2. Ab e ce f da age i a i iga i g
Officer o Render Acco n s before Lea ing ci c a ce.
he Co n r 3. C i i a i e i a ee e f ech ica
A b ic ffice h a f ea e a e a i . The a i he he ac f
a e ea e he Phi i i e I a d di e i g b ic e ea a ed b a
ih ec i g a ce ifica e f he di a ce f a a ic a b ic e
(I a ) A di h i g ha hi acc a he b ic e. The ffe e i mala
ha e bee fi a e ed p ohibi a, ea i g ha he hibi ed ac i
i he e i a b bec e a
Ele e : (PAU) (3) c i i a ffe e beca e i i e a f bid
1. Tha he ffe de i a P blic ffice ; i c i i , ba ed c ide a i f
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ATENEO CENTRAL
b ic ic , de , a d c e ie ce. I i he b. de i e e i hi c d
c i i f a ac a defi ed b he a , ad i i a i he de ed b
a d he cha ac e effec he e f, ha c ee a h i d ;a d
de e i e he he he i i ha 3. Tha he a ici fai ef e d
bee i a ed. He ce, a ice ci i a
i e i c e e i e e a . (A nold Jame Ar . 222. Officers Incl ded In he Preceding
M. Y ido o . People, G.R. No. 192330, Pro isions
No embe 14, 2012) Pe liable de A . 217 221:
4. I e a i he ec d e e e , if he b ic 1. P i a e i di id al h , i a
f d a e e ab i hed be a f a i g , ca aci , ha e cha ge f a a i a,
he a e cea ed be a ia ed b a i cia ici a f d , e e e,
di a ce f a ecific e. e E ample: a i hh di g a
(Abd lla . People, G.R. No. 150129, Ap il 6, age
2005) 2. Ad i i a de ia ff d
e ha ha bee a ached,
Illegal Use of f nds or proper and ei ed de i ed b b ic a h i ,
Mal ersa ion, Dis ing ished e e if ed b a i a e i di id a
ILLEGAL USE OF MALVERSATION
FUNDS OR N e :
PROPERTY 1. She iff a d ecei e fa de he e
I b h, ffe de i a acc ab e b ic ad i i a
ffice 2. J dicia ad i i a c e ed b hi
Offe de d e Offe de , i ce ai a ic e (A i ed ad i i e e a e f
de i e a e a ca e , fi f decea ed a d i cha ge f e
gai fi he ceed f he a ached, i ded aced i de i b
ci e b ic a h i )
The b ic f d The b ic f d 3. P i a e e i i c ded if i i a ached,
e i a ied e i a ied ei ed de i ed b b ic a h i
a he b ic e e a e
Cha e 5: I fideli f P blic Office
Ar . 221. Fail re o Make Deli er of P blic
F nds or Proper Sec i 1. I fideli i he C d f
A b ic ffice de b iga i a e Pi e
a e f G e e f d i hi
e i , h ha - Ar . 223. Conni ing Wi h or Consen ing To
FR (2) E asion
1. Fail ake a e ; a d A b ic ffice h ha c e he
2. Ref e ake deli e de i e bei g e ca e f a i e i hi c d cha ge
de ed b c ee a h i de i e
a e i hi c d de hi Ele e :
ad i i a i ( be a ici ) 1. Tha he ffe de i a b ic ffice ( d );
2. Tha he i cha ged i h he c e a ce
Ele e : c d f a i e , ei he de e i
1. Tha he b ic ffice ha g e e f d i e i e b fi a dg e ;
e i hi e i 3. Tha ch i e e ca ed f hi c d ;
2. Tha he i de b iga i ei he : a d
a. a e a e f ch f d , 4. Tha he a i conni ance i h he i e
i he a e e ca e
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N e : 4. The eg ige b ic ffice ffe he a e

1. A e bec e a de e i i e f e a ega d e f he he he i e i
he momen he i booked . Thi efe he ac ic e e a de e i i e.
accompli hmen of he booking hee a d 5. A b ic ffice h ha di ec c d fa
fi i g faf he e hi fi ge - i ae de ai ed e de he i i f hi
affi ed. F ha i e , he i a ead a Ac a d h , b hi de ibe a e ac ,
de e i i e e en if he i no e i c d c i e c ab e eg ige ce
inca ce a ed. ca e a he e ca e f ch de ai ed
2. The e ea e f a de e i i e h e , ha be g i f a ffe e. (RA
c d be de i e ed dicia a h i ie 11479, Sec. 42)
i hi he i e fi ed b a i i fide i i
he c d fa i e . Nei he d e ee Ar . 225. Escape of Prisoner nder he
e ie c a i i he e f a ce f d C s od of a Person No a P blic Officer
c i e i fide i . A i ae e h he c e a ce
3. The e i eal and ac al e a ion f e ice f c d f a i e e de a e
e e ce he he c dia e i he ha ha e bee c fided, h ha c i a
i e b ai a e a a i f hi f he ffe e e i ed i he ecedi g
i i e . a ic e
Ar . 224. E asion Thro gh Negligence Ele e :

A b ic ffice cha ged ih he 1. Tha he ffe de i a i a e e ;
c e a ce c d f a i e h , 2. Tha he c e a ce c d fa i e
h gh eg ige ce, ha a he e a i e de a e i c fided hi ; (He
(e ca e) f he i e ha c d )
3. Tha he i e e de a e
Ele e : (PCE) (3) e ca e ; a d
1. Tha he ffe de i a P blic ffice ; 4. Tha he ffe de c e he e ca e f
2. Tha he i cha ged i h he C e a ce he i e e de a e , ha
c d f a i e , ei he de e i he e ca e a e ace h gh hi
i e i e b fi a dg e ; a d eg ige ce
3. Tha ch i e E ca e h gh hi
eg ige ce N e: Thi a ic e i a icab e if a p i a e
pe on made he a e a d he c e ed he
N e : e ca e f he e he a e ed.
1. The a ic e i he a defi i e a i hich
a de ibe a e - ef a ce f a Sec i 2. I fideli i he C d f
d . D c e
2. The fac ha he b ic ffice ecap ed he
i e h had e ca ed f hi c d Ar . 226. Remo al, Concealmen or
d e aff d hi c eee c ai . Des r c ion of Doc men s
3. E e f iabi i f a e ca i g i e: P b ic ffice h ha e e, de
a. if a i e b fi a dg e , he i iab e c cea d c e a e fficia
f e a i f e ice (A . 157) e ed hi
b. if a de e i i e , he d e i c
c i i a iabi i ( e he c e a ed Ele e : (PAED) (4)
i h he ffe de ) 1. Tha he ffe de be a P blic ffice ;
2. Tha he Ab ac , de c ceal a
d c e a e;
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ATENEO CENTRAL
3. Tha he aid d c e a e h d ha e Ele e : (4)

bee E ed ch b ic ffice b 1. Tha he ffe de i a P blic ffice ;
ea f hi ffice; a d 2. Tha he i Cha ged i h he c d f
4. Tha Da age, he he e i , a a e e ;
hi d a he b ic i e e h d 3. Tha he e a e e a e Sealed b
ha e bee ca ed. e a h i ;a d
4. Tha he B eak he ea e i he
N e : be b e .
1. The d c e a e be c ee
a d e b hich a igh c d be e ab i hed N e :
a b iga i c d be e i g i hed. 1. I i he b ea i g f he ea a d he
2. Pa e d i c de chec , i e i g f a c ed e e e hich i
e a d a e e . i hed.
3. A ffice fficia h e ai ed ai / e e 2. Da age i e ca e da age i no
ih f a di g he hei de i a i i nece a ; da age i p e med.
g i f i fide i i he c d f a e .
4. Re a ( ab ac i g ) f a d c e Ar . 228. Opening of Closed Doc men s
a e be f a illici p po e. The e i A b ic ffice i c ded i he i i
i ici e he he i e i f he f he e ecedi g a ic e h , i h
ffe de i : e a h i , ha e ha e i be
a. a e ihi, e ed a c ed a e , d c e
b. fi b i , b ec e ed hi c d
c. c i a ac c i i g a
b each f i he fficia ca e he e f. Ele e : (P-E-H-N) (4)
(Ka aniag People, 74 Phil 45) 1. Tha he ffe de i a P blic ffice ;
5. Re a i c a ed he e i g 2. Tha a c ed a e , d c e ,
ec e i g a a f he d c e f i b ec a e E ed hi c d ;
a ace. I i imma e ial he he o no 3. Tha He e e i be e ed aid
he illici p po e of he offende ha been c ed a e , d c e b ec ; a d
accompli hed. 4. Tha he d e N ha e e a h i .
6. De ci c cea e fad c e
a e doe no e i e p oof of an illici N e :
p po e. (Re e , Book T o, p. 480) 1. C d ea g a di g ee i g afe;
7. De i e i g a d c e (a bac a ce ifica e) ca e.
a g a i ead f e i gi he 2. Da age i e ca e da age i
e ea i g c e af e i a ig ed b he ece a .
T ea e , i h he e ha he e c d
a e i hd a a f hi bac a , i Sec i 3. Re ela i f Sec e
i fide i i he c d he e f. (People
I ineo, CA, 53 OG 2827) Ar . 229. Re ela ion of Secre s b an Officer
A b ic ffice h ha e ea a ec e
Ar . 227. Officer Breaking Seal hi b ea f hi fficia ca aci ,
A b ic ffice cha ged i h he c d f ha gf de i e a e c ie f
a e e ea ed b e a h i , a e f hich he a ha e cha ge a d hich
h ha b ea he ea e i he be h d be b i hed
b e
Page 155 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
P i hable Ac : e ea i f ec e . O he he ha d, if he
1. B e ea i g a ec e he a e d c ai ec e , hei e a
ffe di g b ic ffice b ea f hi f a i ici e i i fide i i he c d
fficia ca aci ; a d fd c e .
2. B de i e i g gf a e c ie f 3. Da age i e e ia he ac c i ed.
a e f hich he a ha e cha ge a d
hich h d be b i hed. Ar . 230. P blic Officer Re ealing Secre s of
Pri a e Indi id al
Ele e f a a. 1 (Secre s kno n b reason A b ic ffice , h he ec e fa
of his official capaci ): (DOWP) (4) i a e i di id a ha bec e b
1. Tha he ffe de i a P blic ffice ; ea f hi ffice, h e ea ch ec e
2. Tha he f a ec e b ea f hi
Official ca aci ; Ele e : (3)
3. Tha he e ea ch ec e Wi h 1. Tha he ffe de i a P blic ffice ;
a h i j ifiable ea ;a d 2. Tha he K f he ec e f a i ae
4. Tha Da age, g ea a , be ca ed i di id a b ea f hi ffice; a d
he blic i e e . 3. Tha he Re eal ch ec e ih
a h i ifiab e ea .
N e :
1. Sec e affec b ic i ee , ec e N e :
f a i a e i di id a . 1. Re e a i e e i fficie .
2. E i age f he be efi f a he S a e i 2. If he ffe de i a a e , he i e
c e a ed b he a ic e. If he ec e iab e de A . 209 (be a a f b a
a e i h ega d iia ec e ec e a e ).
affec i g Phi i i e S a e ec i , he c i e 3. I i ece a ha da age i ffe ed b
a be e i age. he i a e i di id a . The ea f hi
i i i h d fai h a d i he
Ele e f a a. 2 ( rongf ll deli ering b ic e ice.
papers or copies of papers of hich he ma
ha e charge and hich sho ld no be Cha e 6: O he Offe e I eg la i ie b
p blished): (6) P blic Office
1. Tha he ffe de i a b ic ffice ;
2. Tha he ha cha ge (c d c ) f Sec i 1. Di bedie ce, Ref al f
a e ; A i a ce, a d Mal ea e fP i e
3. Tha h e a e h d be b i hed;
4. Tha he de i e h e a e c ie Ar . 231. Open Disobedience
he e f a hi d e ; A dicia e ec i e ffice h ha
5. Tha he de i e i gf ; a d e ef e e ec e he dg e ,
6. Tha da age i ca ed b ic i e e . deci i de f a ei a h i
ade i hi he c e f he i dic i f he
N e : a e a di ed i h a he ega f a i ie
1. Charge ea c d c . If he
ffe de i ee e ed i h he Ele e : (JJJ-O) (4)
e i f a e b i h he c d 1. Tha he ffe de i a J dicial e ec i e
he e f, he i iab e de hi a ic e. ffice ;
2. If he a e c ai ec e hich h d 2. Tha he e i a J dg e , deci i de
be b i hed, a d he b ic ffice ha i g f ei a h i ;
cha ge he e f e e a d de i e he
gf a hi d e , he c i e i
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3. Tha ch J dg e , deci i de N e :
a ade i hi he c e f he 1. Thi fe i e a e e f e b ic
j i dic i f he ei a h i a d ffice a he .
i ed i h a he ega f a i ie ; a d 2. Da age he b ic i e e hi d a i
4. Tha he ffe de , ih a ega e e ia .
ifica i , O e l ef e e ec e he 3. De a d i ece a .
aid dg e , deci i de hich he i 4. De a d be f c ee a h i .
d b d be .
Ar . 234. Ref sal To Discharge Elec i e Office
Ar . 232. Disobedience o Order of S perior A e h , ha i g bee e ec ed b a
Officer; When Said Order as S spended b e ec i a b ic ffice, ha ef e, i h
Inferior Officer ega i e, be i di cha ge he
A b ic ffice h , ha i g f a ea d ie f aid ffice
e ded he e ec i f he de f hi
e i , ha di be ch ei af e Ele e : (REN) (3)
he a e ha e di a ed he e i 1. Tha he ffe de i Elec ed b a
e ec i a b ic ffice;
Ele e : (POSS-D) (5) 2. Tha he Ref e be i
1. Tha he ffe de i a P blic ffice ; di cha ge he d ie f aid ffice;
2. Tha a O de i i ed b hi ei f 3. Tha he e i N legal i ef ch ef a
e ec i ; be i di cha ge he d ie f
3. Tha he ha , f a ea S e ded he aid ffice.
e ec i f ch de ;
4. Tha hi S ei di a e he N e :
e i f he e ec i f he de ; a d 1. If he e ec ed e i di a ified, hi
5. Tha he ffe de Di be hi ei ef a be i di cha ge he
de i e he di a a f he e i . d ie f he ffice i ified.
2. Ref a di cha ge he d ie f a
N e: a i i e ffice i c e ed b hi a ic e.
A b ic ffice i iab e if he de f he
e i i i ega . Ar . 235. Mal rea men of Prisoners
A b ic ffice e ee h ha ed
Ar . 233. Ref sal of Assis ance hi e f i he c ec i ha d i g f a
A b ic ffice h , de a d f i e de e i i e de hi cha ge,
c ee a h i , ha fai e d hi b he i ii f i h e
c eai a d he ad i i a i f a h i ed b he eg a i , b i f ic i g
ice he b ic e ice ch i h e i a c e a d h i ia i g
a e
Ele e : (PCM) (3)
1. Tha he ffe de i a P blic ffice ; Ele e :
2. Tha a C e e a h i de a d f 1. Tha he ffe de i a b ic ffice
he ffe de ha he e d hi c eai e ee;
a d he ad i i a i f ice he 2. Tha he ha cha ge fa i e de e i
b ic e ice; a d i e ( he i e he c i e i h ica
3. Tha he ffe de fai d Malici l i ie ); a d
3. Tha he a ea ch i e i ei he f
he f i g a e :
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a. B e d i g hi e f i he c ec i 3. Tha he A e he e f a ce f he
ha d i g f a i e de e i d ie a d e f ch ffice; a d
i e de hi cha ge ei he 4. Tha he ha N a e hi a h f ffice
i. b he i ii f i h e a d/ gi e he b d e i ed b a . 
a h i ed b he eg a i ,
Ar . 237. Prolonging Performance of D ies
ii. b i f ic i g ch i h e and Po ers
( h e a h i ed) i a c e a d A b ic ffice ha c i e e e ci e
h i ia i g a e , he d ie a d e f hi ffice,
b. b a ea i g ch i e e e e c i i be d he
a c fe i b ai e ei d ided b a , eg a i ecia
i f ai f he i e. i i a icab e he ca e
N e : Ele e :
1. The b ic ffice ha e ac a cha ge f 1. Tha he ffe de i h di g a b ic ffice;
he i e i de be he d iab e ( 2. Tha he e i d ided b a , eg a i
e e a cha ge b ega fic i ). ecia i i f h di g ch ffice
2. Offe ded a be a: (1) c ic b fi a ha a ead e i ed; a d
dg e , (2) de e i i e. 3. Tha he c i e e e ci e he d ie a d
3. Ma ea e h d be d e e a e f ch ffice.
g dge, he i e, iabi i i f h ica
i ie . N e:
4. Offe de a a be he d iab e f h ica The ffice c e a ed a e h e h ha e
i ie da age ca ed. (The e a bee e ded, e a a ed, dec a ed e -aged
ided i A ic e 235 i i ed i addi i di i ed.
e a f i da age ca ed.)
The e i c e c i e f a ea e f Ar . 238. Abandonmen of Office or Posi ion
i e ih ei e ei A b ic ffice h , bef e he acce a ce
h ica i ie . f hi e ig a i , ha aba d hi ffice
he de i e f he b ic e ice
Sec i 2. A ici a i , P l ga i a d
Aba d e f he D ie a d P e f
Ele e :
P blic Office
1. Tha he ffe de i a b ic ffice ;
2. Tha he f a e ig f hi ii ;
Ar . 236. An icipa ion of D ies of a P blic
3. Tha hi e ig a i ha e bee
Office
acce ed; a d
A e h ha a e he 4. Tha he aba d hi ffice he de i e
ef a ce f he d ie a d e fa f he b ic e ice.
b ic ffice e e ih fi
bei g i ha i g gi e he b d N e :
e i ed b a 1. The e be f a i e e ig a i .
2. The ffe e i a ified if he e behi d
Ele e : (LANE) (4) he aba d e i e ade he di cha ge
1. Tha he ffe de i E i led h da b ic f d ie c i i g f e e i g,
ffice e e , ei he b elec i ec i g i hi g a f he c i e
a i e ; agai ai a ec i (e.g. ea ,
2. Tha he La e i e ha he h d fi be e i age), i hich ca e, he e a i
i a d/ h d fi gi e a b d; highe .
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Abandonmen of Office or Posi ion and b. b c e ec i e a h i ie i he

Derelic ion of D , Dis ing ished a f e e ci e f hei e
ABANDONMENT
DERELICTION OF
OF OFFICE OR N e:
DUTY (ART. 208)
POSITION Legi a i e ffice ae iab e f ai f
C i ed b e ec i e f c i .
b ic ffice h
C i ed b a Ar . 241. Us rpa ion of J dicial F nc ions
ha e he d
b ic ffice
i i e A ffice f he e ec i e b a ch f he
ec i G e e h ha a e dicia e
The e i ac a P b ic ffice d e ha b c he e ec i f a de
aba d e aba d hi deci i e de ed b a dge i hi hi
h gh e ig a i ffice b ee i dic i
e ade he fai ec e a
di cha ge f d ie i ai f he a Ele e :
1. Tha he ffe de i a ffice f he e ec i e
Sec i 3. U ai f P e a d b a ch f he g e e ;a d
U la f l A i e 2. Tha he:
a. a e dicia e ,
Ar . 239. Us rpa ion of Legisla i e Po ers b. b c he e ec i fa de
A e ec i e dicia ffice h ha deci i e de ed b a dge i hi
e c ach he e f he egi a i e hi i dic i
b a ch f he G e e , ei he b a i g
ge e a e eg a i be d he c e N e: Legi a i e ffice ae iab e f
f hi a h i b a e i g e ea a ai f dicia f c i .
a e di g he e ec i he e f
Ar . 242. Disobe ing Req es for
Ele e : Disq alifica ion
1. Tha he ffe de i a e ec i e dicia A b ic ffice h , bef e a e i f
ffice ; a d i dic i b hi e a ceedi g i decided,
2. Tha he: ha c i e a ceedi g af e ha i g bee
a. a e ge e a e eg a i a f e i ed ef ai f d i g
be d he c e f hi a h i ,
b. a e e ea a a , Ele e :
c. e d he e ec i he e f 1. Tha he ffe de i a b ic ffice ;
2. Tha a ceedi g i e di g bef e ch
Ar . 240. Us rpa ion of E ec i e F nc ions b ic ffice ;
A dge h ha a e a e 3. Tha he e i a e i b gh bef e he
e ai i g he e ec i e a h i ie ha e a h i ega di g hi i dic i ,
b c he a e i he a f e e ci e f hich i e decided;
hei e 4. Tha he ha bee a f e i ed ef ai
f c i i g he ceedi g; a d
Ele e : 5. Tha he c i e he ceedi g
1. Tha he ffe de i a dge; a d
2. Tha he:
a. a e a e e ai i g he
e ec i e a h i ie ,
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Ar . 243. Orders or Req es s b E ec i e Sec i 4. Ab e agai Cha i

Officer o An J dicial A hori
A e ec i e ffice h ha add e a Ar . 245. Ab ses agains Chas i
de gge i a dicia a h i A b ic ffice h ha ici a e
i h e ec a ca e b i e c i g i a i dece ad a ce a a
i hi he e c i e i dic i f he c i e e ed i a e e di g bef e ch
f ice ffice f deci i , i h e ec hich he
i e i ed b i a e c ih
Ele e : (3) a ei ffice ;
1. Tha he ffe de i a e ec i e ffice ;
2. Tha he add e e a de gge i A a de he b ic ffice di ec
a dicia a h i ; a d cha ged i h he ca e a d c d f
3. Tha he de gge i eae a i e e de a e h ha
ca e b i e c i g i hi he e cl i e ici a ei a i dece ad a ce
j i dic i f he c fj ice a a de hi c d
N e: P i hable Ac : (3)
Legi a i e dicia ffice ae iab e de 1. B ici i g a i g i a i dece
hi a ic e. ad a ce a a i e e ed i a e
e di g bef e he ffe di g ffice f
Ar . 244. Unla f l Appoin men s deci i , i h e ec hich he i
A b ic ffice h ha i g e i ed b i a e c ih
i ae a i a b ic ffice a a ei ffice ;
e ac i g he ega a ifica i he ef 2. B ici i g a i g i a i dece
ad a ce a a de he ffe de
Ele e : c d ;a d
1. Tha he ffe de i a b ic ffice ; 3. B ici i g a i g i a i dece
2. Tha he i ae a i a e a ad a ce he ife, da gh e , i e ,
b ic ffice; e a i e i hi he a e deg ee b affi i f
3. Tha ch e ac he ega a ifica i a e i c d f he ffe di g
he ef ; a d a de ffice
4. Tha he ffe de ha hi i ee
a i ee ac he a ifica i a he i e Ele e :
he ade he i ai a i e 1. Tha he ffe de i a b ic ffice ;
2. Tha he ici a e i a i dece
N e : ad a ce a a ;a d
1. Me e ec e di g, e e if i h he 3. Tha ch a be
edge ha he e ec e ded i a. i e e ed i a e e di g bef e he
a ified, i a c i e. He ffe de f deci i , i h e ec
i a e. hich he i e i ed b i a e
2. The e be a a idi g f he c iha ei ffice ,
a ifica i fa e be i a ed b. de he c d f he ffe de h i
a i ed a b ic ffice. a a de he b ic ffice di ec
cha ged i h ca e a d c d f
i e e de a e ,
c. he ife, da gh e , i e e a i e i hi
he a e deg ee b affi i f he e
i he c d f he ffe de .
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N e : b. Chi d Le ha 3 da ld (i fa icide);
1. The he f he e i he c d f he c. Rela i hi b Affi i (i - a );
b ic ffice i i c ded. d. Illegi i a e he
2. T lici ea e ea e a d A ce da /de ce da ; a d
e i e e hi g cha e a di a e. C -la e
a a . N e :
3. The c i e i c a ed b ee 1. Re a i hi be a eged i he
a. I f ai a d ed. If a eged, i ca
4. P f f ici a i i ece a he be c ide ed a a di a
he e i e a i e c e. agg a a i g ci c a ce.
2. P i hed b ecl ion pe pe a dea h
3. O e a i e b b d a d i di ec i e
(e ce e) a e c ide ed. O
ea i e b b d a be egi i a e
i egi i a e. A ad i e fa he ad ed
, fa he -i - a -i - a , i
e d f ic i c ded i hi i i . (Re e , Book T o,
p.507)
G. CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS 4. Ma iage a g M i a g
Cha e 1: De ci f Life e be f e h ic c a c i ie
ec g i ed (A . 33, Famil Code)
Sec i 1 - Pa icide, M de , H icide 5. P i h e f Pa icide h gh
i de ce/ eg ige ce:
Ar . 246. Parricide a. Reckle i de ce i hed b
A e h ha i hi fa he , he , A e Ma i i a i ei d
chi d, he he egi i a e i egi i a e, a Pi i C ecci a i i edi
f hi a ce da , de ce da , hi e i d; a d
e b. Si le i de ce eglige ce
i hed b A e Ma i i edi
Ele e : (RAK) a i ei d .
1. Tha a e i killed; 6. Pa icide b i ake: if he e i i e i
2. Tha he decea ed i i ed b he acc ed; a a ge b , b i a e, a c e ed e a i e
3. Tha he decea ed i he ( ela i hi ) i i ed, ffe de i be iab e, a i gA .
a. fa he , he , chi d, he he 4(1) (i e a i A . 49 f he RPC, f
legi ima e o illegi ima e, e a i a i ), beca e edge f
b. legi ima e o he a ce da he ea i hi i e i ed i a icide
de ce da , 7. Pa icide b i i (i e a i A . 276,
c. legi ima e po e f he acc ed 2 d a . Aba d i g a i )
8. S a ge c e a i g i a icide i g i
Rela i hi f he ffe de i h he ic i i f h icide de , a he ca e a be
he e e ial ele e .
1. Re i ed de e i e egi i ac f Pa icide i i hable b Recl i
ea i hi i h ic i ; Pe e a Dea h he :
2. The f i g a e e c ded (i.e., he acc ed 1. I i c i ed h gh eg ige ce (A . 365);
i be g i f a icide if he a e i ed
b hi /he ) (A3-RIC) 2. I i c i ed de e ce i a
a. Ad i e eai hi (ad i g a e - ci c a ce (A . 247).
ad ed chi d); (Re e , Book T o, p.507)
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Ar . 247. Dea h or Ph sical Inj ries Inflic ed

Under E cep ional Circ ms ances J ifica i f A . 247: B f Pa i
C i ed b The i i g be he i ae e f he
1. any legally married person who, having age e he i g he acc ed; a d
surprised his spouse in the act of i f e ced b e e a fac .
committing sexual intercourse with another
person, shall kill or inflict serious physical N e :
injuries on any of them or both of them in 1. The a ic e d e defi e a c i e, b he
the act or immediately thereafter; or dea h/ e i h ica i ie a e i f ic ed, i
2. Parents who, having surprised their ga a i g a i iga i g ci c a ce
daughters under 18 years of age and living a d, ide f he e a f de ie o (a
with them in the act of committing sexual af f ec i f he acc ed) i ead
intercourse with other persons, shall kill or f he e e e e a e c ibed f a icide,
inflict serious physical injuries on any of h icide, h ica i ie .
them or both of them in the act or 2. If he h ica i ie ca ed a e e
immediately thereafter ei igh , he ci c a ce e e
a ab ca e, h c i i a iabi i
Ele e : (3) i a c ibed.
1. A ega a ied e ae i e 3. B h i e a d h ba d a e e i ed he
hi e da gh e ( he a e be be efi f hi a ic e.
de 18 a d i i g i h he ) i he ac f 4. Se al i e c e d e no i c de
c i i g e a i ec e i h a he e aa ac .
e ; 5. I i i a e ia he he he ffe di g
2. He/ he i a b h f he i f ic da gh e i egi i a e i egi i a e, ided
a b h f he a ei h ica he a e i i g i h hei ffe ded a e .
i i he ac i edia e he eaf e ; a d
3. He/ he ha ed faci i a ed he Ph ical I j ie :
i i f hi ife da gh e , ha 1. Whe he e f h ica i ie a e
he/ he ha c e ed he i fide i f i f ic ed, he a ic e g a ab i f
hi /he e. c i i a iabi i ( e a i ab e).
2. A h gh a a e, e c i i g a
Defi i i f e ffe e i iab e f a he c e e ce f
1. The e i e e f bei g legall married hi ac , he e e e ha he ac
he ef e e c de c -a d ea a fe . If he ac d e i
ea i hi . a fe , he acc ed ca be he d
2. Legi i ac f a e i e i ed, he e a iab e f h ica i ie i f ic ed hi d
da gh e i i , a ied a d i i g i h e (i.e., h e he ha he
he a e . ife/da gh e a d he a a ). (People .
3. S rprise ea c e dde a d Aba ca, 153 SCRA 735)
e ec ed .
4. In he ac of commi ing se al Ar . 248. M rder
in erco rse i h ano her e i a i fied A e h , fa i g i hi he
if ci c a ce h ea ab ha he i i f A ic e 246, ha i a he i h
ca a ac i bei g c i ed ha bee he a e da ce f ce ai a if i g
c i ed. ci c a ce
5. Immedia el hereaf er ea he
di c e , e ca e, i a d he i i g
a f a f ec i ac .
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Ele e : b. P e e he a ad e a ac a
1. Tha
a e i i ed; chi d f e de ea
2. Thahe decea ed i i ed b he acc ed; c. The e e ce f eache i ha he
3. Tha he i i g a a e ded b a f he a ac c e ih a a i ga di a
f i g a if i g ci c a ce : if , de ibe a e, a d e ec ed
a.
ih eache , a i g ad a age f a e , aff di g he ha e , a ed,
ei e g h, i h he aid f a ed a d ec i g ic i cha ce
e , e i g ea ea e he e i e ca e.
defe e f ea e i e
aff d i i , T eache ha e bee delibe a el
b. i c ide a i f ice, e a d c ci l ad ed a he ea f
i e, e ec i e e he cce f he fel .
c. b ea f i da i , fi e, i , [LEONEN] The e a eache beca e X
e i , hi ec , a di g f had a ed he ic i hi h de bef e he
e e , de ai e a a a abbed hi . The e e dde e f a a ac
ee ca c i e, fa f ai hi , b h d be he e ba i i fi di g eache .
ea f ehic e , i h he e The e be e ide ce h ha he acc ed
fa he ea i i g g ea a e de ibe a e c ci ad ed he ea f
i , e ec i e ei cce . A , bef e he
d. cca i f a f he ca a i ie a ac , he ic i had bee i i g hi a d
e e a ed i he ecedi g a ag a h, c i g hi i a d ice. Thi e a ce, a g
f a ea h a e, e i f a i h he e i ie f ic i e i i ,
ca , de c i e c c e, e ide ic d ha e bee fficie ca i f X
a he b ic ca a i , ab hi . Si ce eache ha bee
e. i h e ide e edi a i , e ab i hed, he c i e i h icide. (People
f. ih c e , b de ibe a e a d . Olo e io, G.R. No. 211159, Ma ch 18, 2015)
i h a e a g e i g he ffe i g f
he ic i , agi g c ffi g a hi [LEONEN] F he e be eache , he
e c e; a d f i g be e : (1) ha a he i e f
4. The i i g i a icide i fa icide. he a ac , he ic i a i a ii
defe d hi e f, a d (2) ha he ffe de
M de i he a f i i g fa e , hich c ci ad ed he a ic a ea ,
i a icide i fa icide, ided ha a f eh d f f a ac e ed b hi . Whe
he ab e-e e a ed ci c a ce ae Z g abbed X' a b i e a d
e e . i a e abbed hi i h a ife de i e
bei g a ed. Thi ef X he e a i ef hi
N e : ih i defe d hi e f e e
1. I e kill e e ia i a a if i g e a ia e. (People . An onio Pableo, G.R. No.
ci c a ce , e ce eache 229349, Jan a 29, 2020)
2. Vic i be i ed i de c ae
he c i e; if ic i i no i ed, ei he [LEONEN] Af e e di g a e a d
a e ed f a ed de i c i ed e i g a ca cha e, he ffice e e ab e
3. T eache e e he he ac b c i a h. U de f he ffice , a he
c i i g he fe i dde a d ide e ed f he ehic e e ce f he
e ec ed, he i f i ca aci a i g he d i e . P ice X, h a f a ed, e ed he
ic i f bei g ab e e e e ca e i d i e he d i e ide chec hi ,
a. The ea , e h d , f f a ac b a a he did, he d i e h P ice X
be c ci ad ed b he h ice i he che . P ice X a a f a ed a d
ffe de . ai ed ice ffice ; hi ai i g a d ice
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ATENEO CENTRAL
d ha e e a ed hi f he ib e C le c i e f di ec a a l i h de
h i i ie ha a e i e di g a e a h icide
c i . The e i ca cha e a d acc ed Whe he a a e i he i i g f a age
ef a heed ice de h d ha e a ed f a e i a h i , he e a i e he
hi f ib e i e beha i e ade a e . c e c i e f di ec a a ih de
Whe a ice ffice had bee f e a ed f h icide. (People E -Ma o Ca lo E onilo
b e i g i e ce, he he c d ha e bee S ., e al., GR No 201565, Oc obe 13, 2014)
c ee a e b i e b he a ac . I
ch i a ce, he ef e, eache c d R le f a lica i f alif i g
ha e a e ded he i i g. (People . Pi lan ci c a ce
B ione , G.R. No. 226486, Jan a 22, 2020) 1. M de i e i ih e f he
ci c a ce ; he be c ide ed a
The hid i a da i f he ad a d ge e ic agg a a i g.
a a ed Je i h hei b hi e he a 2. Whe he ci c a ce a e ab bed
i a i g i h hi bac he . The e e he d i c ded i e a if i g ci c a ce, he
hi b hi h de e de hi defe e e ca be c ide ed a ge e ic agg a a i g
a d ab e e i he a ac hi b hi ci c a ce .
a ai a . Je a a a e f he i i e 3. A f he ci c a ce be a eged i
ei hi ife a d a e de ed i ca ab e f de a if he c i e de . If
defe di g hi e f. (People . Benn Cab alan, a eged, i i e e be c ide ed a a
G.R. No. 175980, Feb a 15, 2012) ge e ic agg a a i g ci c a ce. (Sec . 8
and 9, R le 110 of he R le of Co )
N e (c i ed):
4. N e gh ha ei e gh i O agi g c ffi g a he ic i hi
e e ;i be a e ad a age f c e: addi i al alif i g ci c a ce
5. Ta i g ad a age f ei e gh a e i ed i A . 14
a ie he he ac i c i ed 1. O agi g: c i a e e e ici
cca i fa blic cala i . dee i i g ac
6. A ed e a e a i he 2. Sc ffi g: ee ; i ie a h i g f
c i i f he c i e di ec i di ec .; i e e e ce
acc ed a ai hi e f f hei aid e
he . J i de ce:
7. Pe h ecei ed he ice, e a d, [LEONEN] Whi e he c d e c d e he
i e i a i ci a b di ec a ici a i ; a chaic a d f e i e ba ba ic adi i f he
e h ga e ch ice, e a d, f a e i ie i ed, i i c ceded ha he e a e
i e i a i ci a b i d c i . BOTH a e ce ai ac ice ha a e i e fae a
g i f de . ga i a i .I i ie ib e ha he ic i
8. T eache a d e edi a i a e i he e i e he ide i ie f hei a ac e b ch e
de b i , a d h , ca be di c e i ih fi c fe i g i h hei
c ide ed a agg a a i g. he f a e i b he . Se i i i a fe
he i f a e i ie . I a he ad ice f
Whe ab e f ei e gh d e he ic i e i "b d " a d hei ega c e
a l ha he e ec ed hei ae e bef e
The e e ce f ab e f ei e gh he Na i a B ea f I e iga i f (4) da
h d e i a if i g he ffe e af e he i cide . T eache a e e i he
de he i b ai i he ecia c e c i i f he c i e. The ic i e e ea i g
c i e f bbe i h h icide. I ch ca e, i ch ca , he e he e i ea ab e
h d be ega ded a a ge e ic ci c a ce. e ec a i f a dde a ac . The ee
(J dge Pimen el No e , page 220) a a ed, hi e he a ai a , h
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be ed he ic i , e e a ed ih Ele e : (PAIN) (4)

ba eba ba a d ead i e . The if e a d 1. Tha a Pe a killed;
dde e f he a ac ga e i f 2. Tha he Acc ed killed hi ih a
he ic i e a ia e e e defe d j if i g ci c a ce ;
he e e . Fi a , i ce he e i e 3. Tha he acc ed had he I e i kill,
c i ac , he CA e ed i di i g i hi g he hich i e ed; a d
iabi i ie f he a ai a e he deg ee f 4. Tha he i i g a N a e ded b a f
ei e f he i ie ffe ed b hei he alif i g ci c a ce f de ,
e ec i e -a ai ed ic i beca e he ac f b h e f a icide i fa icide
e i he ac f a i c i e ih c i ac .
(People Feliciano, G.R. No. 196735, Ma 5, N e :
2014) 1. H icide i he a f i i g f a
e , hich i ei he a icide, de ,
[LEONEN] The fac ha he d ai ed b i fa icide
he ic i ee ee e ficia a d fa a did 2. C a ed he ic i i i ed;
ega e he iabi i f he acc ed f he i e, a e ed f a ed
a e ed de . I hi ca e, M . Z a aged 3. P e i fi e i
a a a e ed b , ca i g a f ac e i hi a. Wi h e ec ci e f e a
igh ha d i ead f a e ei a d ib i e ce, he e a a a ic a
fa a i hi head. I a ca e, he fac ha he a e ia e f i g he
M.Z a cce f i b c i g he b i h hi a f ac a d h d he agg e
ha d d e , i a d f i e f, ea ha e ib e f a he c e e ce
e de c d ha e ib i ed hi . I he e f
d e ega e a h icida i e . I e ai b. E ide ce f i e i i i a
ha M . X a e ed hi M . Z he head i h i a e ed f a ed h icide
ah b c hi e M . C a d M . L ade eff - I e i i c c i e e ed
e ai M . Z. (Ma a igan De G man . he he ic i die
F en e , G.R. No. 201310, Jan a 11, 2016) - O he i e, i e i be
ed be d ea ab e d b
[LEONEN] Vic i edica ce ifica e be ie hi Ge e a h b he i d f
c ai ha he a a a ed. If he e e ac a ea ed, he a f he
ee e a a ed, he e d be a g ea e ic i b d a hich i a
cha ce ha he ha e bee b ac a d b e ai ed, a d b he d
a e . The C ca be e aded b he i f ic ed
c ai f e e ai f h ica i e ce i he B e f he acc ed a
ab e ce f a a ed h ica i ie he a be c ide ed
ai a f he ic i face a d b d . The e e e f i e i i
Addi i a , he ad i ed ha he i a i c a ib e ih i de ce
ca ed b hi i g hi head he a e e a he eg ige ce
ha b e i i e a ac . (Daa a a . People, N a e ed f a ed
G.R. No. 205745, Ma ch 8, 2017.) h icide h gh i de ce
eg ige ce; c i e d be
Ar . 249. Homicide h ica i ie h gh
A e h , fa i g i hi he i i ec e i de ce
f A ic e 246, ha i a he ih he Accide a H icide i he
a e da ce f a f he ci c a ce a e a H icide h gh
e e a ed i A ic e 248 i de ce eg ige ce;
c i i a iabi i f accide a
h icide
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Accide al H icide i he dea h f a e Ar . 251. Dea h Ca sed in a T m l o s

b gh ab b a a f ac e f ed i h Affra
e ca e a d i , a d ih h icida Whe , hi e e e a e , c i g
i e . g ga i ed f he c e f
a. If i a ga e, e a e i a ed a d dea h a a i g a d a ac i g each he eci ca ,
e ed, he ig ifica ce f he e e ce a e a d a a each he i a c f ed a d
ab e ce f i e i i a f : a e , a d i he c e f he
b. If he e a i e i , i i i e i a aff a e e i i ed, a d: (a) i ca be
h icide a ce ai ed h ac a i ed he decea ed, b
c. If he e a i e i , i i h icide he e e h i f ic ed e i
h gh eg ige ce. h ica i ie ca be ide ified, (b) i a
ca be de e i ed h i f ic ed e i
4. Whe diffe e e i f ic ed he h ica i ie he ic i , b h e h
d hich ca ed he dea h, b h a e ed i e ce he e f he ic i ca be
g i f h icide. ide ified
a. The b de e he i e i each
f he defe da . Ele e :
b. P f f c i ac i ece a . 1. Tha he e be e e a e ;
c. A a ie he i i h hich 2. Tha he did c eg ga i ed
d e e i f ic ed b each e f he c e f a a i g a d
5. U e f ice ed fi ea i h icide (a d i a ac i g each he eci ca ;
he c i e e ) i c ide ed a 3. Tha he e e e a e a e ed a d
agg a a i g ci c a ce a d a e aae a a ed e a he i a c f ed a d
c i e. a e;
4. Tha e e a i ed i he c e f he
U all able e c l a defe e : aff a ;
1. Ref a f ic i be e a ed 5. Tha i ca be a ce ai ed h ac a
2. The fac ha icide b he ic i c c i ed he decea ed; a d
6. Tha he e e h i f ic ed
C Delic i ei h ica i ie h ed i e ce
I a c i e agai e i hich he dea h ca be ide ified
f he ic i i a e e e f he ffe e, he e
be a i fac e ide ce f: Defi i i f T l
1. The fac f dea h, a d T (a ed i A . 153) ea ha he
2. The ide i f he ic i . di ba ce i ca ed b a ea f e
Co p delic i d e efe he b d f he h a e a ed ae ided i h ea f
ic i b he b d f he c i e he ac a i e ce. The e be i f ea d
c i i f he c i e cha ged. i e i a g he e h ed i e ce.
Ar . 250. Penal for Fr s ra ed Parricide, Pe liable:

M rder, or Homicide 1. Pe e h i f ic ed e i
1. C a i e a e a h ica i ie , if ide ifiab e;
deg ee e f f a ed a icide, 2. If i i h i f ic ed e i h ica
de h icide, de A ic e 50. i ie he decea ed, a e h
2. C a i e a e a h ee ed i e ce he e f he ic i
deg ee e f a e ed a icide,
de h icide, de A ic e 51.
3. Thi ei e i i e a da N e :
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1. Whe he e a e ide ified g hich Ar . 253. Gi ing Assis ance o S icide

a a ed each he , he e i A e h ha a i a he
aff a . c i icide, he he he icide a
2. The e i ed eed be a a ici a i c a ed
he aff a .
3. D e a he he e h i f ic ed P i hable Ac :
he fa a d i ; i ha ca e, he 1. A i i g a he c i icide ( ha
c i e i be h icide de A . 249 i , f i hi g he e c i i g
icide i h he ea i hi /he e f),
Ar . 252. Ph sical Inj ries Inflic ed in a he he he icide i c a ed ;
T m l o s Affra a d
Whe i a aff a a efe ed i 2. Le di g a i a ce a he c i
A ic e 251, ei e ei icide he e e f d i g he killi g
h ica i ie a e i f ic ed he hi elf
a ici a a d he e e ib e
he ef ca be ide ified, b h e h N e :
ed i e ce he e f he ic i ca 1. If he icide i c a ed:
be ide ified. a. F he fi i hab e ac : i hab e
b a e a i i edi a d
Ele e : a i ei d ;a d
1. Tha he e i a aff a a efe ed b. F he ec d i hab e ac : e
i he A ic e 251; deg ee e ha ha ided f
2. Tha a a ici a e a ici a c a ed icide
he e f ffe ei h ica i ie 2. A a e c i icide i a ac , b i
h ica i ie f a e ei a e ; i i hab e b a . The e
3. Tha he e e ib e he ef ca a e i gi c i i a iab e.
be ide ified; a d 3. A eg a a h ie c i
4. Tha a h e h a ea ha e ed icide b ea f i i g he e f, b
i e ce he e f he ffe ded i ead f d i g, he fe i he b a
a ae e e ed, i iab e f ab i .
a. I de i c c i i a iabi i f he
N e : e i e ded, e be
1. Pe iab e: h e h ed i e ce c i i g a fe .
he e f he ffe ded a b. U i e i a ab i i i hab e
2. Pe a i be e deg ee e ha ha he i i ca ed b i e ce, b
ided f he h ica i i f ic ed. i i g e e f (A . 257).
3. I ed a be a a ici a f he 4. A i a ce icide i diffe e f ec -
aff a (a ed he i i g. E ha a ia e c - i i g i he
ecedi g a ic e). ac ice f ai e i g dea h a
4. If he e h ca ed h ica i ie he e ffe i g f e i c ab e
ic i i , he i be iab e f he di ea e. I hi ca e, he e d e
h ica i ie ac a c i ed. a die. A d c h e
5. S igh h ica i ie a e i c ded. e ha a ia a be he d iab e f de .
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Ar . 254. Discharge of Firearms ae ga d ae , a he eai e f

A e h ha h a a he i h he chi d, a a ge
a fi ea if he h i g d e a
a e ed, f a ed, c a ed Ele e : (KLA) (3)
de , h icide, a icide, a he 1. Tha a chi d a Killed;
c i e ha i e a highe e a 2. Tha he decea ed chi d a Le ha h ee
da (72 h ) f age; a d
Ele e : (ON) (2) 3. Tha he Acc ed killed he chi d
1. Tha he Offe de di cha ge a fi ea
agai a a he e ;a d N e :
2. Tha he ffe de ha N i e i i ha 1. The chi d be b a i e a d ca ai
e . a i de e de ife he i i i ed.
a. B de f f he ec i
N e : 2. Pe a i ha f ei he a icide de ,
1. The ffe de h a a he i h a de e di g he e a i hi f he acc ed
fi ea ih i e i f i i g hi . i h he ic i
a. The e f he ffe de a be 3. Mi iga i g ci c a ce f c cea i g
i i ida e f igh e he ffe ded di h
a . a. A icab e he he a d
b. If he fi ea i di cha ged a a ae a ga d ae ;a d
e , he ac i i hed de hi b. De i e he be f g d
a ic e. e ai
c. A di cha ge a d he h e f he
ffe ded a , i gi ha a Ar . 256. In en ional Abor ion
f he h e he e e i ide e e, i Wi f i i g f he fe i he e , he
aa de A . 155. i e e i f he fe f he a e a
d. I i fficie ha he g a i i ia b hich e i he dea h f he fe
ai ed a agai he ffe ded a ,
e e if i a i ed a he ffe ded Ele e :
a he i a fi ed. 1. Tha he e i a eg a a ;
e. If he e a i e i , i a be 2. Tha a f he f i g i acc i hed
f a ed a e ed a icide, de , a. i e ce i e e ed he e f
h icide. he eg a a ,
2. E e ia e ha he di cha ge f b. d g be e age a e ad i i e ed
fi ea a di ec ed eci e agai he he a he ac d e, i h
ffe ded a i g i e ce a d i h he c e f
3. If he i ega di cha ge i f ic ei e he,
ei h ica i ie he ffe ded a , c. d g be e age a e ad i i e ed
he e i be a c e c i e f i ega he a he ac d e, i h he
di cha ge f fi ea ih ei e c e ;
ei h ica i ie . 3. Tha a a e f he e f i e ce, d g
be e age b , a he ac f, he
Sec i 2. - I fa icide a d Ab i acc ed, he fe die , ei he i he b
af e ha i g bee e e ed he ef ;a d
Ar . 255. Infan icide 4. Tha he ab i i i e ded.
I fa icide i he i i g f a chi d e ha
h ee da f age, he he he i e i a
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N e : Ar . 258. Abor ion Prac iced b he Woman

1. Fe die, i c a ed ab i ; Herself or b Her Paren s
he i e ( ea i g fe i e ):
a. If he e i a i e i ab , f a ed Ele e :
i e i a ab i ; 1. Tha he e i a eg a a h ha
b. If he e i ch i e i ab , ffe ed a ab i ;
h ica i ie 2. Tha he ab i i i e ded; a d
2. The c i e i i fa icide (a ed 3. ha he ab i i ca ed b
ab i ) if he fe : a. he eg a a he e f;
a. C d ai a i de e de ife, af e b. a he e , i h he c e ;
e aai f he b; a d c. a ic a b a f he a e , i h
b. Die he c e , f he e f
3. The e h i e i a ca ed he c cea i g he di h
ab i i iab e. A f he a :
a. If he e i ed he ac be d e he , N e :
he i be iab e de A . 258; 1. Mi iga i g ci c a ce (a di i g i hed
b. he i e, he i iab e f i fa icide): d e f he e f
c cea i g di h ; onl applicable o he
Ar . 257. Unin en ional Abor ion p egnan oman and no o he pa en f he
A e h ha ca e a ab i b eg a a
i e ce, b i e i a 2. If he e f he a ae a
no c cea di h , he i be iab e f
Ele e : (4) i e i a ab i de A . 256.
1. Tha he e i a eg a a ;
2. Tha i e ce i ed ch eg a Ar . 259. Abor ion Prac iced b a Ph sician
a ih i e di g a ab i ; or Mid ife and Dispensing of Abor i es
3. Tha he i e ce i i e i a e e ed; a d
4. Tha a a e f he i e ce he fe die , Ele e : (4)
ei he i he b af e ha i g bee 1. Tha he e i a eg a a h ha
e e ed he ef ffe ed a ab i ;
2. Tha he ab i i i e ded;
N e : 3. Tha he ffe de , h be a h icia
1. Ca be c i ed b i e ce id ife, ca e , a i i ca i g, he
a. Vi e ce ac a h ica f ce (a ab i ; a d
ed h ea e e ad i i e i g 4. Tha aid h icia id ife a e
f b a ce i h i e i c i ad a age f hi he cie ific edge
ab i ) be ed i
2. I e i a be i fe ed f he c di i
f he eg a a (i.e. he he Ele e a Pha aci : (3)
eg a c i iceab e) 1. Tha he ffe de i a ha aci ;
3. Ma be c i ed h gh i de ce 2. Tha he e i e e ci i f a
4. Ma be c e ed i h h icide a d h icia ;a d
a icide 3. Tha he ffe de di e e a ab i e
5. If he e i i e ca e ab i a d
i e ce c i ed, ab i fa i d N e :
1. The a i g ad a age f cie ific edge
i f he de ci f h a ife
ifie he i ii f he a i
e a .
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2. The ig ifica ce f edge ha he Ar . 261. Challenging o a D el

ab i e d be ed ca e ab i :
a. Wi h ch edge, i hab e P i hable Ac :
de hi a ic e; 1. Cha e gi g a he a d e;
b. Wi h edge, i hab e a a 2. I ci i g a he gi e acce a cha e ge
acc ice i he c i e f ab i ad e;a d
3. N ece a f he ab i e be ac a 3. Sc ffi g a dec i g a he b ic f
ed; he ac c i i g he ffe e i ha i g ef ed acce a cha e ge figh
di e i g he ab i e ih e ad e
e ci i
Pe liable:
Sec i 3 D el 1. Cha e ge , a d
2. I iga
Ar . 260. Responsibili of Par icipan s in a
D el The e be i e i ha e a f a d e (a
ed igh h ea de A . 285, a . 2)
P i hable Ac :
1. Ki i g e ad e a i a d e ; Cha e 2: Ph ical I j ie
2. I f ic i g ch ad e a h ica
i ie ; a d Ci e P i hable:
3. Ma i g a c ba a h gh h ica 1. M iai ;
i ie ha e bee i f ic ed b ei he 2. Se i h ica i ie ;
c ba a he he 3. Ad i i e i g i i b a ce
be e age ;
Pe liable: 4. Le ei h ica i ie ; a d
1. P i ci a e h i ed, i f ic ed 5. S igh h ica i ie a d a ea e .
h ica i ie , hi ad e a , b h
c ba a , i a he ca e N e: T be f dg i f i ai f A ic e 262
2. Acc ice ec d ( e h a e 266, he e be a ecific a ici i e
he e ec i f he a a d fi he he d g agai he h ical i eg i
c di i f he figh ) ell-bei g f a e , a i ca aci a e
a d de i e he ic i f ce ai b dil
N e : f ci . (Villa Man al Lo en o E calona II,
1. A d e i a f a eg a c ba e . al, GR No 178057 & 178080, Decembe 1,
e i c ce ed be ee a ie i 2014) anim s ini riandi
he e e ce f e ec d f
a f age each ide, h a e he Ar . 262. M ila ion
e ec i f a a d fi a he he A e h ha i e i a ia e
c di i f he figh . a he b de i i g hi , ei he a
2. In en o kill i di ega ded he e a ia , f e e e ia ga f
h ica i ie e . Pe a i be ha f e d ci
h ica i ie , a ed h e
i ed f f a ed/a e ed h icide. T (2) Ki d :
(2 d a ag a h f he i i ) 1. Ca a i : I e i a i a i g a he
b de i i g hi , a a ia , f e
e e ia ga f e d ci
2. Ma he he i e i a iai :
I e i a a i g he i a i , i.e.
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i g, c i i g ff a a f he b d f c. bec e i ca aci a ed f he i
he ffe ded a , he ha he e e ia hich he had bee habi a e gaged;
ga f e d c i , de i e hi f ha 3. Whe he i ed e
a f hi b d a. bec e def ed,
The e be i e iae ffe de b. e a he e be f hi b d ,
ha e he i e i f de i i g he ffe ded a c. e he e he e f,
f a a f hi b d . If he e ch i e i , d. bec e i i ca aci a ed f he
he c i e i be c ide ed a e i h ica ef a ce f he i hich he had
i ie . bee habi a e gaged i f e ha
90 da ; a d
Ph ical I j ie di i g i hed f he 4. Whe he i ed e bec e i
ci e i ca aci a ed f ab f e ha 30 da
1. A e ed F a ed H icide (b e ha 90 da ).
a. A e ed h icide a be c i ed,
e e if h ica i ie a e i f ic ed; Pa ag a h 1
a d 1. I e c i c de i abi i c ae a d
b. I e i i e e i he c i e f e ii ; i e de i e he e f
h ica i ie . ch abi i ie , h e e (a ed
2. M i a i ca a i ); a d
a. I e i c i ff e a f he 2. C ee bi d e (a ed
b d i e e i iai . a ag a h 2 fa e e )
Ar . 263. Serio s Ph sical Inj ries Pa ag a h 2 ( e i i ci a e be f he

H c i ed: b d )
1. W di g; 1. L f e hea f b h ea (a
2. Bea i g; ed a ag a h 3 f e ea
3. A a i g );
2. L f e f ha d i ca aci f a
Ele e : (3) be e a e ; Thi be
1. The ffe de ha ded, bea e , e b c ea a d c c i e e ide ce;
a a ed a he ; 3. The ffe ded a ha e a a ca i
2. The h ica i ie i f ic ed ha ha e a he i e f he i [a i
ca ed he i e i ca aci f ab f a ag a h (3)];
he i ed e f e ha 30 da ; a. W i c de die e aai f
3. The e be i e i he a f a fe i ; a d
he ffe de i i f ic i g he i (Pila e S . b. I ca aci i f a ce ai i d f
. People, GR No 165685, Ma ch 12, 2007) ,b f a
Se i Ph ical I j ie A e: Pa ag a h 3
1. Whe he i ed e bec e i a e, 1. Def i ea h ica gi e ,
i beci e, i e bi da ac e e ce e a e a d defi i g ab ai . I
f he h ica i ie i f ic ed; be c ic a d i ib e (i.e., de e di g
2. Whe he i ed e ha a f he b d );
a. e he e f eech he e a. If ca i a c e ed, he i
hea e , c ide ed c ic i ib e;
b. e a e e, a ha d, f , a eg, b. L f ee h a be c ide ed a
e he e f a ch e be , def i ;
c. I be ha hich ca be
e ai ed b he ac i f a e;
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EXCEPTIONS: d e / e a d i e ige ce i a i e i a fe . The

chi d e ;(Re e , Book T o, p. 586, ci ing c i i f he ac d e , i i e f,
People . Bal ba ) a ea a g i e hi i e i a e.
2. L f fi ge a fa de a ag a h 2 if (Villa eal . People, G.R. No. 151258,
i e i he f he e f he ha d Feb a 1, 2012)
i e f; a d
3. C e a e be hich i a i ci a Ar . 264. Adminis ering Inj rio s S bs ances
e be f he b d . or Be erages
A e h , ih i e i , i f ic
Pa ag a h 4 a he a ei h ica i , b
1. A i d f ab i i c ded; i g ad i i e i g hi a i i
2. H iai ai f e ha 30 da a b a ce be e age b a i g
ea ei he i e i ca aci f ab f ad a age f hi ea e f i d c ed i
e ha 30 da ;
3. The e be e ide ce f he e g h f Ele e :
ei d f i e i ca aci he he 1. Tha he ffe de i f ic ed a he
ca eg f he ffe e i ei h ica e a Se i h ica i ;
i ie . The ab e ce he e f a e he 2. Tha i a d e b K i g ad i i e i g
ffe e igh h ica i ie ; a d hi a i i b a ce be e age
4. Le e i g f efficie c i i b a i g ad a age f hi ea e f
i ca aci . i d c ed i ; a d
3. He had N i e i
Q alified Se i Ph ical I j ie
1. I e a i e e e a ed i a icide N e :
(A . 246) a d ci c a ce e i ed i 1. Ad i i e i g ea i d ci g i he
de (A . 248) highe e a ie i be b d .
i f ic ed. 2. If he e i i e i ,i i f a ed de
2. D e i c de i ie ca ed b he i i b a ce be c ide ed a
e ce i e cha i e e fa ae hi i .
chi d 3. K edge a ie he i i a e f
he b a ce be e age.
N e : 4. B a i g ad a age f hi ea e f
1. I ca be c i ed b ec e i de ce, i d c ed i a a e ace i he ca e
b i ei de ce eg ige ce. f i chc af , hi e , ag e i a d he i e.
2. The e be i e i ; he i e, he
ci e d be f a ed/a e ed de , Ar . 265. Less Serio s Ph sical Inj ries
a icide, h icide. A e h ha i f ic a he
3. Medica a e da ce i i a i h ica i ie de c ibed i he ecedi g
ei h ica i ie . a ic e , b hich ha i ca aci a e he
4. I ca e f h ica i ie de he Re i ed ffe ded a f ab f e da e,
Pe a C de, he e be a ecific anim ha e i e edica a e da ce f he a e
ini iandi a ici i e i d g e i d, ha be g i f e ei h ica
agai he h ica i eg i e -bei g f i ie
a e a i ca aci a e a d de i e
he ic i f ce ai b di f c i . Wi h Ele e : (I-NP) (2)
f be d ea ab e d b f he 1. Tha he ffe ded a i I ca aci a ed f
e i ed anim ini iandi, he e ac f ab eed edica a e da ce f 10
i f ic i g h ica i ie e e ee
a i fie he e e e f f eed a d
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da e (b e ha 30 da ); 2. Ph ica i ie hich did e e he

a d ffe ded a f e gagi g i hi habi a
2. Tha he h ica i ie N be h e hich did e ie edica
de c ibed i he P ecedi g a ic e a e da ce (e . b ac e e); a d
3. I - ea e f a he b deed i h
Q alified Le Se i Ph ical I j ie ca i g a i (e . a i g he face
1. Fi e e ceedi g 50,000, i addi i ih ca i g di h )
A e Ma (Amended b RA 10951), N e :
he 1. P e i
a. The e i a a ife i e i a. I he ab e ce f fa he e i d
ffe d he i ed e , f he ffe ded a i ca aci f
b. The e ae ci c a ce addi g ab f he e i ed edica
ig i he ffe e a e da ce, he c i e c i ed i
e ed a igh h ica i ie .
[a. and b. a e c ide ed a - b. Whe he e i e ide ce e ab i h
1. O di a agg a a i g ci c a ce i he g a i d ai f ac a i
e ei h ica i ie ; a d h he ca a e a i hi dea h,
2. E e e f a de b deed, he he ffe e i igh h ica i ie .
igh h ica i ie e ] 2. S e e i g E e
a. Whe he cha ge c ai ed i he
2. A highe e a , he he ic i i ei he - i f ai fi ed a f igh h ica
a. The ffe de a e , a ce da , i ie beca e i a be ie ed ha he
g a dia , c a eache ; d ffe ed d e i e edica
b. Pe f a e i a h i , a e da ce f eigh (8) da , b
ided he c i e i di ec a a d i g e i i a i e iga i i a
N e : f d ha he hea i g d e ie
1. Medica a e da ce i ca aci f ab i e ha hi (30) da , hi
e i ed. The e be f a he e e i g e e ca i be he b ec
e i d f e i ed edica a e da ce. fa e d e f he i f ai fa
2. E e if he e a i ca aci b he e cha ge, i h aci g he acc ed
edica ea e a f e ha 10 da i d b e e a d .(People . Manolong,
- e ei h ica i ie 85 Phil. 829)
3. If i ie hea i hi 30 da - e ei
h ica i ie ; Cha e 3: Ra e
if i ie hea af e 30 da - e i
h ica i ie (a i e f e ha 30 A . 266-A. Ra e; 266-B. Pe al ie
da )
4. Whe he e i i ca aci f ab Ra e B Se al I e c e (U de Pa a. 1):
edica a e da ce eeded - igh h ica Ele e f Ra e B Se al I e c e (M-
i ie C-A) (3)
1. The ffe de i a Ma i ge e a ;
Ar . 266. Sligh Ph sical Inj ries and 2. The ffe de had Ca a edge f a
Mal rea men a ;
3. S ch Ac i acc i hed (a e f he
Th ee (3) ki d : f i g) -: FIT-D-M-U (4)
1. Ph ica i ie hich i ca aci a ed he a. Th gh F ce, Th ea I i ida i ;
ffe ded a f ab f e i e (9) b. he he ffe ded a i De i ed f
da e i ed edica a e da ce d i g ea he i e c ci ;
he a e e i d;
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c. b ea f f a d e Machi a i e. ic i i a e igi e gaged i egi i a e

g a e ab e f a h i ; e igi ca i ca i g a d i
d. he he ffe ded a i U de 12 e a be ch b he
ea f age ( a a e) i ffe de bef e a he i e f he
de e ed, e e h gh e f he c i i f he c i e;
ci c a ce e i ed ab e be f. ic i i a chi d be 7 ea d;
e e g. ffe de he i aff ic ed i h HIV
AIDS a he e a a i ib e
Pe al ie i ed Ra e B Se al di ea e a d he i i a i ed he
I ec e (P a R.A. 9346: Ac ic i ;
P hibi i g he I ii f Dea h Pe a i he h. ffe de i a e be f he AFP, a a-
Phi i i e , he e a f ec i e e a iia i he e f, he PNP, a
ih e igibi i f a e ha be i ed, i a e f ce e age c e a
ie f dea h e a ) i i i , he he ffe de
1. ec i e e a; ad a age f hi ii faci i a e he
2. ec i e e a dea h he : c i i f he c i e;
a. a e i c i ed i h he e f a i. b ea cca i f he a e, he
dead ea b e ic i ffe ed e a e h ica
e ; iai di abi i ;
b. ic i beca e i a e b ea he j. he ffe de e f he eg a c f he
cca i f a e; ffe ded a a he i e f he
c. he a e i a e ed a d a h icide i c i i f he c i e; a d
c i ed b ea he cca i k. he ffe de e f he e a di abi i ,
he e f. e i a di de a d/ h ica
3. dea h he : ha dica f he ffe ded a a he i e
a. b ea cca i f he f he c i i f he c i e
(f a ed c a ed) a e,
h icide i c i ed; Ra e Th gh Se al A a l (U de Pa a. 2)
b. ic i i de 18 ea d a d ffe de Ele e : (S-I-1) (3)
i : 1. he ffe de ( a a )c i a ac
i. a e , f Se a a a ;
ii. a ce da , 2. he ac i c i ed b I e i g:
iii. e - a e , a. hi e i i a he e ' h
iv. g a dia be a e h a a ifice;
ha a ega e a i hi i h hi a d. b. a i e b ec i he ge i a
(People Vi gilio An onio Ri e a, a a ifice f a he e ;
GR No. 208623, J l 23, 2014), 3. he ac i c i ed de a f he
v. e a i e b c a g i i affi i ci c a ce e i ed de a ag a h 1
i hi he 3 d ci i deg ee, (FIT-D-M-U)
vi. c a e f ic i
ae ; Pe al ie i ed Ra e b Se al A a l
c. ic i i de he c d f he ice 1. P i i a i ge e a ;
iia a h i ie a a 2. P i i a ec i e a he :
e f ce e e a i i i ; a. he e a e f dead ea ,
d. a e i c i ed i f ie f he b. c i ed b e e ;
e, a e a f he chi d e 3. Rec i e a he he ic i ha
he e a i e i hi he 3 d ci i deg ee bec e i a e;
fc a g i i ; 4. Rec i e a ec i e e a
a ei a e ed a d h icide i c i ed;
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5. Rec i e e a h icide i c i ed g. [LEONEN] The ab e f a i f e ce

b ea cca i f ( he f a ed i he i i ida i e i ed i a e
c a ed) a e; a d c i ed b he c - a fa he f a
6. Rec i e a c i ed i h a f i . (People . ZZZ, G.R. No. 229862,
he e agg a a i g ci c a ce J ne 19, 2019)
e i ed i hi a ic e ( e e b. . f h. [LEONEN] The ic i eed c ai
he dea h i i ed i a e h gh i edia e gg e e he
e a i ec e) ac i f he ffe de i a a e ca e,
i ce, fi , fea i ec g i ed a a
The f ci c a ce : egi i a e de e e f gg i g
1. U i g f ce i i ida i ; he deg ee agai , a d ha ( ec d), i ce he a
fficie e c e e i a ce: he c a fa he f he ic i , he
a. Acc di g People . La Pi a , J . had a a ce da c a d ab ed hi
(G.R. No. 133444, Feb a 20, 2002), a h i b d i g ch ac i . (People .
he e i he he ea ab e fea i Gac an, G.R. 207776, Ap il 26, 2017)
d ced i he i d f he ic i ; he e i. I i ida i i add e ed he i d f
e i a ce d be f i e, ffe i g e he ic i . I i b ec i e a d i
a a d e a c e . e e ce ca be e ed b a ha d-
b. Ve ba ef a a e i d ; he e a d-fa e, b be ie ed i he
be a h ica gg e ha igh f he ic i e ce i a d
a ife a d e aci . (People . Lago, dg e a he i e f he c i e.
G.R. No. 121272, J ne 6, 2001) (People. Mo ale , GR No 125937,
c. The f ce eed be i e i ib e; f ce A g 28, 1998).
i e ce ece a i e a i e, 2. Offe ded a i de i ed f ea
de e di g he age, i e, a d e g h he i e c ci :
f he a ie a d hei e a i each a. De i a i eed be c e e;
he . b. I e c e i h a deaf- e a i
d. I i ece a ha he f ce be c ide ed a e if he a
i i ida i e ed be g ea f e be a i beci e.
ch cha ac e a c d be e i ed; c. N c ide ed a e he e c e i
i i ece a ha he f ce i d ced b he ad i i a i f
i i ida i be fficie c ae d g /i , hich i ci e he ic i
he e hich he acc ed had i a i a dd e de i e he f i
i d. e (Re e , Book T o, p. 586, ci ing
e. I i ida i e gh ha i d ce S a e . L ng)
fea i he ic i ; be ie ed i igh 3. B ea ffa d e achi a i ga e
f he ic i e ce i a d dg e a ab e f a h i ; a d
he i e f a e. 4. Whe he ffe ded a i de 12 ea f
f. M a a ce da c i f e ce ha bee age i de e ed, e e h gh e f he
he d be a b i e f i i ida i , i he ci c a ce be e e (S a
a g i e f ca e . [People . Dicho on, a e).
G.R. No. 118986-89, Feb a 19, 2001; a. C e a d cha ac e (e.g. i e) f
People . Ba ona, G.R. No. 133343-44, he ffe ded a i i a e ia .
Ma ch 2, 2000; People . Pani e, 316 b. [LEONEN] I i a ca ed a a e
SCRA 757 (1999); People . Pe e , 307 a "i de a f he a de f
SCRA 276 (1999)] I ch a ca e, i i c i i g a e." I i e gh ha he
ece a ha he ic i a age f he ic i i e a d ha he e
de e i ed e i a ce. a e a i ec e. (People .
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F ancica, G.R. No. 208625, Sep embe ca a edge f he ffe ded a ,

6, 2017) b hich a c a ed d e
c. I i i a e ia ha he ec i fai ed e ca e accide he ha hi
a ege i he i f ai he e ac da e a e de i a ce.
f he c i i f he ffe e . I i b. The e be i e ha e ca a
fficie ha i a a eged ha he edge f he a agai he i .
ic i a de 12 ea f age he c. The e ca be f a ed a e beca e
he c i e a c i ed. (People a e e ai f he fe a e ga i
Ma ciano Dollano, J ., GR No 188851, fficie .
Oc obe 19, 2011)
d. The e de e ed efe a e N e :
h ha de e ia, hich i a c di i 1. H icide c i ed b ea f (i.e., i
f de e i a ed e a i , cha ac e i ed he c e f beca e f ) a e i a
b a ed dec i e f he i di id a ecia c e c i e.
f e i e ec a e e a d f e b a. Ra e c e bef e i e i
e i a a a h , ad e , i a i . ac f i i g.
e. [LEONEN] The ffe de e gaged i b. D e a he he i e i
e a i ec e e e h gh he e i i g ac eceded he a e ac (i.e.,
f e ha he chi d a e a i he ic i a he i f dea h
a d a de i ed f ea . (People . he he a a aged).
Co p , G.R. No. 208013, J l 3, 2017) c. I c de dea h f ic i h gh STD
f. [LEONEN] C di i de A ic e 266- gi e b he acc ed h a ed he .
A h d be c ed i he igh f e' (Re e , Book T o, p.592)
ca aci gi e c e . A i e ec a 2. H icide c i ed " he cca i f he
di ab ed e i ece a i a e" - i i g ha cc i edia e bef e
de i ed f ea de e ed. The af e , d i g he c i i i e f f he
ic i ch gica age igh be e a e, he e he ic i f he h icide a
12 ea d b he e a age a be a e he ha he a e ic i he e f
ed be e ha 12- ea - d. f a g a he i i g i i ed he a e.
(People . Ta aban, G.R. No. 207666, 3. [LEONEN] The e e e f he ecial
No embe 22, 2017). c le c i e f a e i h h icide a e
he f i g:
T age : (Ra e d e ad i f a f a ed a. he a e a had ca a edge f a
age) a ;
1. C a ed b. he ca a edge f a a a
a. Pe e a i i ece a ; achie ed b ea f f ce, h ea
b. I i e e ia ha he e be a c ee i i ida i ; a d
e e ai f he fe a e ga ; ei he c. b ea cca i f ch ca a
i i e e ia ha he e be a e f edge b ea f f ce, h ea
he h e . i i ida i , he a e a i ed a
c. I i e gh ha he abia a a be a . (People . ZZZ, G.R. No.
e e a ed, e e he igh e . 228828, J l 24, 2019)
d. The e i eed be e ec ; i i i 4. Cha ac e f he a i i a e ia .
c ide ed a e if he acc ed 5. Te i f ic i a e i e gh f
e ea ed ied i e he e i i he c ic i .
agi a, e e if i ai . a. [LEONEN] The ic i a ab e
2. A e ed ec he e e ie ce i a
a. The ffe de ha a ead ef ed aigh f a d, a e , a d
e ac i h he i e i ha e be ie ab e a e , ega d e f he
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e a c di i , a hi d e he ffe de , b h f hich ch be a eged

de e i e he he he e i i i he i f ai , ega d e if he
c edib e . (People . Q in o , G.R. ea i hi a e d i g ia . (People
No. 199402, No embe 12, 2014). . A modia, G.R. 210654, J ne 7, 2017)
6. Fi ge c a " b ec " de a e 10. S ee hea defe e i a affi a i e defe e
h gh e a a a ha be ed b c i ci g f.
7. I de i a d Da age E ide ce ch a a e e e,a e e ,
a. A a di g f Ph 50,000 a i de i i e e a i ge h g a h b a ia e he
a da fi di g f he fac f c ai ha he had a a ic e a i hi
a e; a d h d be e e ed.
b. M a da age a be a a ica 11. Each f he e e a i c i e e aae
a a ded i a e ca e ih eed f a d di i c ac f a e. H e e , i Aa on
f. (2002), he C c ic ed he acc ed f
8. M i e Ra e e c f a e de i e he h ee
a. Each ffe de i e ib e f cce f e e ai beca e he e a
he a e he e a c i ed, b i dica i ha he acc ed decided
a f h ec i ed b he he . c i e a a e a d di i c ac f e a
b. Each a d e e a e a eged be a a he ha hi f de i e cha ge
e . ii i ide he he e he c i e
c. I he ca e f People Aa on, he a c i ed.
acc ed i e ed hi e i i he 12. The ac f c ii g i e i f he
ic i ' agi a; he he i hd e i a d g e he agi a f a a i a e
de ed he a e ie d he f , h gh e a a a . (People Bonaag a,
a df he ec d i e, he i e ed hi GR No 188897, J ne 6, 2011)
e i i he ic i agi a; he eaf e , 13. A edica e a i a i f he ic i i a
he acc ed c a ded he ic i ie ee e f a e. (People Rico Jamlan
ea he headb a d a d f he hi d i e, Salem, GR No 118946, Oc obe 16, 1997)
he i e ed hi e i i he ic i 14. [LEONEN] I a e ca e , i e c a a
agi a. The acc ed a c ic ed f defe e be e i h ce ai
ec f a e de i e he h ee e c e he e i i fa f
cce f e e ai beca e he e i e c (People . ZZZ, G.R. No. 229209,
i dica i ha he acc ed decided Feb a 12, 2020).
c i e a a e a d di i c ac f 15. [LEONEN] The ab e ce f e e a ig
e a a a . The e a a f h ica i ie he c ai a b d
de i e cha ge ii . d e ece a i ega i e c i i f
d. I he ca e f People Manoli o L cena he a e, h e a ace a i bei g,
Vela e , he acc ed cceeded i e ea , a e e e f he c i e f a e.
i e i g hi e i i he ic i ' (People . B clao, G.R. No. 208173, J ne 11,
agi a. The h ee e e a i cc ed 2014) The f e c ide a i i he
e af e he he a a i e a f fi e ec i f a e i he ic i ' e i
i e he ei he acc ed d e . a d he fi di g f he edic - ega
F hi e f fac , he acc ed a ffice . (People . A ia, G.R. No. 210568,
c ic ed f h ee c f a e a i ca No embe 08, 2017)
be i fe ed ha he acc ed decided 16. [LEONEN] The C e i he d, in
c i h e e a a e a d di i c ac People . So ia, ha a ic i eed ide if
f e a a a . ha a i e ed i hi he ge i a
9. [LEONEN] Q a ified a e ha i a a ifice f he c fi d ha a e
e i ie (1) he ic i ' age f i i h gh e a a a a c i ed.
( de 18 ea ) a d (2) he e a i hi f
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(Ricalde . People, G.R. No. 211002, Jan a A . 266-D. P e i

21, 2015)
E ide ce hich a be acce ed
G idi g P i ci le i he c i e f Ra e 1. A h ica e ac a ife i g e i a ce
(People A ade, GR No 188561, Jan a 15, agai he ac f a e i a deg ee f he
2010): ffe ded a
1. A acc a i f a e ca be ade i h 2. Ci c a ce h i g he ffe ded a
faci i ; hi e he acc a i i diffic be i a ed a e de hi /he i ca ab e
e, i i e e e diffic f he acc ed, f gi i g c e .
h gh i ce , di e.
2. C ide i g ha , i he a e f hi g , Plea e ee SPL e ie e on:
e ae a i ed i he c i e 1. R.A. 9262 An i Violence Again Women
f a e, he e i f he c ai a and Child en Ac
be c i i ed i h e e e ca i . 2. R.A. 9775 An i Child Po nog aph Ac of
3. The e ide ce f he ec i a d 2009
fa i e i , a d ca be 3. R.A. 8049 An i-Ha ing La
a ed da e ghf he ea e 4. R.A. 7610 Special P o ec ion of Child en
f he e ide ce f he defe e. Again Child Ab e, E ploi a ion And
Di c imina ion Ac
A . 266-C. Effec f Pa d . Effec f Ma iage 5. R.A. 9344 J enile J ice And Welfa e Ac
of 2006
N e : 6. P.D. 603 Child And Yo h Welfa e Code
1. Ma iage e i g i he he e a
ac i b i e i e he e a i ed, a d e d f ic
a he i ci a . Si ce a e ha
cea ed be a c i e agai cha i a d i H. CRIMES AGAINST PERSONAL LIBERTY
a c i e agai e ,i a ea AND SECURITY
ha a iage e i g i he ha e a ac i Cha e 1: C i e agai Libe
a d he e a a he i ci a (i.e.,
h ba d) a d a he acc ice a d Sec i 1. Illegal De e i
acce ie .
2. A a h e e a e hi ife i h he Ar icle 267. Kidnapping and Serio s Illegal
c e agai he i c i e a De en ion
i e ce agai he . Be ide , a h ba d A i a e i di id a h ha id a
h fee agg ie ed b hi i diffe e de ai a he , i a he a e de i e
i e e ed ife ab e ef a hi f hi ibe
e gage i e a i i ac a ega ee
he c i e e i dec a e he
Ele e : (P-K-I-F) (4)
ch gica i ca aci a ed f fi a
1. Tha he ffe de i a P i a e i di id a ;
e e ia a ia b iga i . B he ca
2. Tha he Kid a de ai a he , i a
a d h d de a d e a i i ac f
he a e de i e he a e f ibe ;
he c e ci e i e . (People
3. Tha he ac f de e i id a i g
J ma an, GR No 187495, Ap il 21, 2014)
be I ega ; a d
4. Tha i he c i i f he ffe e, a f
he f i g ci c a ce a e e e (3-S-
S-M)
a. The id a i g/de e i a f e ha
3 da ,
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ATENEO CENTRAL
b. c i ed b Si a i g b ic a h i , he f ci c a ce e e a ed i
c. a Se i h ica i ie a e i f ic ed e e e (4) a e e e .
he e id a ed de ai ed 5. [LEONEN] The e e e f id a i g f
h ea i hi a e ade, a e e e i hi ca e.
d. he e id a ed de ai ed i a Mi a. The acc ed a e i a e e ,
(e ce if a e i he ffe de ), fe a e b. The e id a ed i de i ed f
a b ic ffice ibe ,
If a f he e a e e e , de e i c. Tha e a a e de ai ed
bec e e i a d e f de e i i agai hi /he i ,
i a e ia d. ch id a i g a i ega a f ,
a d
Dea h i i ed i he f ll i g i a ce : e. he id a i g a d e i c ide a i
[b dea h e al i ii i e ded] f a a a a e f e ea e.
1. if id a i g i c i ed f he e f (People . A ancena, G.R. 200512, J ne
e i g a ei he f he ic i f 7, 2017)
a he e , e e if e f he 6. E e ia ha he e be ac a c fi e e
af e e i ed ci c a ce a e e e i e ic i f he e f he ffe ded a
he c i i f he ffe e; a d 7. De e i i i ega he de ed b
2. he he ic i i i ed die a a c ee a h i e i ed b a .
c e e ce f he de e i i a ed 8. De e i f e ha 3 da ece a
i b ec ed e deh a i i g ac he a f he he ci c a ce a e
e e
N e : 9. S ecial c le c i e f kid a i g i h
1. I i e ha f id a i g a e ace, i i de h icide he e he e
ece a ha he ic i be aced i a id a ed i i ed i he c e f he
e c e; ei he i i ece a ha he de e i , ega d e f he he he i i g
de e i be ged e a e . a e gh a ee a
H e e , he e e ce f id a i g i he af e h gh .
ac a de i a i f he ic i ' ibe 10. Whe a e died f a a ca e (hea
c ed i h i d bi ab e f f he i e f a ac ) he cca i f id a i g, he
he acc ed effec ch de i a i . id a e ae g i f id a i g i h
(People . Obe o,G.R. No. 152285, Oc obe h icide. (People . Mon ani , G.R. No.
24, 2003) 187534, Ap il 4, 2011)
2. The ic i ac f c e i a a 11. Whe de a d kid a i g
f da e a e e e f id a i g a d a. he he ic i i a e f e ace
ei i ega de e i . The i ai e a he e f he e f i i g
f he ei e a d de e i i he e hi , he c i e c i ed i de .
e e ce f he c i e. A h gh he ic i b. If i a a d i a e ei i ,
a ha e i ce a c e ed g ih a d de e i a i cide a .
he ffe de a ace b he ic i i c. S ecific i e i de e i a i e f
he eaf e e e ed, i h he e f f ce, he he he c i e c i ed i de
f ea i g he ace he e he a b gh id a i g.
i h hi c e a d i de ai ed agai hi d. M be a eged i i f ai a d
i , he ffe de i g i f id a i g a d e b ec i .
ei i ega de e i . (People . Pick ell 12. [LEONEN] RA 7055, Sec. 1 ide ha if
G.R. No. 120409, Oc obe 23, 2003) he acc ed i a e be f he AFP a d he
3. Ac a de a d f a i ece a . ci e i ed i e i hed de he
4. Whe de e i i f e f e i g RPC, ci i c ha ha e he a h i
a ,i i ece a ha e a f hea , , a d decide he ca e. E cep ion:
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c - a ia a a e i dic i if, he f i he he ace f he e e a i f

bef e a aig e , he ci i c de e i e he de e i ;
ha he ffe e i " e ice-c ec ed." 3. Tha he ac f de e i id a i g
(O o io . Na e a, G.R. No. 223272 be I ega ; a d
(Re ol ion), Feb a 26, 2018) 4. Tha he c i e i c i ed Wi h he
13. [LEONEN] A h gh he c i e f id a i g a e da ce f a f he ci c a ce
ca be c i ed b a i a e i di id a , e e a ed i A . 267
he fac ha he acc ed i a b ic fficia P i ileged Mi iga i g Ci c a ce (V l a
d e a a ica ec de he fi i g f Relea e): If he ffe de :
a i f ai f id a i g agai hi . A 1. a i e ea e he e id a ed
b ic ffice h de ai a e f he de ai ed i hi 3 da f he
e fe i g a ca be aid c e ce e f he de e i ;
be ac i g i a fficia ca aci . I i ,i 2. ih ha i g a ai ed he e
fi e, i e a i hei ffice, b i e i e ded; a d
i a e ca aci . (People . Bo ja, G.R. No. 3. bef e he i i i fci i a ceedi g
199710, A g 2, 2017) agai hi
Illegal De en ion and Arbi rar De en ion, N e l a elea e:

Dis ing ished 1. The h ee e i i e c c .
ILLEGAL   ARBITRARY 2. M be h b he ffe de ha he a i
DETENTION DETENTION a ii g he de e i f e
C i ed b a C i ed b a ha 3 da a d e he e ea ed he e
i a e i di id a h b ic ffice de ai ed /i ha i e
a f id a , e ee h ha 3. V a e ea e c ide ed i i eged
de ai he i e d de a i iga i g if he ic i i a a
de i e a e f de ai a e b (c ide ed e i i ega de e i )
ibe h de ai a e
ih ega g d Ar . 269. Unla f l Arres
Ci e i agai C i e i agai he A e h , i a ca e he ha h e
e a ibe a d f da e a a f a h i ed b a , ih ea ab e
ec i he S a e g d he ef , ha a e de ai a he
f he e f de i e i g hi he e
H e e , if ch b ic ffice ha no d a h i ie
de ai a e (e.g. a i a i ec ce )
a d he de ai a e , he i iab e f I ega Ele e : (AD-A-N) (3)
De e i . 1. Tha he ffe de A e De ai a he
e ;
Ar . 268. Sligh Illegal De en ion 2. Tha he e f he ffe de i de i e
A i a e i di id a h ha c i he hi he e A h i ie ; a d
c i e de c ibed i A ic e 267 i h he 3. Tha he a e de e i i N a h i ed
a e da ce f a f he ci c a ce b a he e i ea ab e g d
e e a ed he ei he ef .
N e :
Ele e : (P-W-D-I) (4)
1. Offe de i a e . Ei he a b ic ffice
1. Tha he ffe de i a P i a e e ;
i a e i di id a a be iab e.
2. Tha he id a De ai a he i a
2. P b ic ffice ei he :
he a e de i e he ic i f ibe
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a. ha a h i a e de ai a Ele e : (E-D) (2)

e 1. Tha he ffe de i E ed i h he
b. ha ac ed i hi fficia ca aci c d fa i e ;a d
3. A e / de e i efe a a e 2. Tha he De ibe a e fai e e he aid
a e . i hi a e
Unla f l Arres and Arbi rar De en ion,
Dis ing ished N e :
UNLAWFUL   ARBITRARY 1. Thi a a be c i ed b he he
ARREST DETENTION fa he f he chi d. Whe c i ed b a
C i ed b a C i ed b a ae , e a i a e a .
e b ic ffice 2. E e ia e e e hich a ifie he c i e:
e ee h ha ffe de i e ed i h he c d f he
d de a i
de ai a e
A e ade f he a e e a f Kidnapping & Fail re o Re rn a minor and
e f de i e i g a f a e Kidnapping & Serio s Illegal De en ion  (Ar .
he a e he e 267), Dis ing ished
a h i ie KIDNAPPING AND KIDNAPPING AND
The a e i The e i ega FAILURE TO SERIOUS ILLEGAL
a h i ed b a g df he a e RETURN A MINOR DETENTION
he e i ega Offe de i e ed Offe de i
g d f he a e i h he c d f e ed i h he
he ic i c d f he ic i
[LEONEN] X a d Y e e e ec i e Ba a ga Offe de i hed f Offe de i hed f
Kaga ad a d Ba a ga Ta d. S i g he de ibe a e fai i g igh a i g
e be f C e a i e Z, X a d Y h gh a e e he i c d f/de ai i g
hef a bei g c i ed. The f he c ai ha hi /he he i
e f he e be had a i e b , hich a e /g a dia
ed he a e he e be he ice
a i . The e be ee b e e Ar . 271. Ind cing a Minor o Abandon his
e ea ed i h he Chief f P ice de e i i g ha Home
X a d Y had ega ba i a e he a e . X A e h ha i d ce a i aba d
a d Y ae g i f a f a e . The ac f he h e f hi a e g a dia he
c d c i g he a ehe ded e he e e ed i h hi c d
e a h i ie a e he ffe e f he
c i e f i ega de e i . (D opan . People, Ele e : (L-I) (2)
G.R. No. 230825, J ne 10, 2020) 1. Tha he i i Li i g i he h e f hi
ae g a dia he e e ed
Sec i 2. Kid a i g f Mi i h hi c d ;a d
2. Tha he ffe de I d ce he i
Ar . 270. Kidnapping and Fail re o Re rn A aba d ch h e
Minor
A e h , bei g e ed i h he N e :
c d fa i e , ha de ibe a e 1. I d ce e be ac a , c i ed i h
fai e e he a e hi ae c i i a i e , a d de e i ed b a i
g a dia ca e da age.
2. The i h d ea e hi h e f hi
f ee i .
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3. T i d ce i i f e ce, e ai , 3. Tha i i de he P e e f ei b i g
e b e a i , i ci e b i e . hi e f f a deb i c ed b a a ce da ,
4. The i eed ac a aba d hi g a dia e e ed i h he
h e he h e f he g a dia . Me e c d f ch i
c i i f a ac hich e d
i f e ce, e ade e ai a i N e:
aba d hi h e i ha c i e he I deb ed e i ag df de e i .
c i e.
5. Mi iga ed if c i ed b he fa he he Ar . 274. Ser ices Rendered Under
f he ic i a ie A . 270 a d 271 Comp lsion in Pa men of Deb
A e h ,i de e i e e f ce
Sec i 3. Sla e a d Se i de he a e f a deb , ha c e he deb
f hi , agai hi i ,a h eh d
Ar . 272. Sla er e a fa ab e
A e h ha cha e, e , id a
de ai a h a bei g f he e f Ele e : (C-A-P) (3)
e a i g hi , i c di g b i i ed f 1. Tha he ffe de C e a deb
e f a ig i g he ffe ded a f hi , ei he a h eh d e a fa
ei a affic ab e ;
2. Tha i i Agai he deb i ;a d
Ele e : (PSKD-E) (2) 3. Tha he P ei e ie e f ce he
1. Tha he ffe de P cha e , Se , Kid a a e f a deb .
De ai a h a bei g; a d
2. Tha he e f he ffe de i E a e N e:
ch h a bei g. Deb -C edi eai hi e i ;
he i e, he c i e c i ed i c e ci .
Q alif i g ci c a ce if he e i
ei a affic (e . P i i ); effec i Ser ices rendered nder comp lsion in
i e he e a i he a i e i d. pa men of deb and E ploi a ion of Child
N e : Labor, Dis ing ished
1. The e be e a e he ic i ; SERVICES
he i e, i i id a i g i ega de e i . RENDERED UNDER EXPLOITATION OF
2. S a e idi g e ice ih COMPULSION IN CHILD LABOR
e eai ha e e . (Re e . Alojado, PAYMENT OF DEBT
G.R. No. L-5671, A g 24, 1910) D e di i g i h
he he he ic i i a Vic i i a i
Ar . 273. E ploi a ion of Child Labor i
A e h , de he e e f ei b i g Mi i c e ed
hi e f f a deb i c ed b a a ce da , e de e ice he
g a dia e e ed i h he c d Deb i c e ed ffe de f
f a i , ha , agai he a e ' i , e ai f ffe de ei b e e f
hi i hi e ice deb f
a e /g a dia
Ele e : (R-A-P) (3) W i i ed Se ice i i ed
1. Tha he ffe de Re ai a i i hi h eh d a d fa h eh d a d fa
e ice;
2. Tha i i Agai he i f he i ;a d
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Cha e 2: C i e agai Sec i ded a d d e e de hi a i a ce,

ha e i iab e de hi a ic e b i
Sec i 1. Aba d e f Hel le Pe iab e f he c i e e i gf he abbi g
a dE l iai f Mi h i g.
Ar . 275. Abandonmen of Person in Danger B faili g deli e a child de 7 h he

and Abandonmen of One s O n Vic im ffe de ha f d aba d ed, he
P i hable Ac : a h i ie hi fa il , b faili g ake
1. A e h fai e de a i a ce hi a afe lace ( a be a lied a l
a e h he ( he ffe de ) fi d child)
i a i habi ed ace ded i
da ge f d i g, he he ca e de N e :
ch a i a ce i h de i e 1. I i i a e ia ha he ffe de did
hi e f, e ch i i ha ha he chi d i de e e ea .
c i ea e ei ffe e 2. The chi d de e e ea f age be
2. A e h fai he e de f d b he acc ed i a afe ace.
a i a ce a he h he ( he
ffe de ) ha accide a ded Ar . 276. Abandoning a Minor
i ed A e h ha aba d a chi d de
3. A e h fai de i e a chi d de e e (7) ea f age, he c d f hich
e e ea f age h he ( he i i c be hi
ffe de ) ha f d aba d ed, he
a h i ie hi fa i a e hi Ele e : (C-7-A-N) (4)
a afe ace 1. Tha he ffe de ha he C d f a chi d;
2. Tha he chi d i U de 7 ea f age;
B faili g e de a i a ce a e 3. Tha he Aba d ch chi d; a d
h he ffe de fi d i a i habi ed 4. Tha he ha N i e i he chi d he
lace ded i da ge f d i g, he he he a e i aba d ed.
ca e de ch a i a ce i h de i e
hi elf, le ch i i hall N e :
c i ea e ei ffe e 1. Aba d e be c ci , de ibe a e,
a d e a e .
Ele e : (N-W-R-F) (4) 2. Pa e g i f aba d i g hei chi d e
1. Tha ace i N i habi ed; ha be de i ed f a e a a h i .
2. The acc ed f d he e a e W ded 3. I e i ca be e ed f he
i da ge f d i g; dea h f he chi d. S ch a e i
3. The acc ed ca Re de a i a ce i h a ie c i e agai e ,
de i e hi e f; a d c i e agai ec i .
4. The acc ed Fai e de a i a ce
Ar . 277. Abandonmen of Minor b Person
B faili g hel e de a i a ce En r s ed i h His C s od ; Indifference of
a he h he ffe de ha accide all Paren s
ded i j ed A e h , ha i g cha ge f he ea i g
ed ca i f a i , ha de i e aid i
N e: a b ic i i i he e , ih
Thi a ag a h a ie he e e i he c e f he e h e ed ch
accide all i ed b he acc ed. If a e chi d hi ca e , i he ab e ce f he a e ,
i e i a ab h a he h i ih he c e f he e a h i ie
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Pa e h ha eg ec hei chi d e b Abandonmen of Minor b person en r s ed

gi i g he he ed ca i hich hei a i i h c s od and Abandonmen of Minor
i ife e i e a d hich hei fi a cia (Ar . 266), Dis ing ished
c di i e i ABANDONMENT OF
ABANDONMENT
MINOR BY PERSON
OF MINOR (ART.
P i hable Ac /Ele e : ENTRUSTED WITH
266)
1. Deli e i g a i a blic i i i HIS CUSTODY
he e ih he c e f C d f ffe de i
C d i a ed i
he e h e ed ch i he ecific f ea i g
ge e a e
ca e f he ffe de , i he ab e ce f ed ca i f i
he e e, ih he c e f he Mi he e de 18 Mi he e de 7
e a h i ie ea f age ea f age
Mi i aba d ed
Ele e : (C-D-N) (3) Mi i de i e ed a
i ch a a a
a. Offe de ha Cha ge f he ea i g b ic i i i
de i e hi f ca e
ed ca i f a i (T ea ea he e
a d ec i
bi g a i b ed ca i g,
i hi g, e c.); Ar icle 278. E ploi a ion of Minors
b. He De i e aid i a b ic i i i
he e .; a d P i hable Ac :
c. The e h e ed ch chi d he 1. A e h ca e a b gi de 16
ffe de ha N c e ed ch ac ; ea f age ef a da ge fea
if he e h e ed ch chi d f ba a ci g, h ica e gh c i ;
he ffe de i ab e , he e 2. A ac ba , g a , e- a e , di e ,
a h i ie ha e c e ed i i d- a i a a e ci c a age ,
e gaged i a i i a ca i g h e
2. Neglec i g e child e b gi i g chi d e de 16 ea f age h a e
he ed ca i hich he ae / hi /he chi d e de ce da f he
ai i life e ie a d fi a cial ffe de i e hibi i f ch i d ;
c di i e i 3. A ac ba , g a , e- a e , di e ,
i d- a i a a e ci c a age ,
Ele e : (P-N-SF) (3) e gaged i a i i a ca i g h e a
a. Tha he ffe de i a Pa e ; f hi /he de ce da de 12 ea f age
b. Tha he/ he Neg ec hi /he chi d e b i ch da ge e hibi i ;
gi i g he ed ca i ; a d 4. A a ce da , g a dia , eache e
c. Tha hi /he S a i i ife e i e ch e ed i a ca aci i h he ca e f a
ed ca i a d hi /he Fi a cia c di i chi d de 16 ea f age h g a i
e i i de i e ch chi d a e f i g
a f he ca i g e e a ed i a ag a h
N e : 2 a habi a ag a begga ; a d
1. O d i de ce ha he d ha he b iga i 5. A e h i d ce a chi d de 16
ed ca e chi d e e i a e if he he ea f age aba d he h e f i
a d chi d e ef e i h g d ea a ce da , g a dia , c a eache
i e i h he acc ed fa he . f a e e gaged i a f he
2. Fai e gi e ed ca i be d e ca i g e i ed i a ag a h 2
de ibe a e de i e e ade ch b iga i . acc a a habi a ag a begga
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Q alif i g ci c a ce: If he de i e , i 3. Tha ch e a ce i Agai he a e i .

a ag a h 4, ha ha e bee ade i
c ide a i f a ice, c e ai Q alif i g ci c a ce: he e he ffe e i
i e, he g a dia c a ha be de i ed c i ed b ea f i e ce i i ida i
f ae a a h i g a dia hi .
N e :
N e: 1. The e be a ii he a f
The e iai f he i be f ch a he e f he h e he e f he
a ea e da ge hi ife afe . acc ed. Me e ab e ce f hi c e
e i i i e gh.
E ploi a ion of Minors and Ind cing Minor o 2. D e i g: a b i di g c ee c i e
Abandon His Home (Ar . 271), Dis ing ished de ed f e a d c f ; de e d
INDUCING MINOR e; a be a .
EXPLOITATION OF
TO ABANDON HIS 3. P hibi i a be e e i ied,
MINORS
HOME de e di g he ci c a ce .
P e f i d ci g 4. I ied hibi i i e e i he f i g
he i aba d i ai : fe i c i ed a e a igh
he h e i f he e e e i a ee , e a ce i
a e e gaged ade h gh a i d
i a f he ca i g N ch e 5. P hibi i e i i a he i e f
e i ed e a ce.
acc a a 6. P hibi i i ece a he i e ce
habi a ag a i i ida i i e ed b he ffe de .
begga 7. Vi e ce i i ida i a a e ace
Mi i de 16 i edia e af e he e a ce.
ea f age ( de Vic i i a i 8. Whe he e i e ac f a c i e i e ded
12 ea f age, i he de 18 ea f age be c i ed b ea f he e (e .
ca e f a ag a h 3) bbe ), he c i e i e a
d e i g.
Ar . 279. Addi ional Penal ies for O her 9. T e a a be c i ed e e b he
Offenses e f he d e i g agai he ac a
cc a he e f.
The ffe de i iab e f he
10. If he ffe de i a b ic ffice , he c i e
aba d e e iai b a f a i
c e e ce . If a a e , h ica i ie c i ed i i a i f d ici e de A .
dea h e ed, a he c i e i c i ed 128.
b a h i f A 279.
N a licable:
1. Whe e he e a ce i f he e f
Sec i 2. T e a D elli g
e e i g ha hi e f, he cc a
a hi d e
Ar . 280. Q alified Trespass o D elling
2. Whe e he ei e de e e ice
A i a e i di id a h e e he d e i g
h a i ice
f a he agai he a e i , he he
3. Whe he acc ed e e ed he d e i g
he e a a e ded b i e ce
h gh he i d , he had i e i
i i ida i
a e i ide. Hi i e i i ca e
hi i d he he a bei g a e ed b
Ele e : (P-E-A) (3)
he cc a he e f. He ce, he c i e f
1. Tha he ffe de i a P i a e e ;
e a d e i g i a e a a e a d di i c
2. Tha he E e he d e i g f a he ; a d
ffe e f f a ed h icide.
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ATENEO CENTRAL
4. Whe e a e e e e ab i h e hich e ei g a be
ca e / e e he b ic hi e i e f e e i ied
ch a age.
5. If a b ic ffice a a h i ed e i Sec i 3. Th ea a d C e ci
c d c i g a a id a e a a id ea ch
a d ei e. (R le on C iminal P oced e, Ar . 282. Gra e Threa s
R le 113) A e h ha h ea e a he i h
he i f ic i , he e , h
Ar . 281. O her Forms of Trespass e f he a e f hi fa i , f a
A e h ha e e he c ed ga i g aci e
e i e he fe ced e a e f a he ,
hi e ei he b h f he a e i habi ed, if P i hable Ac :
he hibi i e e be a ife a d he 1. B h ea e i g a he i h he i f ic i ,
e a e ha ec ed he e i i f hi e ,h e ha f
he e he ca e a e he e f hi fa i , f a ga i g ac i e
a d de a di g e i i ga he
Ele e : (NUPE) (4) c di i , e e h gh a f , a d he
1. Tha he ffe de E e he c ed e i e ffe de a ai ed hi e.
he fe ced e a e f a he (P e i e
ig ifie a di i c a d defi i e ca i hich Ele e : (T-W-D-A) (4)
i fi ed); a. The ffe de Th ea e a he e ih
2. Tha he e a ce i ade hi e ei he f he i f ic i , he a e e ,h
he i U i habi ed; e , ha f he a e fa i ,
3. Tha he P hibi i e e be a ife ; a d fa g;
4. Tha he e a e ha N ec ed he b. The W g a a c i e;
e i i f he e he ca e a e c. The e i De a d f e a he
he e f. c di i i i ed, e e if a f ;
a d
O her Forms of Trespass and Q alified d. The ffe de A ai hi e.
Trespass o D elling, Dis ing ished
QUALIFIED 2. B a i g ch h ea i h he ffe de
OTHER FORMS OF
TRESPASS TO a ai i g hi e; a d
TRESPASS
DWELLING 3. B h ea e i g a he i h he i f ic i ,
Offe de i a Offe de i a i a e hi e ,h e ha f
e e hi fa i , f a ga i g a c i e,
Offe de e e he h ea bei g b ec a c di i
Offe de e e a
c ed e i e a
d e i g
fe ced e a e Ele e : (T-W-N) (3)
The ace e e ed i The ace e e ed i a. The ffe de Th ea e a he e ih
i habi ed i habi ed he i f ic i , he a e e ,h
Ac e ai ed i e , ha f he a e fa i ,
e ei g i c ed Ac e ai ed i fa g;
e i e /fe ced e e i g he d e i g b. The W g a a c i e; a d
e ae ih agai he i f c. The h ea i N b ec a c di i .
e i i f he e
e /ca e a e
P hibi i be
P hibi i f
a ife
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N e : h ea e ed, if he ha fai gi e ch bai ,

1. Th ea be ade i hea f a ge , he ha be e e ced de ie .
beca e ch h ea d be i hed a
O he Ligh Th ea . The e a i g he h ea de he A ic e
2. G a e h ea a be c i ed b i di ec 283 a d 284 (g a e a d igh h ea ) a a be
cha e ge a g figh , e e if c ai a e i ed b he c gi e bai c di i ed
a ab e he cha e ge a ade. I i he i e e he e h ea e ed.
fficie ha h ea ca e edge f
ffe ded a . Bond for Good Beha ior and Bond o Keep
3. Th ea ade i c ec i i h he he Peace (Ar . 35), Dis ing ished
c i i f he c i e a e ab bed b BOND FOR GOOD BOND TO KEEP THE
he a e . BEHAVIOR PEACE
4. The ffe de i g a e h ea d e O f g a e h ea A ica i
de a d he de i e he f he e a d igh h ea a ic a ca e
he e a e a ed b hi . A addi i a e a A di i c e a
O he i e, ha bbe b i i ida i .
If ffe de fai gi e
5. E e ia ha he e be i i ida i : ha
he b d, he ha be
he e a i e f e f e ha
If ffe de fai gi e de ai ed f a e i d
i
bai , he ha be e ceedi g 6 h if
6. Ac h ea e ed be d e be g
e e ced ec ed f a g a e
de ie o. a e g a e fe
Ar . 283. Ligh Threa s
f 30 da if ec ed
The g h ea e ed d e a a f a igh fe .
c i e.
Ar . 285. O her Ligh Threa s
Ele e : (DANT) (4)
1. Tha he ffe de Th ea e a he e
P i hable Ac :
ih he i f ic i fa g;
1. B h ea e i g a he i h a ea (e e
2. Tha he gd e N c i e a c i e;
if he e i a e ), b d a i g a ea
3. Tha he e i a De a d f e a
i a a e, e i be i a f e f-
he c di i i i ed, e e h gh defe e;
a f ;a d
2. B a h ea e i g a he , i he hea f
4. Tha he ffe de ha ei he A ai ed
a ge , i h e ha c i i g a c i e,
a ai ed hi e.
ih e i i g i he idea i ed i he
h ea ; a d
N e : 3. B a h ea e i g a he i h ha
1. I igh h ea , he g h ea e ed d e c i i g a fe
a a c i e.
2. Re i ed ha he e be a de a d f e
N e :
ha he c di i be i ed.
1. N de a d f e c di i i i ed
3. B ac ai i g a be i hed de hi 2. Th ea i de ibe a e
i i . 3. Tha hich i di a i a g a e h ea a be
c ide ed de hi a ic e if ade i he
Ar . 284. Bond for Good Beha ior
hea f a ge .
I a ca e fa i g i hi A ic e 283 a d 284, 4. Whe e h ea a e di ec ed a e h
he e a i g he h ea a a be i ab e a d e ed i a e a fi f
e i ed gi e bai e he e a ge , he ffe e i igh h ea .
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Ar . 286. Gra e Coercions N e :

A e h , ih a a h i f a , 1. The hi g e e ed f e ec i
ha , b ea f i e ce, h ea , be hibi ed b a . O he i e, he e i be
i i ida i , e e a he f d i g c e ci .
e hi g hibi ed b a , c e 2. O e f a hi g ha igh e e
hi d e hi g agai hi i , he he i e fe e ce he ch i e fe e ce i
i be igh g ece a a e g ea e da age.
3. C e ci i c a ed e e if he
T a fc i i g G a e C e ci ffe ded a did accede he e
1. B e e i g a he , b ea f i e ce, f he c e ci .
h ea i i ida i , f d i g e hi g
hibi ed b a ; a d Gra e Coercion and Illegal De en ion,
2. B c e i g a he , b ea f i e ce, Dis ing ished
h ea i i ida i , d e hi g GRAVE   ILLEGAL
agai hi i , he he i be igh g COERCION DETENTION
I e de i e he I e de i e
Ele e : ffe ded a f hi ibe e e
1. Tha a e ibe i c ea
a. P e e ed a he f d i g e hi g
hibi ed b a , Gra e Coercion and Mal rea men of
b. C e ed a he d e hi g Prisoners, Dis ing ished
agai hi i , be i igh g; GRAVE COERCION MALTREATMENT
2. Tha he e e i c i i effec ed OF PRISIONERS
b Vi e ce, Th ea , I i ida i ;a d If he ffe ded a i If he ffe ded a
3. Tha i i c i ed Wi h a h i f a a i e, i a i e,
i he e e ci e f a a f igh . e ac i g e ac i g
i f ai , i g i f ai , i g
Whe e e i gi c ide ed C e ci f ce i i ida i i f ce i i ida i i
b i c e ed b e he i i : c e ci a ea e
1. Whe a b ic ffice e e he
ce e ie f a e igi g de A .
Ar . 287. Ligh Coercions
132;
A e h ,b ea f i e ce, ha
2. Whe a e e e he ee i g f a
ei e a hi g be gi g hi deb f he
egi a i e a e b de A . 143; a d
e fa i g he a e he a e
3. Whe a e e e a e be f
f he deb
C ge f a e di g ee i g ,
e e i g hi i i , ca i g hi e
Ligh C e ci (Pa . 1)
h gh he e f f ce i i ida i , de
Ele e : (C-S-V-P) (4)
A . 145
a. Tha he ffe de be a C edi f he
ffe ded a ;
Whe c elli g i C e ci b i
b. Tha he Sei e a hi g be gi g hi
c e ed b e he i i :
deb ;
1. Whe a b ic ffice c e a e
c. Tha he ei e f he hi g be acc i hed
cha ge hi e ide ce, de A . 127; a d
b ea f Vi e ce a di a f a e ia
2. Whe a e id a hi deb c e
f ce d ci g i i ida i ; a d
hi a , de A . 267.
d. Tha he e f he ffe de i a
he a e he Pa e f he deb .
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U j Ve a i (Pa . 2) P i hable Ac :
1. A he c e ci e ai 1. B f ci g c e i g, di ec i di ec ,
2. Pa ag a h 2 f A . 287 c e i g e i i g he f ci g
e a i . I i c de a h a c d c c e i g f he ab e e ee f he
hich, a h gh d ci e f e ffe de cha e e cha di e
h ica a e ia ha d, h e e , c di ie f a i df hi
a e a i ce e .
3. Ligh c e ci de he 1 a ag a h f hi Ele e : (A-E-FP) (3)
a ic e i be e ai if he 3 d a. Tha he ffe de i A e , age
e e e (e i g i e ce i i ida i ) ffice f a a cia i c ai ;
i ab e . b. Tha he ch fi c ai ha
4. The a a e i be c ide ed i E ed ab e e ee ; a d
he he he ffe de ac ca ed c. Tha he F ce c e , di ec
a a ce, i i a i , e , di e , i di ec , i g e i be f ced
di ba ce he i d f he e c e ed, a f hi i ab e
h i i di ec ed. e ee P cha e e cha di e
c di ie f a i df hi f aid
Unj s Ve a ion and Gra e Coercion, fi c ai
Dis ing ished
UNJUST   GRAVE   2. B a i g he age d e hi ab e
VEXATION COERCION e ee b ea f e b ec
Ac f e e i g b Ac f e e i g b he ha he ega e de c e c f he
f ce a a ead f ce a ade a Phi i i e , e e e e e ed b
d e he he he i e he ffe ded ch ab e e ee
i e ce a e e ed a a d i g
ab d he ac Ele e : (PON) (3)
e e ed a. Tha he ffe de Pa he age d e a
ab e e ee e ed b hi b
Ar . 288. O her Similar Coercions ea f e b ec ;
(Comp lsor P rchase of Merchandise and b. Tha h e e b ec a e O he ha
Pa men of Wages B Means of Tokens) he ega e de c e c f he Phi i i e ;
a d
A e , age ffice f a
c. Tha ch e ee ab e d e N
a cia i c ai h ha f ce
e e e e ha he be aid b ea f
c e , di ec i di ec , ha
e b ec
i g e i a ab e e ee
e ed b hi b ch fi
N e:
c ai be f ced c e ed,
I d ci g a e ee gi e a a f hi
cha e e cha di e c di ie f a
age b f ce, ea h, i i ida i , h ea b
i d
a he ea i a f de he Lab
C de, de he RPC.
A e h ha a he age d e a
ab e e ee e ed b hi , b
Ar . 289. Forma ion, Main enance, and
ea f e b ec he ha he
Prohibi ion of Combina ion of Capi al or
ega e de c e c f he Phi i i e ,
Labor hro gh Violence or Threa s
e e e e e ed b he ab e
e ee. A e h , f he e f
ga i i g, ai ai i g e e i g
c ai i f ca i a ab , i e f ab e
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c - f e e , ha e N e :
i e ce h ea i ch a deg ee a 1. Sei e - ace a hi g i he c f
c e f ce he ab e e ee i e e gi e hi he e i
he f ee a d ega e e ci e f hei i d he e f; i i ece a ha i he ac ,
, if he ac ha c i e a e he e be f ce i e ce
ei ffe e i acc da ce i h he 2. Thi a ic e i a icab e ae ih
i i f he RPC e ec hei i chi d e e
i h e ec he a e e e f ei he
Ele e : (PEN) (3) f he .
1. Tha he ffe de E i e ce 3. C e f he c e de ce eed be
h ea , i ch a deg ee a c e ec e . The e f he ffe de e ai .
f ce he ab e e e i he f ee 4. Q a if i g ci c a ce: he he ffe de
a d ega e e ci e f hei i d ; e ea he c e f ch a e e e
2. Tha he P ei ga i e, ai ai a hi d e
e e c aii f ca i a ab , i e f 5. Thi a ic e d e e i e ha he ffe ded
ab e , c fe ee ; a d a be e diced.
3. The ac ha N c i ea e ei
ffe e de he RPC Disco ering Secre s and Re ealing secre s
of pri a e indi id al (Ar . 230), Dis ing ished
N e : DISCOVERING REVEALING
1. Peacef ic e i g i hibi ed, b i SECRETS THROUGH SECRETS OF
be c fi ed ic a d i g d fai h SEIZURE OF PRIVATE
gai i g i f ai a d eacef CORRESPONDENCE INDIVIDUAL
e a i a dag e . P i a e i di id a ei e P b ic ffice
2. B e i g i e ce a i g h ea b he a e e e f c e f
ic e e a a e he iab e f c e ci a he di c e he ec e f a
a e ec e i a e i di id a
Cha e 3: Di c e a d Re ela i f b ea f hi
Sec e ffice
N ece a ha he e The e i a ec e
Ar . 290. Disco ering Secre s hro gh ac a be a ec e i he hich ha c e
Sei re of Correspondence a e e e ei ed be
A i a e i di id a h , i de If he e a , Re ea ec e
di c e ec e f a he , ei e hi a e ece a e ea he ih ifiab e
e e , a d e ea he c e he e f ec e ea
Ele e : (PIPS) (4) Ar . 291. Re ealing Secre s i h Ab se of

1. Tha he ffe de i a P i a e i di id a Office
e e a b ic ffice i he e e ci e f hi A a age , e ee, e a h , i
fficia f c i ; ch ca aci , ha ea he ec e f hi
2. Tha he Sei e he a e e e f i ci a a e a d ha e ea ch
a he ; ec e
3. Tha he P e f he ei e i di c e
he ec e f ch he e ;a d Ele e : (M-L-R) (3)
4. The ffe de i I f ed f he c e f 1. Tha he ffe de i a Ma age , e ee
he a e e e ei ed e a ;
2. Tha he Lea he ec e f hi i ci a
a e i ch ca aci ; a d
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ATENEO CENTRAL
3. Tha he Re ea ch ec e The a i g h d be de a c ai f
e hi . Th , e h a e he e
N e : e a da ed de c ai f i e ffe ed
1. Da age i e i ed b hi a ic e. i g d fai h i g i f bbe e e h gh
2. Sec e be ea ed b ea f he he c ai f e hi i e ab e. (S .
ffe de e e G ie e , G.R. No. 171579, No embe 14, 2012)
Ar . 292. Re ela ion of Ind s rial Secre s Ar icle 293. Who Are G il Of Robber
A e i cha ge, e ee a f A e h , ihi e gai , ha a e
a a fac i g i d ia e ab i h e a e a e be gi g a he ,
h , he e dice f he e he e f, b ea f i e ce i i ida i f a
ha e ea he ec e f he i d f he e , i g f ce a hi g
a e
Ele e : (P-U-I-VF) (4)
Ele e (POPS) (4) 1. The e be Pe a e be gi g
1. Tha he ffe de i a Pe i cha ge, a he ;
e ee a f a a fac i g 2. U a f a i g f ha e ;
i d ia e ab i h e ; 3. Ta i g a ih I e gai (a i
2. Tha he a fac i g i d ia c a di); a d
e ab i h e ha a Sec e f he i d 4. Tha he e i (a) Vi e ce agai
hich he ffe de ha ea ed; i i ida i f e , (b) F ce
3. Tha he Offe de e ea ch ec e ; a d a hi g.
4. Tha P e dice i ca ed he e.
Dis inc ions be een effec s of emplo men
N e : of Violence or In imida ion and Use of Force
1. P e dice i a e e ia e e e f hi pon hings
ffe e. VIOLENCE OR FORCE UPON
2. The e e a i f he ec e igh be ade INTIMIDATION OF THINGS
af e he e ee a had cea ed PERSONS
be c ec ed i h he e ab i h e . WHEN ROBBERY
Whe e e i e ce R bbe i a ecia ed
Plea e ee SPL e ie e on agai i i ida i he f ce i ed
1. R.A 4200 An i-Wi e apping Ac f a e i ei he :
2. R.A. 11479 An i-Te o i m Ac of 2020 e e , R bbe i 1. e e he b i di g,
a a a ecia ed
e d f ic 2. b ea d ,
a d be , che ,
I. CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY a he i d f
Cha e 1: R bbe i Ge e al c ed ea ed
f i e
R bbe i he a i g f e a e ece ac e i ide
be gi g a he , i h i e gai , b he b i di g,
ea f i e ce agai , i i ida i fa f ce he e
e , i g f ce a hi g. ide af e a i g
he a e f he
Ta i g, a a e e e f bbe , ea b i di g
de i i g he ffe ded a f e hi f he BASIS OF PENALTY
hi g a e i h he cha ac e f e a e c .
Page 191 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
e f he i e ce Whe c i ed i a bbe i ce bei g ca ed ada i a

ed, a d he i habi ed h e, b ic i e-e gh ci c a ce f e ab i hi g
e i e ce f b i di g, edifice he e a i hi be ee he b hich
i i ida i de ed e igi a ce ai ha he a eged ca e a i deed
hi , ba ed : he acc ed. (Maca an, J . . People, G.R.
a e f e a 1. a e f he No. 175842, Ma ch 18, 2015).
e i i a e ia e a e ,a d
2. he he E a ce a a ele e .
ffe de ca 1. Ge e al le: ece a
a ; 2. E cep ions:
a. he he bbe i c i ed b
Whe c i ed i a b ea i g a d be , che , a he
i habi ed b i di g, i d f c ed ea ed f i e
ba ed : ece ac e i ide a i habi ed h e, a
1. Va e f he b ic b i di g a edifice de ed
e a e e igi hi , b a i g ch
f i e b ec a a be b e
N e : f ced e ide [A . 299, bdi i ion
1. U a f a i g i c e e he : (b)]; a d
a. Wi h i e ce/i i ida i : e b. he he bbe i a i habi ed
a ea be i he e i f he b i di g, he ha a b ic b i di g
ffe de ; a d edifice de ed e igi hi , i
b. Wi h f ce: e be a e f c i ed b b ea i g a a d be,
he b i di g (Re e , Book T o, p. 684, che , a ea ed c ed f i e
ci ing People , Del Ro a io, C.A. 46. ece ac e, b e i g a c ed
O.G. 4332) ea ed ece ac e e e if he a e be
2. I e gai i e ed f a f b e e e e he e [A . 302, pa . 4
a i g a d c c ih e a and 5].
e be gi g a he .
3. Whe i e ce/i i ida i a e ace: Sec i 1 R bbe i h Vi le ce agai
a. Ge e al R le: bef e a i g i c e e; I i ida i f Pe
b. E cep ion: he i e ce e i  (1)
h icide, (2) a e, (3) i e i a A 294. R bbe i h Vi le ce agai
iai , (4) a f he e i I i ida i f Pe
h ica i ie de A . 263, a . 1
a d 2; R bbe i be dee ed ecia P i hable Ac :
c e ed i h a f h e ci e , 1. B ea cca i f he bbe ,
e e if he a i g a a ead c ee h icide i c i ed;
he he i e ce a ed b he 2. Ra e i e i a ia i a
ffe de . acc a he c i i f bbe ;
4. The a i g eed i edia e ecede he 3. B ea cca i f he bbe , a
i i ida i . f he h ica i ie e i g i i a i ,
5. P hibi ed a ic e a be he b ec a e i beci i , i e c , b i d e i i f ic ed
f bbe . (A . 263, a . 1); ei h ica i ie
6. [LEONEN] The acc ed c a i ca ed e i g i he f he e f eech,
he ic i he ada a d, e he h e, he e hea e , he f
he ca e efe ed he a ada . The a e e, ha d, f , a , eg, he f he
acc ed a ac i ed f he cha ge f e f a ch e be i ca aci f
i hich ic i i habi a e gaged i
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ATENEO CENTRAL
i f ic ed b he bbe e e (A . 263, e e i cide a a d b idia . (People .

a . 2); Palema, G.R. No. 228000, J l 10, 2019)
4. If he i e ce i i ida i hich 3. A e a be i ed; he i i g f a c -
acc a ie he bbe i ca ied a bbe i i c e ed.
deg ee c ea ece a f he c i e; 4. [LEONEN] I he ecia c e ci e f
5. I he c e f e ec i g he bbe , a f bbe i h h icide, h icide i c i ed
he h ica i ie e i g def i , i de :
fa a f he b d he e he e f, a. faci i a e he bbe he e ca e f
i e i ca aci f he e f a ce f he c i;
he habi a e gaged i f > 90 da b. e e e he e i b he c i
bec e i i ca aci a ed f ab f > f he ;
30 da (A . 263, a a. 3 a d 4) i i f ic ed c. e e di c e f he c i i f
b he bbe e e; he bbe ;
6. The ffe de d e , d i g he bbe , d. ei i ae i e e he c i i
ca e a ei h ica i ie defi ed i f he c i e. (People . Cha e
A . 263, if he ffe de e Bi anco , G.R. No. 207950, Sep embe
i i ida i . 22, 2014)
N e : Pa ici a i a d Liabili
1. The c i e a de c ibed i i hab e ac 1, 1. P i ci a A h a ici a ed a i ci a
2, 3, a d 5 a e ecia c e ci e . i he bbe a e i ci a i bbe ih
2. O he cca i a d b ea f he h icide a h gh he did ac a a e
bbe ea i he c e beca e f a i he i i g, e i c ea a ea
bbe . he e dea ed e e he a e.
3. R bbe a d h icide a e e a a e ffe e (People . Ca o o, 342 SCRA 600 [2000];
he he h icide a c i ed People . He nande , G.R. No. 139697, J ne
he cca i b ea f he bbe . 15, 2004)
a. [LEONEN] E e i e ide ifica i
Pa ag a h 1: R bbe ihH icide i i e ide ifica i i he bed c f
a ce e fg i .H e e,
Ele e : i i b a d c f f a ed h a
1. Ta i g f e a e i h he e f e . The e g h f i e, c ed i h
i e ce i i ida i agai e he deficie cie a d d b e he
2. Pe a e h a e be g i e e e i ie , c ea h ha
a he . he ec i did a age ai f
3. The a i g i cha ac e i ed b i e gai e e e f he i fac ha i e
a i c a di. c ide a i de he ai f
4. O he cca i f he bbe b ea ci c a ce e . (People . N e ,
he e f, he c i e f h icide a G.R. No. 209342, Oc obe 4, 2017)
c i ed. 2. Acce ece i f edge
a. The e i a i e ega di g he e a
H icide i de d i i ge e ic e e i ab e agai a acce ih
(i.e., i cl di g a icide a d de ) edge f he i i g c i ed d i g
1. H icide a ecede a cc af e bbe . J i de ce [People . Doble,
bbe ; a d eed be c i ed i he 114 SCRA 131; People . Ad iano
ace f bbe . Sang e a, 95 SCRA 107] ide ha
2. [LEONEN] The ffe de ' igi a i e ch a acce c d ha e
be he c i i f bbe . The i i g i e e ed he a e, he ce, h d be a
acce he c i e f i e
Page 193 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
bbe ; A . 53 f he RPC ide ha Pa ag a h 4: R bbe i h U ece a

he e a f a acce i he Vi le ce a d I i ida i
e a e b deg ee ha ha 1. The e a e ca e ided:
e c ibed b a f he c a ed a. Whe he i e ce i i ida i a
fe . Si ce bbe ca be ca ied a deg ee c ea
di agg ega ed f he ecia c e ece a ,
c i e f bbe i h h icide, he e i b. Whe h ica i ie c e ed b
a i e he ba i f ch a b. 3 a d 4 f A . 263 e e i f ic ed
acce e a . a e e ib e f
he c i i f bbe
Di i g i hed f High a R bbe 2. Vi e ce i i ida i i he fi ca e eed
1. C ic i f high a bbe e i e f be e e bef e a he e ac e
ha e e a acc ed e e ga i ed f he he he b ec i a e .
e fc i i g i i di c i i a e . 3. The i e ce i i ida i a be
2. Whe h icide i ed, he c i e i c i ed a a i e bef e he e i
bbe , a d ice e a. fi a de i ed f hi e .
Pa ag a h 2: R bbe i h Ra e Pa ag a h 5: R bbe i h Vi le ce
1. I i i a de e i e he i a I i ida i i O he Ca e
b ec i e i e f he acc ed. 1. Ac d e, ei he b hei a e b
2. I e gai f e a e f ea f he ci c a ce de hich
a he ecede he a e. he a e e ec ed, i i e fea i he
3. Ra e i c i ed he cca i f e agai h he a e di ec ed.
bbe , e e if c i ed i a he ace a. I be bjec i e f igh (d e
i hi he h e. e ac he a f he acc ed),
4. Whe a e a d h icide c -e i i he a d b ec i e f igh (fea a i i g
c i i f bbe , a e i c ide ed a f he e e e e a e a i idi
a agg a a i g ci c a ce R bbe f he ffe ded a ).
i h H icide.
5. The e i bbe iha e ed a e. Robber hro gh In imida ion and Threa s o
6. Addi i a a e c i ed he a e e or mone , Dis ing ished
cca i f bbe i i c ea e he ROBBERY
THREATS TO
e a . THROUGH
EXTORT MONEY
7. [LEONEN] F he c i e f bbe ih INTIMIDATION
a e, he a d e di i g i h he he Ac a a d i edia e C di i a f e
he a e a c i ed bef e, d i g, i i ida i i i ida i
af e he bbe , b ha i i he I i ida i a be
bbe ha a acc a ied b a e. The I i ida i i
h gh a
ee e f bbe i h a e a e: (People . e a
i e edia
Salen, J . Sena, G.R. No. 231013, Jan a I i ida i a efe
29, 2020) I i ida i i
e , h
a. he a i g f e a e i di ec ed he
e f he
c i ed ih i e ce ffe ded a
ffe ded a
i i ida i agai e ; Gai i i edia e Gai i i edia e
b. he e a e be g a he ;
c. he a i g i cha ac e i ed b i e
gai a i c a di; a d
d. he bbe i acc a ied b a e.
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Robber i h Violence and Gra e coercion, 5. a ee , ad, high a a e a d he

Dis ing ished i i ida i i ade i h he e f fi ea ,
ROBBERY WITH he he ice ed ice ed.
GRAVE  COERCION
VIOLENCE N e :
Vi e ce i ed 1. Thi a ic e d e a he ecia
I e gai N i e gai c e ci e f bbe i h h icide,
i h a e, ih ei h ica i ie
Robber and Briber , Dis ing ished de a ag a h 1 f A . 263.
ROBBERY BRIBERY 2. A f he a if i g ci c a ce be
a eged i he i f ai a d ed d i g
The e f he
ia . The ca be ff e b ge e ic
e did The e f he
i iga i g ci c a ce .
c i aci eb i e ha c i ed
i i ida ed b he a c i e a d gi e
Ar . 296. Defini ion of a Band and Penal
ffe de a e a a a id
Inc rred b Members Thereof
de i e hi f hi a e ec i
Whe e ha h ee a ed a efac
e
a e a i he c i i f a bbe , i
Vic i i de i ed f
ha be dee ed ha e bee c i ed b
e h f ce
Gi i g f e b a ba d.
i i ida i ; ei he
ic i i i a e e
a a
a R bbe i Dee ed C i ed b a Ba d he
a i g ih he
a lea 4 a ed a efac a e a .
e
E a le: Acc ed, a a ia i ec ,
Re i i e f liabili f he ac f he
de a d a e f a a f he
he e be f he ba d: (M-P-A-N) (4)
ffe ded a i h h ea f hi a e a d
1. Tha he acc ed a a Me be f he ba d;
ec i af e i ec i f he ffe ded
2. Tha he a P e e a he c i i fa
a e. The c i e c i ed i bbe
bbe b ha ba d;
beca e he i ci a di i c i f b ibe i
3. Tha he he e be f he ba d
he ai e f he a ac i he a
c i ed a A a ; a d
f he e f he e . (People .
4. Tha he did N a e e e he a a
F anci co, G.R. No. 21390, Ma ch 26, 1924)
N e :
A . 295. R bbe i h Ph ical I j ie ,
1. If bbe a d a a eec i ed b a
C i ed i a U i habi ed Place a d b a
ba d, e e if he e be c i ed
Ba d, i h he U e f Fi ea a S ee ,
c i bbe , a he a ici a ae
R ad Alle (Q alified R bbe )
e he e iab e f b h ac ; nle :
a. [LEONEN] The acc ed e e ed
I a ce Q alif i g R bbe i h Vi le ce
a e ed e e he a a
agai I i ida i f Pe
(Ampa o . People, G.R. No. 204990,
1. i a i habi ed ace,
Feb a 22, 2017);
2. b a ba d,
b. The acc ed i a i ci a b i d ce e
3. b a ac i g a i g ai , ee ca ,
a he c i i f bbe , e
ehic e ai hi ,
he de ed ch i i g he c i i
4. b e e i g he a e ge c a e i
f he c i e
a ai , i a a e a i g he
2. P f f c i ac i ece a he
a e ge he e f b i e i he
f e a ed e c i ed
e ec i e c e a ce ,
bbe .
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3. If a e a c i ed b e e be f he 3. If b h i i g a d h ica i ie ee
ba d i h he edge f he he , he c i ed ha cca i , he c i e ha
a ei g i f bbe i h a e. be e a i ed i acc da ce i h A . 297, b
he h ica i ie i be ab bed.
Ar 297. A emp ed and Fr s ra ed Robber
Commi ed Under Cer ain Circ ms ances Ar 298. E ec ion of Deeds B Means of
Violence or In imida ion
A e ed F a ed R bbe ih A e h , ih i e def a d
H icide a he , b ea f i e ce i i ida i ,
1. Thi i a ecia c e c i e. ha c e hi ig , e ec e de i e
a. The e h icide i ed i i ge e ic a b ic i e d c e
e e. I i c de a a f i i g.
b. The e be e ac i i g Ele e : (I-C-VI) (3)
bbe . 1. Tha he ffe de ha I e def a d
a he ;
U le he h icide c i ed h ld 2. Tha he ffe de C e hi ig ,
de e e a highe e al e ec e, de i e a b ic i e
Whe h icide i c i ed i h a a if i g d c e ;a d
ci c a ce, he a highe e a ha be 3. Tha he c i i b ea f Vi e ce
i ed (e.g., f de a icide). I i ida i
Di i c i (People . Villan e a, C.A.- G.R. N e :

No. 2676, Ma 31, 1939): 1. Thi a ic e i a icab e if he d c e
1. A 294 a ie if he ffe e c i ed i i id.
c a ed bbe i h h icide. 2. P b ic de c ibe i e ; he ce,
2. A 297 a ie if he ffe e c i ed i hi a ic e a a ie i ae
a e ed f a ed bbe ih c e cia d c e
h icide.
3. A 48 a ie if he ffe e c i ed i Sec i 2 R bbe b he U e f F ce
a e ed f a ed bbe b Thi g
ei h ica i ie , ided e i
h ica i ie be e ed a he T (2) i a ce :
ece a ea fc i i g bbe . 1. R bbe hich cc i :
a. A i habi ed h e b ic b i di g
If h ical i j ie e e i flic ed he edifice de ed e igi hi (A .
ic i , b i e kill a e a d he 299),
ic i did die, he liabili f he ffe de b. A i habi ed ace i a i ae
a be a f ll : b i di g (A . 302); a d
1. If h ica i ie e e i f ic ed a a ea 2. If he ffe de did e e he e i e
f he c i i fa e ed f a ed h gh a f he ea e i ed i A .
bbe , he i ie a e ab bed. The c i e 299(a) b b e a a d be, che , a
ha be a e ed f a ed bbe . he i d f c ed c ed ea ed
2. If h ica i ie e e i f ic ed he f i e ece ac e i he h e
cca i f bbe b a a ea f b i di g, he i a a be b e
he c i i f a e ed f a ed f ced e ide.
bbe , he a e ea ed a e a a e c i e
f a e ed f a ed bbe a d
h ica i ie .
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Ar 299. Robber in an Inhabi ed Ho se or 4. Picklock imila ool a e h e ecia

P blic B ilding or Edifice De o ed To ad ed he c i i f bbe (A .
Worship 304).
A a ed e h ha c i bbe 5. Whe he fa e e i ed e a
i a i habi ed h e b ic b i di g a d be c ed ece ac e da e
edifice de ed e igi hi i ide d , i i hef .
6. U i g f fic i i a e e e di g he
S bdi i i (a) ele e : e e ci e f b ic a h i be he
1. Tha he ffe de e e ed efficie ca e f he e i g b he ffe ded
a. a i habi ed h e, a f he d f hi h e he acc ed.
b. b ic b i di g, 7. The f ea de c ibed be e ed
c. edifice de ed e igi hi ; b he ffe de e e, ge .
2. Tha he e a ce a effec ed b a f he
f i g ea : A . 299, bdi i i (b) ele e :
a. Th gh a e i g i e ded f 1. Tha he ffe de i i ide a d e i g h e,
e a ce eg e ; b ic b i di g, edifice de ed e igi
b. B b ea i g a a , f, f hi , ega d e f he ci c a ce
b ea i g a d i d ; de hich he e e ed i ; a d
c. B i g fa e e , ic c i ia 2. Tha he ffe de a e e a e
; be gi g a he i h i e gai , de
d. B i g a fic i i a e a f he f i g ci c a ce :
e e di g he e e ci e f b ic a. b he b ea i g f d , a d be ,
a h i ;a d che , a he i d f c ed
3. Tha ce i ide he b i di g, he ffe de ea ed f i e ece ac e,
e a e be gi g a he b. b a i g ch f i e b ec a a
ihi e gai be b e f ced e ide he
ace f he bbe
Defi i i
1. A Inhabi ed ho e i a he e , hi N e :
e e c i i g he d e i g f e 1. E a ce eed be effec ed b a f he
e e , e e if i habi a ae ea e i ed i A . 299, bdi i i (a).
e e . 2. D efe d , id , e i g
2. A P blic b ilding i e e b i di g ed b hee f f i e he ab e
he G e e be gi g a i ae ece ac e i ide d fh e
e b ed e ed b he b i di g.
G e e , a h gh e ai 3. Whe a ea ed b i a e f he
cc ied b he a e. e f b ea i g i , he c i e i a ead
c a ed bbe . The e i eed
N e : ac a e i i ide he b i di g f he e
1. The e be i e i a e e a i a a e .
e i e e i g he b i di g. a. If he b a c fided i he c d
2. The ffe de h e e he b i di g i f acc ed a d he a e he e
hich he bbe a c i ed (i.e., h e c ai ed he ei , he c i e i e afa.
b d f he c i be i ide he b i di g). b. If he b a f d ide f he
3. Fal e ke a e ge i e e e f he b i di g a d he acc ed f ced i e ,
e a e he ha h e i e ded he c i e i hef .
b he e f e i he c f cib
e ed b he ffe de (A . 305).
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Ar 300. Robber in an Uninhabi ed Place and 2. Tha ih i e gai , he ffe de

b a Band he ef e a e be gi g
The bbe e i ed i A ic e 299, if a he ;
c i ed i a i habi ed ace a d b a 3. Tha a f he f i g ci c a ce a
ba d e e :
a. E a ce a effec ed h gh a
N e : e i g i e ded f e a ce
1. The e a i A ic e 299 i be i he eg e ;
a i e i d, if bbe i h f ce b. A a , f, f , ide d
hi g i c i ed i a i habi ed ace i d a b e ;
a d b a ba d. c. The e a ce a effec ed h gh he
2. The i habi ed h e, b ic b i di g, e f fa e e , ic c he
edifice de ed e igi hi be i ia ;
ca ed i a i habi ed ace, a ed d. A d , a d be, che , a ea ed
bbe ih i e ce agai c ed f i e ece ac e a
i i ida i f e , hich be b e ;
c i ed i a i habi ed ace b a e. A c ed ea ed ece ac e a
ba d. e ed, e e if he a e be b e
e e e he e
Ar 301. Wha Is an Inhabi ed Ho se, P blic
B ilding, or B ilding Dedica ed To Religio s N e :
Worship and Their Dependencies 1. U i habi ed ace ea a i habi ed
b i di g.
Re i i e f De e de cie (CIP)(3) 2. B i di g i c de a i d f c e f
A i ei c , c a , a eh e , g a a ie age afe ee i g f e a e .
e c ed ace be: 3. Whe he e a e i ai a e
a. C ig he b i di g; a ge ca e d i g a f he bbe ie
b. Ha i g a I e i e a ce c ec ed defi ed i A . 294, 295, 297, 299, 300 &
he e i h, a d 302, he e a ie e highe i deg ee ha
c. F i g Pa f he h e. h e ided i aid a ic e ha be
i ed.
N e : 4. Ta i g f a ge ca e i i hed de
1. P ace i i c ide ed i habi ed e e if he P.D. 533.
cc a i ab e he bbe cc ed
2. O cha d a d he a d f c i a i R bbe i a e:
d ci ae i c ded i he e 1. A . 299 if he ei ed a a d e i g;
de e de cie (A 301, pa . 3). if he e i a de e de c f a i habi ed
h e i h a i e i e a ce c ec ed
Ar . 302. Robber in an Uninhabi ed Place or he e i h;
in a Pri a e B ilding 2. A . 302 if he e i ed a a
d e i g;
Ele e :
1. Tha he ffe de e e ed a i habi ed Ar . 303. Robber of Cereals, Fr i s, or
ace a b i di g hich i a d e i g Fire ood in an Uninhabi ed Place or Pri a e
h e, a b ic b i di g, a edifice B ilding
de ed e igi hi ; I he ca e e e a ed i A ic e 299 a d
302, he he bbe c i i he a i g
f ce ea , f i , fi e d
Page 198 of 354

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Defi i i : N e :
Ce ea (a a pala ) eed i g hich 1. If he e a e ed he ffe de a d
a e he i edia e d c f he i he ed i ea , ci ei bbe b
hef .
N e : 2. P e i f fa e e i (2) a d (3) a e
1. Whe he bbe de c ibed i A . 299 a d i hab e.
302 c i i he a i g f ce ea , f i , 3. A a e e i c ide ed a ic c a d i
fi e d, he e a i e deg ee e. e i i i hab e. (People . Lope
2. A icab e bbe b f ce G.R. No. L-18766)
hi g
3. The pala be e b he e a Cha e 2: B iga dage
eed i g a e f ha e b he
bbe . B iga dage i a c i e c i ed b e ha
4. D e i c de a i g ac f h ed ice h ee a ed e h f a ba d f bbe
(biga ), hich fa de A . 302 f he e f c i i g bbe i he
high a id a i g e f he e f
Ar . 304. Possession of Picklocks or Similar e i b ai a , f a he
Tools e be a ai ed b ea f i e ce.
A e h ha , i h a f ca e,
ha e i hi e i ic c i ia Ar . 306. Who are Brigands Penal
e ecia ad ed he c i i f B iga d /high a bbe ae e ha
he c i e f bbe h ee a ed e h f a ba d f
bbe f he e fc i i g bbe
A e h a e ch he high a , id a i g e f he
e fe i b ai a f
Ele e : (PAN) (3) a he e be a ai ed b ea f
1. Tha he ffe de ha i hi P e i f ce a d i e ce.
ic c i ia ;
2. Tha ch ic c i ia ae If a f he a ca ied b a f aid
ecia Ad ed he c i i f e be a ice ed fi ea , i ha be
bbe ; a d e ed ha aid e a e high a
3. Tha he ffe de d e N ha e a f ca e bbe b iga d
f ch e i
Ele e :
N e : 1. The e a e a ea 4 a ed e ;
1. Ac a e f he ic c i ia i 2. The f ed a ba d f bbe ;
ece a . 3. Thei ei a f he f i g:
2. The iabi i fa c i h i highe ha ha a. c i bbe i he high a ,
fa ee e f ic c . b. id a e f he e f
e i b ai a ,
Ar . 305. False Ke s: c. a ai b ea f f ce a d i e ce
"Fal e ke " hall be dee ed i cl de: a he e
1. The e i ed i he e
ecedi g a ic e. N e :
2. Ge i e e e f he e. 1. The eef ai f a ba d f a f he
3. A e he ha h e i e ded b e e i ed i fficie c ic .
he e f e i he c f cib
e ed b he ffe de .
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ATENEO CENTRAL
2. If an f he e be ca ie ice ed c. he ffe de ac ie ecei e he

fi ea , all a e e ed high a bbe e a e b ch b iga d
b iga d .
3. A ca ied eed ece a i be Pe i f la a k ledge
fi ea a g a he a e ea i A e ef i ga f he ac ided
ge e a . (People . De La Ro a C.A., 49 O.G. i hi a ic e i e ed ha e e f ed he
2863) i g , e he c a i e .
Brigandage and Robber b a Band, Cha e 3: Thef

Dis ing ished
BRIGANDAGE ROBBERY BY A Ar . 308. Who are Liable for Thef
BAND Thef i he a i g f e a e
P e i be gi g a he ih he e
P e ae h e c i bbe , c e a d ih he a e da ce f
e e a ed ab e ece a i a i e ce i i ida i f e f ce
high a hi g .
Ag ee e c i Ag ee e i c i
bbe i i ed a a ic a Ele e :
e cca i bbe 1. Tha he e be a i g f e a e ;
Me e f ai f a Nece a e 2. Tha ch e be g a he ;
ba d i fficie ac a c i i f 3. Tha he a i g be d e i h i e gai ;
c ic bbe 4. Tha he a i g be d e i h he c e
B h e i e ha he ffe de f a ba d f f he e;a d
bbe . 5. Tha he a i g be acc i hed i h he
e f i e ce agai i i ida i f
Thi g e: e f ce hi g .
1. The e i a ga i a i f e ha 3
a ed e f i g a ba d f bbe ; Pe liable:
2. The e f he ba d i a f h e 1. Th e h :
e e a ed; a. i h i e gai ,
3. The g he high a a he b. b ih i e ce agai
c f ha e; a d i i ida i f e f ce
4. The acc ed i a e be f he ba d. hi g ,
c. a e e a e f a he ,
Ar . 307. Aiding and Abe ing a Band of d. i h he a e c e .
Brigands 2. Th e h :
a. ha i g f d e ,
Ele e : b. fai de i e he a e he ca
1. Tha he e i a ba d f b iga d ; a h i ie i e.
2. Tha he ffe de he ba d be f (Re e i f e / e f di hef .
b iga d ; a d Wha i i hed i e e i fai e
3. Tha he ffe de d e a f he f i g e ih i e gai . The ffe de
ac : edge f he ide i f he e f
a. he ffe de i a a e aid , abe he e i e i ed. Hi
ec ch ba d f b iga d , edge ha he e i i
b. he ffe de gi e he i f ai f he e gh.)
e e f he ice he eace
ffice f he G e e ,
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ATENEO CENTRAL
3. Th e h : 6. C e ( f e) c e a ed i he
a. af e ha i g a ici da aged he ee e f hef efe c e f ee gi e
e f a he , a d ee i ied f i e ce f he
b. e e a e e f he f i b ec e.
f he da age ca ed b he . 7. A ega i i he i f ai f ac f
(Ki i g he ca e f a he hich de ed c e i i di e ab e.
hi [ ffe de ] e a d ge i g ea 8. I hef f e , i i ece a
f hi e f i hef .) e:
4. Th e h : a. Ti e f he ei e f he hi g ;
a. e e a e c ed e a e a fie d, b. Tha i a e be gi g
b. he e e a i f bidde hich a he ; a d
be g a he , a d c. Tha he acc ed, ha i g had he i
c. i h he c e f i e, h , e de i e he e i
fi h ga he f i , ce ea he fa e he ca a h i ie , ef ai ed
d c he ef . f d i g .
(Fi hi g h d be i a fi h d 9. U e f ce hi g i ed e e a
fi he i hi he fie d e a e; b i di g, i i hef a d bbe , e cep
he i e, i i a ified hef de A . ha i i bbe he a f i e, che ,
310.) he c ed/ ea ed ece ac e i b e i
he h e b i di g a e he ef a d
N e : b e ide.
1. Ta i g i c a ed he e he 10. Whe a e e e a f ece
ffe de ha f e i f he hi g e e e e , he i e ed be he hief
if he did ha e a i di e f fa e he ha a a i fac e a ai
he a e; i d e e ie a i ga a f hi e i .
ca i g a a . 11. Thef i NOT a c i i g ffe e.
2. The a i g be acc a ied b he 12. The e i f a ed hef .
i e i , a he i e f he a i g, f
i hh di g he hi g i h cha ac e f Thef and Robber , Dis ing ished
e a e c . (People . Rico, e al. C.A., 50 THEFT ROBBERY
O.G. 3103; Peple . Galang, e al. C.A., 43 If i e ce
O.G. 577) i i ida i i
3. I e gai i e ed f he a f If i e ce c i ed af e
a i g, e cep if he e a e he hi g i i ida i i a i g i c ee
f a he be ie i g i g d fai h ha i i c i ed af e hich e i
hi . a i g i c ee h icide, a e,
4. Ac a ea gai i ece a ; i i e aae - i hed i e i a iai ,
e gh ha a i g he e , he ci e ei h ica
acc ed a ac a ed b he de i e i e i ie ecia
gai . c e ci e
5. [LEONEN] The e i e ce f he DARAB A f ce eeded
Deci i ad dica i g he i e f e a c F ce a be
f a i g ( hich i
be ee he ffe ded a a d he ffe de e ed e e;
de f ce
ega e he e i e ce f he e e e ha he f ce eeded f
hi g i bbe ; e.g.
a i g a d e ih he e' c e . a i g (e.g.
a chi g) i
The DARAB Deci i i ie ha he a chi g) i a
ab bed i hef ;  
ffe de had egi i a e a h i ha e f/ab bed i he
f ce e ai ed i he
he abaca. (Lig a . People, G.R. No. a i g
e aae ci e
200751, A g 17, 2015)
Page 201 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
e i g f iv. C c a e f he e i e f
i e ce a a a i ( he he i i he ee
i i ida i af e de i ed he g d),
a i g i c ee i v. Fi h f a fi h d fi he ;
a ee e f h e d. O he cca i f fi e, ea h a e,
e aaeci e h , ca ic e i , a
I i ece a ha he ca a i , ehic a accide
Lac f c e b
a i g be ci i di ba ce
he e i
agai he i f he
fficie .
e. Ele e :
1. Ta i g f e a e ;
Thef and Es afa, Dis ing ished 2. Said e be g a he ;
THEFT ESTAFA 3. Said a i g be d e i h i e gai ;
If a e ia If idica e i 4. I be d e i h he e c e ;
e i (i.e. i a fe ed (e ., b 5. I be acc i hed ih he e f
c d f b ec ) a c ac f i e ce i i ida i agai e ,
a gi e he bai e ) he f f ce hi g ; a d
acc ed a d i i acc ed a d he 6. I be d e de a f he a if i g
ac a a e b hi a e he e ci c a ce .
ih i e ihi e gai
e ; a e ia N e :
e i /c d 1. G a e ab e f c fide ce ece i a e
i e e gi e , a high deg ee f c fide ce be ee he
b b ai ed b , he ffe de a d he ffe ded a . (e . g e );
acc ed h gh he e be a a ega i i he i f ai
a i g he b ec f f f a eai b ea f
ih he e de e de ce, g a dia hi igi a ce,
c e a d ih be ee he acc ed a d he ffe ded a ,
i e gai ha ha c ea ed a high deg ee f
c fide ce be ee he .
Ar 309. Penal ies 2. [LEONEN] I a ca e he e he d e ic
he e ecei ed a ca f a a ge bi g
Ba i f e al : he a ab e i e f he e e beca e
1. The a e f he hi g e ; he a e a i ed i a accide , a d
2. The a e a d he a e f he hi g a e ; he a e f d ha hi a e, he
C f d he he e g i f a ified hef
3. The ci c a ce ca e ha i e ed beca e i a c ea ha i a he h
he c i c i he c i e he a ab e a d he fac ha he did
a e e a a e he i a i de i e
Ar 310. Q alified Thef a i g b c - e a d ec i
Ac f hef c i ed: e e, a c a h a
a. B a d e ic e a , e e ie ce. (People . Meja e , G.R.
225735, Jan a 10, 2018)
b. Wi h g a e ab e f c fide ce,
3. Thef i a ified if i i c i ed b e h
c. The e e i a:
ha acce he ace he e e
i. M ehic e,
ii. Mai a e , e i e . (e . ec i g a d , e e )
iii. La ge ca e, 4. A ba e ee a e e ed i h he
e i f e f he ba d e he
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c fide ce e ed i he a d a ch he Plea e ee SPL e ie e on  P.D. 1612 An i-

cc ii f c fide ce. Th , he Fencing La & I Implemen ing R le and
a ba a age i e a age chec i Reg la ion p. 252
de a e e f ce ai acc
be efi hi e f a d a he , ch a age i Cha e 4: U ai
g i f a ified hef . (PNB . T ia, G.R. No.
193250, Ap il 25, 2012) Ar . 312. Occ pa ion of Real Proper or
5. Thef b a ab e i i e hef ; a Us rpa ion of Real Righ s in Proper
hef b a h e aei a ified hef . A e h , b ea f i e ce
6. N ai he a ie he he e i a agai i i ida i f e , ha a e
c ac a e a i hi be ee he acc ed e i fa ea e ha
a dc ai a . a ea igh i e be gi g
7. Thef b a d e ic e a i al a a he
a ified.
8. PD 705: A e h di ec i di ec
Ele e :
c , ga he , e e , gg e i be ,
1. Tha he ffe de a e e i f a
he f e d c f a f he b ic
ea e , a ea igh i
f e i e a i ed i h Q a ified Thef .
e ;
2. Tha he ea e ea igh be g
O he Ci c a ce
a he ;
1. Thef f ehic e A i-Ca a i g Ac
3. Tha i e ce agai i i ida i f
f 2016 (R.A. 10883)
e i ed b he ffe de i cc i g
2. Thef f a ge ca e A i-Ca e R i g La
ea e ai f ea igh i
f 1974 (P.D. N . 533)
e ;a d
Ele e : [LEONEN]
4. Tha he e i i e gai .
a. a ge ca e i a e ;
b. i be g a he ;
Us rpa ion and Thef or Robber ,
c. he a i g i d e i h he c e f
Dis ing ished
he e ai e ;
USURPATION THEFT OR ROBBERY
d. he a i g i d e b a ea , e h d,
Occ a i Ta i g a ai
che e;
ai
e. he a i g i d e i h ih i e
gai ; a d, I e ea e I e e a
f. he a i g i acc i hed i h ih ea igh e
i e ce i i ida i agai e I e gai
f ce hi g (Lope . People,
G.R. No. 212186, J ne 29, 2016) N e :
1. Vi e ce/i i ida i be he ea
Ar 311. Thef of he Proper of he Na ional ed i cc i g ea e i g
Librar and Na ional M se m ea igh be gi g a he .
Ge e al R le: I ha a fi ed e a ega d e f 2. C i i a ac i i a ba ci i ac i f
i a e A e Ma a fi e a gi g f f cib e e .
40,000 100,000, b h. 3. Whe he e i i e gai , he c i e
c i ed i c e ci .
E cep ion: When a highe penal ho ld be 4. Whe he e i i e ce ed a d i e
p o ided nde o he p o i ion of hi Code. gai , he c i e i a ici i chief.
(e.g. hef i h ab e of confidence penal fo
alified hef ) (Amended b RA 10951)
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Ar . 313. Al ering Bo ndaries or Landmarks ha e bee ad dged

A e h ha a e he b da ba i e .
a e f , i ce ,
e ae , a he a i e ded Cha e 6: S i dli g a d O he Decei
de ig a e he b da ie f he a e
Ar . 315. S indling (Es afa)
Ele e :
1. Tha he e be b da a e Ele e , i Ge e al:
f , i ce , e ae , a he 1. Acc ed def a ded a he ;
a i e ded de ig a e he b da ie 2. Da age e dice ca ab e f ec ia
f he a e; a d e i a i i ca ed he ffe ded a
2. Tha he ffe de a e aid b da a . hi d e ;
3. The e e e f da age e dice a
N e : c i i :
1. I e gai fa d e i e i a. The ffe ded a bei g de i ed f hi
ece a ; e e a e a i i fficie e e , a a e f he
2. A e ha a ge e a a d i defi i e ea i g: def a da i ;
a e e hi g diffe e ih cha gi g b. Di ba ce i e igh ;
i i e hi g e e. c. Te a e dice.
Cha e 5: C l able I l e c N e:
F a d, i i ge e a e e, i dee ed
Ar . 314. Fra d len Insol enc c i e a hi g ca c a ed decei e,
A e h ha ab c d i h hi i c di g a ac , i i , a d c cea e
e he e dice f hi c edi i i g a b each f ega e i ab e d , ,
c fide ce e ed, e i g i da age
Ele e : (DAP) (3) a he , b hich a d e a d
1. Offe de i a Deb , ha i , he ha c cie i ad a age i a e f a he .
b iga i d e a d a ab e;
2. Offe de Ab c d i h hi e ;a d Th ee a fc i i gE afa
3. Tha he e be P e dice hi c edi . 1. Wi h fai hf e ab e f c fide ce;
2. B ea f fa e e e e fa d e
N e : ac ;
1. Ac a e dice i e i ed; e ei e i 3. Th gh F a d e Mea .
e dice i fficie .
2. Ma i e ea e Fi a f c i i g E afa (B
U fai hf l e Ab e f C fide ce)
Fra d len Insol enc nder RPC and
Insol enc nder Insol enc La , Ac P i hable (3 Ac ):
Dis ing ished 1. B a e i g he b a ce
FRAUDULENT  2. B i a ia i c e i
INSOLVENCY  LAW 3. B a i g d e ad a age f he ig a e
INSOLVENCY
f he ffe ded a i b a
I i i f The ci i a ac
i e c h d ha e bee
Ele e f Al e i g he S b a ce
ceedi g i c i ed af e he
1. Offe de ha a e b iga i de i e
ece a . I i i i i f
e hi g f a e;
e i ed ha he i e c
defe da h d ceedi g .
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2. He a e i b a ce, a i , ai ; af e a c i i a i f ai /c ai ha
a d a ead bee fi ed.
3. Da age e dice i ca ed a he 6. The e i e afa h gh eg ige ce.
N e Sec d Ele e f Mi a ia i
1. Whe he e i ag ee e a he a i C e i : Th ee a fc i i g E afa
f he hi g be de i e ed, he de i e f he i h Ab e f C fide ce
hi g i a ae acce ab e he 1. B i a ia i g he hi g ecei ed.
c ai a i e afa. Mi a ia i ea a i g e hi g f
2. C i e a a i e e e h gh he b iga i e be efi .
i ba ed a i a i ega 2. B c e i g he hi g ecei ed. C e i
c ide a i . ea i g di i g f a he
e a if i e e e .
Ele e f Mi a ia i C e i The d c e a d i a ia e
1. M e , g d , he e a e ae c e a ac f i g di i g f a he
ecei ed b he ffe de i , e a if i e e e de i g i a
c i i , f ad i i a i , de e e diffe e f ha ag eed .
a he b iga i i i g he d 3. B de i g ha he hi g a ecei ed.
a e de i e f, e , he a e;
2. S ch e e i i a ia ed Thi d ele e f Mi a ia i
b he ffe de , i de ied bei g ecei ed C e i : P ej dice befalli g a he
b hi ; ea a hi d e ,a d e el he
3. S ch i a ia i c e i e
de ia i he e dice f a he ; a d 1. A a e a be iab e f e afa if he
4. The e i a de a d ade b he ffe ded i a ia e he ha e f a he a e
a he ffe de acc f he i fi if he ecei e e / e f
e a ecific ea d ae i a ia e
i
N e :
1. J idica e i ( igh f e i F h ele e f Mi a ia i
hich a be e agai i e) i C e i : De a d, h gh e i ed
a fe ed. b he i i f la , i ece a
2. T a fe f idica e i i di i c ide ci c a ial e ide ce, if he e i
f (a) a fe f a e ia e i hich fail e acc de a d
e i hef , (b) a fe f e hi 1. De a d i di e ed i h e e if:
hich e i ci i iabi i . a. The ffe de ca be ca ed
3. I i e ed ha he e i f, a d i e (BUT People . Villega [56 O.G. 11, 1938]
, he hi g de i e ed e ai i he e, he d ha if he ffe de i i hidi g, i i a
he he de i e f a cha e ha he c ea i dica i f a e edi a ed
effec f a fe i g he idica e i i e i ab c d i h he hi g
he e f, i e he e . ecei ed a d he ffe de c d ha e
4. I c de a i-c ac a d ce ai c ied i h he de a d e e if ade,
c ac f bai e (de i , ea e, he ce, de a d i ece a .)
c da , b [ a f b. The e a a ag ee e a ecific
e ]) i e f de i e e f he hi g
5. C i i a iabi i f e afa i affec ed b ecei ed
b e e ai fc ac af e e afa (BUT People . Lib ea [48 O.G. 5305] he d
ha a ead bee c a ed i c ed, ha , if he ecei ig ed b he acc ed
i a ed a ecified da e f he e
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ATENEO CENTRAL
f he hi g, ch ecified da e i i i e f Offe de i a i a e
a de a d, di e i g i h he eed f a i di id a e e a Offe de i a a
b e e de a d be ade.) b ic ffice h i b ic ffice h i
acc able f acc able f he
Es afa and Thef i h ab se of confidence, b ic b ic f d / e
Dis ing ished f d / e
THEFT WITH Ci e i c i ed b
ESTAFA ABUSE OF a ia i g, aki g,
Ci e i c i ed
CONFIDENCE
b
Offe de ecei e he Offe de a e he i a ia i g/
i a ia i g,
hi g f he hi f he ffe ded c e i g,
c e i g,
ffe ded a a h gh
de i g ha i g
I ecei i g he hi g, aba d e
ecei ed e ,
I ecei i g he hi g, he ffe de ac i e eglige ce,
g d he
he ffe de ac i e a e ia e i i g a he
e a e
a e ia b a i e a e he
a idica e i , hi e he b ic f d / e
e i f he idica e i
hi g. e ai ih he Ele e f Taki g U d e Ad a age f he
ffe ded a . Sig a e f he Offe ded Pa i Bla k
1. The a e i h he ig a e f he ffe ded
Te di i g i h E afa f Thef : a i ba ;
1. Whe he he e e ec he i edia e 2. The ffe ded a h d ha e de i e ed i
e f he hi g he de i e ed he ffe de ;
acc ed: 3. Ab e he ig a e f he ffe ded a i
a. if e , i i hef ; he he i e b a a e, a d c e i
b. he i e, i i e afa; EXCEPTION: i e b he ffe de i h a h i d
he e he ffe de i a e a , ;a d
d e ic, e ee i h c d 4. The d c e i e c ea e a iabi i f,
f he hi g de i e ed i eca i ca e da age , he ffe ded a
a df a e a e f a h a hi d e .
e i d, he ce, idica c ci e
e i e ai i h he e N e: If he b a a e i h he ffe ded a
(C ci e e i i he he ig a e a e , he c i e i fa ifica i if
e i ha , de hi c a d he ffe de ade i a ea ha he ic i
a age e a d b ec hi a ici a ed i a a ac i , he i fac he did
di i i , he hi g e e if ac a a ici a e he ei .
h ica e i i a ead
a fe ed). Sec d a fc i i g E afa (B Mea
f Decei )
Es afa and Mal ersa ion, Dis ing ished Ele e , i Ge e al:
ESTAFA WITH MALVERSATION 1. The e be a fa e e e e, f a d e
ABUSE OF (ART. 217) ac fa d e ea ;
CONFIDENCE 2. S ch fa e e e e, f a d e ac
Offe de a e e ed i h f d e fa d e ea be ade e ec ed
C ide ed a a c i i g ffe e i i a e ih he
c i i f he f a d;
A a i e I e b ic f d
i aef d e
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3. The ffe ded a ha e e ied he 2. B al e i g he ali , fi e e , eigh

fa e e e e, f a d e ac , fa d e fa hi g e ai i g he ffe de a
ea , ha i , he a i d ced a ih b i e
hi e e beca e f he fa e
e e e, f a d e ac , fa d e 3. B e e di g ha e b ibed a
ea ; a d G e e e l ee, i h ej dice
4. A a e he e f, he ffe ded a he ac i f cal hich he
ffe ed da age ffe ded a a dee e bi g
agai he ffe de
Es afa b means of decei and Thef ,
Dis ing ished 4. B da i g a check, i i g a check
ESTAFA BY MEANS i a e f a bliga i he he
THEFT
OF DECEIT ffe de had f d i he ba k, hi
I e b h a e ia f d de i ed he ei ee
I e a e ia fficie c e he a f he
h ica
h ica check
e i a d
e i a. P i a facie e ide ce f decei : fai e
idica e i
A a i e Ma a de i he a ece a c e
decei i e decei chec i hi h ee (3) da f ecei
f ice f ba f di h f
Ac P i hable: i fficie c f f d
1. B i g fic i i a e, b fal el b. The chec i ed be ge i e, a d
e e di g e (a) e , (b) fa ified; he i e, i i e afa b
i fl e ce, (c) alifica i , (d) e , ea f fa e ee e h gh
(e) c edi , (f) age c , (g) b i e , (h) fa ifica i .
i agi a a ac i , b ea f c. The b iga i c e ed b he chec
he i ila decei be c ac ed a he i e f he
a. I i i di e ab e ha he e e e f i a ce a d de i e f he chec ;
decei (i.e., he fa e ae e he i e (i.e., if f a e-e i i i g
f a d e e e e a i ) be ade i b iga i ), he e i e afa.
, a ea i a e i h, he d. The acc ed be ab e b ai
de i e f he hi g, ch ha he decei e hi g f he ffe ded a b
ed c i e he e ca e he ea f he chec da age d e
i e hich i d ce he he ffe ded a .
c ai a a i h he hi g e. The e i e afa if he da ed chec
ae i ed a d i e ded e e a a
N e: P i Sche e i dica ed E afa defi ed ec i .
de a ag a h 2(a) f A . 315, i e a i PD f. The a ee h d ha e bee
1689 (Dec ee I c ea i g he Pe a f ce ai i f ed b he ffe de a d he a ee
f f S i d i g a d E afa). I i a e f h d ha e ha he ffe de
i e e f a d ha i e he a e f had f d i fficie f d . (Andan
ed e e i i gi e f f d People, GR No 136388, Ma ch 14,
c ib ed b e i e .I ga i e fe 2006)
ici e i e b i i g i e f d
i i ie c ai ed ge e a e high e
ih i e i .
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Es afa and Bo ncing Checks La (B.P. 22), Thi d a f c i i g E afa (B

Dis ing ished F a d le Mea )
ESTAFA BY
BOUNCING
POSTDATING A Ac P i hable (3 Ac ):
CHECKS LAW
CHECK 1. B i d ci g a he ig a
Offe de e ed N decei e ed d c e
decei (mal m p ohibi m) Ele e :
Pa ee e N da age a. The ffe de i d ced he ffe ded a
i g ecei i g he ece a ig a d c e ;
chec be b. Decei a e ed a e he ffe ded
def a ded a ig he d c e ;
da aged (da age c. The ffe ded a e a ig ed he
bei g he ba i f d c e ;a d
e a ) d. P e dice a ca ed
D e c e Ma be i ed
chec i ed f a c e f e-e i i g Es afa and Falsifica ion, Dis ing ished
e-e i i g b iga i (f ESTAFA BY
b iga i acc a e) INDUCING
FALSIFICATION
ANOTHER TO SIGN
ANY DOCUMENT
Plea e ee SPL e ie e on: Bo ncing
Check La (B.P. 22) and Admini a i e Mi e e e a i Offe ded a a
Ci c la No. 12-2000 Re: Penal fo Viola ion a he cha ac e f i i g a d ead f
of B.P. 22 he d c e he begi i g ig
e ec ed he d c e , i he
Admini a i e Ci c la No. 13-3001 Re: be ief i c ai ed
Cla ifica ion of A.C. 12- 2000) and P.D. No. ae e ade b
1689 (Inc ea ing he Penal fo Ce ain hi ; b he ffe de ,
Fo m of S indling on E afa). i e ai g he
d c e , a ib ed
he ffe ded a
5. B a f he f ll i g ac c i ed a
a h el, i , e a a , b a di g h e, ae e diffe e
f h e ac a
l dgi g h e, a a e h e
ade b hi
a. B b ai i g f d, ef e h e
acc da i he ei ih a i g
he ef , ih i e def a d he 2. B e i g e f a d le ac ice
ie a age he e f; i e cce i a ga bli g ga e
b. B b ai i g c edi he ei b he e f
a fa e e e e; a d 3. B e i g, c ceali g de i g
c. B aba d i g e ii d c e
e i g a a f hi baggage f Ele e :
he ei af e b ai i g c edi , f d, a. The e a e c ec d , ffice fi e ,
ef e h e , acc da i he ei , d c e a he a e ;
ih a i g he ef b. The ffe de e ed, c cea ed,
de ed a f he ; a d
c. The ffe de had i e def a d a he
Page 208 of 354

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Ele e f he C le C i e f E afa Es afa and Infideli in c s od of

h gh Fal ifica i doc men s, Dis ing ished
1. Fo E afa: ESTAFA BY
a. Decei REMOVING, INFIDELITY IN
b. Da age CONCEALING, OR CUSTODY OF
2. Fo Fal ifica ion: DESTROYING DOCUMENTS
a. The ffe de i a b ic ffice , DOCUMENTS
e ee, a b ic; Si i a i he a e f c i i g he ffe e
b. He a e ad a age f hi fficia Offe de i a i a e Offe de i a b ic
ii ; i di id a e e a ffice h i fficia
c. He fa ifie a d c e b c i i g b ic ffice h i e ed ih he
a f he ac defi ed de A . 171 f fficia e ed d c e
he RPC i h he d c e
I e def a d I e def a d i
N e : e i ed e i ed
1. The e i c e c i e f e afa h gh
fa ifica i f i aed c e .
C le C i e f E afa a d Thef
2. If he fa ifica i f a i ae d c e i
I i c i ed he hef i e ed a a
c i ed a a ea c i e afa, he ece a ea c i e afa. (People .
e c i e be cha ged i fa ifica i . Y a , 60 Phil. 598)
3. If he e afa ca be c i ed ih
ece i f fa if i g a d c e , he e
Ill ai :A a h ic e hich he
ci e be cha ged i e afa. (Ba lanon
e ed B f afe ee i g. A f g ab he
People, GR No 139857, Sep embe 15, e e a d a ee a e , C he ic e
2006) f B a d ef ed e i , de i e i i e
4. [LEONEN] A b ic fficia a f d iab e
de a d ade b B f he e . The , i g a
f he c e ci e f e afa h gh
fic i i a e, C edee ed e e i g he
fa ifica i f b ic d c e he he
ic e i h he edge a d c e fAa d
ig ed he d c e gi e hi b hi B. C c i ed hef , a a ece a ea
b di a e g a i g fi a cia g a a c i e afa: C he ic e i h i e gai
fic i i NGO. The ec ia ci c a ce
a d ih he c e f ei he A B. C he
a e da h d ha e ed a highe
ed a fic i i a e edee he e e ,
deg ee f ci c ec i he a f he
he eb c i i g e afa.
b ic fficia a d ece a i , he h d g
be d ha hi b di a e e a ed. N e :
(E coba . People, G.R. No. 205576,
1. Da age ca ed i h decei ih
No embe 20, 2017)
ab e f c fide ce gi e i e ci i
iabi i .
Es afa and Malicio s Mischief, Dis ing ished 2. O e hi i no a ece a e e e f
ESTAFA BY e afa. I a ca e, A ha ded a chec ig ed
MALICIOUS
DESTROYING b hi fa he B f he e f
MISCHIEF
DOCUMENTS e cha gi g he e a a ed i he
I e def a d I e def a d i chec ihd a .B b e e a a a
e i ed e i ed i h he chec ih gi i g he a ia e
d a e i ae . A a e B e e if he
f e d e he f d f he chec
a e b B.
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ATENEO CENTRAL
3. If he b ec a e f he ffe e i ge e ic 3. Tha he ffe de h d ha e E ec ed a

a d ide ifiab e, ch a e ac f e hi ( e i g, ea i g,
a f a e ,a e i he de ig a i e c be i g gagi g he ea
f he ffe ded a i fa a a d d e e ); a d
i he ac i a f he acc ed. H e e , if 4. Tha he ac be ade he P ej dice f he
he b ec a e f he ffe e i ecific e a hi d e
a d ide ifiab e, ch a a a a , a chec ,
e e ie , a e i he de ig a i f he N e:
ffe ded a i i a e ia f he e C ai f e hi i diffe e f ee e f
fc ic i g he acc ed. (Se ad . Jai e, e hi : a g d fai h c ai a f e hi
G.R. N . 201620, 2013) ca be c ide ed a ee e e de f
e hi , e e if hi c ai i defec i e; he ce,
Ar 316. O her Forms of S indling he c ai a i iab e de he a ic e.
P i hable Ac (6):
1. C e i g, e i g, e c be i g, Firs ac nder o her forms of s indling (Ar .
gagi g a ea e , e e di g 316, para. 1) and Es afa b falsel pre ending
be he e f he a e o possess proper (Ar . 315, para. 2(a)),
2. Di i g f ea e a f ee f Dis ing ished
e c b a ce, a h gh ch Fi ac de E afa b fal el
e c b a ce be ec ded he f f e e di g
3. W gf a i g b he e f hi i dli g e e
e a e f i a f Refe ea C e b h ea a d
e e e a e
4. E ec i g a fic i i c ac he C e a ecific
e dice f a he (a di i g i hed i ai he e he
f fa d e i e c ,h e e) ffe de e e ci e
5. Acce i g a c e ai f e ice e ec e , a a f
e de ed he fa e Need e e ci e
6. Se i g gagi g e c be i g e e e ai , e e ec e e ac f
ea e e ie i h hich he ac f d i i d i i e dice
ffe de g a a eed he f fi e f hi e hi f he he ea e
b iga i a e e he
da age a d
N e: e dice f he ea
The e be ac a da age, ee i e e f he hi g
ca e da age, i ie f he ba i f he
e a hich i he a e f he da age ca ed. B di i g f eal e a f ee f
e c b a ce, al h gh ch e c b a ce
B c e i g, elli g, e c be i g, be ec ded
gagi g a eal e , e e di g
be he e f he a e Ele e (F-R-E-D) (4)
1. Tha he hi g di ed f be Real e ;
Ele e (I-N-E-P) (4) 2. Tha he ffe de k e ha he eal
1. Tha he hi g be I able, ch a a e a E c be ed, he he he
a ce f a d a b i di g; e c b a ce i ec ded ;
2. Tha he ffe de , h i N he e f 3. Tha he e be e e e e e ai
aid e , e e e ed ha he i he b he ffe de ha he eal e i
e he e f; F ee f e c b a ce; a d
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ATENEO CENTRAL
4. Tha he ac f di i g f he ea e Es afa b e ec ing fic i io s con rac (Ar .

be ade he Da age f a he 316, para. 4) and Fra d len Insol enc , (Ar .
314) Dis ing ished
N e : ESTAFA BY FRAUDULENT
1. The e c b a ce be ega EXECUTING ANY INSOLVENCY  A .
c i ed, i h a di g he i i FICTITIOUS 314
a h gh ch e c b a ce be CONTRACT
ec ded . Offe de i a e a The c e a ce i
2. The e c b a ce i c de e e igh c e a ce f hi ea a d ade f a
i e e i he a d hich e i i fa f e c ide a i
hi d e
3. The ffe ded a ha e bee B acce i g a c e ai f e ice
decei ed, i.e., he d ha e g a ed he e de ed
a had he ha he e a
a ead e c be ed. N e :
4. If e a e i i ed, a A . 1. Thi c i e e i e f a d; he i e, i
319. i debi i e f hich a ci i b iga i
ai e .
B he e gf ll aki g hi e al 2. If he e i a e f a deb i de i e ed
e f i la f l e a g e a d aid e ef ed
fai ed e he e he e
Ele e : he eaf e , i i e afa b de ia f ecei f
1. Tha he ffe de i he e f e a e , de A . 315, 1(b).
e ;
2. Tha aid e a e i i he a f B elli g gagi g e c be i g eal
e i f a he ; e e ie i h hich he ffe de
3. Tha he ffe de gf a e i f i g a a eed he f lfill e f hi bliga i a
a f e ;a d e
4. Tha e dice i he eb ca ed he Ele e :
e hi d e 1. Tha he ffe de i a e i a b d gi e
i aci i a ci i ac i ;
N e : 2. Tha he g a a eed he f fi e f ch
1. The ac i i hab e a hef he he e b iga i i h hi ea e e ie ;
fa e i ih he c e f he 3. Tha he e , gage , , i a he
a f e , he cha ged he a e , e c be aid ea e ;
e i h he a e f he e , 4. Tha ch a e, gage e c b a ce i
beca e he e i i e gai . a. i h e e a h i f he c ,
2. W gf a i g d e i c de i e ce:
a. Wi h i e gai a hi i bbe ; b. ade bef e he ca ce a i f hi b d,
b. Wi h i e gai a hi i g a e
c e ci . c. ade bef e bei g e ie ed f he
b iga i c ac ed b hi
B e ec i g a fic i i c ac he
ej dice f a he di i g i hed f Ar . 317. S indling a Minor
f a d le i l e c A e h , a i g ad a age f he
i e e ie ce e i fee i g f a
i , hi de i e , ha i d ce hi
a ea b iga i gi e a e ea e
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ATENEO CENTRAL
e ec e a a fe f a e igh i N e :
c ide a i f e a f e , c edi 1. Da age he ffe ded a i e i ed.
he e a e , he he he a 2. Sc e a he i d f c cei ab e decei
c ea a ea i he d c e i h a fa de hi a ic e
i a he f
E a le: [LEONEN] X, a age fa i a ce
Ele e : c a , a c ic ed f he c i e f e afa
1. Tha he ffe de a e ad a age f he f a eged i d ci g Y e e i afa d e
i e e ie ce e i fee i g f a i e e i . X ade
i ; i e e e ai Y ha he a e e
2. Tha he i d ce ch i d be i e ed i he i a ce c a a d
a. a e a b iga i , a i e e c a . X did e
b. gi e e ea e, a decei i ici i g Y i e e beca e
c. e ec e a a fe f a e he did e a fic i i a e ee d
igh ; e , e , age c , ce ai a ifica i ,
3. Tha he c ide a i i ha X ac d fa de A . 315 (2)(a).
a. e a f e , B he a be he d iab e f he decei de
b. c edi , A ic e 318, hich i i e ded a a ca ch-a
c. he e a e ;a d i i c e a he i d f decei
4. Tha he a ac i i he de i e f fa i g de A ic e 315, 316, a d 317 f he
ch i Re i ed Pe a C de. (O o io . People, G.R. No.
207711, J l 2, 2018)
N e :
1. I i fficie ha he ffe de a e Cha e 7: Cha el M gage
ad a age f he i e e ie ce e i f
he i . Ar . 319. Remo al, Sale or Pledge of
2. Ac a f f decei i e e e ai i Mor gaged Proper
ece a . P i hable Ac : (2)
3. Rea e i i c ded. 1. K i g e i g gaged e a
e
Ar . 318. O her Decei s 2. Se i g edgi g e a e
A e h ha def a d da age a ead edged
a he b a he decei e i ed i
he ecedi g a ic e f hi cha e . Ele e fK i gl Re i g M gaged
Pe al P e (5)
A e h , f fi gai , ha 1. Tha e a e i gaged de
i e e d ea , a e f eca , e he Cha e M gage La ;
f e , a e ad a age f he c ed i f 2. Tha he ffe de ha ch e i
he b ic i a he i i a a e gaged;
3. Tha he e e ch gaged e a
P i hable Ac : e a i ce ci he ha he
1. B def a di g da agi g a he b a ei hich i a ca ed a he i e f he
he decei e i ed i ecedi g e ec i f he gage;
a ic e ; a d 4. Tha he e a i e a e ;a d
2. B i e e i g d ea , a i g f eca , 5. Tha he e i i e c e f he
f e- e i g, b a i g ad a age f he gagee hi e ec , ad i i a
c ed i f he b ic i a he i i a a ig ee ch e a.
a e,f fi gai .
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N e : h d i f he c e f he
1. The ffe de eed be he gag ; i cha e ha he gagee i ii g
a be a e . hi g d i
2. P ei ec gagee h h d gaged
be ab e ha e a ead acce , a d ea C e f
each f, he e b ec f gage. gagee i
3. Cha e gage be egi e ed. C e f gagee
a e ia ; edge
4. Re a be c ed i h i e i i a e ia
a e c b a ce i
def a d.
5. Fi i g a ci i ac i f c ec i i ead f P ei ec P ei ec
f ec e f cha e gage e ie e he he gagee he cha e
acc ed f c i i a e ibi i B hi e he e i g f gaged e
Ele e f Selli g Pledgi g Pe al Cha e 8: A a d O he C i e I l i g

P e Al ead Pledged (3) De ci
1. Tha e a e i a ead edged
de he e f he Cha e M gage La ;
A i he a ici de ci f e b
2. Tha he ffe de , h i he gag f
fi e.
ch e , e edge he a e
a a he e f; a d Th ee ca eg ie f he c i e f A :
3. Tha he e i c e f he gagee
1. De ci eA (A . 320, a a e ded b
i e he bac f he gage a d e
R.A. 7659);
he ec d he e f i he ffice f he
2. Si eA (Sec. 1, P.D. 1613); a d
egi e f deed 3. O he ca e f a (Sec. 3, P.D. 1613).
N e:
P i hable Ac /Pe Liable:
Da age gagee i e e ia . If da age
The e a f recl sion perpe a o dea h ha
acc e , i a gi e i e e afa b ea f
be i ed :
decei . 1. A e h ha b (7 ac )
a. O e e b i di g edifice ,
Selling or pledging proper alread pledged
c e e e i g e ac
(Ar . 319, para. 2) and Es afa b disposing of
i a e ac f b i g;
enc mbered proper (Ar . 316, para. 2),
b. B i di g f b ic i ae e hi
Dis ing ished ge e a e b ic he e e e
SELLING OR ESTAFA BY a ga he c g ega e f a
PLEDGING DISPOSING OF e, ega d e f he he he
PROPERTY ENCUMBERED ffe de had edge ha he e a e
ALREADY PROPERTY e e e he he b i di g i
PLEDGED i habi ed ;
Pe a e i c. T ai c i e, hi e e,
i ed (e ce if Rea e i ai hi ai a e, f a ai
h e i b ec i ed c e a ce, b ic e, ei e
cha e gage) e e ai e ;
C i ed b he S fficie ha he ea d. B i di g, fac , a eh ei a ai ,
e e fai e b ai e gaged be a da a e a ce he e f e ice
he c e f he d a f ee, e e f b ic i i ie ;
gagee i i i g, h gh he e d a e. A b i di g c cea /de
e e if he ffe de ha e b ai ed he i ci i a e ide ce, c cea
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ATENEO CENTRAL
ba c , def a d c edi , c ec Sec d, he e ide ce a c edib e a d fficie

f i a ce; e ha he ffe de e ed a fe h
f. A e a , hi a d, eh e, iia a e a d ade hi a he ic i i ah .
e fi e fac , di a ce, Thi d, he e ide ce a a c edib e a d
a chi e ge e a e f he fficie e ha he ffe de a i c e
G e e ;a d i i he i a h bef e i ca gh fi e.
g. A fac / eh e fi fa ab e The i g i cide a d he b i g i cide
e i e a e ia , i a i habi ed ca be a e a d a a ed e a a e .
ace (Bace a . People,G.R. No. 204544)
2. T (2) e e a g f
e h de e b fi e G ideli e he dea h cc he
a. I e ec i e f he ab e e i ed cca i fA (a ecial c le c i e):
a if i g ci c a ce , a d 1. If he i e a b he b i di g, b
b. Rega d e f he he he e i dea h e he cca i b ea f
ee b de a a e b i g he b i di g, ARSON i c i ed,
ac c i a he i a i f a a d he h icide i ab bed.
2. If he e i i e i a a ic a e ,a d
Th ee (3) age he e ed a fi e a a ea f
1. A e ed: Offe de c e ce he acc i hi g he de i ed dea h f he ic i
c i i f he c i e di ec b e ac l MURDER i c i ed. A . 248
b he d e ef a ac f e ec i i c de a a a if i g ci c a ce he e
(i.e., a ab e igh fi e) d e i e f fi e.
i e e i f a he . I i ece a 3. If he b ec i e i i a a ic a e ,
ha he e be a fi e (e.g., aci g ag a ed a d i fac , he ffe de had i ed he ic i ,
i ga i e be ide he de a f b i di g a d fi e i e ed a a ea c e he
fficie ). i i g, he e a e e aae ci e
2. F a ed: Offe de a ab e igh e c i ed MURDER a d ARSON.
fi e he i e b i di g, b he fi e a 4. U de The A i-Te i Ac f 2020
bef e a a f i a b ed (R.A. 11479), hich e e e ea ed he
3. C a ed: Offe de a ab e igh a H a Sec i Ac , he c i e f a i
fi e a d b a ea a a f b i di g (e.g., ge e e c ide ed a edica e
cha i g f he d he eb he fibe f he c i e - ecific c i e ac hich c d
d i de ed); EXCEPTION: he he c i e e i a e e a ed i Sec i
c e f a b i di g e e e fi e, a 3 f R.A. 9372. H e e , he ac f a
f he b i di g eed be b ed i de ha a i a e i de he
he e be c a ed a b ade f ai f e i de
Sec i 4 (b) a d (c) f R.A. 11479 he e
E a le: [LEONEN] I hi ca e, e a e i i c i ed b a e , h ,
he ffe de ac a e fi e he i a h . i hi ide he Phi i i e , ega d e
Ne e he e , he ec i ha e ab i hed f he age f e ec i , e gage i ac
i e ci c a ce , hich, af e bei g i e ded ca e e e i e da age
c ide ed i hei e i e , he de ci ag e e b ic faci i ,
c c i ha eii e i g i be d b ic ace i ae e ca e
ea ab e d b f i ea . e e i e i e fe e ce i h, da age
Fi , he e ide ce a c edib e a d fficie de ci c i ica i f a c e he he
e ha he ffe de ed he ic i h e e f ch ac , b i a e a d
a d h ea e ed b hi . c e , i i ida e he ge e a b ic
eg e he e f, c ea e a a he e
ead he e age f fea , e
Page 214 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
i f e ce b i i ida i he g e e Ar . 327. Who Are Liable For Malicio s

a i e ai a ga i a i , ei Mischief
de abi i e de he f da e a A e h ha de ibe a e ca e he
i ica , ec ic, cia c e f he e f a he a da age fa i g
c , c ea e a b ic e e ge c i hi he e f he e ecedi g cha e
ei de i e b ic afe .
5. The e i NO c e ci e f A ih Ele e f Malici Mi chief: (3)
(M i e) H icide. 1. Tha he ffe de de ibe a e ca ed
da age he e f a he ;
Des r c i e and Simple Arson, Dis ing ished 2. Tha ch ac d e c i e a
DESTRUCTIVE SIMPLE ARSON   he c i e i i g de ci ;a d
ARSON (ART. 320) (PD 1613) 3. Tha he ac f da agi g a he e
C e ae he be c i ed ee f he a e f
a ici b i g f da agi g i .
C e ae he
b ic a d i ae
a ici b i g f N e :
c e ,
c e , b h 1. Thi d e e e e e ha e, e e ge,
ega d e f i e,
b ic a d i a e, he e i i e f he ffe de he e e
i i c ded i A .
h e , b i di g , ea e f de i g
320. The e i c de
edifice , ai , 2. Da age i c de b a
h e , d e i g ,
e e , ai c af , di i i (e.g. defaci g a he h e)
g e e
fac ie a d he 3. If he e i a ice, a he da age
b i di g , fa ,
iia , g e e , e ed f aci e i cide a he
i , a ai ,
c e cia c i i f a he c i e, he e i
ai a , b
e ab i h e b ci i iabi i .
ai , ai ,
a e g 4. I e gai b e i g a i g e f
ha e , a d he
f e he f i b ec f a e af e i i
i d ia
e ab i h e da aged a e i hef (A 308 pa . 2).
Plea e ee SPL e ie e on:
1. P.D. 1613 An i-A on La Ar . 328. Special Cases of Malicio s Mischief
2. P.D. 1613 E p e l Repealed o A e h ha ca e da age
Amended  A . 320-326(B); b c he e f a ce f b ic f c i ,
3. P.D. 1744 Then Re i ed A . 320; ea i c i e b a ce;
4. R.A. 7659 Amended The P o i ion Of ead a i fec i c agi a g
A . 320; The P o i ion of P.D. 1613 ca e; h ca e da age he e
Incon i en i h R.A. 7659 a e Repealed. f he Na i a M e Na i a Lib a ,
a a chi e egi , ae , ad,
Cha e 9: Malici Mi chief e ade, a he hi g ed i
c b he b ic
Malici Mi chief i he i f da agi g f
a he e f he a e f ca i g Q alified Malici Mi chief (3):
da age d e ha e, e e ge, he e i 1. Ca i g da age b c ef a ce f
i e. b ic f c i ;
2. U i g a i c i e b a ce;
3. S eadi g a i fec i c agi a g
ca e; a d
4. Ca i g da age e f Na i a
M e Na i a Lib a , a a chi e
Page 215 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
egi , ae , ad, e ade, a. If he e i i e i , i i he

a he hi g ed i c b he c le ed c i e f da age
b ic. ea f c ica i ih
h icide (i e a i A . 48); a d
Di i g i hed f Sedi i b. If he e i i e i , a d da agi g he
A h gh b h i e he i e b c he ai a a ed acc i h he
ef a ce f b ic f c i , he e e e f ci i a e, i i de .
b ic a d i i gi e e i
A ic e 328. Ar . 331. Des ro ing or Damaging S a es,
P blic Mon men s, or Pain ings
Ar . 329. O her Mischiefs A e h ha de da age
Mi chief i c ded i A . 328 a e a he ef a e a
b ic e
E a le :
1. Scattering human excrement in public A e h ha de da age a
building ef a e a ai i g f a b ic
2. Killing of cow as an act of revenge (value of a e
damage cannot be estimated)
3. A servant releasing a bird from cage as an act P i hable Ac :
of hate against its owner (value of the bird as 1. De Da age a e a he
basis) ef a e a b ic e ;a d
2. De da age a ef a e a
Ar . 330. Damage and Obs r c ion o Means ai i g f a b ic a e
of Comm nica ion
A e h ha da age a ai a , Cha e 10: E e i f C i i al
e eg a h e e h e i e ( hich, f he Liabili i C i e agai P e
e f A ic e 330, e ai he e ec ic
i e , ac i cab e , ig a e a d Ar . 332. Persons E emp from Criminal
he hi g e ai i g ai a a Liabili
c i i g a i eg a a f a ai a N c i i a, b ci i , iabi i ha e
e ) f he c i i f he c i e f hef ,
i di g a ici i chief c i ed
N e : ca ed a b he f i g e :
1. I i c i ed b da agi g a ai a ( ha
i ,a c e fi e ), e eg a h, 1. S e , a ce da a d de ce da ,
ee h e i e . e a i e b affi i i he a e i e;
2. Te eg a h ee h e i e a
e ai a ai a e . 2. The id ed e i h e ec he
3. A de ai e f ca , c i i , he e hich be ged he decea ed
accide hich a a e f he da age e bef e he a e ha ha e a ed
d e ha be g df he i ii fa i he e i f a he ; a d
highe e a . B ch de ai e
ha e bee e gh b he ffe de . 3. B he a d i e a d b he -i - a
4. The b ec i e e ca e damage, a a d i e -i - a , if i i g ge he .
c c ed ih Ci e i i g
De c i (A . 324), he e he b ec i The e e i e ab i hed b hi a ic e ha
ca e de c ion. be a icab e a ge a ici a i g i
5. Whe e a e i ed: he c i i f he c i e
Page 216 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
N e : 2. Tha he ha e a i e c e ih a a
1. C i e i l ed i he E e i he h ba d; a d
a.Thef , 3. Tha a ega d he a ih h he ha
b.S i d i g (e afa), a d e a i ec e, he he be
c.Ma ici i chief a ied
2. Pe e e ed f c i i al liabili
f ch c i e he ca ed all b Pe Liable:
he agai each he 1. Ma ied a h e gage i e a
a.S e , a ce da a d de ce da , i ec e iha a he h ba d; a d
e a i e b affi i i he a e i e 2. The a h , i g f he a iage f he
b. The id ed e i h e ec he a , ha e a i ec e i h he
e hich be ged he decea ed
e bef e he a e a ed i he N e :
e i f a he 1. The gi f he c i e f ad e i he da ge
c. B he a d i e a d b he -i - a fi d ci g i hei i he fa i .
a d i e -i - a , if i i g ge he a he 2. Ca a edge a be ed b
i e f he c i i f he c i e ci c a ia e ide ce.
d. S e fa he / he , ad ed fa he / 3. Each e a i ec e c i e a
he , a a chi d e , c -a e a a e c i e f ad e . I i a
e, c c bi e, a a i c ded c i i g ffe e. A ac f i fide i
b e e c d ai c i e a e
N e : ffe e ha i b ec ci i a ec i .
1. The a ic e d e a a ge 4. N c i e f f a ed ad e
a ici a i g i he c i i f he c i e. 5. The ffe ded a be ega a ied
2. The e i ci i iabi i . he ffe de a he i e f fi i g he c ai .
3. D e a bbe e afa h gh a. B e e if he a iage i b e e
fa ifica i ; he ce, if a c i ed e afa dec a ed id, he e i i ad e he
h gh fa ifica i f a c e cia he ad e ac i c i ed bef e
d c e agai hi fa he , he i c i i a he a iage i dicia dec a ed
iab e f he c i e f fa ifica i . a d id i a fi a dg e .
6. Ac i a f e defe da d e eae
e d f ic a ac i a f he he :
a. The e a be a i c i i a i e
a h gh he e i a i h ica ac .
J. CRIMES AGAINST CHASTITY
b. O e f he a ie a be i a e a d he
Cha e 1: Ad l e a dC c bi age he i a e.
c. The a a ha he a
A . 333. Wh A e G il Of Ad l e i a ied.
Ad e i c i ed b a a ied e d. The dea h f he a d i g he
h ha ha e e a i e c e iha a e de c f he ac i ca defea he
he h ba d, a d b he a h ha ia a d c ic he a . (U.S. . De la
ca a edge f he , i g he be To e and G ego io, 25 Phil. 36)
a ied, e e if he a iage be b e e e. E e if he a had ef he c a d
dec a ed id. c d be a ehe ded, he a
ca be ied a d c ic ed. (U.S. .
Ele e : (3) Topi o and G man, 35 Phil. 901)
1. Tha he a i a ied (e e if a iage 7. Dea h f he ffe ded a i e i ae
i b e e dec a ed id); he ceedi g . H e e , if he ffe ded
a die bef e a c ai i fi ed, he he
Page 217 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
ca e ca ceed beca e e ca 2. Whe he e ig a ag ee e ha

ig he c ai , ad e bei g a c i e he a each ge a ae a d i e a
hich ca be ec ed de fici . h ba d a d ife i h a i e fe e ce
Mi iga i g ci c a ce i Ad l e Ar . 334. Conc binage

1. Ad e i i iga ed if he ad e ife A h ba d h ha ee a i e i he
a aba d ed i h ifica i b hi c ga d e i g, ha ha e e a
e. i ec e de ca da ci c a ce
a. B h he ife a d he aa ae ih a a h i hi ife, ha
e i ed hi i iga i g ci c a ce. c habi i h he i a he ace
(People . A elino, C.A., 40 O.G., S pp.
11, 194) Ele e : (3)
2. Shee ece i , a he a a a ef 1. The a be a ied (e e if he
he e b he h ba d (a h gh ifiab , a iage a be b e e dec a ed
f i a i e e ad )a di ch a id);
g ea eed ha he f d he e f i he 2. He c i ed a f he f i g ac :
edica e f c i i g ad e f he a. Kee i g a i e i he c ga
a e f he chi d e , i iga e he iabi i . d e i g,
(People . Albe o, e al., C.A., 47 O.G. 2438) b. Ha i g e a i ec e de
ca da ci c a ce i h a a
Pa d b he ffe ded a h i hi ife,
1. E e /i ied a d b he ffe de c. C habi i g i h he i a he ace;
h ba d ba ec i f ad e . 3. A ega d he a , he hi
2. Se a i e c e b he ffe ded h ba d be a ied.
i h he ffe di g e b e e he
ad e c d c c i e a i ied Pe liable:
ad . 1. The a ied a ;a d
2. The a h e ha he a a
Re i e e f Pa d be effec i e (A . a ied
344):
1. The a d c e bef e he i i i Defi i i f e :
f he c i i a ec i ; a d 1. C j gal D elli g ea he h e f he
2. B h ffe de be a d ed b he h ba d a d ife, e e if he ife ha e
ffe ded a . be e a i ab e a acc .
2. Sca dal c i i a e ehe ib e d
C e i a ca e f di i al f c lai deed ha ffe d b ic c cie ce,
1. P i c e i a effec i e a b e e ed d he de i e f he fee i g f
c e ba he ffe ded a f h e e , a d gi e cca i he
ec i g he ffe e. eighb i i a da age a d i
2. Whe c e i gi e , he he e e 3. C habi ea d e ge he , i he
i ied, he ffe ded h ba d ca ge a e f h ba d a d ife, f e ei d
i i e he c i i a c ai . f i e, a di i g i hed f cca i a ,
a ie i e ie f a f i ec e
Whe i he e c e ? 4. Mi e I i ece a ha he a i
1. Whe he h ba d d e i e fe e i h hi a e b he acc ed i he c ga
ife ad e eai hi ha fai ed d e i g a a c c bi e.
a e hi igh
Page 218 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
N e : ci c a ce . (People So ia, GR No.

1. Pe ei he ici i a e he be i e e 179031, No embe 14, 2012)
e ca da ci c a ce . 3. Defi i i f La ci i C d c (in
2. Ad e i e e ee i hed ha ela ion o R.A. 7610, Sec ion 5) A c i e
c c bi age. U i e ad e , c c bi age i c i ed h gh he i e i a chi g,
ac i i g c i e. ei he di ec h gh he c hi g, f he
ge i a ia, a , g i , b ea , i e high,
Cha e 2: Ra e a d Ac f La ci i e b c i h he i e i ab e,
h i ia e, ha a , deg ade, a e
A . 335. Whe a d H Ra e I C i ed g a if he e a de i e f a e ,
a g he .
N e: A . 335 ha been epealed b R.A. No. 4. The e i a e ed f a ed c i e f
8353 (An i-Rape La of 1997) ac f a ci i e .
Ar . 336. Ac s of Lasci io sness Ac s of Lasci io sness and Unj s Ve a ion,

A e h ha c i a ac f Dis ing ished
a ci i e he e f ei he ACTS OF UNJUST  
e , de a f he ci c a ce LASCIVIOUSNESS VEXATION
e i ed i a e The e i e d de ig The e e e f e d
hich a be i fe ed de ig i e e .
Ele e : f he The a eged
1. Tha he ffe de c i a ac f ci c a ce a ci i ac a a
a ci i e e d e ; di g he e e i cide f he
2. Tha he ac f a ci i e i c i ed c i i f he e b ace he ac
agai a e f ei he e ; a d c i e, ch a he a c i ed
3. Tha i i d e de a f he f i g ace, i e, he ee ai f a
ci c a ce : e e e e ce i hi .
a. b i g f ce i i ida i , a d he ac
b. he he ffe ded a i de i ed f c ai ed f.
ea he i e c ci ,
c. b ea f fa d e achi a i Ac s of Lasci io sness and A emp ed Rape,
g a e ab e f a h i , Dis ing ished
d. he he ffe ded a i de 12 ACTS OF ATTEMPTED RAPE
ea f age i de e ed. LASCIVIOUSNESS
Offe de a ci i Ac ef ed b
N e : ac d i dica e ffe de c ea
1. Le d i defi ed a b ce e, f , i dece i e ha e e a i dica e ha hi
eche . I ig ifie he f f i ec e. e a ie i h
i ai hich ha ea i a he ffe ded a .
i i ; ha hich i ca ied i a
The a ci i ac The a ci i ac a e
a a e.
a e he fi a b ec i e b e aa ac
2. Tha a acc ed i e e ai i g a e d
gh b he he c i i f
cha e de ig i ece a i a e a
ffe de . a e.
ce , he e i e ce f hich ca be
Ma e f c i i i he a e
i fe ed b e ac ca i g ch
The e f a ce f ac f a ci i cha ac e
i e i . The e e ce ab e ce f e d
i c b h.
de ig i i fe ed f he a e f he ac
he e e a d he e i e a Offe ded a i a e f ei he e .
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Ac s of Lasci io sness and Gra e Coercion, Cha e 3: Sed c i , C i f Mi

Dis ing ished a d Whi e Sla e T ade
ACTS OF GRAVE COERCION
LASCIVIOUSNESS Sed c i - E ici g a a a f e a
C i i C i i he i ec e b i e f a iage he
i c ded i he e ac c i i g ea f e a i ih he e f f ce
c ci e ee e he ffe e f g a e
f f ce i he ac a c e ci . Ar . 337. Q alified Sed c ion
ac f a ci i e . Sed c i i c i ed he he ffe de ha
ca a edge f a f he e a d
Ca e Ac f La ci i e de he ci c a ce de c ibed be .
1. I he ab e ce f c i ci g f ha he
e i had id i he fe a e ga , a e The ed c i fa i gi e e e ea a d
a c i ed. Whe e he ic i ee de eigh ee ea f age, c i ed b a
a ed ha he a ca ied a d he a a e i b ic a h i , ie , h e- e a ,
i h a e a ' e i " chi g" he agi a, d e ic, g a dia , eache , a e
i d be igh c c de ha he ac h , i a ca aci , ha be e ed i h he
f he e i " chi g" he agi a a a ed ca i c d f he a ed ced
e e e ai ,e e igh , f he abia
a a he abia i a f he de d . T cla e f Q alified Sed c i :
The a e a i g i f ac f 1. Sed c i f a i gi e 12 a d de 18
a ci i e a d a e. (People . ea f age b ce ai e , ch a a
Palma, G.R. No. 148869-74, Decembe 11, e i a h i , ie , eache , e c.; a d
2003) 2. Sed c i f a i e b he b he ,
2. The a e a ac f di ec i g A a ed c i f a de ce da b he a ce da ,
e e he e a ae c i e a ac ega d e f he age e ai
f a ci i e de A ic e 336 f he (I ce Sed c i )
RPC, a d a e. (People . A ino, G.R.
No. 139181, Oc obe 27, 2003) Ele e f Q alified Sed c i f a Vi gi
(VASA) (4)
Crimes and Ab ses agains Chas i , 1. Tha he ffe ded a i a Vi gi , hich i
Dis ing ished e ed if he i a ied a d f g d
CRIME AGAINST ABUSES   e ai ;
CHASTITY  (ACTS AGAINST  2. Tha he be e 12 a d de 18
OF ea f Age;
CHASTITY  (ART.
LASCIVIOUSNESS) 3. Tha he ffe de ha Se a i e c e ih
248)
he ; a d
The ffe de i , i a The ffe de i a
4. Tha he e i Ab e f a h i , c fide ce
a i f ca e , a b ic ffice .
ea i hi he a f he ffe de
i a e i di id a .
I i ece a ha A ee i a Pe liable:
e ac a ac f i dece a 1. Th e h ab ed hei a h i :
a ci i e h d ade ea e a d a. Pe i b ic a h i
ha e bee e ec ed e i e i b. G a dia
b he ffe de . fficie . c. Teache
d. Pe h , i a ca aci , i e ed
i h he ed ca i c d f he
a ed ced
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2. Th e h ab ed c fide ce e ed i 2. Tha he be f g d e a i , i g e
he : a id ;
a. P ie 3. Tha he ffe de ha e a i e c e ih
b. H e e a he ; a d
c. D e ic (a e i i g i he a e 4. Tha i i c i ed b ea f decei
f; a be e a e a e ,a
g a i he a e h e.) N e :
3. Th e h ab ed hei ela i hi : 1. Vi gi i f he ic i i e i ed.
a. B he h ed ced hi i e 2. Decei ge e a a e he f f a
b. A ce da h ed ced hi de ce da f fi ed i e a .
(The ea i hi be b 3. The e i c i i g ffe e f ed c i .
c a g i i b eed be 4. If he e i e a i ec e, he c i e
egi i a e.) c i ed i ac f a ci i e .
5. The a a be i i g a d ead a
N e : he gi , b i e ed c i i i c i ed
1. Pe a f a ified ed c i fa i e he he a ha he ffe ded a
de ce da i highe ha a ified ed c i ca ega c e a iage beca e
f a i gi . f he i i .
2. Decei i a ee e f a ified
ed c i b i i a ee e f i e The f ll i gd c i e Decei :
ed c i . 1. P i e f a e ia hi g
3. I Ab e f C fide ce, ac a e i hed 2. P i e f a iage b a a ied a , h
beca e f he cha ac e f he e he ic i e be a ied
c i i g he a e, acc f he 3. P i e f a iage af e e a i e c e
e ce f e /a h i ab e f
c fide ce/ e a i hi . Ar . 339. Ac s of Lasci io sness i h he
4. A i gi i a i a f g d Consen of he Offended Par
e ai . A he ac f a ci i e c i ed
5. The ffe ded a eed be a i gi i he b he a e e a d de he a e
ca e f i ce ed c i . ci c a ce a h e ided i A ic e
6. A acc ed cha ged i h a e ca be 337 a d 338
c ic ed f a ified ed c i de he
a ei f ai . Ele e :
7. If a f he ci c a ce i he c i e f 1. Tha he ffe de c i ac f
a e i e e , he c i e i be a ci i e e d e ;
i hed de A ic e 337 b de A . 2. Tha he ac a e c i ed a a
226-A 226-B. h i a i gi i ge a id fg d
8. If he e i e a i ec e, he c i e e a i , de 18 ea f age b e 12
d be ac f a ci i e . ea , a i e de ce da ega d e f
he e a i age; a d
Ar . 338. Simple Sed c ion 3. Tha he ffe de acc i he he ac b
The ed c i fa a h i i ge a ab e f a h i , c fide ce, e a i hi ,
id f g d e ai , e e e b decei
de eigh ee ea f age, c i ed b
ea f decei N e :
Ele e : (4) 1. A a e ca be he ffe ded a he e.
1. Tha he ffe ded a i e 12 a d de 2. I i ece a ha he c i e be c i ed
18 ea f age; de ci c a ce hich d a e i
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a ified i e ed c i had he e bee Plea e ee SPL e ie e on R.A. 7610,

e a i ec e. Pa ic la l on Child T afficking, Child
3. C e i b ai ed b ab e f a h i , P o i ion and Pe on Liable fo
c fide ce, eai hi , b ea f Commi ing Child P o i ion
decei .
Ar . 341. Whi e Sla e Trade
Ac s of Lasci io sness i h consen and A e h ,i a a e, de a
Ac s of Lasci io sness nder Ar . 336, e e , ha e gage i he b i e f,
Dis ing ished ha fi b , i i , ha e i he
ACTS OF ACTS OF e ice f a he e f he e
LASCIVIOUSNESS LASCIVIOUSNESS f i i
WITH CONSENT OF (ART. 336)
OFFENDED PARTY Ac Pe ali ed:
(ART. 339) 1. E gagi g i he b i e f i i ;
Ac ae c i ed Ac ae c i ed 2. P fi i g b i i ;a d
de ci c a ce de ci c a ce 3. E i i g he e ice f e f he
hich, had he e bee hich, had he e bee e f i i
ca a edge, ca a edge, N e :
d a da a e 1. O e f h e ab e- e i ed ac i
ei he a ified fficie c i e he ffe e.
i e ed c i 2. Habi a i i a ece a e e e f hi
*The e a be c i e.
c e , b he e i 3. Offe de eed be e f he h e
ab e f a h i , ed f i i a d eed be e e
ea i hi , he e a i e f he aid; i ffice ha he
c fide ce, ai ai e gage i he b i e ca ied
decei he e.
4. U de a ee if he ea ei
Ar . 340. Corr p ion of Minors i i ,i d e a e if e e gage
A e h ha e faci i a e he he e ice f a a e ib a a
i i c i f e de age aid, f e a e.
a i f he f a he
Cha e 4: Abd c i
N e :
1. The ac i hab e i he i Abd c i - The a i g a a f a a f
faci i a i g he i i c i f he h e he ace he e he a be f he
e de age ( de 18) a i f he e f ca i g he a he ace, i h he
f a he . i e a c he .
2. A ee a i c a e he
ffe e. I i ece a ha he cha e ART. 342. Forcible Abd c ion
ac ha ha e bee d e he i . Abd c i f a a agai he i a d
3. A i g e ac ih ab e f a h i i h e d de ig
c fide ce i a c i e, a B.P.
B g. 92. Ele e : (3)
4. Vic i be f g d e a i , a 1. Tha he e abd c ed i a a ,
i e ac ed e . ega d e f he age, ci i a ,
e ai ;
2. Tha he abd c i i agai he i ;a d
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3. Tha he abd c i i i h e d de ig Forcible Abd c ion and Corr p ion of Minors,

Dis ing ished
N e : FORCIBLE  CORRUPTION OF
1. If chi d- ic i i de 12 ea f age, he ABDUCTION MINORS
c i e i f cib e abd c i e e if he If he i a If he e f
ai g e i h he abd c . abd c ed b he abd c i i e d
2. Ta i g a a be agai he i f he acc ed ih e d he i ici
a . Thi a be acc i hed b ea de ig hi a i ec e ih
f decei fi a d he b ea f i e ce he
a d i i ida i .
3. Ac a i e c e i ece a . Le d Di i g i hed f a e
de ig a be h b c d c f he 1. If he e a abd c i b he e i a ce f
acc ed. I e ed ce he gi i fficie . he a he a eged a e a
4. Le d de ig i e e i a h ied a iage e aci , he acc ed d be g i
ce e b f ce, he e he a iage i f abd c i .
e e a a ifice b hich he acc ed 2. Ra e a ab b f cib e abd c i if he
gh e ca e he c i i a c e e ce ai b ec i e a a e he ic i .
f hi ac .
5. The h ba d a be he d iab e f he Ca e F cible Abd c i
abd c i f hi ife a e d de ig i The C ha e i ed ha if he ic i '
a i g. c e a b ai ed h gh decei a d he e
6. If he e a e e e a defe da , i i e gh a he ef e a id c e , he c i e i
ha e f he had e d de ig a d he f cib e abd c i , a he decei a be
he e ab i. c ide ed a c c i e f ce. The ec d
7. Na e f c i e: agai ibe , h a d e e e , e d de ig , a e ab i hed b he
e a i , a d b ic de ac a a e . (People . Ca aang, G.R. No.
8. The e be e c e ci e f 148424- 27, Decembe 11, 2003)
f cib e abd c i i h ( e) a e.
S b e e a e c i ed h d be F cible abd c i ih a e
c ide ed i de e de f he abd c i . [LEONEN] The fac h ha af e a i g he
9. C ic i f ac f a ci i e i a ic i , he ffe de c i ed de ai he a d
ba c ic i f f cib e abd c i . ef ed e ea e he . Th , a h gh he i i ia
abd c i a ha e bee ab bed b he c i e
F cible Abd c i . G a e C e ci . f a e, he c i ed de e i af e he a e
Kid a i g ca be dee ed ab bed i i . Li e i e, i ce
1. P e e ce f e d de ig a e i f cib e he de e i c i ed af e he a e had bee
abd c i . c e ed, i ca be dee ed a ece a
2. Whe he e i e d de ig a d ea f he c i e f a e. (People .
de i a i f ibe , i i c e ci . Concepcion, G.R. No. 214886, Ap il 4, 2018)
3. The e i id a i g a d e i i ega
de e i if he e a de i a i f ibe Age a d Re ai f he ic i ae
ih e d de ig . i a e ial i :
4. If he e a i e a i g f he a 1. Ra e;
i a ed b e d de ig a d he ic i a 2. Ac f a ci i e agai he i
a ed, he c i e c i ed i f cib e ih he c e f he ffe ded a ;
abd c i i h a e i ead f id a i g 3. Q a ified ed c i f i e de ce da ;
i h a e. A e a e i ab bed i he a d
c i e f f cib e abd c i . 4. F cib e Abd c i
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Ar . 343. Consen ed Abd c ion Effec f Ma iage

Abd c i f a i gi e e e ea a d Ge e al R le: Ma iage i g d fai h f he
de eigh ee ea f age, ca ied ih ffe de i h he ffe ded a e i g i he he
he c e a d i h e d de ig c i i a ac i e i he e a a ead
i ed hi . Thi a ie a e
Ele e : (4) acc ice a d acce ie -af e - he-fac .
1. Tha he ffe ded a be a i gi ( E cep ion: I ca e f a e, a iage
ece a i i a h ica e e, i ce he e i g i he he c i i a ac i a he
e i c de i e f g d i ci a b a he acc ice a d
e a i ); acce ie . Thi e a d e a
2. Tha he be e 12 a d de 18 ea a ie g i f c c bi age a d ad e .
f age;
3. Tha he a i g a a f he ffe ded a N e :
be i h he c e , af e ici a i 1. A . 344 a e ac ed fc ide a i f
ca e f he ffe de ; a d he ffe ded a a d he fa i h
4. Tha he a i g a a f he ffe ded a igh efe ffe he age i i e ce
be i h e d de ig . a he ha g h gh i h he ca da f a
b ic ia .
N e : 2. Ra e i a c i e agai e , a d
1. If he i gi i de 12 ea f age, he h , a be ec ed de fici
c i ec i ed i f cib e abd c i , e e if c ai fa e .
he gi c e ed he e e e . 3. I ad e a d c c bi age, b h ffe de
2. The abd c i f he ic i eed be i h be i c ded i he c ai , e e if
e cha ac e f e a e ce. ei g i .
3. The ic i eed be a e f he h e. 4. Whe he ffe ded a i f age a d i i
I i fficie ha he abd c a c ee e i f he e a a d
i e a he e ca e. h ica fac ie , he a e ca fi e he
4. The e ca be c e ed abd c i i h a e. c ai (a ie c i e agai cha i ).
The c ai be fi ed i c a d
Cha e 5: P i i Rela i e he i h he ec .
P ecedi g Cha e f Ti le Ele e
Pa d i C i e agai Cha i
Ar . 344. Prosec ion of he Crimes of 1. E e i lied a d b he ffe ded
Ad l er , Conc binage, Sed c ion, a i a ba ec i f ad e
Abd c ion, and Ac s of Lasci io sness c c bi age. H e e , a d e e d
1. Ad e a d c c bi age be b h ffe de a d c e bef e he
ec ed c ai ig ed b he i i i f he c i i a ac i .
ffe ded e. 2. E e ad b he ffe ded a
2. Sed c i , abd c i , ac f he e a ed i he a , a he ca e
a ci i e be ec ed a be, i a ba ec i f ed c i ,
c ai ig ed b : abd c i , a e ac f a ci i e .
i. ffe ded a , Pa d i ed c i a c e bef e
ii. he a e , he i i i f c i i a ac i .
iii. g a d a e ,
iv. ega g a dia . Pa d B Pa e , Ga d ae
*I he de i hich he a e a ed G a dia M Be Acc a ied b he
ab e. E e Pa d f he Gi l He elf
Pa d be g a ed di ec b he ffe ded
a a di i he he i dead he i e
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i ca aci a ed ga i , ha he ae , 7. Whi e a e ade

ga d ae g a dia a d f he . (U.S. 8. F cib e abd c i
. L na, 1 Phil. 360) 9. C e ed abd c i
Ar . 345. Ci il Liabili of Persons G il of O he i a ce he acc lice i i hed

Crimes agains Chas i a i ci al:
A e h ha f i h he ace f he
N e : e e ai f igh i ega de e i ha
1. The ad l e e a d c c bi e i he ca e ecei e he a e e a f he c i e. (Re e ,
ided f i A ic e 333 a d 334 a a Book T o, p.998, A . 268 pa . 2)
be e e ced, i he a e ceedi g i a C ae P ec i F Ac Of
e a a e ci i ceedi g, i de if f La ci i e U de A . 336 f he RPC a d
da age ca ed he ffe ded e. R.A. 7610, A A e ded
2. The e i ci i iabi i f Ac f
La ci i e . [LEONEN] If he ac c i i g e a a a
3. M a da age a be a a ded he aec i ed agai a ic i de 12 ea f
ffe ded a , a d he ae , f age i de e ed, he e c a e f he
ed c i , abd c i , a e, he a ci i ffe e h d be "Se a A a de
ac (A . 2219 Ci i C de). a ag a h 2, A ic e 266-A f he RPC i e a i
4. I i e a e b i e ffe de , a f Sec i 5 (b) f R.A. N . 7610" a d ge
he ppo ff i g. N e a be '"Ac f La ci i e de A ic e 336 f he
ade ackno ledge hi ff i g. RPC i e a i Sec i 5 (b) f R.A. N . 7610,"
5. The ffe de i a a e ca e h i a ied beca e e a a a a a f f ac f
i ge hibi ed f ackno ledging a ci i e i ge c e ed b A ic e 336
hi ff i g beca e, i ce he chi d i b b A ic e 266-A (2) f he RPC, a a e ded
i egi i a e, he Fa i C de a a ica b R.A. N . 8353. Ne e he e , he i ab e
c fe ae a a h i he he . He e a i i ec i e a i i edi
ca , h e e , be e e ced i de if e i d, a d i i a . The e a
he ic i a d ppo hi ff i g. The i ed i i e i e dified ec i
a a d e f h d be e a i i edi e i d i ead f i i
de e i ed af e d e ice a d hea i g. a a e c ibed i A ic e 266-A, a ag a h
6. O i de i i a ed i a e f a 2 f he Re i ed Pe a C de. (People .
a ied a . The defe da ca be S ma od O ano, G.R. No. 230626, Ma ch 9,
e e ced ac edge a d he 2020)
ff i g.
J i de ce:
Ar . 346. Liabili of Ascendan s, G ardians, 1. The i e e i g e e ab a ed hi
Teachers, or O her Persons En r s ed i h defi i i he i defi ed a chi d a e h
C s od of Offended Par i be 18 ea f age e aid age
h , e a ai f a a ified h icia ,
P i i i a licable he f ll i g ch gi chia i , i f d be
ci e : i ca ab e f a i g ca e f he e f f
1. Ra e beca e f a h ica e a di abi i
2. Ac f a ci i e c di i f ec i g he e f f ab e.
3. Q a ified ed c i (People . Abello, G.R. No. 151952, Ma ch
4. Si e ed c i 25, 2009)
5. Ac f a ci i e ih c e f he 2. U de Sec i 5(b), A ic e III f R.A. 7610 i
ffe ded a ea i R.A. 8353, if he ic i f e a
6. C i f i ab e i be 12 ea f age, he ffe de
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h d be ec ed f e a ab e K. CRIMES AGAINST CIVIL STATUS OF

b f a a e de A . 266-A(1)(d) PERSONS
f he RPC a d e a i ed i h ec i
Cha e 1: Si la i f Bi h a d
e e a. If he ic i i 12 ea de , he U ai f Ci il S a
ffe de h d be cha ged i h ei he e a
ab e de Sec i 5(b) f R.A. 7610
Ar . 347. Sim la ion of Bir hs, S bs i ion of
a e de A . 266-A (e ce a ag a h 1[d])
One Child for Ano her, and Concealmen or
f he RPC. H e e , he ffe de ca be
Abandonmen of a Legi ima e Child
acc ed f b h c i e f he a e ac
A e h ha c cea aba d a
beca e hi igh agai d be e a d i
egi i a e chi d i h i e ca e ch chi d
be e diced. Li e i e, a e ca be
e i ci i a , c cea aba d
c e ed i h a i a i f Sec i 5(b) f
a egi i a e chi d, i h i e ca e ch
R.A. 7610. U de Sec i 48 f he RPC (
chi d e i ci i a ,
c e c i e ), a fe de he RPC
( ch a a e) ca be c e ed i h a
A h icia ge b ic ffice h ,
ffe e e a i ed b a ecia a . (People .
i i ai f he d ie f hi fe i
Aba , G.R. No. 177752, Feb a 24, 2009)
ffice, ha c e a e i he e ec i fa
f he ac af e e i ed
e d f ic
P i hable Ac : (SSC) (3)

Plea e ee SPL e ie e on: 1. Si la i f bi h ,
1. R.A. 9208, An i-T afficking in Pe on Ac 2. S b i i f e chi d f a he ,
of 2003 Pa ic la l Sec 4. Ac of 3. C ceali g aba d i g a egi i a e
T afficking in Pe on , Sec 5. Ac ha chi d i h i e ca e ch chi d ei
P omo e T afficking in Pe on And Sec ci i a .
6. Q alified T afficking in Pe on
2. R.A. 9995, An i-Pho o and Video Ele e f Si la i f Bi h :
Vo e i m Ac 2009, Pa ic la l , 1. The chi d i ba i ed egi e ed i he
Sec ion 3, 4, 6 & 7 Regi f bi h a he ffe de ;
3. R.A. 9262 An i-Violence again Women 2. Th , he chi d e i ea a a d
and hei Child en Ac of 2004 Pa ic la l ac i e a e e; a d
P chological Violence P ni hable Ac , 3. The ffe de e a ca e he
Sec 5(G) fa ace a he chi d e fi ia i
4. R.A. 7610, A amended Special
P o ec ion of Child en again Child Ele e f C ceali g Aba d i g a
Ab e, E ploi a ion and Di c imina ion legi i a e child i h he i e ca e ch
Ac Pa ic la l Sec ion 5, 6, 7 and 8. child l e i ci il a :
1. The chi d be egi i a e, f de e ed
a d a i i g bei g;
2. The ffe de c cea aba d ch
chi d; a d
3. The ffe de ha he i e ca e he chi d
e i ci i a
N e :
1. I i ai , he e ci i a
be a e ed.
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ATENEO CENTRAL
2. Si ai i e a a e e di g 2. Q alif i g Ci c a ce: e f he
be eg a he i fac he i . The i e ai i def a d he ffe ded
a h i a e bi h a d he a a hi hei .
h f i he he chi d a e b h e ib e 3. Thi a ic e i c de ai f fe i .
a i ci a . 4. I i ab e ece a ha he e i i e
3. The fac ha he chi d i be be efi ed b he e he igh a i i gf he ci i a
i ai f bi h i a defe e i ce i f he e i e a ed.
c ea e a fa e a he de i e f he
e be f he fa i hich he chi d i Cha e 2: Illegal Ma iage
i d ced.
4. A fa he h e hi chi d i iab e f Ar . 349. Bigam
aba d e de hi a ic e. The A e h ha c ac a ec d
ac ice f aba d i g e -b i fa b e e a iage bef e he f e
a d e g chi d e a he d f a iage ha bee ega di ed,
h i a , ch che , a d he e igi bef e he ab e e ha bee dec a ed
i i i , hich a f e e i e i e dead b ea f a dg e
S ai , i ha he ac f aba d e e de ed i he e ceedi g
c e ae .
Ele e : (4)
Abandoning a Legi ima e Child and 1. Tha he ffe de ha bee ega a ied;
Abandoning Minor nder Ar . 276, 2. Tha he a iage ha bee ega
Dis ing ished di ed , i ca e hi he e i
ABANDONING A ABANDONING A ab e , he ab e ec d e be
CHILD (ART. 347) MINOR (ART. 276) e ed dead acc di g he Ci i C de;
The ffe de i a The ffe de be 3. Tha he he c ac a ec d
e . e h ha c d b e e a iage; a d
f he chi d. 4. Tha he ec d b e e a iage ha
The e i The e i a he e e ia e i i e f a idi .
ca e he chi d e a id he b iga i
i ci i a . f ea i g a d ca i g N e :
f he chi d. 1. The c i e f biga d e fa i hi he
ca eg f i a e c i e . He ce, i ca be
Ar . 348. Us rpa ion of Ci il S a s ec ed e e ih he i i ia i e f he
A e h ha he ci i a f ffe ded a .
a he , h d he d f he e f 2. The fac ha he fi a iage i id f he
def a di g he ffe ded a hi hei begi i g i a defe e i a biga
cha ge. The e i a eed f dicia
U ai f ci il a i c i ed b a dec a a i f he i f he fi a iage.
e h a e he fi ia i , he a e a Si i a , he e a be a a
c ga igh , f a he . ceedi g dec a e he ab e e
e i e dead f e f
N e : e a iage.
1. C i i a i e f he ffe de e he 3. E e if he fi a iage a b e e
ci i igh f a he / he i di id a a ed, he e i biga if he ec d
i e a ed, i g he i e i ed a iage ace d i g he e i e ce f
he e , i ece a c i e hi c i e. he fi a iage. I ch a i a i , he
a idi f he fi a iage i a e dicia
e i he iabi i f biga .
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4. The a idi f he econd a iage i a he di c e f he ec d a iage b he

e dicia e i he iabi i f biga . ffe ded e.
Ho e er, i Teneb o CA, GR No. 150578,
Feb a 18, 2004, he SC he d ha he Effec f Di ce
i f he econd a iage i i a e ia i 1. Di ce g a ed b a f eig c ha
a ec i f he c i e f biga . A ai effec . Re ide ce i fficie c fe
eadi g f [A . 349] d i dica e ha he i dic i he c f ha a e. Thi
i i e ai e he e e ac f a ie h e d ici ed i he Phi i i e
c ac i g a ec d b e e a iage a h gh he c ac ed a iage
d i g he b i e ce f a a id a iage. e e he e.
[T]he e i c ge ea f 2. Di ce b ai ed ab ad b alie e
di i g i hi g be ee a b e e hich ca aci a e hi he e a
a iage ha i a d id e beca e hall like i e e e he Fili i
i i a ec d a iage, a d a b e e e ca aci e a de
a iage ha i a d id he g d Phili i e La . (A . 26[2], Fa i C de)
f ch gica i ca aci , a ea i fa a
c i i a iabi i f biga i c ce ed. (A B de fP f i Biga
di e i g i i f J ice Ca i a d 1. O ce he ec i ha e ab i hed ha
he i ha he a i i i he defe da a a ead a ied a he
d di ega d he f h ee e f i e he c ac ed he ec d a iage, he
biga a d i de ce he e .) b de f f h he i di i
5. O e c ic ed f biga a be ec ed f he fi a iage i he defe e.
f c c bi age, a he a e di i c 2. Whe a e a ie ice, he ec d
ffe e . H e e , he ec d ei a iage i e ed a id a d he f e
ece a i iab e f biga . ei e ed ha e bee di ed b
6. O e h fa e che f he ca aci dea h di ce. B hi e i a
a f ei he f he c ac i g a ie , ie d ci c a ce .
i g ha e f he a ie i a ead
a ied, i a acc ice. J i de ce:
7. If he acc ed, i c ac i g he ec d The me e p i a e ac of igning a ma iage
a iage, ac i g he h e be ief ha he con ac bea no emblance o a alid ma iage
a a f di ce f hi fi ife, he i a d, h , eed dicia dec a a i f i .
iab e f biga h gh ec e S ch ac a e, i h e, ca be dee ed
i de ce. ((Re e , Book T o, p.1010, c i e a e ib a id a iage f
ci i g Pe e . Sch ec e b ge , C.A., G. R. hich e i i e igh be he d iab e f biga
N . 2457, A g 31, 1938) e he fi ec e a dicia dec a a i fi
8. A a d b he ffe ded a d e i bef e he c ac a b e e
e i g i h he c i i a ac i , c ide i g a iage. (Mo igo . People, G.R. No. 145226,
ha biga i a b ic ffe e hich ca be Feb a 06, 2004)
de ced b he e affec ed
he eb b e e b a ci ic- i i ed ci i e F he acc ed be he d g i f biga , he
h a c e he a e. ec i i b de ed e he f i g:
9. The fa e a ica i f a a iage ice e (a) he/ he ha bee ega a ied; a d (b)
hich he e g i f biga e , he/ he c ac a b e e a iage i h
a h gh fe i , h d be c ide ed he f e a iage ha i g bee a f
ab bed i he c i e f biga i ce i i a di ed. The fe i c a ed he
i e e i c ac i g a a iage. ce eb a i f he ec d b e e
10. The 15- ea e c i i e e i d f he c i e a iage. I i e e ia i a ec i f
f biga be c ed f he da e f biga ha he a eged ec d a iage, ha i g
Page 228 of 354

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a he e e ia e i e e , d be a id Ar . 350. Marriage Con rac ed agains

ee i f he b i e ce f he fi Pro isions of La s
a iage. (Man el .People, G.R. No. 165842. A e h , ih bei g i c ded i he
No embe 29, 2005) i i f he e ceedi g a ic e, ha
c ac a iage i g ha he
[LEONEN] The ec d b e e a iage e ie e f he a ha e bee
c e a ed de A ic e 349 f he RPC i a c ied i h ha he a iage i i
a iage e e ed i de he a . I i e e ia di ega d f a ega i edi e
i he ec i f biga ha he a eged
ec d a iage, ha i g a he e e ia Ele e : (2)
e ie e , d be a id e e i f he 1. Tha he ffe de c ac ed a iage; a d
b i e ce f he fi a iage. Re igi 2. Tha he e a he i e ha :
a iage a e ec g i ed i a d a be a. Re i e e f a ee c ied
g e ed b a if he c f ega i h,
e i e e . Re igi a iage ha ac ega b. The a iage a i di ega d f a ega
e ie e a e i a id. The a e c ide ed i edi e .
e e ed i de he a . X a iage a
c d c ed i h he a h i fa e i i g Q alif i g ci c a ce: if ei he f he
ffice , a i g i id. The ef e, i ca be c ac i g a ie b ai he c e f he
c ide ed a he b e e a iage he b ea f i e ce, i i ida i f a d.
c e a ed i he RPC. (Pe fec o . E ide a,
A.M. No. RTJ-15-2417 (Re ol ion), J l 22, Re i e e f he La f Valid Ma iage:
2015) (A . 2 a d 3 f he Fa il C de)
1. Lega ca aci f he c ac i g a ie h
[LEONEN] The a ide ha a dicia be a e a d fe a e;
dec a a i f i i i di e ab e f he 2. C e f ee gi e i he e e ce f he
e f e a iage. I he ca e f Te e . e i i g ffice ;
People, i a e ed ha a dec a a i f he 3. A h i f he e i i g ffice ;
ab e i f a a iage i e ici 4. A a id a iage ice e, e ce i a iage
e i ed ei he a a ca e f ac i ag d f e ce i a cha ac e ; a d
f defe e. Whe e he ab e i f a 5. A a iage ce e hich a e ace i h
e i a iage i gh be i ed f he a ea a ce f he c ac i g a ie
e fc ac i g a ec d a iage, he bef e he e i i g ffice a d hei
e ba i acce ab e i a f aid ec ed e a dec a a i ha he a e each
a iage be f ee f ega i fi i i a fi a he a h ba d a d ife i he e e ce f
dg e dec a i g he e i a iage id. X e ha i e e f ega age
ca c ai ha e bee i g d fai h i
a i g ha he e a ega i edi e f N e :
hi e a ba ed e e he Na i a 1. U c e a d iece ca a beca e
S a i ic Office' i a ce f a Ce ifica e f N hei e a i hi i a ega i edi e .
Ma iage Rec d. Ba ed X a d Y Ma iage (Re e , Book T o, p.1018)
Ce ifica e, a g i h he h f he eddi g 2. C ic i f i ai f A . 350 i e
ce e , he e e i deed a ied. (J ma io a i de. The c ic ed e de i
. People, GR 224742, A g 7, 2019). h di a ified f bei g ad i ed i he
Ba .
3. The ffe de be iab e f biga .
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Ar . 351. Prema re Marriages P i hable Ac

Pe f a ce a h i ai , b a ie
No e: i i e fa e igi de i ai ec
Ar . 351 has been repealed b Rep blic Ac . No. b ci i a h i ie , f a i ega a iage
10655, An Ac Repealing he C ime of P ema e ce e
Ma iage . (Re e , Book T o, p.1019)
E cep ion
Pe liable: A ce g a h ef ed a a iage
1. A id h a ied i hi 301 da f ce e ih edge f he i i age
he da e f he dea h f he h ba d, f e f he a ie , i iab e.
bef e ha i g de i e ed if he i eg a a
he i e f hi dea h; a d N e:
2. A a h e a iage ha i g bee The ffe de be a h i ed e i e
di ed a ed, a ied bef e he a iage .
de i e bef e he e i a i f he e i d
f 301 da af e he da e f he ega e d f ic
e aai
L. CRIMES AGAINST HONOR
N e :
1. Pe i d a be di ega ded if he fi Cha e 1: Libel
h ba d a i e e ie if he
a a eg a bef e he dea h f he Sec i 1. Defi i i , F , a d
fi h ba d a d ga e bi h i hi he aid P i h e f hi C i e
ei d
2. The e i d f 301 da i i a i Ar . 353. Defini ion of Libel/Defama ion
ca e he e he a i eg a , Libel - P b ic a d a ici i ai f a
d e ha he i eg a a he c i e, a ice defec , ea i agi a ,
i e he bec e a id . If he i eg a a ac , i i , c di i , a
a ch i e, he hibi i i g d ci c a ce e di g ca e he di h ,
de i e . di c edi c e fa a a idica
e , b ac e he e f e h
P e f he la i dead. I be c i ed h gh a f
Si ce he e f i hi g he f eg i g ac he ac e e a ed i A . 355.
i e e ca e f d bf a e i , he
a i be iab e he e de if: (a) he ha Defa a i a be ibe a de . Defa a i
a ead de i e ed; a d (b) he ha c c i e i he e e f ibe a ed i A . 353.
f ha he a eg a b he fi
e i ce he a e a e e i e. (People Ele e :
. Ma in in, C.A., 49 O.G. 390) 1. Tha he e be a i ai f a c i e,
f a ice defec , ea i agi a , a
Ar . 352. Performance of Illegal Marriage ac , i i , c di i , a ,
Ceremon ci c a ce (defa a i a i );
P ie i i e f a e igi 2. Tha he i ai be ade b ic ;
de i ai ec , ci i a h i ie h 3. Tha i be a ici ;
ha e f a h i e a i ega a iage 4. Tha i be di ec ed a a a a
ce e idica e , e h i dead; a d
5. Tha i e d ca e he di h ,
di c edi c e f he e defa ed
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P blica i i he c ica i f he he de c i i f he e efe ed i he

defa a a e e hi d e / ( defa a b ica i a fficie c ea
he ffe ded a hi /he ). ha a ea a hi d e d ha e ide ified
he ffe ded a .
Ki d f Malice
1. Ma ice i La i e ed f a defa a Pe i f P blica i
i ai . P f f a ice i e i ed; T e e b ica i , he e be a
a ice a be a e f g a ed a a e di g ea ab e babi i ha he a eged ibe
he i a i i ie f he g e f he a e a he eb e ed be ead ee
i ai . b hi d e .
2. Ma ice i Fac i ac a a ice i - i , hich
be ed. I a be h b f f C i e ia de e i e he he ae e a e
i - i , ha ed e i e. defa a :
1. I de e i i g he he a ae e i
Whe d e Malice i Fac a l ? defa a , he d ed a e c ed i
Ma ice i fac be ed he e e he hei e i e a d a e i hei ai , a a
defa a i ai a ea i a i i eged a d di a ea i g a he d a a
c ica i . be de d b e eadi g he ,
e i a ea ha he ee ed a d
Whe d e he e i f Malice i la de d i a he e e. (No icio .
di a ea ? Aggabao, G.R. No. 141332, Decembe 11,
U f e ab i hed f g d i e i a d 2003)
ifiab e i e 2. Whe he he d ed a e ca c a ed
i d ce he eade e a d
N e : de a d ha he e agai h
1. The e i di i c i be ee ca , he a e e ed ee g i f ce ai
i a d ibe . A i d f a ac agai ffe e , ae fficie i each hei
h a d e ai ae i hed b he h e , i e e ai , h d he
RPC i i defa a i . e b ic idic e. (U.S. .
2. Ma ice i e ed e i i i i O Connell, 37 Phil.767) a d
b ica i . 3. W d a e c ed a he
3. Defa a e a di ec ed a a g f e e i ed b a i h e ec he
e ae ac i ab e e he h e c e a d a ae b ec f he
ae e a e a -e b aci g fficie i e . (People . Enca nacion, C.A., 48 O.G.
ecific f each ic i be ide ifiab e. 1817)
4. The ea i g f he ie i i a e ia i
de e i i g defa a i . A i ai ill be fficie if i e d
5. I ibe , he fa e acc a i eed be ca e:
ade de a h. I i e hich e i e 1. Di h di g ace, ha e ig i
ha he fa e acc a i i ade de a h. 2. Di c edi f c edi e ai ;
6. Sedi i ibe i i hed de A ic e 142. di e ee
7. I ai fc i i a i e i i ibe . 3. C e a e f bei g de i ed
8. The e a e a a c f ibe a he e a e 4. B ac e i g f he e f he dead
e defa ed.
Ar . 354. Req iremen for P blici
Ge e all , he e libeled be
ide ified. Ki d f P i ileged C ica i :
B he b ica i eed efe b a e he 1. Ab e P i i eged ac i ab e e e if
ibe ed a . If a ed, i be h ha he ac ha ac ed i bad fai h; a d
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2. Q a ified P i i eged h e hich, a h gh Re i i e :

c ai i g defa a i ai , ae a. Tha he b ica i fa e f a fficia
ac i ab e e ade i h a ice bad ceedi g i a fai a d e e f dicia ,
fai h egi a i e, he fficia ceedi g hich
ae f c fide ia a e, f a
Ge e al le: E e defa a i ai i ae e , e , eech de i e ed i aid
e ed a ici , e e if i be e, if g d ceedi g , fa he ac e f ed b
i e i a d ifiab e i e f a i g i i a b ic ffice i he e e ci e f hi
h . f ci ;
H e e , he e i f a ice i eb ed if b. Tha i i ade i g d fai h; a d
i i h b he acc ed ha : c. Tha i i ade i h a c e
1. The defa a i ai i e, i ca e he e a
a a f f he h f he i ai ;
2. I i b i hed i h g d i e i ; a d D c i e f Fai C e
3. The e i ifiab e i ef a i gi. Fai c e a ie a e f b ic i e e
ae a a ified i i eged a d c i e a
E cep ions o he foregoing general r le ( ha a id defe e i a ac i f ibe a de .
is, hen malice is no pres med from a
defama or imp a ion): Malice i fac i he i e i i e he
e ai f he ffe ded a , hich a be
1. Pi aec ica i i ef a ce f a ed b i a , g dge i -fee i g e i i g
a legal, al cial d a he da e f b ica i a d i a ed b ha e
a d e e ge, .
Re i i e :
a. Tha he e h ade he Malice i fac a be ed h b :
c ica i had a ega , a cia 1. E i ic e ide ce ha he defe da b e a
d a e he c ica i a ea g dge agai he ffe ded a ;
a i ee be he d; ega d 2. Tha he e a i a i -fee i g be ee
e e a i i f a c fe i g he hich e i ed a he da e f he
he acc ed he d c ica e; b ica i f he defa a i ai ;
b. Tha he c ica i i add e ed a 3. Tha he defe da had a i e i i e
ffice a b a d, e i , ha i g e he e a i f he ffe ded a a h
i ee d he a e ; a d b he d ed a d he ci c a ce
c. Tha he a e e i he c ica i a e di g he b ica i f he defa a
a e ade i g d fai h i h a ice i fac i ai
The defe e f i i eged c ica i i be N e :

e ec ed if i h b he ec i he 1. P ec i e a ice i fac
ai iff: c ic he acc ed i ca e f a ified
a. Tha he defe da ac ed ih a ice i fac , i i eged c ica i .
2. Ab e i i eged c ica i ae
b. Tha he e i ea ab e g d f ac i ab e e e if d e i bad fai h. Thi
be ie i g he cha ge be e c e ae e ade b e be f
C ge i di cha ge f f c i , a d
2. Fai a d e e f fficial dicia ceedi g he e i e a d
ceedi g , ade i g d fai h, ih ee a b ec f i i .
a c e a d e a k 3. U ece a b ici de g d fai h.
Defe e f i i eged c ica i i
a ag a h 1 f A . 354 i be e ec ed if i i
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h ha he acc ed ac ed i h a ice (G ingg ing . CA, G.R. No. 128959, Sep embe
a d he e i ea ab e g d f 30, 2005)
be ie i g he cha ge be e.
4. P i i eged C ica i a be f di a Ar . 355. Libel b Means of Wri ings or
b ic d c e . Similar Means
5. Tha he ae e i a i i eged The ea b hich libel a be
c ica i i a a e f defe e. c i ed a e b :
6. Sae e ade i e f defe e i a 1. i i g;
c e ae fe i i eged. The e 2. i i g;
ibe ed i ified hi bac i h a he 3. i h g a h ;
ibe . H e e , e a ia i a d i dic i e e 4. e g a i g;
ca be he ba i f e f-defe e i 5. adi ;
defa a i . Se f-defe e be a e 6. h g a h;
e a ed he ecific defa a i ai 7. ai i g;
ca he e i i g he defe e. 8. hea ica e hibi i ;
7. Defa a e a a d c e he 9. ci e a g a hic e hibi i ;
c d c ac f b ic ffice hich a e 10. a i i a ea .
e a ed he di cha ge f hei fficia d ie
i c i e ibe if defe da e he N e :
h fi a i . H e e , a a ac 1. The a ide a i ia ea ,
i a e cha ac e a e e a ed he hich ea i a ifie e e i i a ch a
di cha ge f fficia d ie a be ibe . ecie ca eg . Defa a i ade i a
8. Si i a , he e a, a a d h ica ee i i g a i ibe . A i c ded a e
fi e f a ca dida e f b ic ffice a be ic e .
b ec c i ici . C i ici dea ih 2. Defa a i h gh a a ifie i ibe ,
ch hi g a ha i i e b ic a e i b a defa a i ( a de ).
ca f b ic c e . I d e f a 3. The e a e c ibed i i addi i ci i
b ic a i hi i a e ife a d d e ic iabi i .
c ce . (Re e , Book T o, p.1051) 4. Libe a be ab bed i he c i e f h ea
if he i e h ea e i he i ci a ai
J i de ce a d b ec .
A b ic fig e ha bee defi ed a a e h ,
b hi acc i h e , fa e, de f i i g, J i de ce:
b ad i g a fe i ca i g hich gi e [LEONEN] Whe he e ai i g i fficie
he b ic a egi i a e i e e i hi d i g , hi b ic a e i ed b A ic e 353 a d 355 f he
affai , a d hi cha ac e , ha bec e a ' b ic RPC a d he A i-C be c i e La , i a a e f
e age.' He i , i he d , a ce eb i . defe e ha h d be e ai ed d i g
Ob i be i c ded i hi ca eg ae ia . Whi e g ie a ce , cha e ed h gh e
h e h ha e achie ed e deg ee f b ic a h i ie , ha a deg ee f ec ed
e a i b a ea i g bef e he b ic, a i f eed f eech, he c e a d e e f ha
he ca e f a ac , a fe i a ba eba ec i ca be g ded i ab ac i .
a e , a gi i , a he e e ai e . The i The fac f he ca e eed be e b
i , h e e , b ade ha hi . I i c de b ic e ide ce. (Dio . People, G.R. No. 208146, J ne
ffice , fa i e a d e e , a 8, 2016.)
he e a d e e di a die , a i fa
dig , a d e a e age ha he G a d
E a ed R e f a dge. I i c de , i h ,
a e h ha a i ed a a ii he e b ic
a e i i f c ed hi a a e .
Page 233 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
Ar . 356. Threa ening o P blish Libel and c ec i ih de he e e ha i i

Offer o Pre en s ch P blica ion for a ece a i he a a i fa dicia
Compensa ion ad i i a i e ceedi g i hich ch
A e h h ea e a he bi h fac ha e bee e i ed.
a ibe c ce i g hi he a e , e, 2. A . 357 c i e he Gag La hich ba
chi d, he e be f he fa i f he f b ica i e e ca e
a e, a e h ha ffe e e he e ai i g ad e , di ce, i e ab
b ica i f ch ibe f a c e ai he egi i ac f chi d e , e c.
e c ide a i 3. The ide i ie f i di id a h ae ce
f e e a be e ea ed e
P i hable ac : he c C ge h d ha ch
1. B h ea e i g a he b i h a ibe e e a i i de a ded b he ec i f he
c ce i g hi , hi a e , e, chi d, S a e.
he e be f hi fa i ;
2. B ffe i g e e he b ica i f Ar . 358. Slander/ Oral Defama ion
ch ibe f c e ai , e
c ide a i Ki d f O al Defa ai :
1. G a e S a de - defa a i i f a ei
Black ail i a a f e i f e b a di i g a e; a d
h ea f acc a i e e. I i ib e 2. Si e S a de - igh i defa a i
cha ge ch ac i he c i e f igh h ea (A .
283) a d i h ea e i g b i h ibe (A . 356). Fac ha de e i e g a i f he ffe e:
1. e e i ed;
Ar . 357. Prohibi ed P blica ion of Ac s 2. e a eai f he acc ed a d he
Referred o in he Co rse of Official ffe ded a ;
Proceedings 3. ci c a ce di g he ca e; a d
A e e , edi a age f a 4. cia a di g a d ii f he ic i
e a e , dai aga i e, h ha
b i h fac c ec ed i h he i a e ife f N e :
a he a d ffe i e he h , i ea d 1. W d e ed i he hea f a ge c i e
e ai f aid e , e e h gh aid igh a defa a i .
b ica i be ade i c ec i ih 2. If he e a ce e e ade b ic a d
de he e e ha i i ece a i he e e hea d b a e e a d he acc ed
a ai f a dicia ad i i a i e a he a e i e i ed hi fi ge a he
ceedi g he ei ch fac ha e bee c ai a , a defa a i i c i ed.
e i ed 3. The a de eed be hea d b he
ffe ded a .
Ele e : (3) 4. U e i g defa a d i he hea f
1. Tha he ffe de i a e e , edi a ge , i h e ca i he a f
a age f a e a e , dai aga i e; he ffe ded a , c i e a igh
2. Tha he b i he fac c ec ed i h he fe . (Villan e a . People, G.R. No.
i a e ife f a he ; a d 160351, Ap il 10, 2006)
3. Tha ch fac a e ffe i e he h ,
i ea d e ai f aid e . Ar . 359. Slander b Deed
A e h ha ef a ac
N e : i c ded a d i hed i hi i e, hich ha
1. The hibi i bi h ch fac a ie ca di h , di c edi c e
e e if ch b ica i i ade i a he e
Page 234 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
Ele e : (3) Sec i 2. Ge e al P i i

1. Tha he ffe de ef a ac
i c ded i a he c i e agai h ; Ar . 360. Persons Responsible for Libel
2. Tha ch ac i e f ed i he e e ce f 1. The e h b i he , e hibi
he e / ;a d ca e he b ica i e hibi i fa
3. Tha ch ac ca di h , di c edi defa a i i ii g i i a ea ;
c e he ffe ded a /ie 2. The a h edi f a b
a he;
N e : 3. The edi b i e a age f a dai
1. S a de a ei he be i e g a e, e a e aga i e e ia
de e di g he a e f he deed. b ica i ; a d
2. P i i g a di fi ge c i e i e 4. The e f he i i g a hich
a de b deed, i a ea i g f he fac a b i he a ibe a ic e i h hi
i ie f he ca e ha he ac c ai ed f c e , a d a he e h , i
a e ed " e e a ge a a , a ici a e i ha e c ec i
di ea e" a c ai a . Whi e i a ihi b ica i
ha e ca di h , di c edi c e
c ai a , aid ac i fa ei Ve e f c i i al a d ci il ac i f da age
a e. i ca e f i e defa a i ( ide f
3. C i g, h e e , ha bee he d e cl i e j i dic i ):
c i i e f a de b deed, h gh 1. Whe e he ibe a ic e i i ed a d fi
de e di g he e i e a b i hed,
ci c a ce he e ed. 2. Whe e a f he ffe ded a ie ac a
e ide a he i e f he c i i f he
Se i e f la de b deed de e d : ffe e,
1. The cial a di g f ffe ded a ; 3. Whe e e f he ffe ded a ie i a b ic
2. The ci c a ce di g he ac ; a d ffice :
3. The cca i a. if hi ffice i i he Ci f Ma i a, i h
he RTC f Ma i a; he i e, i h he
Di i c i : RTC f he ci / i ce he e he he d
1. U j Ve a i ca a i e f i i a i ffice a he i e f ffe e;
a a ce i h ifica i b. he ci / i ce he e he a ic e a
2. Sla de B Deed ih i iai fi b i hed;
a a ce AND a e da b ici a d 4. Whe e e f he ffe ded a ie i a i a e
di h c e i di id a , i h he RTC f i ce/ci
3. Ac f La ci i e ih i iai he e he ac a e ide a he i e f he
a a ce AND a f he h ee ci e he e he a ic e a i ed fi
ci c a ce ided i A . 266-A a e b i hed
(i.e. e f f ce, h ea i i ida i ;
de i a i f ea e de i g he G ideli e i he b e a ce f a le f
ffe ded c ci ; e f fa d e efe e ce i he i ii f e al ie i
achi a i g a e ab e f a h i ; if Libel Ca e (Admini a i e Ci c la No. 08-
ffe ded a a de 12 ea d), 2008)
ge he i h e d de ig 1. Thi Ad i i a i e Ci c a d e e e
i i e a a a e a i e e a f he
c i e f ibe de A ic e 355 f he Re i ed
Pe a C de.
Page 235 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
2. The J dge c ce ed a , i he e e ci e g d i e a d f ifiab e e d , he

f d di c e i , a d a i g i defe da ha be ac i ed.
c ide a i he ec ia ci c a ce f
each ca e, de e i e he he he i ii P f f he h fa i ai f a ac
f a fi e a e d be e e he i e e i i c i i g a c i e ha be
f ice he he f bea i g i e ad i ed, e he i ai ha ha e bee
i i e d de ecia e he ade agai G e e e ee ih
ei e f he ffe e, i e ce e ec fac e a ed he di cha ge f hei
he cia de , f he i e be c a fficia d ie .
he i e a i e f ice.
3. Sh d a fi e be i ed a d he I ch ca e if he defe da e he h
acc ed be ab e a he fi e, he e i f he i ai ade b hi , he ha be
ega b ac e he a ica i f he ac i ed.
Re i ed Pe a C de i i b idia
i i e . P f f T h i Ad i ible he :
1. The ac i i i ed c i e a
N e : c i e, ega d e f he he he ffe ded
1. A c ai f defa a i i i ga i ae a i a i a e i di id a a b ic ffice ,
c i e (i.e. ad e , c c bi age, ed c i ,
abd c i , a d ac f a ci i e ) 2. The ffe ded a i a g e e
be fi ed b he ffe ded a . e ee, e e if he ac i i
2. If he ibe i e a ice defec a d a i ed d e c i e a c i e,
c i e, i i a a ec ed ided, i i e a ed he di cha ge f hi
i f ai ig ed a d fi ed b he fi ca . fficia d ie .
3. The e h b i he a ibe e e
i e b he ffe ded a i iab e Re i i e f ac i al f a Libel cha ge:
( b i hi g, c i g, i he i e 1. I a ea ha he a e cha ged a ibe
e i i e f he c i e). i TRUE (f i ai 1 a d 2 ab e); a d
4. The iabi i f he edi i he a e a ha 2. I a b i hed i h g d i e a df a
f he a h . ifiab e e d. (f i ai 1 ).
5. Li i a i f e e: ai ed a i i i i g
i e fe e ce i h b ic f c i he he N e :
ca e i e a b ic ffice , a d a idi g 1. The f f he h f he acc a i
ece a ha a e f he acc ed b ca be ade e e e hea a ,
i ii g - f- ibe i . , ici b i i e, di ec
6. E e a da age a be a a ded if e ide ce hich a defi i e fi di g a
ac i a e ba ed a i-de ic . be ade b he c .
7. Ci i a d c i i a ac i be fi ed i he 2. A i ai ha a e ha a c agi
a ec . di ea e igh , de di a ci c a ce
8. N e edie - ci i c i i a - f da age be defa a b e ch cha ac e he
f a de ibe i ca e f ab e ade i h g d i e i a d ifiab e
i i eged c ica i . i e.
3. The e i ibe he he e i a ice.
Ar . 361. Proof of he Tr h 4. Re ac i a i iga e he da age . If he
I e e ci i a ec i f ibe , he h a ic e i ibe e e, b ica i d e
a be gi e i e ide ce he c , a d if i h e i a ei i iga i g.
a ea ha he a e cha ged a ibe i
e, a d, e e , ha i a b i hed i h
Page 236 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
Ar . 362. Libelo s Remarks N e :

Libe e a c e c ec ed 1. A . 363 i i i ed a i g e ide ce a d
i h he a e i i eged de he i i he i e, hich e d di ec ca e fa e
f A ic e 354, if ade i h a ice, ha ec i .
e e he a h he e f he edi 2. Th e h e i ci i a
a agi g edi fa e a e f ci i a achi a i d a ai he e e f
iabi i . i e e d , i e i
defa a i .
N e : 3. The e i a c e ci e fi ci i ai ga
1. Libe e a c e i i eged i ce e h gh a f a e .
a e ( de A . 354), if ade i h a ice 4. The e e a f he anim bala che e i
i fac , i e e he a h a d edi . ai a e iab e f i a i g b h A ic e 363
2. Thi a ic e i a i i a i he defe e f f RPC a d Sec i 38 f RA 10591
i i eged c ica i . E e if a a e i (Comp ehen i e Fi ea m and Amm ni ion
i i eged, if a ice i fac a ed, he Reg la ion Ac ). See a Sec i 29 f RA
a h a d edi a e iab e. 9165 (Comp ehen i e Dange o D g Ac
3. The a h a d edi f b ica i h of 2002)
di , ia e di c fficia
ceedi g e ed b he , add Incrimina ing an Innocen Person and
c e he e ca a e i he Perj r , Dis ing ished
cha ac e f a ie c ce ed, a e g i f INCRIMINATING
PERJURY BY MAKING
ibe . AN INNOCENT
FALSE ACCUSATION
PERSON
Cha e 2: I c i i a Machi a i Pe f ac I c i i a e /i ae
di ec i c i i a e he c i e fa e di ec
Ar . 363. Incrimina ing Innocen Person e e /bef e a ffice
A e h , b a ac c i i g f /i e
e , ha di ec i c i i a e i e e e, he
a i ce e he c i i fac i e c i i f
ci e
Ele e : (3) Ac a e ch a Ac c i f a i g
1. Tha he ffe de e f a ac ; c i f a i g fa e ae e
2. Tha b ch ac he di ec i c i i a e e ide ce a d he affida i de a h
i e a i ce e he i e
c i i f a c i e; a d Pe a i A e Pe a i A e Ma
3. Tha ch ac d e c i e e . Ma a i Pi i
C ecci a i i
T ki d f i ci i ai f a i ce ei d
e :
1. Ma i g a a e e hich c i e : Ar . 364. In rig ing agains Honor
a. defa a i , Ma i g a i ig e hich ha , f i i ci a
b. e (if ade de a h a d i fa e); e, b e i hi g he h e ai
a d fa e
2. P a i g e ide ce.
H c i ed:
Thi fe i c i ed b a e h ha
a e a i ig e i h he i ci a e f
b e i hi g he h e ai f a he
Page 237 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
e . I i c i ed b a i g he a M. QUASI-OFFENSES
a ib ab e hi g, hich, if i aid he e
Ar . 365. Impr dence and Negligence
hi e f, a a de .
Reckle I de ce: A e h
N e :
ai ,b ih a ice, d e fai
1. M be c i ed b ea f e
d a ac f hich a e ia da age e
ic e a d ec e , a d h gh
b ea f i e c ab e ac f eca i
g i i g, hich fa de defa a i .
2. Whe e he ce a h f de ga
Si le I de ce Neglige ce: A e
i f ai ca be de e i ed a d
h a i ,b ih a ice, d e fai
defe da a e i he , defe da ac
d a ac f hich a e ia da age
i e f i ig i g agai h . If i ca e
e b ea f ac f eca i
f a defi i e ce, a de i c i ed.
di a ed i ca e i hich he i e di g
da age ca ed i i edia e a d he
In rig ing agains honor and Incrimina ing an
da ge i c ea a ife
Innocen Person, Dis ing ished
INCRIMINATING AN
INTRIGUING Wa fc i i g Q a i- ffe e
INNOCENT
AGAINST HONOR 1. B c i i g, h gh ec e i de ce,
PERSON
a ac hich, had i bee i e i a , d
The ffe de e The ffe de
c i eag a e e g a e fe igh
a i ig e f he ef a ac b
fe ;
e f hich he di ec 2. B c i i g, h gh i ei de ce
b e i hi g he h i ci i ae
eg ige ce, a ac hich d he i e
e ai f i e a
c i eaga e a e ei fe ;
a he e . i ce e he
3. B ca i g da age he e f a he
c i i f a
h gh ec e i de ce i e
c i e. i de ce eg ige ce;
4. B ca i g, h gh i e i de ce
In rig ing agains honor and Slander, eg ige ce, e g hich, if d e
Dis ing ished a ici , d ha e c i ed a igh
INTRIGUING fe
SLANDER
AGAINST HONOR
The ce a h The ce f Ele e f Reckle I de ce
f he de ga i f ai ca be 1. Tha he ffe de d e fai d a ac ;
i f a i ca be i i ed a d 2. Tha he d i g f he fai e d ha ac
de e i ed a d he defi i e de e i ed i a ;
defe da b a d he defe da , 3. Tha i i ih a ice;
he a e a d, i h ad i g a hi 4. Tha a e ia da age e ;
b c ibi g he he i f ai he 5. Tha he e i i e c ab e ac f eca i
h he e f, a e ha b ai ed, a e he a f he ffe de , a i g i
i he . he a e a he c ide a i : (1) hi e e
f he e f cc a i , (2) hi deg ee f i e ige ce a d
ca i g di h h ica c di i , a d (3) he
c ai a ci c a ce ega di g e , i e a d
e ai . ace
e d f ic
Page 238 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
Ele e f Si le I de ce a di a de e d ha e ed i
Neglige ce he a e i a i ? If , he he i g i f
1. Tha he e i ac f eca i he a f eg ige ce.
he ffe de ; a d
2. Tha he da age i e di g be ca ed i Reckless Impr dence and Force Maje re.
i edia e he da ge i c ea Dis ing ished
a ife RECKLESS
FORCE MAJEURE
IMPRUDENCE
N e : The i edia e Pe ai e e
1. I de ce i deficie c f ac i , hi e e a ha hich c d be
Neg ige ce i deficie c f e ce i da age e i f e ee , hich,
2. I de ce Neg ige ce i aci ei e cei ab e a d ca h gh f e ee ,
i e f, b i a a fc i i g a c i e. be e e ed b he e e i e i ab e. I
Ho e er, i I le Mode o-San Ped o, G.R. e e ci e f i ie a
No. 172716, No embe 17, 2010, he SC ea ab e ca e. The e a di a
dec a ed ha a i- ffe e a e di i c a f ea ab e ci c a ce hich
ecie f c i e . ca e e e ha i i de e de f he
3. A . 64 f he RPC i iga i g a d da age i f he ac .
agg a a i g ci c a ce i a icab e c i e ec e
i a i- ffe e . i de ce.
4. I he ech ica e Rec e I de ce
e i g i H icide , ha i i hed i La Clea Cha ce R le
he ac i e f b he e a a i de The c ib eg ige ce f he i ed a
c di i behi d he ac . i defea he ac i if i i h ha he
5. Neg ige ce i a a i- ffe e. Wha i acc ed igh , b he e e ci e f ea ab e
i hed i he effec f he eg ige ce ca e a d de ce, ha e a ided he
b he ec e e f he acc ed. c e e ce f he eg ige ce f he i ed
6. C ib eg ige ce f he ffe ded a a .
i a ab e defe e b i iga e
c i i a iabi i . D c i e f P e-E i i Vehicle C lli i
7. Vi a i fa e eg a i a i f A h gh he d i e f a ehic e c i ga
f eg ige ce. h - ee i ed ai a g he
8. The e i c i i a iabi i f dea h i e ec i f he d i e f a he ehic e
i ie e a e (e.g. -a a ) i g a g aid h - ee , if he d i e
ca ed b ec e eg ige ac he e c i g he ee had a ead eached he
he defe da i a a e f hei e e ce. idd e he e f, he he d i e a e i g a g
he h - ee , a h gh i h a igh f e-
Q alif i g Ci c a ce i Q a i-Offe e e i , ha he d hi ehic e
The ffe de fai e e d - he- a id a c i i .
a i a ce he ic i f hi eg ige ce
aba d i g e ic i i a i hab e E e ge c R le
de A . 275. H e e , if he ac i cha ged A e c f ed i h a e e ge c a be
de A . 365, i i a a if i g ef i h i e f h gh a d a e a
ci c a ce. If a eged a a , i ca e e eed deci i ba ed i e i i c ,a d
be c ide ed a a agg a a i g ci c a ce. ca be he d iab e f he a e c d c a e
h had he i ef ec . Thi i
Te f Neglige ce a icab e he he i a i ha a i e i
Did he defe da , i d i g he a eged eg ige
ac , e he ea ab e ca e a d ca i hich
Page 239 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
dde , e ec ed, a d i ch a de i e
hi fa i f de ibe a i .
E .A a bi e d i e , h , b he eg ige ce
f a he , i dde aced i a e e ge c
a d i c e ed ac i a a id a
c i i i ,i g i f eg ige ce if he
a e a ch ice hich a e f di a
de ce aced i ch a ii igh a e,
e e h gh he did a e he i e ch ice.
N e:
The E e ge c R e ca be a ied
e e hi f iabi i , if he e i f f
eg ige ce hi a . (Re e , Book T o,
p.1110)
e d f ic
Page 240 of 354

SPECIAL PENAL
LAWS
Criminal Law
ATENEO CENTRAL
III. SPECIAL PENAL LAWS A. NEW ANTI-CARNAPPING ACT OF 2016

I. Elements
Ele e f ca a i g
1. Ta i g, i h i e gai ;
III. SPECIAL PENAL LAWS
2. A ehic e be gi g a he ;
A. NEW ANTI-CARNAPPING ACT OF 2016
3. Wi h he a e c e ;
(RA 10883)
4. B ea f i e ce agai i i ida i
1. E e e
f e ; b i g f ce hi g .
(Sec. 3)
2. P i hab e ac ; Pe a
Defi i i f ehicle
3. Agg a a i g ci c a ce e i g
I efe a ehic e e ed b a e
de ia f bai
he ha c a e i g he b ic
high a , EXCEPT f he f i g:
4. O he e e a e
1. ad e , e ca , ee ee e ,
i e , a e , b d e ,
g ade , f if , a hibia c , a d
c a e if ed b ic high a ;
2. ehic e hich ai ac ;
a d,
3. ac , ai e a d ac i e gi e f a
i d ed e c i e f ag ic a
e .
T ai e ha i g a be f hee , he
e ed i e ded be e ed b
a ach e a ehic e, ha be c a ified
a a e aae ehic e i h e a i g.
(Sec. 2)
II. Punishable acts

The f i g ac ha be i hab e de hi
Ac :
a. Whe he ca a i g i c i ed
WITHOUT i e ce agai i i ida i f
e , f ce hi g (Sec. 3);
b. Whe he ca a i g i c i ed BY
MEANS OF i e ce agai i i ida i
f e , f ce hi g (Sec. 3);
c. Whe he e, di e, cc a f he
ca a ed ehic e i i ed a ed i
he c i i f he ca a i g (Sec. 3);
d. C cea e f ca a i g (Sec. 4);
e. F egi e ed ehic e a
he e f i c d c di i , fai e
egi e he ehic e e gi e, e gi e b c a d
cha i i h he LTO i hi e (1) ea f
he effec i i f he Ne A i-Ca a i g
Page 242 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
Ac f 2016 he a ide ha he a ed i he c e f he ca a i g.
egi e ed ehic e e gi e, e gi e b c (Sec. 3)
a d cha i i h he LTO ha be
c ide ed a a ca a ed ehic e, a IV. Other relevant rules
a ed i ai c i g f i ega Ca a i g a dh icide/ de
ce a d ha be c fi ca ed i fa f Si ce he a ed he h a e i i ed, he e
he g e e (Sec. 6); a d, ha be di i ci be ee h icide a d
f. Fai e egi e he a e, a fe , de . I f he ha he i i g, he he i
c e a ce f ehic e e gi e, e gi e be h icide de , ca be ea ed a a
b c cha i f a ehic e he a e a a e ffe e, b h d be c ide ed
c ea e a e i ha i i a ca a ed a if he c i e f ca a i g.
ehic e, a a ed i ed ehic e, a
ehic e ceedi g f i ega ce C e e , aid ha e gi e he
e e he i e a d ha be i a ab e i he e f ha i efe l
c fi ca ed i fa f he g e e (Sec. he c a ed fel f ei he de
8). h icide. The f a ed a d a e ed h icide
de i a if ca a i g. (People .
U la f l Ac Mejia, G.R. No. 118940-41, 1997)
The f i g a e c a ified a UNLAWFUL
ACTS de he a . H e e , he a d e T e he ecia c e c i e f ca a i g
ide f hei e a ie . i h h icide, he e be f f he
a. Defaci g a e i g i h e ia be f e e ia e e e f ca a i g, b a ha i
ehic e , e gi e b c a d cha i a he igi a c i i a de ig f he c i a d
(Sec. 14); he i i g a e e a ed i he c e f
b. T a fe i a he a e, he cha i ca a i g he cca i he e f. The i i g
be , e gi e be a d a e be f f he ic i ca a if he ca a i g i a
a ehic e dec a ed a " a ec " ecia c e c i e beca e he ca a i g
be d ec ic e ai b c ce ed a a af e h gh he he ic i dea h a
i a ce c a a d/ a e f ce e a ead fai acc i. (People . A ino, G.R. No.
age cie (Sec. 15); 201092, 2014)
c. T a fe f ehic e a e (Sec. 16); a d,
d. Sa e f ec d-ha d a e a a e f U la f l aki g
ca a ed ehic e (Sec. 17). U a f a i g i he a i g f he ehic e
ih he c e f he e, b ea f
III. Aggravating circumstances resulting to
i e ce agai i i ida i f e , b
denial of bail
i g f ce hi g ; i i dee ed c le e
De ial f bail he e ide ce f g il i g f he e he ffe de gai
Bai ha be de ied he he e ide ce f g i i e i f he hi g, e e if he ha
g agai a e cha ged ih i di e f he a e.
ca a i g he he c i e f ca a i g i
c i ed: Whe e a e he ehic e f a he
a. b c i i a g , ga g dica e ; ih he a e c e e e if he
b. b ea f i e ce i i ida i fa ehicle i la e e ed, he e i hef , he e
e e ; bei g i e gai a he e f he hi g
c. b ea f f ced hi g ; a f a e c i e gai . (People .
d. he he e, di e, a e ge , B ine a, G.R. No. 148233, 2004)
cc a f he ca a ed ehic e i i ed
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If ha i i e ded be a e i a a f he B. ANTI-ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRIC

ehic e, i e a a e i e, he c i e i TRANSMISSION LINES/MATERIALS
ca a i g, b hef bbe . PILFERAGE ACT OF 1994 (RA 7832)
I. Punishable acts
-e d f ic - a. Illegal e f elec ici
I i a f f a e , he he a a
TOPIC OUTLINE UNDER THE SYLLABUS: idica , b ic i a e, :
III. SPECIAL PENAL LAWS 1. Ta , a e ca e be ade a

c ec i ih e head i e , e ice
B. ANTI-ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRIC d , he e ec ic e ice ie , ih
TRANSMISSION LINES/MATERIALS e i a h i c e f he i a e
PILFERAGE ACT OF 1994 (RA 7832) e ec ic i i a e ec ic c eai e
c ce ed;
1. P i hab e Ac
2. Ta , a e ca e be ade a
a. I ega e f e ec ici (Sec. 2) c ec i he e i i g e ec ic e ice
faci i ie f a d egi e ed c e
b. Thef f e ec ic e a i i
ih he a e he e ec ic i i
i e a d a e ia (Sec. 3)
c e a h i ;
2. P i a facie e ide ce f i hab e ac
3. Ta e, i a e a a e ed e ec ica
(Sec. 4)
ee, e,c e e e i g a f e,
3. Di c ec i f e ec ic e ice (Sec. 6) h i g h i g i e, c ec i
a he de ice hich i e fe e i h he
4. Pe a ie (Sec. 7) e acc a e egi eei g f
e ec ic-c e he i e e i i
di e i i a a e he eb e ec ici i
e a ed;
4. Da age de a e ec ic ee,
e i e , ie c d i a a f
he be da aged de ed a
i e fe e i h he e acc a e
e e i g f e ec ic c e ; a d
5. K i g e ecei e he di ec be efi f
e ec ic e ice b ai ed h gh a f he
ac e i ed i b ec i (1), (2), (3),
a d (4) ab e. (Sec. 2)
b. Thef f elec ic e a i i li e
a d a e ial
I i a f f a e :
1. C , a , ice, e a a e, i , e e e, e ,
e e a e ec ic e a i i
i e/ a e ia ee f a e, e, a
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ATENEO CENTRAL
he i a a i ace f i a a i (2) A i c d c ee ei f ced

a he ace i e he e i a be (ACSR) i e ce f e h d ed
igh f a f ed, de i ed, e , (100) MCM;
c ed, i e ied, i a ed ca ed,
ih he c e f he e , he he (3) O e head g d ie ade f 7
he ac i d e f fi gai ; a d f ga a i ed ee i e , 3.08
i i e e i dia e e a d de ig ed
2. Ta e, ca a a e e a fe , i h ec he e ec ica c d c
ih he e f a ehic e he f igh i g i e ;
ea f c e a ce, a e ec ic e
a i i i e/ a e ia ee f a (4) I a ade f ce ai ga
e, e, a he i a a i ace f he a d de ig ed i a e he
i a ai , a ace i e he e i a e ec ica c d c f ee
be igh f a f ed, de i ed, e d e ;a d
e , c ed, i e ied, i a ed
(5) Va i a i i i e ha d a e
ca ed, i h he c e f he e,
a d a e ia ade f a i a
he he he ac i d e f fi
a eab e ee a d de ig ed
gai ;
i ec ec he e , c d c ,
3. S e, e he i e ee i hi g d ie , a d i a
e i e , c d c , a e ec ic e i ed i b a ag a h (1), (2),
e a i i i e/ a e ia ee (3), a d (4) ab e f he afe a d
ih he c e f he e , he he e iab e e a i f he a i i
he ac i d e f fi gai ; a d i e . (Sec. 3)
4. L ad, ca , hi ef e ace II. Prima facie evidence of punishable acts

a he , he he b a d, ai ea, a P i a facie e ide ce f illegal e f
e ec ica e a i i i e/ a e ia , elec ici
he he he ac i d e f fi
gai , ih fi ec i g a The e e ce a f he f i g ci c a ce
c ea a ce/ e i f he aid e f ha c i e i a facie e ide ce f i ega e
i e he Na i a P e C ai f e ec ici b he e be efi ed he eb :
(NPC) i egi a ffice c ce ed, a he
ca e a be. a. The e e ce f a b ed h e he g a
c e f he e ec ic e e , a he bac
F e f hi ec i , e ec ica e a he a f aid e e ;
a i i i e/ a e ia efe e ec ic
e a i i ee e , b. The e e ce i ide he e ec ic e e f
d e , cab e , i e , i a , i e a , ga a d he e e e ha c d
ha d a e , e ec ica c d c a d he e i he i acc a e egi a i f he
e a ed i e ih a i i age f ee i e a a e e i acc a e
i - i e i (69 ), ch a he egi a i fc i f e ec ici ;
f i g:
c. The e i e ce f a ii g c ec i
(1) S ee a i i i e e ade hich affec he a eai
f ga a i ed ee a g a e be egi a i f he e ec ic e e ;
a d ae ce ed a d/
d. The e e ce f a a e ed, b e , fa e
a e i ed d e /c c e e e
ea he e e , i a ed, a e ed,
a d de ig ed ca a d he
c d c ;
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ATENEO CENTRAL
a e ed e e ec di g cha g a h, The ab e- e i ed ci c a ce ha be he
c e i ed cha , g a h g; ba i f :
e. The e e ce i a a f he b i di g a. he i edia e di c ec i b he e ec ic
i e i e hich i b ec he c f ii ch e af e d e ice;
he c e he e ec ic e e , f a
c e e e i g a f e, e, b. he h di g f a e i i a i e iga i b
h i g a d/ h i g i e, a d/ he ec a d he b e e fi i g i
c ec i a he i i a de ice; c f he e i e i f ai ;a d
f. The i a i , a e a i , ec ec i , c. he if i g f a e a e ai i g de
di c ec i , b a i g a ei g f i ci hich a ha e bee i ed
i e , a f e , a d acce ie ; agai a i a e e ec ic ii a
e ec ic c e a i e. (Sec. 4 (a))
g. The de ci f, a e de ,a
i eg a acce f he e e i g de ice P i a facie e ide ce f hef f elec ic e
b hich e ca e a e ec ic e e , i a i i li e a d a e ial
e e i g acce ie ; a d
The e
i ,c l c d f e ec ic
h. The acce a ce f e a d/ he e a i i i e/ a e ia b a e ,
a ab e c ide a i b a ffice a al j idical, e gaged i he
e ee f he e ec ic i i c ce ed a f ai , a i i di ib i f
he a i g f ch a ffe a ch e ec ic e, i he a fac e f ch
ffice e ee f e i g he e ec ic e a i i i e/ a e ia ha be
e e ce f a f he ci c a ce i a facie e ide ce ha ch i e/ a e ia i
e e a ed ab e-i e . he f i f he hef f e ec ic e a i i
i e a d a e ia a d he ef e ch
N e: The di c e f a f he f eg i g i e/ a e ia a be c fi ca ed f he e
ci c a ce , i de c i e i a i e i ,c c d he e f. (Sec. 4
facie e ide ce, be e all i e ed (b))
a d a e ed b a ffice f he la a
d l a h i ed e e e a i e f he E e g III. Disconnection of electric service
Reg a B a d (ERB). R le di c ec i f elec ic e ice
We h d he ie , h e e , ha he i c i f a. The i a e e ec ic i i a e ec ic
he ha e b he con me conce ned i c e a i e c ce ed ha ha e he igh
he IRR i i a id beca e i i i e ce f ha a d a h i di c ec i edia el
he a bei g i e e ed ide . he e ec ic e ice af e e i g a i e
A RA 7832 a d , he e e ce f a ice a i g ha effec , i h he
a h i ed g e e age , ei he a ffice f eed f a c ad i i a i e de ,
he a a a h i ed e e e a i e f he a d de e ai f he a e, he
ERB, d i g he MERALCO i ec i d he e f he h e e ab i h e
a a f he ci c a ce e e a ed i c ce ed e e ac i g i hi beha f
Sec i 4 f RA 7832 be c ide ed p ima ha ha e bee ca gh en flag an e delic o
facie e ide ce f i ega e f e ec ici b he d i ga f he ac e e a ed i Sec i
be efi ed a . The a d e i c de he 4(a) he e f, he a f he
c e he c e' e e e ai e i ci c a ce e e a ed ha ha e
hi e e a i . (Manila Elec ic Co. . Spo e bee di c e ed f he ec d i e.
Ch a, G.R. No. 160422, 2010)
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ATENEO CENTRAL
N e: If a f he ci c a ce e e a ed c. C i ai f Sec . 2 a d 3 If
ha ha e bee di c e ed f he ec d he ffe e i c i ed b , i c i a ce
i e, a i e ice a i g ha ha e i h, a ffice e l ee f he e
bee i ed he fi di c e . c a , i a e elec ic ili al
elec ic c e a i e c ce ed, ch
b. The e ec ic e ice ha be i edia e ffice e ee ha , c ic i ,
di c ec ed ha be i edia e be i hed i h a e a e (1) deg ee
e ed he de i f he a highe ha he e a ided he ei , a d
e e e i g he diffe e ial billi g b he f h i h be di i ed a d e e a
e de ied he e ice, i h he i a e di a ified f e e i a b ic
e ec ic i i a e ec ic c eai e i ae ii e ice c a a df
c ce ed i h he c ee c , a h di g a b ic ffice
he ca e a be. d. If, i c i i ga f he ac e e a ed
i Sec. 4, a f he he ac a
c. If he c fi d ha illegal e f
e e a ed i a c i ed, he he
elec ici ha bee c i ed b he
e a e highe i deg ee a ided
a e e , he a de i ed ha
he ei ha be i ed
be c edi ed agai f e billi g i h
e. If he ffe e i c i ed b , i
legal i e e he e cha geab e agai
c i a ce i h a ffice e l ee f
he i a e i i a e ec ic c e a i e.
he elec ic ili c ce ed, ch ffice
The i i c e a i e ha be ade e ee ha , c ic i , be
i edia e a ch e d b e he i hed i h a e a e (1) deg ee
a e f he a e de i i h ega highe ha he e a ided he ei , a d
i e e , hich a ha i e i e be f h i h be di i ed a d e e a
c edi ab e agai i edia e f e bi i g , di a ified f e e i a b ic
ih e dice a c i i a , ci i i ae ii e ice c a .
ad i i a i e ac i ha ch e a The e ec ic i i c ce ed hich ha ha e
be e i ed fi e de e i i g a , e k i gl e i ed ha i g
a d eg a i . k ledge f i c i i ha ha e
failed e e he a e, a
d. If c fi d he a e e g il f ch he i e g il f eglige ce i
i ega e f e ec ici , he ha , fi a c ec i i h he c i i he e f,
dg e , be ade a he e ec ic i i ha be ade a a fi e e ceedi g
a e ec ic c e a i e c ce ed i e he a f he diffe e ia bi i g
d b e he a e f he e i a ed e ec ici b ec he di c e i f he c .
i ega ed hich i efe ed i hi
f. If he i ai i c i ed b a
ec i a diffe e ia bi i g. (Sec. 6)
a e hi , fi , c ai ,
IV. Penalties a cia i a he legal e i ,
i cl di g a g e e - ed -
The f i g e a ie ha be i ed f c lled c a i , he e a ha
i ai f hi Ac : be i ed he e ide , a age a d
a. I ega e f e ec ici (Sec. 2) P i ion each f he ffice he e f h ha ha e
ma o a fi e a gi g f P10,000 i g e i ed, fai ed e e a
P20,000 b h, a he di c e i f he c he i e e ib e f he c i i f
b. Thef f e ec ic e a i i i e he ffe e. (Sec. 7)
a d a e ia (Sec. 3) Recl ion empo al
a fi e a gi g f P 50,000 P100,000 -e d f ic -
b h, a he di c e i f he c
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ATENEO CENTRAL
TOPIC OUTLINE UNDER THE SYLLABUS: The di c e fa e e gagi g i

a f he ab e ac i i ie ih a
III. SPECIAL PENAL LAWS ea e, ice e e i ha c i e
i a facie e i ha he
C. FISHERIES CODE (RA 8550, AS AMENDED e i e gaged i a h i ed
BY RA 10654) fi he ie ac i i . (Sec. 87)
1. P i hab e ac (Sec. 17, RA 10654) c. Fai e ec e fi hi g e i i

e gagi g i di a a e fi hi g
i. T fi h i he high ea , i he e i ia
ea , a chi e agic ae , a d
C. FISHERIES CODE (RA 8550, AS
E c i e Ec ic Z e f he
AMENDED BY RA 10654)
ae i g a Phi i i e f agged
I. Punishable acts fi hi g e e i h fi ec i g a
fi hi g e i f he De a e
a. U a h i ed fi hi g
a d a h i ai f he c a a
i. T ca e ga he ca e he
a e.
ca e ga he i g f fi h, f
The di c e f a e i
fi ge i g f a fi he ecie
e i f a fi hi g gea eai g
fi he d c ih ice e e i
a fi hi g e e i he ab e e i ed
f he De a e LGU;
a ea ih a fi hi g e i f he
ii. A c e cia fi hi g e e fi h i
De a e a h i ai f he
ici a a e , e ce i ca e
c a a a e ha c i e a i a
ecified de hi C de; a d,
facie e i ha he e i i
iii. A e i ed i he egi f
i ai f hi i i .
ici a fi he f e gage i a
c e cia fi hi g ac i i i ici a
ii. A e e a , a d he h ee
ae .
(3) highe ffice , f a c e cia
fi hi g e e c i ac ha a e
The di c e fa e i e i
i c a e i f he e a d
f a fi hi g gea e a i g a fi hi g
c di i a ed i he fi hi g e i
e e i a fi hi g a ea he e he ha
a a be ga ed b he
ice e e i ha c i e i a
De a e . (Sec. 88)
facie e i ha he e i
e gaged i a h i ed fi hi g:
d. U e ed fi hi g T e gage i
P ided, Tha fi hi g f dai f d
e ed fi hi g fai c ih
e a ce f ei e hich i f
he e ia e i e e i Sec i 38 f
c e cia , cc a i i e ih d
hi C de. (Sec. 89)
e a be a ed. (Sec. 86)
e. U eg a ed fi hi g T e gage i
eg a ed fi hi g i ae i hi a d
b. E gagi g i a h i ed fi he ie ac i i ie
be d ai a i dic i . (Sec. 90)
T e i , cc , d ce, b eed
f. P achi g i Phi i i e Wa e - A f eig
c e fi h, f fi ge i g f a
e , c ai e i fi h
fi he ecie fi he d c
eae a fi hi g e e i Phi i i e
c c a d e a e fi h c a , fi h
ae .
a , fi h e a d fi h cage
fi h d ih a ice e, ea e
The e f a f eig fi hi g e e i
e i.
Phi i i e ae ha c i e a i a facie
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ATENEO CENTRAL
e i ha he e e i e gaged i The di c e i a fi hi g e e
fi hi g i Phi i i e a e . (Sec. 91) f fi h ca gh i ed i h he e
fe i e , i i
g. Fi hi g Th gh E i e , N i b a ce , b e ec ici ha
P i S b a ce, E ec ici . c i e a i a facie
i. T ca ch, a e ga he ca e be e i ha he fi he f ,
ca gh , a e ga he ed fi h a e a , b a fficia fi h e i
fi he ecie i Phi i i e a e fi hi g i h he e he e f.
i h he e f e i e , i ii. T e e i e , a d
i b a ce ch a di i i
c a ide, hich i i , ef , b a ce f i ega fi hi g.
di ab e e de c ci fi h (Sec. 92)
fi he ecie . h. U e f fi e e h e . T e gage i fi hi g
i g e ih e h a e ha ha hich
The De a e , b ec ch a be de e i ed b he De a e .
afeg a d a d c di i dee ed
ece a a d ih he The hibi i he e f fi e e h
e d e e f he c ce ed e ha a he ga he i g f f ,
LGU , a a , f e ea ch, g a ee , e e , abi , a d a a a g
ed ca i a cie ific e a d he ecie ha b hei a e a e
, he e f i a b a ead a e, a ide ified i
i b a ce ca ch, a e he i e e i g e a d eg a i
ga he fi h fi he ecie . b he De a e .
The e f i i The di c e f a fi e e h e i a
b a ce e adica e eda fi hi g e e ha c i e a i a
a d e i fi h d i facie e i ha he e
acc da ce i h acce ed cie ific fi hi g e e i e gaged i fi hi g i h
ac ice a d ih ca i g he e f fi e e h e . (Sec. 93)
ad e e e i e a i ac i i. Fi hi g i ee i ed fi he
eighb i g ae a d g d a age e a ea T fi h i fi he
ha be c ed a i ega a age e a ea dec a ed a
fi hi g. ee i ed. (Sec. 94)
j. U e f ac i e gea i ici a a e , ba
The di c e f d a i e, he a d he fi he a age e a ea T
e i e a d che ica e gage i fi hi g i ici a a e a d i
c d hich c ai a ba a e a he fi he a age e
c b ib e e e e , i a ea i g ac i e fi hi g gea a defi ed
i b a ce , i hi C de. (Sec. 95)
e i e de ice f k. Ba C a E iai a dE ai .
e ec fi hi g i a fi hi g e e T ga he , e ,c e cia a ,
i he e i f a fi he f , e e di a , e i- eci a d
e a , fi hi g b a fficia eci c a , he he a i ce ed
fi h e ha c i e a i a f , e ce f cie ific e ea ch
facie e i ha a f he e e .
de ice a ed f fi hi g i
i ai f hi C de. I ha a be a f f a e ,
c ai e i c i a ac i i
ha da age c a eef . (Sec. 96)
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ATENEO CENTRAL
l. Ba -a i, he e h d a d gea ii. T fi h, a e, ca ch, ga he , e ,

de ci e c a eef a d he ai e cha e, e , a ,
habi a e , f ad hi
i. T fi h i h gea e h d ha a a ic ecie i ed i CITES
de c a eef , eag a bed , A e dice II a d III if cie ific
a d he fi he a i e ife habi a a a e e h ha
a be de e i ed b he ai f he ecie i he
De a e . i d ca e ai iab e de
e e f c ec i a d ade.
M -a i a d a f i
a ia i , a d ch i i a gea The a i g fi hi g f he e
a d e h d ha e i e di i g, ecie f he id f
he h ica echa ica cie ific e ea ch,
ac d he c a eef a d c e ai b eedi g
he habi a e a , ga he i a e ih c e cia
ca ch fi h a d he fi he b eedi g a be a ed.
ecie ae a hibi ed. iii. T ga he , a e, e , a ,
(Sec. 97) e , f ad hi
ca i e-b ed ecie ha ha e
m. I ega e f e igh fi hi g igh bee a a ed he i d.
a ac T e gage i fi hi g i h he e f (Sec. 102)
e igh i ici a a e , fi h i h
fi hi g igh a ac i g ca d e igh e r. Ca e f aba a d he
i e i be d he a da d e b he b eede / a e T ca ch, ga he ,
De a e . (Sec. 98) ca e e a e i fi h aba
n. C e i f a g e T c e a d he b eede a e f he
a g e i fi h d f a he fi he ecie a a be de e i ed b he
e (Sec. 99) De a e .
o. Fi hi g d i g c ed ea (Sec. 100)
p. Fi hi g i ai e ec ed a ea , fi he Ca chi g f aba a d he b eede / a e
e e e , ef ge a d a c a ie , a dec a ed f ca b eedi g e cie ific
b he De a e he LGU (Sec. 101) e ea ch e a be a ed b ec
q. Fi hi g a i g f a e, h ea e ed g ide i e ha ha be ga ed b
e da ge ed ecie he De a e . (Sec. 103)
i. T fi h a e, ca ch, ga he , e ,
cha e, e , a , s. E ai f b eede , a e , egg
e , f ad hi f
a a ic ecie i ed i
A e di I f he C e i Fai e he a f he hi i g
he I e a i a T ade i f a di g c a f h e
E da ge ed S ecie f Wi d e i he b eede , a e ,
F a a d Fa a (CITES), egg , f a e di c e ed ei ed
h e ca eg i ed b he f c eae i he i e iga i
I e ai a U i f c d c ed b c ce ed g e e
C e ai f Na e a d a h i ie he a e ha c ea e a
Na a Re ce (IUCN) a e i ha he e i c i a ce
h ea e ed a d de e i ed b c i ac be ee he c a a d
he De a e a ch. he hi e i a e he i i f
hi ec i . (Sec. 104)
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ATENEO CENTRAL
a a a e he De a e a
t. I ai e ai f fi h fi he Sec i 57 f hi C de (Sec. 109)
ecie x. Ga he i g a d a e i g f he fi he
he a a ic ecie T ga he , a e, e ,
Fai e he a f he hi i g a fe , e , c e cia a ,
f a di g c a f h e e , f ad hi a e a
e i he fi h fi he ecie a e he fi h he a a ic ecie
i ed e ed a e di c e ed ide ified b he De a e , be he
ei ed f c eae i he i i i e, ab e he a i
i e iga i c d c ed b c ce ed a i ie e c ibed f he ecie . (Sec.
g e e a h i ie ha c ea e a 110)
e i ha he e i c i a ce y. Ob ci a iga i f ebb f
c i ac be ee he hi i g ide i a ea , i e , a e ba (Sec.
c a a d he hi e e e ae 111)
he af e e i ed ffe e. (Sec. 105) z. N c ia ce i h g d a ac e
u. Vi a i f Ha e C R e a ac ice (Sec. 112)
de e i ed b he De a e . (Sec. 106) aa. C e cia fi hi g e e ea
A a ic i he i d ci b e i g ice ed fi he f , fi h e
h a achi e, di ec i di ec , c e (Sec. 113)
f b a ce e eg he a a ic bb. Ob ci f defi ed ig a i a h (Sec.
e i e hich e i i e 114)
e i ch de e e i effec a cc. Ob ci Fi he La E f ce e
ha i i g a d - i i g a a ic Office The fi hi g e e e, a e
e ce , e e ia a d/ ea ea a he e ac i g
ha a d h a hea h, hi d a ce beha f f a fi hi g e e h a a ,
a a ic ac i i ie ch a fi hi g a d e i , i i ida e , ha a e , ei
a iga i . Def e a i , d i e fe e i h, d b c de a
ag ic a ac ice ch a he e f a fi he a e f ce e ffice , a h i ed
ba ed che ica a d e ce i e e f i ec b e e , he de i ed
che ica , i e i e e f a ificia fi h fi h a de f he LGU, a a f -
feed, a d e a d c e i , hich b a di g g e e ffice , i he
ca e i i a ha a d a d de e e i e e ci e f hei d ie ha be e a i ed
effec ha a c i e a a ic de hi C de.
i . A e h d e a a
a h i ed ffice a b e e e e ci e
e.g., D i g/di a f a e a d a f he ega d ie ha be dee ed be
he a i e i e , di cha ge f b c i g ha ffice e . (Sec. 115)
e e e id a d c f dd. N c ia ce i h Fi he ie Ob e e
e e ca b ace C e age (Sec. 116)
a e ia / b a ce , a d he , ee. N c ia ce i h P S a e Mea e .
adi ac i e, i ha f i id, N f eig fi hi g e e ha be a ed
ga e id b a ce , f a e ih idi g a ea e -f
ae, a d ai a he (24)-h i ice. Whe a f eig fi hi g
h a - ade c e. (Sec. 107) e e i g a ed e , fai e ide a
ca ch e ha be dee ed a f . I
v. Fai e c ih i i afe ha i e i e be a f f a e
a da d (Sec. 108) fai c i h he e ae
w. Fai e f e a d ea f ea e ga ed b he De a e i
fi h d , fi h e a d fi h cage b i
Page 251 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
c di a i ih a e a h i ie . (Sec.
117) -e d f ic -
ff. Fai e c i h e a d eg a i
c e ai a d a age e TOPIC OUTLINE UNDER THE SYLLABUS:
ea e , ad ed i e a d eg a i
be ga ed b he De a e . (Sec. III. SPECIAL PENAL LAWS
118)
gg. T e gage i fi hi g ac i i ih D. ANTI-FENCING LAW OF 1979 (PD 1612)
c i g i h he e e i i g
ea e ga ed b he De a e i 1. Defi i i f e (Sec. 2)
c di a i i h he LGU .
2. E e e
F e e e a i g i Phi i i e a e ,
he ca che e e ha be c e ed b hi 3. Pe a ie (Sec. 3)
e i e e . I ha a be a f
i e i a a e i h, i ch ff 4. Liabi i f fficia f idica e
di ab e he e e i i g e . (Sec. (Sec. 4)
119)
hh. T c c i fi hi g e e 5. P e i f fe ci g; E ce i (Sec.
gea c e he e e i fi hi g 5 & 6)
e e ih e i f he De a e
(Sec. 120) 6. O he e e a e
ii. U e f ice ed gea (Sec. 121)
jj. Fa if i g, c cea i g a ei g ih
e e a i g , ide i egi a i
(Sec. 122)
kk. C cea i g, a e i g di i g f
e ide ce e a i g a i e iga i f a
i a i (Sec. 123)
ll. N c ia ce i h he e i e e f he
i d ci f f eig e ic a a ic
ecie (Sec. 124)
mm. Fai e c i h a da d a d ade-
e a ed ea e . (Sec. 125)
nn. P e i g, dea i g i di i g i ega
ca gh a e fi h The di c e fa
fi h ecie ca gh i h he e f
e i e i i
b a ce ha c i e a i a facie
e i ha he e , e e , fi h
dea e , a e, i e, e e
he e f ha edge ha he fi h
ecie a ca gh a e i i ai f
hi C de. (Sec. 126)
oo. U a h i ed di c e f e ii e
ech ica i f a i (Sec. 127)
pp. Vi a i f ad i i a i e de
eg a i ga ed b he De a e
a i i he e f
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ATENEO CENTRAL
D. ANTI-FENCING LAW OF 1979 i ae c ai a , b i ca be i h a

ic i . A c ai a e ed , [ he
I. Definition of terms
C ] ca h d f ce ai ha he e a a
Fe ci g c i ed c i e f hef . The fi e e e f he
I i he ac f a e h , ihi e gai c i e f fe ci g i ab e . (Tan . People, G.R.
f hi e f f a he , ha b , ecei e, No. 134298, 1999)
e , ee , ac i e, c cea , e di e
f, ha b a d e , i a he a e III. Penalties
dea i a a ic e, i e , b ec a hi g f Penal ies as pro ided nder Sec. 3
a e hich he , h d be hi , Val e f e Pe al
ha e bee de i ed f he ceed f he (P)
c i e f bbe hef . (Sec. 2)
12,000 < 22,000 P i ion ma o
> 22,000 P i ion ma o , ma im m +
Fe ce
1 ea f e e addi i a
Thi i c de a e , fi , a cia i ,
P10,000, b ha
c ai a e hi he ga i a i
e ceed 20 ea
h / hich c i he ac f fe ci g. (Sec. 2)
6,000 < 12,000 P i ion co eccional,
II. Elements medi m o ma im m
200 < 6,000 P i ion co eccional,
Ele e f he c i e f fe ci g
minim m o medi m
1. The c i e f bbe hef ha bee
50 < 200 A e o ma o , medi m o
c i ed;
p i ion co eccional,
2. The acc ed, h i he i ci a
minim m
acc ice i he c i e f bbe hef ,
5< 50 A e o ma o , medi m
b , ecei e, e , ee , ac i e,
c cea , e di e f, ha b a d <5 A e o ma o , minim m
e , i a he a e dea i a IV. Liability of officials of juridical persons
a ic e, i e , b ec a hi g f a e,
hich ha bee de i ed f he ceed If he fe ce i a a e hi , fi , c ai
f he aid c i e; a cia i , he e ide he a age
3. The acc ed h d ha e a ffice he e f h k h ld ha e
ha he aid a ic e, i e , b ec a hi g k he c i i f he ffe e ha be
f a e ha bee de i ed f he ceed iab e. (Sec. 4)
f he c i e f bbe hef ; a d,
V. Presumption of fencing; Exception
4. The e i , he a f he acc ed, i e
gai f hi e f a he . (Di on- Ge e al le: Me e e i f a g d,
Pamin an . People, G.R. No. 111426, a ic e, b ec a hi g f a e hich ha bee
1994) b ec f bbe hie e ha be p ima facie
e ide ce f fe ci g. (Sec. 5)
C ai a R i a Li e ified ha he
ce ai i e a d Ma e i Me de c fe ed E ce i : P e i f c ea a ce/ e i
ha he e h e ie a d d he e / e ec d ha d a ic e (Sec. 6)
he acc ed. H e e , R i a Li e e
e ed he hef e e he ice. She A e , e ab i h e e i ie deali g i
ad i ed ha af e Ma e i Me de , he f e he b a d ell f a g d, a ic e, i e , b ec
e ee, c fe ed he a f a i g a hi g f a e b ai ed f a
f he i e , he f ga e hi , a d did lice ed deale lie he e f, ha
ec e hi . Thef i a b ic c i e. bef e ffe i g he a e f ale he blic,
I ca be ec ed de oficio, e e ih a ec e he ece a c ea a ce e i f
Page 253 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
he a i c a de f he I eg a ed Na i a TOPIC OUTLINE UNDER THE SYLLABUS:

P ice f he /ci he e i i ca ed.
Fai e ec e he c ea a ce e i he ei III. SPECIAL PENAL LAWS
e i ed ha c ic i be i hed a a
fe ce. E. BOUNCING CHECKS LAW (BP 22)
1. P i hab e ac ; E e e (Sec. 1)
Fac ha a e be c ide ed i if i g he
e i i c de: 2. E ide ce f edge f i fficie
a. he i e a d ace f he a e, b h f hich f d (Sec. 2)
a be i acc d i h he a ac ice
fc e ce; 3. D f d a ee (Sec. 3)
b. he a e a d c di i f he g d d;
a d, 4. Defe e agai BP 22
c. he fac ha he e e i eg a
e gaged i he b i e f e i g g d . 5. E afa de BP 22 . e afa de
(Ong . People, G.R. No. 190475, 2013) Re i ed Pe a C de
VI. Other relevant rules 6. O he e e a e

Fe ci g i - - i bbe / hef
The e h ac a a fe ce c i he ac
f fe ci g a be ec ed EITHER de he
Re i ed Pe a C de, a a acce OR de
he A i-Fe ci g La , a a i ci a .
Fe ci g d e e ie ha he acc ed
a ici a ed i he de ig c i hef
bbe .
The c i e f bbe a d hef , he e ha d,
a d fe ci g, he he , a e e a a e a d
di i c ffe e . The a e a ch e
ec e hi ei he de he RPC he A i-
Fe ci g La , a h gh he efe e ce f he
a e d ee i e i ab e c ide i g ha
fe ci g i a al hibi , a d he ecia
a c ea e a e i f fe ci g a d
e c ibe a highe e a ba ed he a e f
he e . (Di on-Pamin an . People, G.R.
No. 111426, 1994)
-e d f ic -
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E. BOUNCING CHECKS LAW (BP 22) II. Evidence of knowledge of insufficient

funds
I. Punishable acts
Ge e al le: The a i g, d a i g a d i a ce
a. Wi h i fficie f d aki g
f a chec hich i ef ed b he d a ee
d a i ga di i g check (Sec. 1, a . 1)
beca e f i fficie f d i c edi i h ch
ELEMENTS: ba , he e e ed i hi i e (90) da
1. A e a e da a d i e a f he da e f he chec , ha be p ima facie
chec a acc f a e; e idence f edge f ch i fficie c f
2. K edge f he a e , d a e i e f d c edi . I ca e f i fficie c f f d i
ha he d e ha e fficie f d i he c edi i h ch d a ee ba , ch fac ha
d a ee ba f he a e f ch chec a a be e ici a ed i he ice f
i f i e e e ; di h ef a .
3. The (a) b e e di h f he chec b
he d a ee ba f i fficie c f f d E ce i : If he a e da e
c edi , OR (b) di h f he a e ea a. Pa he h de he e f he a d e
had he d a e , i h a a id ca e, he e ; ,
de ed he ba a e ; b. Ma e a a ge e f a e i f b
4. The a ee h de f he di h ed chec he d a ee f ch chec i hi fi e (5)
gi e a i e ice f di h a d ba i g da af e ecei i g ice ha ch
de a d f a e ; a d, chec ha bee aid b he d a ee.
5. Af e ecei f he i e ice a d (Sec. 2)
de a d, ef e fai a he a e f
he chec i hi fi e (5) ba i g da . (Ba If ch ice f - a e b he d a ee ba
. People, G.R. No. 149858, 2007) i e he a e d a e f he chec ,
if he e i fa he ch ice a
b. Wi h fficie f d aki g ecei ed b he d a e , he he e i
da i g a d i i g, b failed kee he i a facie e ide ce ca a i e, i ce he e
f d (Sec. 1, a . 2) d i be a f ec i g he c cia
5-da e i d.
ELEMENTS:
1. A e a e da a d i e a Th , hi C f he ed i Ki g, "i de
chec a acc f a e; c ea e he i a facie e i ha he i e
2. He had fficie f d i c edi i h he e f he i fficie c f f d , i be
d a ee ba a i g da i g a d h ha he he ecei ed a ice f
i i g he chec ; di h a d, i hi fi e ba i g da he eaf e ,
3. Fai e ee fficie f d ai ai fai ed a i f he a f he chec a e
a c edi c e he f a f he chec , a a ge e f i a e ." (Ch a . People,
if e e ed i hi 90 da f he da e G.R. No. 196853, 2015)
a ea i g he e ;
4. The d a ee ba di h he chec f III. Duty of drawee
ch ea ;
a. Whe ef i g a chec he h de
5. The a ee h de f he di h ed chec
e e e , he d a ee ca e
gi e a i e ice f di h a d
be i e , i ed, a ed i ai
de a d f a e ; a d,
a g age he e , a ached he e , he
6. Af e ecei f he i e ice a d
ea f d a ee' di h ef a
de a d, ef e fai a he a e f
a he a e.
he chec i hi fi e (5) ba i g da .
b. If he e a e fficie f d i c edi
ih ch d a ee ba , ch fac ha
Page 255 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
a a be e lici l a ed i he ice f d. The chec a e e ed f a e

di h ef a . be d 180 da f a i .
c. N i h a di g ecei f a de e. Va id ca e a e .
a e , he d a ee ha a e i he ice f. C ai a a i f ed b i e
ha he e e e fficie f d i c edi bef eha d ha he acc had c ed.
i h ch ba f he a e i f f ch g. The c ai a i he ac a e ia
chec , if ch be he fac . gd e he had e igh e ca h
he chec f a e .
The i d ci i e ide ce f he aid h. O a a ice de a d a a
a d di h ed chec , i h d a ee ef a gi e he d a e di h f
i e , i ed a ed i , i h he d a ee. The a e ie ha he
ea he ef e, ha be p ima facie i fficie c f f d i c edi ha be
e ide ce f he a i g, i a ce a d e lici l a ed i he i e ice f
e e e f a e f he aid chec di h a d de a d f a e .
he d a ee, a e a i e di h f (Domag ang . Co of Appeal , G.R. No.
he ea i e aid chec . (Sec. 3) 139292, 2000)
IV. Defenses against BP 22 V. Estafa under BP 22 vs. Estafa under RPC
The f i g ae ib e defe e agai Dis ing ishing es afa hro gh iss ance of a
iabi i de BP 22: check nder he RPC and BP 22
a. The chec a i ed a a e f a ESTAFA THROUGH
a a de i aid b a acc da i g ISSUANCE OF A
BP 22
a (e de / i a e c ai a ) a CHECK UNDER THE
e i ed de he ea e- cha e RPC
ag ee e . U he e i i e , he The chec i i ed
The chec ca be
Vice P e ide f he c a ha c c e a d
i ed e e i
di ib ed he e i e be b gh . The eci ca i
a e f a e-
ea e- cha e ag ee e did i e i a e , e e f a
e i i g b iga i .
a cha e b e ai ed a ea e i h e-e i i g b iga i .
e a . T cha ge he acc ed f he ef d Da age a d decei
Da age a d decei
f a " a a de i " hich he did a eee e f he
aei a e ia .
i hd a a i a hi acc , i c i e.
ha i g e ai ed i h LS Fi a ce, i e e C i e agai b ic
a e hi a a "deb ", a he i e e (Ca e
C i e agai
ea , i ce e i i e (acc ed) did e dice he
e
ecei e he a i e i . (Magno . ec a d ba i g
CA, G.R. No. 96132, 1992) e )
b. The e i ed ice f di h ha bee BOTH DRAWER AND ONLY THE DRAWER
gi e . The d a e h d be gi e a ice INDORSER a e iab e. i iab e.
f di h gi e hi he i D a e ha 3 da D a e ha 5 da
a e g d he a e f he chec i hi 5 f ice f f ice f di h
ba i g da . di h a e a e g d he
c. The di h f he chec a d e g d he chec chec
i fficie c f f d . If he ea f Ma i e Ma hibi
di h i he ha i fficie c f f d ,
ch a fai e f c ide a i , BP 22 i
i a ed.
Page 256 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
VI. Other relevant rules chec bef e he fi i g f he i f ai

ha a ead a ai ed he e f he a .
Check d a b a c ai , c a
e i
HOWEVER, a e f he a e f he
Whe e he chec i da b a c ai ,
b ced chec AFTER he fi i g f
c a e i , he e / h ac all
i f ai d ge ha e he effec
ig ed he chec i beha f f ch d a e ha
f e e a i g he acc ed f ib e
be iab e. (Sec. 1, a . 3)
c ic i f i ai f BP 22.
N d ble je a d
Si ce f he c e ce e f he
O e ca be c ic ed f e afa a d i a i g BP
ci i a ceedi g i c , he e i
22; d be e a d . I i e e ided
ci c a ce h ha he acc ed had
de Sec. 5 f BP 22 ha , ( ) ec i de
e e i e i i iga e a a e ia e
hi Ac ha be i h e dice a iabi i
he i effec f hi i a ce f he f ded
f i ai fa i i f he RPC. (Nie a
chec , he he e i e i ab e a d
. Dac c , G.R. No . 59568-76, 1990)
c e i g ea ec de hi
ec i . I ch a ca e, he e e f he
I a ce f check a acc da i a
a h d be a ied i f e e . (Lim
Wha he a i he i he i a ce i ef f a
. People, G.R. No. 190834, 2014)
b ci g chec a d he ef hich i
a i ed f he e a d c di i ea i g
2. Ni e (90) da The a e i e
i i a ce. The e e ac f i i g a
ai ai fficie f d i hi i e (90)
he chec , he he ee a a
da f he da e f he chec de
acc da i , i c e ed b BP 22. (R i .
he p ima facie e i f edge f
People, G.R. No. 160893, 2005)
i fficie c f f d de Sec. 2.
3. O e h d ed eigh (180) da Fai e f
P f f di h f i fficie c f f d
he a ee e e he chec f a e
AND k ledge f ch i fficie c
de i i hi e h d ed eigh (180)
e i ed
da f he da e f he chec i a e he
T h d e i i e iab e f i ai f BP 22, i i
i ae a d a ee , h , ci i a
e gh ha he i ed he chec ha a
ac i ha a i e he ef .
b e e di h ed f i fficie c f
f d .I a be h be d ea ab e
-e d f ic -
d b ha he e f he i fficie c f f d
a he i e he chec a i ed. (Ve ga a .
People, G.R. No. 160328, 2005)

S a f ele a ei d de BP 22
1. Fi e (5) ba i g da he a e i e F. SWINDLING BY SYNDICATE (PD 1689)
a e a a ge e a e g d he
chec i hi fi e (5) ba i g da f 1. E e e ; Pe a
ecei f ice f di h be he d
c i i a iab e f he chec i ed. 2. O he e e a e
Pa e ade AFTER he fi e (5) ba i g

da ided b a , BUT BEFORE he
fi i g f he I f ai ha e eae he
acc ed. I effec , he a e f he
Page 257 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
F. SWINDLING BY SYNDICATE (PD 1689) Whe i hable b recl sion emporal

recl sion perpe a
I. Elements
Ele e f i dli g b dica e 1. The e afa i d i g i NOT c i ed b
a dica e, a defi ed ab e;
Whe i hable b life i i e
dea h 2. A f he f a d EXCEEDS P100,000;
a d,
1. E afa he f f i d i g a defi ed
i A ic e 315 a d 316 f he Re i ed Pe a 3. A he e e e ab eae e e .
C de i c i ed;
II. Other relevant rules
a. Wi h fai hf e ab e f T be c ide ed a a dica e de PD 1689,
c fide ce (A . 315); he e e a f a e afa l be
b. B ea f fa e ee e c i ed f a lea fi e i di id al b
f a d e ac e ec ed i a ha e al ed he a cia i ha he
i a e i h he c i i f ed a aged def a d i
f f a d (A . 315); ckh lde , e be de i .
c. Th gh i d ce e b ea f Sec i 1 f PD 1689 ea f a dica e

decei ig a d c e , b f ed i h he i e i f ca i g he
e i g fa d e ac ice i a la f l che e f he i a ia i f
ga b i g ga e, b e i g, he e c ib ed b he e be f he
c cea i g, de i g d c e a cia i . Th , l h e h f ed [ ]
a he a e (A . 315); a age a cia i ha ecei e c ib i
d. E c b a ce f e hi f he ge e a b ic h i a ia ed he
e e di g be he e c ib i ca c i dica ed e afa.
(Remo . Sec e a of J ice, G.R. No. 192925,
e. Di a fe c be ed e 2016)
f. U a f a i g f e a e
A he ea b e f PD 1689 h , he ac
g. E ec i f fic i i c ac hibi ed he ei eed ece a il
h. M gage, e c b a ce, ae f h ea e he abili f he a i . I i
e i ab di aci i a ci i fficie ha i "c a e e blic i e e ."
ac i P b ic i e e a affec ed b he ici a i f
de i de a i e f b a ia fi , a
2. The e afa i di g i c i ed b a i a e e c i g f he e i c e
dica e f fi e e e ; b ac e h e e ic i i ed b he i ega
che e. (People . Bala a, G.R. No. 106357,
3. F ed i h he i e i f ca i g he
1998)
a f i ega ac , a ac i , e e i e
che e; a d, -e d f ic -
4. Def a da i e i he i a ia i
f e c ib ed b c h de ,
e be f a ba , c eai e ,
" a aha g a ( )," fa e
a cia i f f d ici ed b
c ai /a cia i f he ge e a
b ic.
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TOPIC OUTLINE UNDER THE SYLLABUS: G. MIGRANT WORKERS AND OVERSEAS

FILIPINOS ACT OF 1995 (RA 8042 AS
III. SPECIAL PENAL LAWS AMENDED BY RA 10022)
G. MIGRANT WORKERS AND OVERSEAS
FILIPINOS ACT OF 1995 (RA 8042 AS a. Mig a ke
I efe a e h i be e gaged, i
1. Defi i i f e (Sec. 3, RA 8042) e gaged ha bee e gaged i a
e e a ed ac i i i a a e f hich he
2. Ac i c ded i i ega ec i e (Sec. he i a ega e ide ; be ed
5, RA 10022) i e cha geab ih e ea Fi i i e.
b. O e ea Fili i
3. P hibi ed ac (Sec. 5, RA 10022)
I efe de e de f ig a e a d
4. Pe a ie (Sec. 6, RA 10022) he Fi i i ai a ab ad h ae i
di e . (Sec. 3, RA 8042)
5. P e c i i (Sec. 12, RA 8042)
c. Illegal ec i e
6. O he e e a e
I efe a ac f ca a i g, e i i g,
c ac i g, a i g, i i i g, hi i g,
c i g e a d i c de efe i g, c ac
e ice , i i g ad e i i g f
e e ab ad, he he f fi ,
he de ake b a -lice ee -
h lde f a h i c e a ed de A ic e
13(f) f P e ide ia Dec ee N . 442, a
a e ded, he i e a he Lab C de f
he Phi i i e .
A ch - ice ee -h de h , i a
a e , ffe i e f a fee e e
ab ad (2) e e ha be
dee ed e gaged. (Sec. 5, RA 10022)
d. Illegal ec i e b a dica e
I ega ec i e i dee ed c i ed b a
dica e if ca ied b ag f h ee (3)
e e c ii g c fede a i g i h
e a he . Thi ha be c ide ed a ffe e
i i g ec ic ab age. (Sec. 5, RA 10022)
e. Illegal ec i e i la ge cale
I i dee ed c i ed i a ge ca e if c i ed
agai h ee (3) e e i di id a
a ag . Thi ha be c ide ed a ffe e
i i g ec ic ab age. (Sec. 5, RA 10022)
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II. Acts included in illegal recruitment h. T fail b i e he a f

e e , ace e aca cie ,
I ega ec i e ha i c de he f i g ac ,
e i a ce f f eig e cha ge ea i g ,
he he c i ed b a e , he he a
e aai f b , de a e a d ch
-lice ee, -h lde , lice ee h lde
he a e i f ai a a be
fa h i :
e i ed b he SOLE;
i. T b i e al e he ej dice f
a. T cha ge acce di ec i di ec a
he ke , e l e c ac
a g ea e ha ha ecified i he
a ed a d e ified b he DOLE f
ched e f a ab e fee e c ibed b he
he i e f ac a ig i g he e f b he
SOLE, a e a e a
a ie a d i c di g he e i d f he
ac edge a a g ea e ha ha
e iai f he a e i h he a a
ac a ecei ed b hi a a a
f he DOLE;
ad a ce;
j. F a ffice age f a ec i e
b. T f i h bi h a fal e ice
ace e age c bec ea ffice
i f ai d c e i eai
e be f he B a d f a c ai
ec i e e e ;
e gaged i a el age c be e gaged
c. T gi e a fa e ice, e i ,
di ec i di ec i he a age e fa
i f ai d c e c i a ac
a e age c ;
f i e e e ai f he e f
k. T i hh ld de a el d c e
ec i g a lice e a h i de he
f a ica e bef e de a e
Lab C de, f he e f
f ea fi a cial c ide a i ,
d c e i g hi ed e i h he POEA,
f a he ea , he ha h e
i cl di g e ce i g ke h gh
a h i ed de he Lab C de a d i
a j b de ha e ai e i e
i e e i g e a d eg a i ;
k, diffe e f he ac a
l. Fail e ac all de l a c ac ed
e ea , i h a diffe e
e ih alid ea a de e i ed
e e he he egi e ed i h he
b he DOLE;
POEA;
m. Fail e ei b e e e e i c ed b
d. T i d ce a e i d ce a ke
he e i c ec i i h hi
al ead e l ed i hi e l e
d c e ai a d ce i g f
i de ffe hi a he UNLESS he
e f de e , i ca e he e he
a fe i de ig ed libe a e a ke
de e d e ac a a e ace
f e i e e a d c di i f
ih he e ' fa ; a d
e e ;
n. T a a -Fili i ci i e head
e. T i f e ce a e i fl e ce a
a age a ice ed ec i e / a i g
e e i e l a ke
age c . (Sec. 5, RA 10022)
h ha a lied f e l e
h gh hi age c h ha f ed, III. Prohibited acts
i ed ed, ha c ac ed i
ed b a i e ' I addi i , i ha a be a f f a e
ga i a i ; e i c i he f i g hibi ed ac :
f. T e gage i he ec i e ace e f a. G a a l a a e ea Fi i i e
e i j b ha f l blic heal h i h i e e e ceedi g eigh e ce (8%)
ali he dig i f he Re b ic f e a , hich i be ed f a e
he Phi i i e ; f ega a d a ab e ace e fee a d
g. T b c a e b c a e he ig a e i e, ei he
i ec i b he SOLE b hi d e a h gh a g a a
a h i ed e e e a i e;
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acc da i a , da ed chec i fi e f e ha P1,000,000 e

ea i he aid a ; ha P2,000,000.
b. I e a c a d e c i e b. I ega ec i e c i i g ec ic
a a ge e he eb a e ea Fi i i ab age Life i i e a d a fi e f
e i e i ed a ail f a l a l e ha P2,000,000 e ha
f ecificall de ig a ed i i i , P5,000,000.
e i ie e ; c. A f he hibi ed ac I i e f
c. Ref e c d e e eg ia e a l a e ha i (6) ea a d e (1) da
i c ed b a e ea Fi i i e af e b e ha e e (12) ea a d a
he a e ' e e c ac ha bee fi e f e ha P500,000 e ha
e a e e i a ed h gh fa f P1,000,000.
hi he ;
d. I e a c a d e c i e If he ffe de i a alie , he he ha , i
a a ge e he eb a e ea Fi i i addi i he e a ie he ei e c ibed, be
e i e i ed de g heal h de ed i h f he ceedi g .
e a i ai l f ecificall
de ig a ed edica c i ic , i i i , I e e ca e, c ic i ha ca e a d ca
e i ie e , EXCEPT i he ca e f a he a a ic e ca i f he ice e
eafa e h e edica e a i a i c i egi a i f he ec i e / a i g age c ,
h de ed b he i ci a / hi e; e di g i i i , ai i g ch edica
e. I e a c a d e c i e c i ic. (Sec. 6, RA 10022)
a a ge e he eb a e ea Fi i i
e i e i ed de g ai i g, V. Prescription
e i a,i ci ch li g f a I ega ec i e ca e de hi Ac ha
ki d l f ecificall de ig a ed e c ibe i fi e (5) ea .
i i i , e i ie e , EXCEPT f
ec e da ai i g a da ed b I ega ec i e ca e i i g ec ic
i ci a / hi e he e he a e ab age a defi ed he ei ha e c ibe i
h de he c f ch ai i g ; e (20) ea . (Sec. 12, RA 8042)
f. F a e ded ec i e / a i g
age c e gage i a i d f ec i e VI. Other relevant rules
ac i i i c di g he ce i g f e di g
Pe liable
e ' a ica i ;a d
The e ci i a iab e f he ab e
g. F a ec i e / a i g age c a
ffe e a e he i ci a , acc ice a d
f eig i ci a /e e a he
acce ie .
e ea Fi i i e ded c f hi
he a a he a e f he c f
I ca e f idica e , he ffice ha i g
i a ce fee , e i he
e hi , c , a age e di ec i f
i a ce ela ed cha ge , a ided
hei b i e h ae e ib e f he
de he c e' i a ce
c i i f he ffe e a d he e ib e
c e age. (Sec. 5, RA 10022)
e ee /age he e f ha be iab e. (Sec. 5,
IV. Penalties RA 10022)
If f dg i f E afa a d illegal ec i e
a. I ega ec i e I i e f E afa a d i ega ec i e a e e i e diffe e
e ha e e (12) ea a d e (1) da ffe e . Nei he e ece a i i c de i
b e ha e (20) ea a d a ece a i i c ded i he he . A e h i
c ic ed f i ega ec i e a , i addi i be
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c ic ed f e afa de A ic e 315 2(a) f he H. ANTI-ILLEGAL NUMBERS GAMES LAW

Re i ed Pe a C de. (People . Billabe , G.R. No. (PD 1602, AS AMENDED BY RA 9287)
114967-68, 2004)
The fi i g f a ffe e i hab e de hi Ac Illegal be ga e

ha be i h ej dice he fi i g f ca e I efe a f f i ega ga b i g ac i i
i hab e de he e i i g a , e hich e be c bi a i he e f a
eg a i . (Sec. 5, RA 10022) fac i gi i g ac . (Sec. 2, RA 9287)
-e d f ic - II. Persons liable

a. O he ha h e i he cceedi g i e ,
TOPIC OUTLINE UNDER THE SYLLABUS: a e h a ici a e i a illegal
be ga e a illegal
III. SPECIAL PENAL LAWS a h i ed ac i i ie ga e f
c c figh i g, e e g, ai-a ai h e aci g
H. ANTI-ILLEGAL NUMBERS GAMES LAW (PD i c de b ie eai a d ga e
1602, AS AMENDED BY RA 9287) fi i g, be , bi g a d he f f
e ie ; ca a c , ia g a d he i e;
1. Defi i i f e (Sec. 2) 7-11 a d a ga e i g dice; b ac ac ,
c i e, e a d i de i a i e , e,
2. Pe iab e bacca a , c a , a gg i g e a d he
ca d ga e ; ai e, high a d ,
3. P e i f ga b i g a a he a ia ah g, d i a d he ga e i g
a p ima facie e ide ce (Sec. 4, RA a ic i e a d he i e; achi e ,
9287) e e, i ba a d he echa ica
c a i a d de ice ; d g aci g, b a
4. I f e e a d (Sec. 11, RA 9287) aci g, ca aci g a d he f f ace ,
ba e ba , b i g, e ba , b i g,
5. O he e e a e i g g a d he f f i di id a
ea c e i c de ga e fi i g, i
ha i g a d he achi a i ; ba i g
e ce age ga e, a he ga e
che e, he he cha ce kill,
he ei age c i i g f e ,
a icle f al e e e e ai e f
al e a e a ake ade;
b. A e h ha k i gl e i a
f f ga b i g efe ed i (a) be
ca ied i i habi ed i habi ed
lace i a b i di g, e e he
ea f a ai ed
c lled b hi ;
c. A e h ha k i gl e i a
f f ga b i g efe ed i (a) i a ace
he e ga b i g i ca ied ha a
e ai f a ga b i g ace ha
hibi ed ga b i g i f e e ca ied
he ei , he ace i a b ic
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g e e b i di g ba a ga ha ; (Sec. eae he a e i c ec i
1, PD 1602) he e i h; a d,
d. Be ace be f hi e f/he e f i 3. Fai e a ehe d e e a f
beha f f a he e , a e , a i ega be ga e. (Sec. 5, RA
he ha he e e aff f a i ega 9287); a d,
be ga e e a i ; l. A a e , g a dia e e e ci i g
e. Pe e aff f a i ega be a a h i a ce da c e a i ,
ga e e a i ac i he i e e f he ad i ca aci a ed e , a d
ai ai e , a age ea , ch a , he i e fa i g de a f he
b i i ed , a acc a , ca hie , ab e e i ed ac , h i d ce
chec e , g a d, e , ab e a age , ca e ch i , a d i ca aci a ed
he , a che , a he e e ch e c i a f he ffe e
i ia f ci i a b i di g, c e, i hab e de hi Ac .
e e , ehic e, a he ace he e a U c ic i , aid ae ,
i ega be ga e i e a ed g a dia e e e ci i g a
c d c ed; a h i a ce da c ha be
Thi i c de a e h a de i ed f hi /he a h i e he
hi ehic e, h e b i di g a d i , ad i ca aci a ed e .
be ed i he e a i f he i ega (Sec. 6, RA 9287)
be ga e .
f. C ec age c ec , ici III. Possession of gambling paraphernalia as
d ce be i beha f f hi /he i ci a f prima facie evidence
a i ega be ga e h i a i The e i f a ga b i g a a he a ia
e i f ga b i g a a he a ia; a d he a e ia ed i he i ega be
g. C di a , c e e i ga e eai ha be dee ed p ima facie
e e ci e c a d e i i e he e ide ce f a ffe e c e ed b hi Ac . (Sec.
c ec age ; 4, RA 9287)
h. Mai ai e , a age ea ai ai ,
a age eae a i ega be IV. I f e e ad
ga e i a ecific a ea f h he
A e h , ha i g edge
c di a , c e e i , a d
i f ai fa ffe e c i ed de hi
c ec age a e de ;
Ac a d h ha di c e he a e hich a
i. Fi a cie ca i a i fi a ce he
ead he a e a d fi a c ic i f he
eai f a i ega be ga e; a d,
ffe de , a be e a ded a ce ai e ce age
j. P ec c dd e - e d ide
f he ca h e a ic e f a e c fi ca ed
ec i , ecei e be efi i a a e
f fei ed i fa f he g e e , hich ha
i he e a i f a i ega be ga e.
be de e i ed b he DOJ, i c di a i ih
k. Ag e e e ee a d/ b ic fficia ,
he DILG a d he NAPOLCOM. (Sec. 11, RA
he he e ec ed a i ed, ha be he d
9287)
iab e f he f i g ac :
1. A e he e/ f c ec , age , V. Other relevant rules
c di a , c e, e i ,
ai ai e , a age , ea , I i f ec i
fi a cie ca i a i (i e (f) (i) f A e h e e a a i e f he
Pe Liab e ec i ); g e e ide e ide ce i a c i i a
2. Whi e ha i g edge f he ca e i i g a i ai f hi Ac , h
e i e ce f he e a i f a i ega ai b i e f a b e a
be ga e i hi /he i dic i , e ifica d d ce ec , d ce ,
fai aba e a e ac i ,
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ide ifie , gi e e i ha be i e TOPIC OUTLINE UNDER THE SYLLABUS:

f a ci i a ec i . (Sec. 8, RA 9287)
P ec i , j dg e a d f fei e f
e I. COMPREHENSIVE FIREARMS AND
A e a be cha ged i h c ic ed f AMMUNITION REGULATION ACT (RA 10591)
he ffe e c e ed b hi Ac ih
1. Defi i i f e
ej dice he ec i f a ac ac
e ali ed de he Re i ed Pe al C de a. Fi ea
he e i i g la .
b. Ligh Wea
D i g he e de c f he ca e, e
i c e ed de i ed he ef hich a be c. L eA
c fi ca ed a d f fei ed hall be di ed,
d. S a A
alie a ed a fe ed a d he a e ha be
in c odia legi a d b d hall be ad i ed 2. P i hab e ac
f he elea e f he a e.
a. U a f ac i i i ,
U c ic i , all ceed , ga b i g e i f fi ea a d
a a he a ia a d he i e f he c i e a ii (Sec. 28)
i c di g a ea e a e ed i
a i ega be ga e eai hall be b. U e f e fi ea i he
c fi ca ed a d f fei ed i fa f he S a e. c i i f a c i e (Sec. 29)
All a e a d e ie f he acc ed ei he
c. O he hibi ed ac
ed he d b hi /he i hi /he a e i
he a e f a he e f d be 3. O he e e a e
a ife l f i hi /he la f l
i c e ha be prima facie e ed be
ceed f he ffe e a d ha i e i e be
c fi ca ed a d f fei ed i fa f he S a e.
(Sec. 9, RA 9287)
-e d f ic -
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I. COMPREHENSIVE FIREARMS AND 1. Ha dg hich i a fi ea i e ded be

AMMUNITION REGULATION ACT (RA fi ed f he ha d, hich i c de :
10591) (i) A i hich i a ha d- e a ed
fi ea ha i g a cha be i eg a i h
I. Definition of Terms
e a e a ig ed i h he b e
Defi i i f Fi ea hich a be e f- adi g; a d
A ha dhe d ab e ea , he he a (ii) Re e hich i a ha d- e a ed
a a igh ea , ha e e i fi ea iha e i g c i de
de ig ed e e ab e, h , g, i i e c ai i g cha be f i di id a
a ec i e, hich i di cha ged b ea f ca idge .
e a i e f ce f ga e f b i g 2. Rif e hich i a h de fi ea
g de he f f c b i a de ig ed be fi ed f he h de ha
i ia i e i e e . (Sec. 3 ( )) ca di cha ge a b e h gh a if ed
ba e b diffe e ac i f adi g, hich
Defi i i f Ligh ea a be c a ified a e e , b , e f-
Cla -A Ligh eapon hich efe e f- adi g adi g; a d
i , if e a d ca bi e , b achi e g , 3. Sh g hich i a ea de ig ed, ade
a a if e a d igh achi e g a d i e ded fi e a be f ba h
e ceedi g ca ibe 7.62MM hich ha e f a i ge ec i e h gh a hb eb
a a ic de; he ac i e eg f b i g
g de . eg a i (Sec. 3 (dd)).
Cla -B Ligh eapon hich efe ea
de ig ed f e b (2) e e II. Punishable acts
e i g a a ce , if e a d achi e g a. U la f l ac i ii , e i f
e ceedi g ca ibe 7.62MM ch a hea fi ea a da ii (Sec. 28)
achi e g , ha dhe d de ba e a d
ed g e ade a che , ab e a i-ai c af 1. S a a / ( a a a he e f)
g , ab e a i- a g , ec i e if e , i e ded f i di id a e, be fi ed f
ab e a che f a i- a i iea d c e ha d h de , ca ab e f f
e , ab e a che f a i-ai c af a a ic b ;
i ie e ,a d a f a ca ibe f e
ha 100MM (Sec. 3 ( )). 2. C a -A igh ea ( a a a
he e f) e f- adi g i , if e , e c.
Defi i i fL e fi ea e ceedi g ca ibe 7.62MM hich ha e f
A egi e ed fi ea , a b i e a ed a e ed a a ic de;
fi ea , fi ea hich ha bee e ,
i ega a fac ed fi ea , egi e ed 3. C a -B igh ea ( a a a
he e f) de ig ed f e f 2 e
fi ea i he e i f a i di id a he
e , hich ha a ca ibe e ceedi g
ha he ice ee a d h e i h e ed ice e
7.62MM;
i acc da ce i h he e a d eg a i
(Sec. 3 ( )).
4. Fi ea / a ha dhe d ea , a
igh ea , ha e e a b e a
Defi i i f S all a
ec i e; hi i c de a ba e , f a e,
Small a m efe fi ea i e ded be
ecei e , a a a he e f;
i a i de ig ed f i di id a e ha hich
i ge e a c ide ed ea a ea 5. A ii .
i e ded be fi ed f he ha d h de ,
hich a e ca ab e f f a a ic b f Agg a a i g ci c a ce f ie (1)
di cha ge, ch a : (3)
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i. L aded i h a ii i e ed ih a If he c i e c i ed i h he e f a e
aded aga i e; fi ea i e a i ed b he a iha a i
e a hich i e a he e a i ed f
ii. Fi ed ed i h a e a gadge i ega e i f fi ea , he e al f
ed g ide he h e hi he a ge prision ma or i i i i e i d hall be
ch a he a ea igh (TWS) a d i ed i addi i he e a f he c i e
he i e; i hab e de he Re i ed Pe a C de
he ecia a f hich he/ he i f dg i .
iii. Fi ed ed ih i e c e ,
fi ea ff e fi ea i e ce ; Ab bed a a ele e f he c i e f
ebelli , i ec i , a e ed co p
iv. Acc a ied iha e a ba e ; a d
d' e a
v. C e ed be ca ab e f fi i g f
If he i a i f hi Ac i ade i f he a ce
a a ic b .
f, i cide , i c ec i i h he
b. U e f l e fi ea i he c i i fa c ime of ebellion o in ec ion, o a emp ed
c i e (Sec. 29) co p d' e a , ch i a i ha be ab bed a
a ee e f aid c i e/ .
Al e fi ea efe
C ide ed a a di i c a d e a a e ffe e
1. U egi e ed fi ea ;
If he c i e i c i ed b he e ih
2. Ob i e a ed a e ed fi ea ; i g he l e fi ea , he i a i f hi Ac
ha be c ide ed a a di i c a d e a a e
3. Fi ea hich ha bee e ; ffe e.
4. I ega a fac ed fi ea ; Liabili fJ idical Pe
5. Regi e ed fi ea i he e i fa The e a f i i a i i i i
i di id a he ha he ice ee; a d i i a i i edi e i d ha be
i ed he e , e ide , a age ,
6. Th e ih e ed ice e .
di ec he e ible ffice f a
C ide ed a agg a a i g ci c a ce idical e i h ha illf ll k i gl
all a f he fi ea ed b ch be
The e f a e fi ea , he i he e i he ed b a e e f d g il f
c i i f a ci e i hab e de he i la i g he i i f he ecedi g
Re i ed Pe a C de he ecia a , ha ec i , illf ll k i gl all a f
be c ide ed a a agg a a i g ci c a ce. he e egi e ed fi ea ih a
legal a h i be ca ied ide f hei
If e al f c i e cha ged i l e ha he e ide ce i he c e f hei e l e .
e al f illegal e i f fi ea
c. O he hibi ed ac
If he c i e c i ed i h he e f a e
fi ea i e a i ed b he a iha a i 1. U a f a fac e, i ai , ae
e a hich i e ha he e a i ed di ii f a fi ea a ii , a
f i ega e i f fi ea , he e al f a a he e f, achi e ,
illegal e i f fi ea hall be i ed i e ed i e ded be ed b
i lie f he e al f he c i e cha ged. he a e e i he a fac e f a
fi ea , a ii , a a a he e f
If e al f c i e cha ged i e al he (Sec. 32);
e al f illegal e i f fi ea
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2. P e i f achi e , i e fi ea ff e ,
i he a e a ed ab eb a e fi ea
h e b i e , e e ac i i i e ce
d e a f dea i h he e i f 4) Acc a ied
ch a ic e ha be i a facie e ide ce iha e a
ha ch a ic e i i e ded be ed ba e
a f . 5) C e ed be
ca ab e f fi i g
3. A gg i g (Sec. 33); f a a ic
b
4. Ta e i g, bie ai a eai f
fi ea ide ifica i (Sec. 34); P fa a a f P i ion ma o i i
a a a i i ei d
5. U e fi iai fi ea (Sec. 35); P i ion ma o i i
edi ei d
6. P a i g e ide ce (Sec. 38); If hi i a i i
c i ed b he
7. Fai e if e fi ea igh
P fa ii f a e e
ea (Sec. 40); a d,
a a a cha ged i h
8. U a f a fe / egi ai f fi ea C a A igh a f ac i i i
(Sec. 41). ea e i fa
a a , he
S mmar of penal ies nder Sec. 28 & 29 f e i ai
P i hable ac / Pe al ha be ab bed
P fa a a (a) P i ion ma o b he a e
P f3 e a Recl ion empo al P fa a a f P i ion ma o i i
a Ca A ecl ion aCa A ea edi ei d
igh ea (b) pe pe a P i ion ma o i i
P f a C a A igh P i ion ma o i i edi ei d
ea (c) a i ei d If hi i a i i
P f a C a B igh Recl ion pe pe a c i ed b he
ea a e e
P fa ii f
P+a f he O e deg ee highe cha ged i h
a C a A igh
f i g ha he e a ie i a f ac i i i
ea
1) L aded i h (a), (b), a d (c) e i fa
a ii C a A ea ,
i e ed i h a he f e i ai
aded ha be ab bed
aga i e b he a e
2) Fi ed P fa a a f P i ion ma o i i
ed i h a C a B igh a i ei d
a e a ea
gadge ed P i ion ma o i i
g ide he a i ei d
h e hi P fa ii f If hi i a i i
he a ge a C a B igh c i ed b he
3) Fi ed ea a e e
ed i h cha ged i h
i e c e , a f ac i i i
Page 267 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
e i fa A h i f Ba a ga Ca ai ca
C a B ea , fi ea
he f e i ai
ha be ab bed The a h i f a Ba a ga Ca ai ca hi
b he a e fi ea ide hi e ide ce a ed i he
a h i gi e hi b L ca G e e C de
Pe a f he
(LGC), hich a e ha i he e f a ce f
ci e
P + i he e i he hi eace a d de f c i , he g
+
ci e ba a ga ha be e i ed e a d ca
agg a a i g
he ece a fi ea i hi hi e i ia
ci c a ce
i dic i If he Ba a ga Ca ai i i hi
P i ion Ma o
hi ba a ga , he ca be e a a ed f hi
P + ed i c i e ( he e a f
d a a g ba a ga ai ai eace
iha e e a i ega e i f
a d de . (A ille o . Ca imi o, G.R. No. 190569,
fi ea )
2012)
Pe a f c i e
P + ed i c i e + O e hi f he fi ea i a e e ial
ih a e e a P i ion Ma o ele e
i i
Pe a f he The e i i e a i dic ed f he c i e f i ega
ci e+ e i f fi ea , a defi ed a d e a i ed
Pe a f i ega b P.D. N . 1866, a a e ded b R.A. N . 8294.
P+ ed i he e i f The e e e f he ec i f hich c i e
ci e fi ea ( he a e: (1) he e i e ce f b ec fi ea ; a d (2)
e a d be he fac ha he acc ed h e ed
e aaea d ed he a e d e ha e he
di i c ) c e di g ice e f i .
P + f he a ce f, The c i e f P i
Ve i , e hi i a e e ia e e e f
i cide , i ab bed.
he c i e f i ega e i f fi ea . Wha
c ec i ih
i e e e i ed i ei he ac a c ci e
he c i e f
e i c ed i h anim po idendi
ebe i ,
i e e . (Mendo a . People, G.R. No.
i ec i ,
234196, 2018)
edi i , a e ed
co p d e a . Wha eed be e abli hed f illegal
III. Other relevant rules e i f fi ea
U e fa i iai fi ea (Sec. 35) T ai c ic i f i ega e i f

fi ea , he ec i h ha :
A i i a i fi ea ed i he c i i fa
c i e ha be c ide ed a eal fi ea a 1. he fi ea e i ; a d,
defi ed i hi Ac a d he e h c i ed
he c i e ha be i hed i acc da ce i h 2. he acc ed had c e di g ice e
hi Ac . f i . (De G man Ag ila People, G.R.
No. 240475, 2019)
Ho e e , i ie ca ed he cca i f he
c d c f c eii , , ga e , a -e d f ic -
ec ea i ac i i ie i i g i iai fi ea
ha be i hab e de hi Ac .
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ATENEO CENTRAL
TOPIC OUTLINE UNDER THE SYLLABUS: J. ANTI-HAZING ACT OF 2018 (RA 8049, AS
J. ANTI-HAZING ACT OF 2018 RA 8049, AS Ha i g
AMENDED BY RA 11053
1. A ac ha e l i h ical
1. Defi i i f e (Sec. 2) ch l gical ffe i g, ha , i j ;
2. P hibi i ha i g (Sec. 3) 2. I f ic ed a ec i , e h e, a ica ,

e be a a f a i i ia i ie
3. Reg a i f ch -ba ed i i ia i
ac ice ade a a ee i ie f
i e (Sec. 4, RA 11053)
ad i i a e ie e f c i i g
4. Pe iab e e be hi i a f a e i , i ,
ga i a i ;
5. O he e e a e
3. I c di g, b i i ed , add i g,
hi i g, bea i g, b a di g, f ced
ca i he ic , e e he ea he , f ced
c i f a f d, i , be e age,
d g he b a ce, a he b al
ea e f ced h ical ac i i
hich i likel ad e el affec he
h ical a d ch l gical heal h f ch
ec i , e h e, a ica , e be ;
a d,
4. Addi i a , ha i g i c de a ac i i ,
i e i all ade he i e, b e
e al e ac i g i h he , ha
e d h ilia e e ba a , deg ade,
ab e, e da ge , b e i i g a ec i ,
e h e, a ica , e be d
e ial, ill , f li h a k . (Sec. 2)
O ga i a i
I i a ga i ed b d f e e hich i cl de ,
b i li i ed , a c b, a cia i ,
g , fae i , a d i . Thi e ha
i c de he A ed F ce f he Phi i i e
(AFP), he Phi i i e Na i a P ice (PNP), he
Phi i i e Mi i a Acade (PMA), he Phi i i e
Na i a P ice Acade (PNPA), a d he
i ia if ed e ice- ea i g i i i .
(Sec. 2)
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ATENEO CENTRAL
I i ia i i i ia i ie III. Regulation of school-based initiation

rites
I efe ce e ie , ac ice , i a , he
ac , he he f a i f a , ha a e Sch -ba ed i i ia i ie d c i e
ef a e a i de be ha i g ided ha
acce ed i a fae i , i ,
1. A i e a lica i c d c i i ia i
ga i a i a a f ll-fledged e be .
i e ha be ade he e a h i ie
I i c de ce e ie , ac ice , i a , a d f he ch a e ha e e (7) da
he ac i all age f e be hi i a i he c d c f i i ia i ;
fae i , i , ga i a i . (Sec. 2)
2. The i e a ica i i dica e:
II. Prohibition on hazing
a. P ace a d da e f he i i ia i ie ;
All f f ha i g ha be hibi ed i
f a e i ie , i ie , a d ga i ai i b. Na e f he ec i , e h e
ch , i cl di g ci i e ' i i a ai i g a d a ica be i i ia ed;
ci i e ' a ai i g, i c di g ch -
c. Ma e b hich he i c d c he
ba ed ch a c i -ba ed a d he
i i ia i i e ; a d,
i ia ga i a i .
d. Na e f he i c be ffice f
HOWEVER, he f i g hall be
he f a e i , i , ga i a i
c ide ed ha i g:
a d a e e h i
1. Te , ai i g , ac ice a d ced e a e cha ge i he c d c f he
e ed f ec i e eg la i i ia i ie .
e be f he A ed F ce f he
The a ica i ha be de a h i h
Phi i i e (AFP) a d Phi i i e Na i a
a decla a i ha i ha bee ed i
P ice (PNP), a a ed b he Sec e a
he fficia ch b e i b a d, he
f Na i a Defe e a d he Na i a P ice
b e i b a d f he ffice f he
C i i d ec e ded b he
fae i , i , ga i a i , AND
Chief f S aff f AFP a d he Di ec
(2) he c ic ace i he
Ge e a f PNP;
ch i he e i e f he
2. Si i a ced e a d ac ice a ed ga i a i .
b he e ec i e head f he
The a ica i ha be ed f he
if ed lea i g i i i a hei
i e f b i i f he i e ice
ec i e e be ; a d,
he ch a h i ie head f
3. A c a a hle ic e e he ga i a i a d ha be e ed
i ila c e a dc eii , a f i i g h ee (3) da af e
ac i i c d c ha f he a legal a d he c d c f he i i ia i ie ;
legi i a e bjec i e, bjec o p io
3. The i i ia i i e ha a e ha
bmi ion of a medical clea ance o
h ee (3) da ; a d,
ce ifica e.
4. The e a e a ea (2) e e e a i e f
N ha i g ha be ade a e ie e f
he ch e e d i g he i i ia i .
e e i a b i e c a i . (Sec.
3) Sch fficia ha ha e he a h i i e
af e d e ice a d a hea i g,
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ATENEO CENTRAL
di ci i a a ci , i acc da ce i h he The e i e a d e ea ed a
ch ' g ide i e a d eg a i he a e . i iai ade a e h had
ice ef ed a ici a e i he
A e be f he f a e i , i , ed fae i , i ,
ga i a i , h a ici a ed i he ga i a i , ha be i a facie
a h i ed i i ia i i e , e e if ha i g a e ide ce f e a i .
c d c ed, ha a be i hed acc di g .
(Sec. 4, RA 11053) h. O e le ee f he lace he e ha i g
i c d c ed, he he ha ac a edge
IV. Persons liable f he ha i g b fai ed a e ac i
Liable a PRINCIPALS e e he a e, OR fai ed
e he a e if he ca d ih
a. All e h ac all la ed OR ei hei e hei fa i ;
a ici a ed i he c d c f he ha i g;
i. Pa e if he d i he h e f e f he
b. A i c be a d f e ffice , ffice e be f he f a e i , g ,
e ide e be , al i f he ga i a i , he he ha e ac a
fae i , i ga i a i h ae edge he ha i g c d c ed b fai ed
ac all e e d i g he ha i g; a e a ac i e e he a e OR
fai ed e he a e if he ca
c. The ad i e f he f a e i , i d ih ei hei e hei
ga i a i h i fa i .
1. P e e he he ac c i i g he The e e ce f a e , e e if ch
ha i g eec i ed; a d e i a e be f he f a e i , i ,
ga i a i , d i g he ha i g i i a facie
2. Failed a e ac i e e he
e ide ce f a ici a i he ei a a i ci a ,
a e; ,
e ch e e e e ed he
3. Failed l e he a e c i i f he ac i hab e,
he a e f ce e a h i ie , if ch e ed he a e he a e f ce e
ad i e ad i e ad i e ca d a h i ie if he ca d ih e i, hei
ih ei hei e hei e hei fa i .
fa i .
A f f ha i g ha be hibi ed i
d. Office e be h k i gl f a e i ie , i ie , a d ga i ai i
c e a ed i ca i g he ha i g b ch , i c di g ci i e ' i i a ai i g a d
i d ci g he ic i be e e he ea ; ci i e ' a ai i g, i c di g ch -
ba ed ch a c i -ba ed a d he
e. Me be h a e e e d i g he i ia ga i a i .
ha i g he he a e i ica ed
Liable a ACCOMPLICE
de he i fl e ce f a c h i ega
d g ; Sch a h i ie , ba a ga , ici a ci
fficia ha be he d iab e a acc ice if:
f. A e h ha i i ida e,
h ea e , f ce, e , ad i i e a. The ha e c e ed he ha i g;
a f f e ai agai a he
e f he e f ec i e b. Ha e ac al k ledge, b failed ake
i i i g i g a a ic a a ac i e e he a e; ,
fae i , i , ga i a i .
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ATENEO CENTRAL
c. Fai ed e he a e if he K. COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUGS

ca d ih ei hei e hei ACT OF 2002 (RA 9165, AS AMENDED BY
fa i . RA 10640)
V. Other relevant rules I. Definition of terms
Rec g i i g he mal m p ohibi m cha ac e i ic De , di e e

f ha i g, he a ide ha a e
I i a ace he e a da ge d g a d/
cha ged i h he aid c i e hall be e i led
c ed ec a d e e ia che ica i
he i iga i g ci c a ce ha he e a
ad i i e ed, de i e ed, ed f i ega
i e i c i g a ea g. A ,
e , di ib ed, d ed i a f .
he f a e f he a i e ded ha he c e
f he ic i hall be a defe e i ha i g. D g dica e
(D ngo . People, G.R. No. 209464, 2015)
I efe a ga i ed g f (2) e
-e d f ic - e f i g i i g ge he i h he
i e i f c i i g a ffe e e c ibed
de hi Ac .
III. SPECIAL PENAL LAWS Fi a cie
K. COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUGS I efe a e h a f , ai e

ACT OF 2000 (RA 9165, AS AMENDED BY RA ie e f , de i e a f he
10640) i ega ac i i ie e c ibed de hi Ac .
1. Defi i i f e (Sec. 3) P ec /c ddle
2. P i hab e ac I efe a e h i g a d i f
c e he a f ac ided f i hi
3. Chai fc d (Sec. 21)
Ac a d e hi /he i f e ce, e ii
4. P ea-ba gai i g (Sec. 23) i hie di g, ha b i g, c ee i g faci i a i g
he e ca e f a e he/ he , ha
5. O he e e a e ea ab e g d be ie e ec ,
ha i a ed he i i f hi Ac i de
e e he a e , ec i a d c ic i f
he i a .
II. Punishable acts

a. I ai f da ge d g a d/
c ed ec a d e e ia
che ica , ega d e f a i i
i ed. The a i e a ha be
i ed he :
D e h gh he e f a di a ic
a , di a ic faci i ie , a
he ea i i g a ffe de '
fficia a i e ded faci i a e
a f e ;a d
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ATENEO CENTRAL
Ac i g a ga i e , a age , Deli e i a ac fk i gl a i g
fi a cie . (Sec. 4) a da ge d g a he , e a
he i e, a d b a ea , i h
b. Sale, adi g, ad i i a i , ih c ide a i .
di e a i , deli e , di ib i a d
a ai f da ge d g a d/ c. Mai e a ce f a de , di e e . The
c ed ec a d e e ia a i e a ha be i ed he :
che ica , i c di g a a d a ecie f
i ega dle f he a i A da ge d g i ad i i e ed,
a d i i ed. The a i e a de i e ed d a i h i
ha be i ed he : a ed e he a e i ch a
ace.
It transpires within one hundred (100)
meters from the school. Ac i g a ga i e , a age ,
Using minors or mentally incapacitated fi a cie . (Sec. 6)
individuals as runners, couriers and
d. Bei g a e ee f a de , di e e ,
messengers, or in any other capacity.
h i a a e f he a e f he ace a
The victim of the offense is a minor or a ch. (Sec. 7)
mentally incapacitated individual, or
should a dangerous drug and/or a A e h , bei g i c ded i
controlled precursor and essential he i i f he e ecedi g
chemical involved in any offense herein a ag a h, i a a e f he a e f he
provided be the proximate cause of death ace a ch a d ha i g i i
of a victim. he a e.
Acting as organizer, manager, or
financier. (Sec. 5) e. Ma fac e f da ge d g a d/
c ed ec a d e e ia
Illegal sale che ica (Sec. 8)
In order to sustain conviction for selling prohibited
The e e ce f a c ed ec
drugs, the element of sale must be unequivocally
a d e e ia che ica ab a
established. Also, what the law proscribes is not
e i e i he c a de i e ab a i a
only the act of selling but also, albeit not limited
i a facie f f a fac e f a
to, the act of delivering. The commission of the
da ge d g. I ha be c ide ed a
offense of illegal sale of marijuana required
agg a a i g ci c a ce if he c a de i e
merely the consummation of the selling
ab a i de a e e ab i hed
transaction. What is important is that the poseur-
de he f i g ci c a ce :
buyer received the marijuana from the accused.
(People v. Ponferada, G.R. NO. 101004, 1993) 1. A ha e f he a fac i g
ce a c d c ed i he
e e ce i h he he f i / ;
Ele e f illegal ale
2. A ha e a fac i g ce
1. Identity of the buyer and the seller, the object
a e ab i hed de a e i hi
of the sale and the consideration;
e h d ed (100) ee f a
2. Delivery of the thing sold and the payment
e ide ia , b i e , ch ch
therefor. (People of the Philippines v. Teofilo
ch e i e ;
Honrado and Romulo Honrado, G.R. No.
182197, 2012)
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ATENEO CENTRAL
3. A c a de i e ab a a 3. he acc ed f ee a d c ci
ec ed ec ed ih b b e ed he d g. (People .
a ; T inidad, G.R. No. 199898, 2014)
4. A c a de i e ab a a J i de ce i c i e i ha e e
c cea ed i h egi i a e b i e e i f a hibi ed d g
eai ; c i e i a facie e ide ce f
k ledge anim po idendi
5. A e e f a ac i i e , fficie c ic a acc ed i he
che ica e gi ee , b ic fficia ab e ce f a a i fac e a ai .
f eig e . I ega e i f eg a ed d g i
mala p ohibi a, a d, a ch, c i i al
The a i e a ided f de
i e i a e e ial ele e .
hi Sec i ha be i ed a
H e e , he ec i e
e , h ga i e , a age ac
ha he acc ed had he i e
a a "fi a cie " f a f he i ega
e (anim po idendi) he d g .
ac i i ie e c ibed i hi Sec i .
P e i , de he a , i c de
f. I ega che ica di e i f c ed ac a e i , b a
ec a d e e ia che ica (Sec. 9) c ci e e i . Ac a
e i e i he he d g i i he
g. Ma fac e de i e f e i e , i edia e e i c f he
i e , a aa , a d he acc ed. O he he ha d, c ci e
a a he a ia f da ge d g a d/ e i e i he he d g i de
c ed ec a d e e ia he d i i a d c f he acc ed
che ica . The a i e a ha be he he ha he igh e e ci e
i ed he a e , h e a d i i a d c e he ace
i a e a i ca aci a ed i di id a he e i i f d. E c i e e i
de i e ch e i e , i e , c i ece a . (People .
a aa a d he a a he a ia f T inidad, G.R. No. 199898, 2014)
da ge d g . (Sec. 10)
i. P e i f e i e , i e ,
h. P e i f da ge d g , ega d e a aa a d he a a he a ia f fi
f i f he a i ie aid d i he ac . i e ded f i g, c i g,
(Sec. 11) ad i i e i g, i ec i g, i ge i g,
i d ci g a da ge d g i he
If e h ha e ed ii e i a b d (Sec. 12)
f di e i f da ge d g ,
he h d be ec ed de j. P e i f da ge d g d i g
e i . He ce, USE i b ed b a ie , cia ga he i g ee i g , i
POSSESSION. he i ae c a f a ea (2)
e , ega d e f a i a d i ,
Ele e f e i ha ffe a i e a (Sec. 13)
1. he acc ed i i e i f a k. P e i f e i e , i e ,
ie b ec , hich i ide ified a aa a d he a a he a ia f fi
be hibi ed eg a ed d g; i e ded f i g, c i g,
ad i i e i g, i ec i g, i ge i g,
2. ch e i i a h i ed
i d ci g a da ge d g i he
b a ;a d
b d , d i g a ie , cia ga he i g
ee i g , i he i aec a fa
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ATENEO CENTRAL
ea (2) e ha ffe a i R le chai fc d

e a (Sec. 14)
a. A he ace he e he ea ch a a i
l. U e f Da ge D g , af e bei g f d e ed, ea e ice a i , ea e
i i e ia a c fi a e . (Sec. 15) ffice f he a ehe di g ffice / ea ,
he e be he i e a d h ga h
A di c ed de Sec. 11, hi i i i d e i he e e ce f he acc ed,
a icab e if he e e ed i a hi /he e e e a i e c e i h:
f d ha e i hi /he e i ch
a i f a da ge d g ided 1. A e ec ed b ic fficia ; a d
de Sec. 11.
2. Re e e a i e f he Na i a
m. C i ai c e f a c a ified a P ec i Se ice he edia.
da ge d g ae ce he e f
(Sec. 16) b. Wi hi 24 h f ei e, i e be
b i ed he PDEA F e ic ab a
n. Fai e ai ai ee igi a ec d f e a i ai .
f a ac i Da ge D g a d/
c ed ec a d e e ia c. I edia e ecei f he b ec
che ica (Sec. 17) i e / , a ce ifica i de a h f he
f e ic ab a e a i e ha be ade.
o. U ece a e ci i f da ge
d g I i he ac f e c ibi g a d. Wi hi 72 h f fi i g f c i i a ca e,
da ge d g a e h e a c a i ec i ha be ade.
h ica h i gica c di i d e
e. Wi hi 24 h f fi i g f c a , he
e i e he e i he d age e c ibed
d g ei ed be de ed b he
he ei (Sec. 18)
PDEA i he e e ce f he acc ed he
p. U a f e ci i fd g A e , e / f h ch i e ee
h , e a h i ed b a , ha a e c fi ca ed a d/ ei ed, hi /he
i e a e ci i a he ii g e e e ai e c e, a e e e ai e
i g be a e ci i f a f he edia a d he DOJ, ci i cie
da ge d g (Sec. 19) g a d a e ec ed b ic fficia .
III. Chain of custody f. A e e e ai e a e i i . a i

ha be e ai ed. Th e ha be g a f
I efe he d ec ded a h i ed c e ce ha be d a ed ec c ed f
e e a d c d f ei ed d g egi i a e e .
c ed che ica a ce f
da ge d g ab a e i e f each g. S ce ifica i f de ci ha be
age, f he i e f ei e/c fi ca i i ed b he B a d a d b i ed he
ecei i he f e ic ab a afe ee i g c i h i dic i f he ca e, a g i h
e e ai i c f de c i . S ch he a e.
ec d f e e a dc d f ei ed i e
ha i c de he ide i a d ig a e f he h. Acc ed e e e ai e ae a ed
e h he d e a c d f he ei ed b e e ceedi g . If acc ed ha
i e , he da e a d i e he ch a fe f c e i hi 72h f i e ice i
c d e e ade i he c e f afe ee i g de ci ,c ha a i ac e
a d e i c a e ide ce, a d he fi a f PAO.
di i i . (Sec i 1(b) f Da ge D g
B a d Reg a i N . 1, Se ie f 2002)
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ATENEO CENTRAL
i. Wi hi 24 h f ecei f dg e i. The e a a di c e a c i he eigh f he

ia ec ha i f he B a d a d ei ed i e (People . Ramo , G.R. No.
e e f ea e e he a e 233744, 2018)
PDEA f de ci .
j. The e a a di c e a c i he be f
N -c ia ce i h he e e i e e de he ache h i he h g a h a d
ifiab e g d , a g a he i eg i a d he be f ache f hich he acc ed
he e ide ia a e f he ei ed i e ae i bei g cha ged f i ega e i g
e e e ed b he a ehe di g (People . L ma a, G.R. No. 231983, 2018)
ffice / ea , ha e de id a d i a id
ch ei e a d c d e aid i e . (Sec. k. N h ica i e a c d c ed f he
21) ie a e (People . Me cade , G.R. No.
233480, 2018)
C ide ed i la i f chai fc d le
l. N h ga h f he ei ed i e ee
a. Acc ed a e e d i g he a e (People . Me cade , G.R. No.
h g a h f he ei ed i e (People . 233480, 2018)
Co do a, 231130, 2018)
Li k ha he ec i e dea
b. A e e e a i e f ei he he Na i a e abli h i h e ec he chai fc d
P ec i Se ice he edia a i a b -b eai
ab e d i g he h ga h a d
i e f he ei ed i e (People . The f i g i be e ab i hed:
Co do a, G.R. No. 231130, 2018)
a. Sei e a d a i g f he i ega d g
c. Th ee da had a ed i ce he i e ee ec e ed f he acc ed b he  
ei ed f he acc ed (People . Co do a, a ehe di g ffice ;
G.R. No. 231130, 2018)
b. T e f he i ega d g ei ed b he
d. T e aae i e ie e e c d c ed a ehe di g ffice he i e iga i g
hich e e a e ded b diffe e i e e   ffice ;
(People . Cab ello , G.R. No. 229826,
2018) c. T e b he i e iga i g ffice f he
i ega d g he f e ic che i f
e. The d g ee ed e he c i e ab a e a i a i ; a d,
ab a 10 da af e ei e (People .
Ching, G.R. No. 223556, 2017) d. T e a d b i i f he a ed
i ega d g ei ed b he f e ic
f. The d g ee ed e i edia e che i he c . (People .
he c i e ab a , ih i bei g fi Wa amama, G.R. No. 18871, 2014)
de i e ed a i e iga i g ffice (People
. Calibod, G.R. No. 230230, 2017) IV. Plea bargaining
Whi e Sec i 23 f he Da ge D g Ac
g. The d g ee di ec ed e
ide ha a e cha ged de a
he f e ic che i . I ead, i a ef
i i f hi Ac ega d e f he i ab e
i hi he e i e f he c i e ab a
e a ha be a ed a ai f he
(People . Calibod, G.R. No. 230230, 2017)
i i ea-ba gai i g, hi i i ha
h. The e e e di c e a cie i he abe f he bee ic e d a c i i al i
ei ed i e (People . Al a o, G.R. No. E ipona . Hon. Lob igo (G.R. 226679, 2017) f
225596, 2018) bei g c a he e- a i g a h i f he
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S e eC de Sec i 5 (5), A ic e VIII f TOPIC OUTLINE UNDER THE SYLLABUS:

he C i i .
V. Other relevant rules
Whi e e i ab a e fec chai i L. CODE OF CONDUCT AND ETHICAL
a a he a da d beca e i i a a a STANDARDS FOR PUBLIC OFFICIALS AND
i ib e b ai , a b ke chai f EMPLOYEES (RA 6713)
c d bec e i di e able a d
e e ial he he i e f eal e ide ce i 1. Defi i i f e (Sec. 3)
di i c i e a d i eadil ide ifiable,
he i c di i a he i e f e i g ial 2. N fc d c f b ic fficia a d
i c i ical, he a i e ha failed e ee (Sec. 4)
b e e i i e e . The a e a da d
i e i e b ai i ca e he e ide ce i 3. D ie f b ic fficia a de ee
ce ib e a eai , a e i g, (Sec. 5)
c a i ai a d e e b i i a d
e cha ge. I he d , he e hibi e e f 4. P hibi ed ac (Sec. 7)
ce ibi i f gibi i , a e a i a ei g
ih ega d he he he a e i ad e e 5. Sae e a d di c e (Sec. 8)
he i e dic a e he e e f ic e
i he a ica i f he chai f c d e. 6. Di e e (Sec. 9)
(People . Climaco, G.R. No. 199403, 2012)
7. O he e e a e
N -c ia ce ih he ced a
e ie e de RA 9165 a d i IRR e a i e
he c d , h g a hi g, a d d g- e i g f
he a ehe ded e , i a ei fa
ha ca e de id he ei e a dc d f
d g i a b -b eai (People .
Ca dena , G.R. No. 190342, 2012)
A b -b e a i i a id de i e he ab e ce
f a i ei a ce. P i ei a ce i
e i ed, e ecia he he ea i
acc a ied he ce e b he i f a
(People of he Philippine . Camilo D. Nica and
Man el T. Capanpan, G.R. No. 182059, 2012)
-e d f ic -
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L. CODE OF CONDUCT AND ETHICAL Fa il f blic fficial e l ee

STANDARDS FOR PUBLIC OFFICIALS I ea hei e a d a ied chi d e
AND EMPLOYEES (RA 6713) de eigh ee (18) ea f age.
Pe
G e e I i c de a a a d idica e , e
I i c de he Na i a G e e , he ca he c e i dica e he i e.
g e e , a d a he i e a i ie ,
age cie , b a che f he Re b ic f he C flic f i e e
Phi i i e , i c di g g e e - ed I ai e he a b ic fficia e ee i a
c ed c ai , a d hei b idia ie . e be f a b a d, a ffice , a b a ia
c h de f a i a e c ai e
P blic Official ha a b a ia i e e i a b i e , a d he
I i c de e ec i e a d a i i e fficia a d i ee f ch c ai b i e , hi
e ee , e a e e a , he he i igh d ie he ei , a be ed
he ca ee -ca ee e ice, i c di g affec ed b he fai hf ef a ce f fficia
iia a d ice e e , he he he d .
ecei e c e a i , ega d e fa .
Di e e
Gif I i he a fe f i e di a fi ee i
I efe a hi g a igh di e f e b ai , c e e a d ac a
ga i , a ac ibe a i , i fa f de i i g di e i g e e f f hi igh
a he h acce i , a d ha i c de a i e i i fa fa e e he ha
i a ed ae a e ib e hi e a d e a i e a defi ed i hi Ac .
di ii he e f. I ha i c de a
ici ed gif f i a i ig ifica a e Rela i e
gi e i a ici a i f, i e cha ge f , a I efe a a da e e a ed a b ic
fa f a b ic fficia e ee. fficia e ee i hi he f h ci i deg ee
f c a g i i affi i , i c di g bi a , i
Recei i g a gif a d ba ae. (Sec. 3)
I i c de he ac f acce i g di ec
i di ec , a gif f a e he ha a II. Norms of conduct of public officials and
e be f hi fa i e a i e a defi ed i hi employees
Ac , e e he cca i f a fa i ce eb a i E e b ic fficia a d e ee ha b e e
a i a fe i i i e Ch i a , if he a e f he f i ga a da d f e a c d c i
he gif i ei he i a i ig ifica , he he di cha ge a d e ec i f fficia d ie :
gif i gi e i a ici a i f, i e cha ge f , a. C i e b ic i e e ;
a fa . b. P fe i a i ;
c. J e a d i ce i ;
L a d. P i ica e a i ;
I c e b h i e a a dc da a e. Re i e e he b ic;
e a g a a ee , fi a ci g a a ge e f. Na i a i a d a i i ;
acc da i i e ded e ei a a. g. C i e de c ac ; a d,
h. Si e i i g. (Sec. 4)
S b a ial ckh lde
I ea a e h , di ec III. Duties of public officials and employees
i di ec , ha e f c fficie e ec a
I he e f a ce f hei d ie , a b ic
di ec f a c a i . Thi e ha a
fficia a d e ee a e de b iga i :
a he a ie a i g .
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a. Ac e e a d e e . -A i di ec , ha e a fi a cia a e ia
b ic fficia a d e ee ha , i hi i ee i a a ac i e i i g he
fif ee (15) i g da f ecei a a f hei ffice.
he e f, e d e e , e eg a b. O ide e e a d he ac i i ie
he ea fc ica i e b he e a ed he e P b ic fficia a d
b ic. The e c ai he ac i e ee d i g hei i c be c ha
a e he e e . :
b. S b i a a ef a ce e . - A 1. O , c , a age acce
head he e ib e ffice f ffice e e a ffice , e ee,
a d age cie f he g e e a d f c a , c e , b e , age ,
g e e - ed c ed ee i ee i a i ae
c ai ha , i hi f -fi e (45) e e i e eg a ed, e i ed
i g da f he e d f he ea , ice ed b hei ffice e e e
e de a e f a ce e f he age c a ed b a ;
ffice c ai c ce ed. S ch 2. E gage i he i a e ac ice f hei
e ha be e a d a ai ab e he fe i e a h i ed b he
b ic i hi eg a ffice h . C i i a , ided, ha ch
c. P ce d c e a d a e ac ice i c f ic e d
e edi i . - A fficia a e a d c f ic i h hei fficia f c i ;
d c e be ce ed a d 3. Rec e da e a ii
c e ed i hi a ea ab e i e f he i a i a e e e i e hich ha a
e aai he e f a d c ai , a fa eg a e di g fficia a ac i
a ac icab e, e ha h ee (3) i h hei ffice.
ig a ie he ei . I he ab e ce f d
a h i ed ig a ie , he fficia e -i - The e hibi i ha c i e a
a ffice i cha ge ha ig f a d i f a ei d f e (1) ea af e
hei beha f. e ig a i , e i e e , e aai
d. Ac i edia e he b ic' e a f b ic ffice, e ce i he ca e f
a ac i . - A b ic fficia a d b a ag a h (b) (2) ab e, b he
e ee a e d a e h fe i a c ce ed ca ac ice
a a ai hi e f f he e ice f hei hi fe i i c ec i ih a
ffice a d , a a i e , ac a e bef e he ffice he ed be
a d e edi i . i h, i hich ca e he e- ea
e. Ma e d c e acce ib e he b ic. - hibi i ha i e i e a .
A b ic d c e be ade c. Di c e a d/ i e f c fide ia
acce ib e , a d eadi a ai ab e f i f ai P b ic fficia a d e ee
i ec i b , he b ic i hi ea ab e ha e di ge, c fide ia
i gh . (Sec. 4) c a ified i f ai fficia
he b ea f hei ffice a d ade
a ai ab e he b ic, ei he :
IV. Prohibited acts
1. T f he hei i a e i e e , gi e
I addi i ac a d i i f b ic fficia d e ad a age a e;
a d e ee e c ibed i he 2. T e dice he b ic i e e .
C i i a d e i i g a , he f i g ha d. S ici a i acce a ce f gif P b ic
c i e hibi ed ac a d a ac i fa fficia a d e ee ha ici
b ic fficia a d e ee a d a e he eb acce , di ec i di ec , a gif , g a i ,
dec a ed be a f : fa , e e ai e , a a hi g f
a. Fi a cia a d a e ia i e e P b ic ea a e f a e i he
fficia a d e ee ha , di ec c e f hei fficia d ie i c ec i
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iha e a i bei g eg a ed b , a C e
a ac i hich a be affec ed b he a. ea e , i i e e , ac i i i
f ci f hei ffice. c , a e ed a e a d c e fai
a e a e;
A gif ga f f eig b. e a e a d ac i i i c ;
g e e , he C g e c e : c. a he a e ch a i e e , ca h
1. The acce a ce a d e e i b a ha d i ba , c , b d , a d he
b ic fficia e ee f a gif f i e;
i a a e e de ed a d ecei ed d. iabi i ie , a d;
a a e i a fc e ; e. a b i e i ee a d fi a cia
2. The acce a ce b a b ic fficia c ec i .
e ee f a gif i he a e f a
ch a hi fe hi ga Whe file
edica ea e ; a. i hi hi (30) da af e a i f
3. The acce a ce b a b ic fficia ffice;
e ee f a e g a e e e b. bef e A i 30, f e e ea
f a e a i g ace e i e ide he eaf e ; a d
he Phi i i e ( ch a a a ce , c. i hi hi (30) da af e e a a i f
a a i , f d, a d dgi g) f he e ice.
e ha i a a e if ch
acce a ce i a ia e c i e Addi i al e i e e
i h he i e e f he Phi i i e , a d A b ic fficia a d e ee e i ed de
e i ed b he head f ffice, b a ch hi ec i fi e he af e a ed d c e
age c hich he be g . ha a e ec e, i hi hi (30) da f he
da e f hei a i f ffice, he ece a
V. Statements and disclosure a h i i fa f he O b d a b ai
P b ic fficia a d e ee ha e a b iga i f a a ia e g e e age cie ,
acc i h a d b i dec a a i de a h i c di g he B ea f I e a Re e e, ch
f, a d he b ic ha he igh , hei d c e a a h hei a e , iabi i ie ,
a e , iabi i ie , e h a d fi a cia a d e h, a d a hei b i e i e e a d
b i e i ee i c di g h e f hei fi a cia c ec i i e i ea , i c di g,
e a d f a ied chi d e de if ib e, he ea he he fi a ed a
eigh ee (18) ea f age i i g i hei ffice i he G e e .
h eh d .
H ba d a d ife h a e b h b ic fficia
a. S a e e f A e a d Liabili ie a d e ee a fi e he e i ed a e e
Fi a cial Di cl e j i l e a a el .
A b ic fficia a d e ee , e ce h e Wh hall file

h e ei a h a ca aci , ab e a d a. C i i a a d a i a e ec i e fficia ,
ca a e a e , ha fi e de a h i h he a i a ffice f he O b d a ;
hei S a e e f A e , Liabi i ie a d Ne b. Se a a d C ge e , i h he
W h a d a Di c e fB i e I e e a d Sec e a ie f he Se a e a d he H e f
Fi a cia C ec i a d h e f hei e Re e e a i e , e ec i e ; J ice , i h
a d a ied chi d e de eigh ee (18) ea he C e f C f he S e e C ;
f age i i g i hei h eh d . J dge , i h he C Ad i i a ; a d a
a i a e ec i e fficia i h he Office f
he P e ide .
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ATENEO CENTRAL
c. Regi a a d ca fficia a d e ee , b. a c e cia e he ha b e

i h he De O b d a i hei a d c ica i edia f
e ec i e egi ; di e i a i he ge e a b ic. (Sec. 8)
d. Office f he a ed f ce f he a f
c e a a ca ai , i h he Office f VI. Divestment
he P e ide , a d h e be aid a , A b ic fficia e ee ha a id c f ic
i h he De O b d a i hei fi ee a a i e . Whe a c f ic f i e e
e ec i e egi ;a d a i e , he ha e ig f hi ii i a
e. A he b ic fficia a d e ee , i aeb i e e e i e i hi hi (30) da
defi ed i Re b ic Ac N . 3019, a f hi a i f ffice a d/ di e
a e ded, ih he Ci i Se ice hi e f f hi ha eh di g i ee i hi
C i i . i (60) da f ch a i .
b. Ide ifica i a d di cl e f ela i e The a e e hall a l he e he blic

fficial e ee i a a e i a
I ha be he d f e e b ic fficia
a e hi .
e ee ide if a d di c e, he be f
hi edge a d i f a i , hi e a i e i he
The e i e e f di e e hall a
G e e i he f , a e a dfe e c
h e h e e he G e e i a
e c ibed b he Ci i Se ice C i i .
h a ca aci lab e a d ca al
c. Acce ibili fd c e e a ke . (Sec. 9)
a. A a da ae e fi ed de hi Ac , VII. Other relevant rules

ha be ade a ai ab e f i ec i a T a a di i a f he e ice, he
ea ab e h . i c d c be g a e, e i , i a ,
b. S ch a e e ha be ade a ai ab e f eigh , e , a d if i g. The
c i g e d ci af e e (10) i c d c i gf i e i a d
i g da f he i e he a e fi ed a a ee e f dg e . C i a a
e i ed b a . ee e fga e i c d c c i i he ac
c. A e e e i gac fa ae e f a fficia e ee h a f
ha be e i ed a a ea ab e fee gf e he ai cha ac e
c e he c f e d c i a d ai i g f c e e be efi f he e f f a he , a
ch a e e , a e a he c f he e e e f he igh f he . N e he e ,
ce ifica i . "a e cha ged i h g a e i c d c a be
d. A a e e fi ed de hi Ac ha be he d iab e f i e i c d c if he
a ai ab e he b ic f a e i d f e (10) i c d c d e i ea f he addi i a
ea af e ecei f he a e e . Af e ee e a if he i c d c a g a e.
ch e i d, he ae e a be G a e i c d c ece a i i c de he e e
de ed e eeded i a g i g ffe e f i e i c d c ." (GSIS .
i e iga i . Ma o domo, G.R. No. 191218, 2011)
d. P hibi ed ac
A gif i c e ed b he hibi i , ga i
I ha be a f f a e b ai e ha e ha i a ea a e. I i
a a e e fi ed de hi Ac f : ece a f he ici a i be f a f d-
a. a e c a a b ic ai i g ec . The e e fac ha he gif
ic ; ecei ed a ici ed ca , b i e f, ffice
e e a e he eci ie . I d ffice
e e a e he eci ie if he ici ed gif i
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a i a i a ea d gi e i a ici a i ci i a c ai agai b ic fficia a d

f, i e cha ge f , a fa . I ch a i a i , g e e e ee . The e -
he gif d fa ide he ie f RA 6713, i e fe e ce i ba ed he " e ec f he
hich e e ide ha he e "gif " d e i e iga a d ec e g a ed b
" i c de a ici ed gif f i a he C i i he Office f he O b d a .
i ig ifica a e[;] gi e i a ici a i f, A a i de e de c i i a b d , i ha he
i e cha ge f , a fa f a b ic fficia e e de e i e he he he e i
e ee. (Mabini . Raga, A.M. No. P-06-2150, bab ca e a a he fi i g f a c i i a
2006) ca e agai a acc ed; hi f c i i
e ec i e i a e. F he , he b ic ec
Ca e i b d b he ech ica e e ide ce.
Dicha e . Office of he Omb d man, G.R. No. The e ec i e fi di g f bab e ca e e i e
206310-11, 2016 b a ia e ide ce, ab e ce ai
O A g 26, 1999, a e e ed a Sa i g f g i . A he Office f he O b d a '
Acc i h he E i ab e Ba i g C ai c c i i ba ed a be ief a i i , he
a d E i ab e-PCI Ba , de a fic i i a e ech ica e e ide ce ca be ade
J e Ve a de . A ide f he e, a C e a i . Thi C fi d ea i ae
Acc a d I e e Ma age e T he ic f -i e fe e ce i he e e ci e f
Acc ee e ed a e . O Feb a 4, he O b d a ' c i i a a da ed
2000, a P500 i i a i hd a f he e . The O b d a ' i g be
Sa i g Acc b f e P e ide X. Y c ai e ec ed.
e hi f he aid acc , a e i g ha he
ed he a ia J e Ve a de f ec i Office of he Omb d man . Regalado, G.R.
e . I he fi c ai , Y a acc ed f 208481-82, 2018
di ec b ibe , i di ec b ibe , c i f b ic Re de X i a i ig a i ffice i he
fficia , a d i a i f PD 46. I a he Da a Office f he B ea f I ig a i
c ai , Y i acc ed f i a i g RA 6713, RA he ei c ai a Y a e e i g f a
3019 he A i-G af a d C P ac ice Ac , acc edi a i f ad i i f f eig de i
a d de de RA 8080. O Se e be 12, he e aa ch . X c ai ha a
2007, X a f d g i be d ea ab e ce i g fee f Ph 50,000 a ece a
d b f he c i e f de . The h ai f he acc edi i ce he i
Sa diga ba a ed ha X a he ea a d c ef ide Mi da a . X a he f d
be eficia e f he "J e Ve a de" acc . g i b he e c f i a i g Sec i 7(d)
The O b d a c e ced he ei i a f R.A. 6713 (CODE OF CONDUCT AND
i e iga i i 2011, a d f d bab e ca e ETHICAL STANDARDS FOR PUBLIC
cha ge hi ih de i 2012. Y a OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES) f ici a i
i dic ed f c i i g i h he f e P e ide f a gif , g a i , a a hi g f ea
i a a i g i -g e ea h. Did he Office f he a e i ce i a di c e ed ha he ac a
O b d a ga e ab e i di c e i i ce i g fee a Ph 10,000 e
fi di g bab ca e agai X cha ge hi f e e . The e ce a bei g a ed f
de , b i c ec c ide i g iece f a ad i ed f ed a e b ibe e .
e ide ce a eged e e ed d i g he The c f a ea h e e , i ead f
e i i a i e iga i ? di i i g he f e ice, a ied a i iga i g
ci c a ce f he g d ef a ce
N . A a ge e a e, hi C d e i e fe e a d bei g a fi i e ffe de hich he
i h he Office f he O b d a ' e e ci e f e de ed a dg e f 1 ea e i
i c i i a a da e. B h he C i i ih a .I Xg i f i a i g A ic e 7(d) f
a d Re b ic Ac N . 6770 (The O b d a Ac R.A. 6713 a d i i ib e e he e a
f 1989) gi e he O b d a ide a i de ac h gh a i iga i g ci c a ce?
Page 282 of 354

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Ye he i g i f i ai g ch a M. ANTI-GRAFT AND CORRUPT PRACTICES

i ce he ad i ed ha ch ac f ACT (RA 3019, AS AMENDED BY RA 3047,
b ibe a d ici a i f e ee PD 677, PD 1288, BP 195 AND RA 10910)
c a d acce ed ac ice i he
i ig a i de a e . I a a c ea
a d e i ai f he a ided. I G e e
a ib e e he e a b
a i iga i g ci c a ce f g d I i c de he a i al g e e , he l cal
ef a ce a d a a fi i e ffe de g e e , he g e e - ed a d
beca e f he ab e ce ha ch g e e -c lled c ai , a d all
e a a b ec a i iga i g he i e ali ie age cie f he
ci c a ce a d he a i c ea i Re b ic f he Phi i i e a d hei b a che .
idi g he e a f di i a e e
P blic ffice
he fi ffe e.
I i c de elec i e a d a i i e fficia a d
-e d f ic - e l ee , e a e e a , he he
i he c a ified c a ified e e e ice
TOPIC OUTLINE UNDER THE SYLLABUS: ecei i g c e ai ,e e i a, f he
g e e a defi ed i he ecedi g
III. SPECIAL PENAL LAWS b a ag a h.
M. ANTI-GRAFT AND CORRUPT PRACTICES Recei i g a gif

ACT (RA 3019, AS AMENDED BY RA 3047, PD
677, PD 1288, BP 195 AND RA 10910) I i c de he ac f acce i g di ec
i di ec a gif f a e he ha a
1. Defi i i f e (Sec. 2) e be f he b ic ffice ' i edia e fa i ,
i beha f f hi e f fa e be f hi fa i
2. P i hab e ac (Sec. 3)
e a i e i hi he f h ci i deg ee, ei he b
3. P hibi i i di id a (Sec . 4 6) c a g i i affi i , e e he cca i f
a fa i ce eb a i a i a fe i i i e
4. Sae e fa e a d iabi i ie (Sec. Ch i a , if he a e f he gif i de he
7) ci c a ce a ife e ce i e. (Sec. 2)
5. Di i a d e e ai ed ea h II. Punishable acts

(Sec. 8) I addi i ac i i f b ic ffice
a ead e a i ed b e i i g a , he f i g
6. O he e e a e
ha c i e c ac ice f a b ic
ffice a d a e he eb dec a ed be a f :
a. Pe adi g, i d ci g i f e ci g a he
b ic ffice ef a ac c i i ga
i ai f e a d eg a i d
ga ed b c ee a h i a
ffe e i c ec i i h he fficia d ie f
he a e , a i g hi e f be e aded,
i d ced, i f e ced c i ch
i ai ffe e.
N e: The e a i eed be cce f .
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ATENEO CENTRAL
b. Di ec i di ec e e i g ecei i g e. Ca i g a d e i a a ,
a gif , e e , ha e, e ce age, i c di g he G e e , gi i g a
be efi , f hi e f f a he e ,i i ae a a a a ed be efi ,
c ec i ih a c ac a ac i ad a age efe e ce i he di cha ge f
be ee he G e e a da he a , hi fficia ad i i a i e dicia f c i
he ei he b ic ffice i hi fficia h gh a ife a ia i , e ide bad fai h
ca aci ha i e e e de he a . g i e c ab e eg ige ce. Thi i i
ha a ffice a d e ee f ffice
N e : g e e c ai cha ged i h he
Sec. 3(b) of R.A. No. 3019, refers to a ga f ice e e i he
public officer whose official intervention is c ce i .
required by law in a contract or
transaction (Jaravata v. Sandiganbayan N e :
G.R. L-56170, 1984) A i ai f hi i i a be c i ed
Lac f de a d i i a e ia i ce he ei he b d , a he he acc ed ac ed
i i e he d be ee i h e ide bad fai h a ife a ia i ,
requesting and receiving. b c a a he he acc ed ac ed i h
There must be a clear intention on the g i e c ab e eg ige ce (Jaca .
part of the public officer to take the gift so People, G.R. No. 166967, 2013)
offered and consider it as his or her own Ma ife Pa ia i i h "bia "
property from then on. Mere physical (Fonacie . Sandiganba an, G.R. No. L-
receipt is not sufficient that the crime has 50691, 1994)
been committed. (Peligrino v. People Bad fai h i e a di h e e
G.R. 136266, 2001) e a bi i a d c ci d i g f
Conspiracy by silence and inaction a g; i a a e f he a e f f a d
occurs when the accused are all heads of (Fonacie . Sandiganba an, G.R. No. L-
their respective offices that perform 50691, 1994)
interdependent functions in the G eg ige ce a eg ige ce
processing of cash advances and, exhibit cha ac e i ed b he a fe e igh ca e,
a a i de f b c - a i g [ he ac i g i i g ac i a i a i he e
practice of shifting the responsibility for he e i a d ac , i ad e e b
something to someone else] in the face i f a d i e i a ih a c ci
of the irregularities (Jaca v. People, G.R. i diffe e ce c e e ce i fa a
No. 166967, 2013) he e a be affec ed (Fonacie .
c. Di ec i di ec e e i g ecei i g Sandiganba an, G.R. No. L-50691, 1994)
a gif , e e he ec ia a e ia The i c i f a he de f i ai g
be efi , f hi e f f a he , f a Sec i 3(e) f R.A. 3019 i he cha ge hee
e f h he b ic ffice , i a i e i ae cha gi g he acc ed i h
a e ca aci , ha ec ed b ai ed, 3 ac . The e f he h ee h a e
i ec e b ai , a G e e " a ife a ia i ," "e ide bad fai h" a d
e i ice e, i c ide a i f he he "g i e c ab e eg ige ce" i he a e
gi e be gi e , i h e dice i f ai d e ea ha he
Sec i hi ee f hi Ac . i dic e cha ge h ee di i c ffe e b
i ie ha he ffe e cha ged a
d. Acce i g ha i g a e be f hi fa i ha e bee c i ed h gh a f he
acce e e i a i ae e e i e de ided b he a (Fonacie .
hich ha e di g fficia b i e i h hi Sandiganba an, G.R. No. L-50691, 1994)
d i g he e de c he e f i hi e ea
af e i e i a i .
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The e i a e ed f a ed age f g a d a ife di ad a age

he c i e defi ed i Sec. 3(e) f R.A. N . he g e e , i a he d ha e f
3019. he e e e f he c i e, i.e., ha he
c ac a ac i i g a d
f. Neg ec i g ef i g, af e d e de a d a ife di ad a age he
e e , ih fficie ifica i , ac g e e , i c ic i i g
i hi a ea ab e i e a a e (F oilan . Sandiganba an, G.R. No.
e di g bef e hi f he e f 115221, 2000)
b ai i g, di ec i di ec , f a The e i eed e he a idi f
e i e e ed i he a e e he c ac a ac i . (L ciano .
ec ia a e ia be efi ad a age, E ella, G.R. No. L- 31622, 1970)
f he e f fa i g hi
i ee gi i g d e ad a age i fa h. Di ec i di ec ha i g fi a ci g
f di c i i a i g agai a he ec ia i e e i a b i e , c ac
i e e ed a . a ac i i c ec i ih hich he
i e e e a e a i hi fficia ca aci ,
g. E e i g, beha f f he G e e ,i i hich he i hibi ed b he C i i
a c ac a ac i a ife a d b a a f ha i g a i e e .
g di ad a age he a e,
he he he b ic ffice fi ed N e: Ac a i e e i i e i ed.
i fi he eb .
i. Di ec i di ec bec i g i e e ed, f
N e : e a gai , ha i g a a e ia i e e i
De e i i g he he he c ac a a a ac i ac e i i g he a a
a ife a dg di ad a age f a b a d, a e g f hich he i a
i e e ba ed c ide a i f e be , a d hich e e ci e di c e i i
he ec ia a i ed. (Ma co ch a a , e e if he e agai he
. Sandiganba an, G.R. No. 126995, a e d e a ici a e i he ac i f
1998) he b a d, c i ee, a e g .
Thi a a e f he a e f a
hibi (Go . Sandiganba an, G.R. I ee f e a gai ha be e ed
No. 172602, 2007) agai h e b ic ffice e ib e f he
a a f a ife a f , i e i ab e,
Sec i 3(g) f RA 3019 i f PUBLIC
i eg a a ac i ac b he b a d, a e
OFFICERS ONLY. The iabi i f i ae
g hich he be g.
i di id a h a ici a ed i he
a ac i be e ab i hed de j. K i g a i g ga i ga ice e,
a he MORE a ia e i i , e i , i i ege be efi i fa f a
hich i Sec i 4(b) f RA 3019, f e a ified f ega e i ed
i g i d ci g ca i g he b ic ch ice e, e i , i i ege ad a age,
ffice c i ci e i hed de fa ee e e e ai e d f e
Sec i 3(g) he e c i i a i e h i a ified e i ed.
ece a i be ed. Thi i i c ea
ec g i i ha Sec i 3(g), a a k. Di gi g a ab e i f ai f a
hibi , ecifica a ie b ic c fide ia cha ac e , ac i ed b hi ffice
ffice (Go . Sandiganba an, G.R. b hi acc f hi fficia ii
No. 172602, 2007) a h i ed e , e ea i g ch
Whe e he g e e a a i f ai i ad a ce f i a h i ed
ec ed i he b ec a ac i , a d e ea e da e.
c e e he c ac a
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III. Prohibitions on individuals c ia ce i h e i i e ided b a ,

e eg a i i ed a
P hibi i i a e i di id al .
a , a ac a f ef ed i a
I ha be a f f a e ha i g fa il fficia ca aci i he e e ci e f a
cl e e al ela i ih a blic fe i (Sec. 5)
fficial ca i ali e e l i ake
P hibi i Me be fC ge
ad a age f ch fa il cl e e al
ela i b di ec i di ec e e i g I ha be a f he eaf e f a Me be f
ecei i g a e e , gif a e ia he C g e d i g he e f hich he ha
ec ia ad a age f a he e bee elec ed, ac i e ecei e a e a
ha i g e b i e , a ac i , a ica i , ec ia i ee i a ecific b i e
e e c ac i h he g e e ,i hich e e i e hich i be di ec a d a ic a
ch b ic fficia ha i e e e. fa ed be efi ed b a a e i
a h ed b hi e i a ed ad ed
Fa i ea i ha i c de he e
b he C g e d i g he a e e .
ea i e b c a g i i affi i i he hi d
ci i deg ee. Thi a a ie a he b ic ffice h
ec e ded he i i ia i i C ge f he
C e e a eai ha i c de c e
e ac e ad i f a a e i ,
e a f ie d hi , cia a d fae a
a d ac i e ecei e a ch i e e d i g
c ec i , a d fe i a e e a
hi i c be c .
gi i g i e i i ac hich a e f ee acce
ch b ic ffice . (Sec. 4) I ha i e i e be a f f ch e be f
C ge he b ic ffice , h , ha i g ch
P hibi i ce ai ela i e .
i ee i he a a f ch a
I ha be a f f he e f a e i a h ed ec e ded b hi ,
e a i e, b c a g i i affi i , i hi he c i e f hi da af e ch a al
hi d ci i deg ee, f he P e ide f he e ai ch i e e . (Sec. 6)
Phili i e , he Vice-P e ide f he
IV. Statement of assets and liabilities
Phili i e , he P e ide f he Se a e, he
S eake f he H e f Re e e a i e , Wha file
i e e e, di ec i di ec , i a b i e ,
a ac i , c ac a ica i i h he A e de ai ed a d ae e fa e a d
G e e . iabi i ie , i c di g a a e e f he a
a d ce f hi i c e, he a f hi
Thi hibi i ha a he f i g: e a a d fa i e e e a d he a f
i c e a e aid f he e ecedi g
a. a e h i he a i f ca e da ea
ffice f a f he ab e fficia h
he i e a ed, ha bee a ead dea i g i h Wh hall file
he G e e a g he a e i e f
b i e ; , E e b ic ffice
b. a a ac i , c ac a ica i Whe file

a ead e i i g e di g a he i e f
a. af e a i g ffice, a d i hi he h
ch a i f b ic ffice, a
f Ja a fe e he ea he eaf e ;
a ica i fi ed b hi he a a f hich
i di c e i a he a f he fficia
fficia c ce ed b de e d
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ATENEO CENTRAL
b. he e i a i f hi e f ffice, P b ic ffice cha ged de hi Ac fi

hi e ig a i e aai f de g a e- e i hea i g bef e bei g
ffice; e ded. A e- e i hea i g i e i ed
de e i e he a idi f he i f ai .
c. b ic ffice a i g ffice e ha H e e , a ac a hea i g i ece a . A
h bef e he e d f he ca e da ea , ha i e i ed i ha he acc ed be gi e a
a fi e hei ae e i he f i g i be hea d. (Mig el .
h f Ja a . Sandiganba an, G.R. 172035, 2012)
T h hall i be b i ed P ec i de AMLA
a. I he ffice f he c e di g The ec i fa ffe e i ai de

De a e Head, he AMLA ha ceed i de e de f a
ceedi g eai g he a f ac i i .
b. i he ca e f a Head f De a e chief
(Sec i 6 (b), R.A. N . 10365 a e di g RA
f a i de e de ffice, i h he Office f
9160, a a e ded).
he P e ide ,
-e d f ic -
c. I he ca e f e be f he C g e a d
he fficia a d e ee he e f, i h he
Office f he Sec e a f he c e di g
H e (Sec. 7)
V. Dismissal due to unexplained wealth
N. ANTI-PLUNDER ACT (RA 7080, AS
The f i g a e i a facie e ide ce f a d AMENDED BY RA 7659)
g d f di i a d e e ai ed ea h
if a b ic fficia i f d: 1. Defi i i f e
a. T ha e ac i ed d i g hi i c be c , a 2. E e e (Sec. 12)
a f e a d/ e a ife
3. P e c i i (Sec. 6)
f i hi i c e;
4. O he e e a e
b. P e ie i he a e f he e a d
de e de f ch b ic fficia a be
a e i c ide a i ;
c. Ba de i i he a e f a ife
e ce i e e e di e i c ed b he
b ic fficia a f hei de e de .
(Sec. 8)
VI. Other relevant rules

Pe ci i
20 ea (Sec. 1, RA 10910)
C ee c
Sa diga ba a
P e- e i hea i g
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N. ANTI-PLUNDER ACT (RA 7080, AS da age a d e dice f he Fi i i e e

AMENDED BY RA 7659) a d he Re b ic f he Phi i i e .
I. Definition of terms b. C bi a i
a. Ill-g e eal h
I efe a ea (2) ac fa i g de
I efe a a e, e , b i e diffe e ca eg ie f e eai ided i
e e i e a e ia e i fa e , he defi i i f i -g e ea h.
ac i ed b hi di ec i di ec h gh
E a e: aid he b ic ea a d
d ie , i ee , age , b di a e a d/
fa d e c e a ce f a e be gi g he
b i e a cia e b a c bi a i
Na i a G e e (E ada .
e ie f he f ll i g ea i ila
Sandiganba an, G.R. No. 148560, 2001)
che e :
c. Se ie
1. Th gh i a ia i , c e i ,
i e, a e ai f b ic f d I efe (2) e e c i i a ac
aid he b ic ea ; fa i g de he a e ca eg f e eai
f di he defi i i f i -g e ea h.
2. B ecei i g, di ec i di ec , a
c i i , gif , ha e, e ce age, E a e: Mi a ia i , a e ai a d
ic bac a he f f ec ia aid he b ic ea , a f hich fa i g
be efi f a e a d/ e i i de i e (1) i he e eai de he
c ec i iha g e e c ac defi i i f i -g e ea h. (E ada .
ec b ea f he ffice ii Sandiganba an, G.R. No. 148560, 2001)
f he b ic ffice c ce ed;
d. Pa e
3. B he i ega fa d e c e a ce
di ii f a e be gi g he I c i f a lea a c bi a i e ie f
Na i a G e e a f i e c i i a ac e e a ed de he
bdi i i , age cie i e a i ie defi i i f i -g e ea h, di ec ed ad
g e e - ed -c ed ac e g al hich i e ab e
c ai a d hei b idia ie ; he b ic ffice a a , acc ae ac i e
i -g e ea h. The e ei he be a e all
4. B b ai i g, ecei i g acce i g di ec la f l che e c i ac achie e
i di ec a ha e f c , e i aid c g a.
a he f f i ee a ici a i
i c di g i e f f e e e i O e all la f l che e
a b i e e e i e de a i g;
It indicates a 'general plan of action or method'
5. B e ab i hi g ag ic a, i d ia which the principal accused and public officer and
c e cia ie he others conniving with him follow to achieve the
c bi a i a d/ i e e ai f aforesaid common goal.
dec ee a d de i e ded be efi
a ic a e ecia i e e ; Ab e ce f ch e a che e he e he
che e eh d ed b i e acc ed
6. B a i g d e ad a age f fficia a , he e c i i a ac f a f
ii , a h i , eai hi , c ec i ac i ac a ai a c g a . (E ada .
i f e ce e ich hi ef Sandiganba an, G.R. No. 148560, 2001)
he e e a he e e e a d he
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II. Elements R le f e ide ce

Ele e f l de T e ab i h he c i e f de , i ha be
ece a e each a d e e c i i al
1. Tha he ffe de i a b ic ffice h ac
ac d e b he acc ed i f he a ce f he
b hi e f i c i a ce i h e be f
che e c i ac a a , acc ae
hi fa i , eai e b affi i
ac i e i -g e ea h, i bei g fficie
c a g i i , b i e a cia e ,
e abli h be d ea able d b a a e
b di a e , he e ;
f e c i i al ac i dica i e f he e a
2. Tha he a a ed, acc a ed ac i ed a f che e c i ac . (Sec. 4, RA 7080)
i -g e ea h h gh a c bi a i
J i dic i
e ie i g he ea i i a che e
e e a ed de he defi i i f i -g e U e he i e ided b a , a
ea h ab e; a d, ec i f he c i e f de ha be
i hi he igi a i dic i f he
3. Tha he agg ega e a a a e f
Sa diga ba a (Sec. 3, RA 7080)
he i -g e ea h a a ed, acc a ed
ac i ed i a ea P50,000,000.00. (Sec. Pl de i a c i e al i e
12, RA 7659)
The egi a i e dec a a i i R.A. N . 7659 ha
III. Prescription de i a hei ffe e i ie ha i i a
The c i e f de ha e c ibe i e (20) a i e. F he he ac i hed a e
ea . i he e i a i he e g, he a e
aa i e a d i d e a e ha ch ac
H e e, he igh f he S a e ec e ae i hed i a ecia a , e ecia i ce i
e ie a f ac i ed b b ic ffice he ca e f de he edica e c i e a e
f he f hei i ee a fe ee ai aa i e. (E ada . Sandiganba an,
ha be ba ed b e c i i , ache , G.R. No. 148530, 2001)
e e . (Sec. 6, RA 7080)
Wheel ci cle c i ac
IV. Other relevant rules
I he hee ci c e c i ac , a e a
A e h a ici a ed i h he aid b ic
g ( h b ) dea ih 2 e e
ffice i he c i i f a ffe e
g ( e ), achie e he c g a f
c ib i g he c i e f de ha i e i e
a a i g a d acc a i g i -g e ea h. A
be iab e f he c i e f de .
b ic ffice eed be he h b beca e ha
I he i ii f e a ie , he deg ee f Sec. 2 e e e i e i ha he b ic ffice
a ici a i a d he a e da ce f i iga i g a d be i c i a ce i h he . I he
e e ai g ci c a ce , a ided b he d , ch b ic ffice , b hi i di id a ac ,
Re i ed Pe a C de, ha be c ide ed b he ag eed a ici a e, di ec i di ec , i he
c . a a i g, acc ai a d ac i i i f i -
g e ea h i h he i a hee c i ac
The c ha dec a e a a d a i -g e ei he a a h b a f e . (Macapagal-
ea h a d hei i e e a d he i c e a d A o o . People, G.R. No. 220598, 2017)
a e i c di g he e ie a d ha e f
c de i ed f he de i i e e -e d f ic -
he e f f fei ed i fa f he S a e. (Sec. 12, RA
7659)
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TOPIC OUTLINE UNDER THE SYLLABUS: O. ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING ACT OF 2001

(RA 9160, as amended by RA 9194, RA
III. SPECIAL PENAL LAWS 10167, RA 10365 AND RA 10927)
O. ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING ACT OF 2001
(RA 9160, a a e ded b RA 9194, RA 10167, C e ed i i i
RA 10365 AND RA 10927) I efe he f i g:
1. Defi i i f e (Sec. 3) a. ba , -ba , a i-ba ,
e i ie , a d a he i i i a d hei
2. M e a de i g ffe e (Sec. 4) b idia ie a d affi ia e e i ed
eg a ed b he Ba g Se a g Pi i i a
3. J i dic i ;P ec i (Sec . 5 a d 6) (BSP);
b. I a ce c a ie a d a he
4. I a ce f F ee e O de i i i e i ed eg a ed b he
I a ce C i i ;
5. O he e e a e (i) ec i ie dea e , b e , a e e ,
i e e h e a d he i ia
e i ie a agi g ec i ie e de i g
e ice a i e e age , ad i ,
c a ,
(ii) a f d , c e a d i e e
c a ie , c f d , e-
eed c a ie a d he i ia
e i ie ,
(iii) f eig e cha ge c ai , e
cha ge , e a e , e i a ce,
a d a fe c a ie a d he i i a
e i ie , a d
(i ) he e i ie ad i i e i g he i e
dea i g i c e c , c di ie
fi a cia de i a i e ba ed he e ,
a ab e b ec , ca h b i e a d
he i i a ea i e
e e i ed eg a ed b
Sec i ie a d E cha ge C i i ;
c. Je e dea e i eci ea , h ,a
a b i e , ade i eci ea , f
a ac i i e ce f P1,000,000.00;
d. e e dea e i eci e , h ,a
a b i e , ade i eci e , f
a ac i i e ce f P1,000,000.00;
e. c a e ice ide hich, a a
b i e , ide a f he f i g
e ice hi d a ie : (i) ac i g a a
f ai age f idica e ; (ii)
ac i g a ( a a gi g f a he e
ac a ) a di ec c a e ec e a fa
c a , a a e f a a e hi , a
i ia ii i eai he idica
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ATENEO CENTRAL
e ; (iii) idi g a egi e ed ffice, he a e -ba ed c af h

b i e add e acc da i , a i e ded f ga b i g
c e de ce ad i i a i e add e iv. Ca i ca h a ac i
f a c a , a a e hi a he a ac i i i g he ecei f
ega e a a ge e ; a d (i ) ac i g ca e b a ca i aid b beha f
a ( a a gi g f a he e ac a ) f a c e, a ac i
a i ee ha eh de f a he e ; i i g he a f ca h b a
a d ca i ac e e
f. e h ide a f he f i g i hi /he beha f
e ice : (i) a agi g f c ie e , v. Ga i g e a i ac i i ie f he
ec i ie he a e ; (ii) a age e ca i ffe i g ga e f cha ce a d
f ba , a i g ec i ie acc ; (iii) a a ia i he e f a ed b he
ga i a i fc ib i f he c ea i , a ia e g e e a h i
eai a age e f c a ie ; (Sec. 3, RA 10927)
a d (i ) c ea i , e a i a age e
f idica e a a ge e , a d The e c e ed e ha e c de a e
b i g a d e i g b i e e i ie . (Sec. 1, a d acc a ac i g a i de e de ega
RA 10365) fe i a i eai i f ai
c ce i g hei c ie he e di c e f
P eci ea ha ea g d, i e , , i f ai dc i e c ie c fide ce
ai , a adi , h di , he i , i idi he a e -c ie eai hi : P ided, ha
a d i . The e i c de a f eci he e a e a d acc a a e a h i ed
ea , de a d a i g che ica ch a ac ice i he Phi i i e a d ha c i e
h di a d a adi ai g i a d be b ec he i i f hei e ec i e
a i g d c a ide a d a i i e c de f c d c a d/ fe i a
c a ide a d i e c a ide i a i . e ibi i a f i a e d e . (Sec. 1,
RA 10365)
'P eci e ' ha ea dia d, b ,
e e a d, a hi e, a , a e h , be , a , C e ed a ac i
a d ga e ha a e ed i e e a i g, I efe a a ac i i ca h he
i c di g h e f e c a ified a e i- e i ae ea i e i i ga a
eci e . (Sec. 3. RA 10365) a i e ce f P500,000.00 i hi e (1)
ba i g da .
a. F e f c e ed e , he
f i g e a e he eb defi ed a F c e ed e de Sec i 3(a)(8), a
f : i g e ca i ca h a ac i i i g a
i. Ca i a b i e a h i ed b he a i e ce f fi e i i e (P
a ia e g e e age c 5,000,000.00) i e i ae i a he
e gage i ga i g e a i c e c (Sec. 2, RA 10927)
ii. I e e -ba ed ca i ca i i
hich e a ici a e b he e U la f l ac i i
f e e c ica i faci i ie I efe a ac i i e ie
ch a , b i i ed , e e h e, c bi a i he e f i i g ha i g e a i
e e i i , adi , a he i d f he f i g:
e ec ic he ech g f a. Kid a i g f a de RPC, a
faci i a i g c ica i a e ded;
iii. Shi -ba ed ca i ca i , he b. Sec i 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15
eai f hich i de a e a d 16 f RA 9165 he C ehe i e
b a d a e e , hi , b a , a Da ge D g Ac f 2002;
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ATENEO CENTRAL
c. Sec i 3 a ag a h B, C, E, G, H a d I f u. Vi a i f Sec i 86 106 f Cha e

RA 3019, a a e ded, he A i-G af a d VI, f RA 8550, he Phi i i e Fi he ie
C P ac ice Ac ; C de f 1998;
d. P de de RA 7080, a a e ded; v. Vi a i f Sec i 101 107, a d 110 f
e. R bbe a d e i de A ic e 294, RA 7942, he Phi i i e Mi i g Ac f
295, 296, 299, 300, 301 a d 302 f he RPC, 1995;
a a e ded; w. Vi a i f Sec i 27(c), (e), (f), (g) a d
f. J e e g a d Ma ia i hed a i ega (i), f RA 9147, he Wi d ife Re ce
ga b i g de PD 1602; C e a i a d P ec i Ac ;
g. Pi ac he high ea de RPC, a x. Vi a i f Sec i 7(b) f RA 9072, he
a e ded a d PD 532; Na i a Ca e a d Ca e Re ce
h. Q a ified hef de A ic e 310 f he RPC, Ma age e P ec i Ac ;
a a e ded; y. Vi a i f RA 6539, he A i-Ca a i g
i. S i d i g de A ic e 315 a d O he F Ac f 2002, a a e ded;
f S i d i g de A ic e 316 f he RPC, a z. Vi a i f Sec i 1, 3 a d 5 f PD 1866,
a e ded; a a e ded, he dec ee C dif i g he
j. S gg i g de RA 455 a d RA 1937; La I ega /U a f P e i ,
k. Vi a i f RA 8792 he E ec ic Ma fac e, Dea i g I , Ac i i i
C e ce Ac f 2000; Di ii f Fi ea , A ii
l. Hi ac i g a d he i ai de RA E i e ;
6235; de ci e a a d de , a aa. Vi a i f PD 1612, he i e a
defi ed de he RPC, a a e ded; he A i-Fe ci g La ;
m. Te i a d c i ac c i bb. Vi a i f Sec i 6 f RA 8042, he
e i a defi ed a d e a i ed de Mig a W e a d O e ea Fi i i Ac
Sec i 3 a d 4 f RA 9372; f 1995, a a e ded b Re b ic Ac N .
n. Fi a ci g f e i de Sec i 4 a d 10022;
ffe e i hab e de Sec i 5, 6, 7 cc. Vi a i f RA 8293, he I e ec a
a d 8 f RA 10168, he Te i P e C de f he Phi i i e ;
Fi a ci g P e e i a d S e i Ac dd. Vi a i f Sec i 4 f RA 9995, he A i-
f 2012: Ph a d Vide V e i Ac f 2009;
o. B ibe de A ic e 210, 211 a d 211-A f ee. Vi a i f Sec i 4 f RA 9775, he A i-
he RPC, a a e ded, a d C i f Chi d P g a h Ac f 2009;
P b ic Office de A ic e 212 f he RPC, ff. Vi a i f Sec i 5, 7, 8, 9, 10(c), (d)
a a e ded; a d (e), 11, 12 a d 14 f RA 7610, he
p. Fa d a d I ega E ac i a d S ecia P ec i f Chi d e Agai
T a ac i de A ic e 213, 214, 215 Ab e, E i a i a d Di c i i a i ;
a d 216 f he RPC a a e ded; gg. Fa d e ac ice a d he i ai
q. Ma e a i f P b ic F d a d P e de RA 8799, he Sec i ie Reg a i
de A ic e 217 a d 222 f he RPC, a C de f 2000; a d
a e ded; hh. Fe ie ffe e f a i i a a e ha
r. F ge ie a d C e fei i g de A ic e ae i hab e de he e a a f he
163, 166, 167, 168, 169 a d 176 f he RPC, c ie . (Sec. 2, RA 10365)
a a e ded;
s. Vi a i f Sec i 4 6 f RA. 9208,
he A i-T affic i g i Pe Ac f 2003;
t. Vi a i f Sec i 78 79 f Cha e IV,
f PD 705, he Re i ed F e C de f
he Phi i i e , a a e ded;
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II. Money laundering offense P ec i

A e a be cha ged ih a d
M e a de i g i a c i e he eb he
c ic ed f b h he ffe e f e
ceed f a la f l ac i i ae
a de i g a d he a f ac i i a he ei
a ac ed, he eb aki g he a ea
defi ed. (Sec. 6(a), RA 9160)
ha e igi a ed f legi i a e ce .
The ec i fa ffe e i ai de
Wh a e liable
hi Ac ha ceed i de e de f a
M e a de i g i c i ed b a e
ceedi g e a i g he a f ac i i . (Sec.
h , i g ha a ea i e
5, RA 10365)
e e e e , i e , ea e he
ceed f a a f ac i i :
a. a ac aid ea i e IV. Issuance of a Freeze Order
e ;
A f ee e de i a id f a a i ei d
b. c e , a fe , di e f, e ,
f i (6) h . I ca be e e ded be d
ac i e , e e e aid ea
i (6) h . (Rep blic of he Philippine .
i e e ;
Bloombe Re o and Ho el , Inc. (Solai e)
c. c cea di g i e he e a e,
and Banco De O o, G.R. 224112, 2020)
ce, ca i , di ii , e e
e hi f igh i h e ec aid
T begi i h, a f ee e de i de e de
ea i e e ;
a e a a e c i i a cha ge, ch e d e i
d. a e c ie c i e
de e d a c ic i . Ba ed Sec i
a de i g ffe e efe ed i
10 f R.A. N . 9160, a a e ded, he e a e
a ag a h (a), (b) (c);
e i i e f he i a ce f a f ee e de :
e. aid , abe , a i i c e he
(1) he a ica i e -pa e b he AMLC a d (2)
c i i f he e a de i g
he de e i a i f bab e ca e b he
ffe e efe ed i a ag a h (a), (b)
CA. (Yambao . Rep blic, G.R. No. 171054,
(c) ab e; a d e f fai ef
2021)
a ac a a e f hich he faci i a e he
ffe e f e a de i g efe ed i
[P] bab e ca e efe he fficie c f he
a ag a h (a), (b) (c) ab e;
ea i be ee a a f ac i i a d he
f. A c e ed e h , i g ha a
e ea i e hich i he
c e ed ici a ac i i e i ed
f ca i f Sec i 10 f R.A. N . 9160, a
de hi Ac be e ed he A i-
a e ded. (Yambao . Rep blic, G.R. No.
M e La de i g C ci (AMLC), fai
171054, 2021)
d . (Sec. 4, RA 10365)
V. Other relevant rules
III. Jurisdiction; Prosecution
Effec f Ba k De i Sec ec La AMLA
J i dic i
Whe e i g c e ed a ac i he A i-
The Regi a T ia C ha ha e i dic i
M e La de i g C ci , c e ed i i i
a ca e e a de i g.
a d hei ffice , e ee , e e e a i e ,
age , ad i ,c a a cia e ha
If c i ed b b ic ffice a d i ae
be dee ed ha e i a ed Re b ic Ac N .
e h aei c i ac i h ch b ic
1405, a a e ded; Re b ic Ac N . 6426, a
ffice ha be de he i dic i f he
a e ded; Re b ic Ac N . 8791 a d he
Sa diga ba a . (Sec. 5)
i i a a . (Sec. 9, RA 9160)
C e ed e a d hei ffice a d
e ee a e hibi ed f c ica i g,
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di ec i di ec , i a a e b a P. OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE LAW (PD

ea , a e e i , he edia, he fac 1829)
ha a c e ed ici a ac i ha bee
I. Punishable acts
e ed i ab be e ed, he c e
f he e , a he i f a i i ea i A e h i g i f b c ,
he e . Nei he a ch e i g be b i hed i ede , f ae de a he a ehe i
ai ed i a a e f b he a f ec a d he i e iga i a d
edia", e ec ic ai , he i i a de ice . ec i f c i i a ca e ha be iab e b
I ca e f i a i he e f, he c ce ed ffice c i i ga f he f i g ac :
a de ee f he c e ed e a d edia
ha be he d c i i a iab e. (Sec. 7, RA 10365) a. e e i g i e e f e if i g i a
ci i a ceedi g f e i g he
-e d f ic - c i i fa ffe e he ide i f
a ffe de / b ea f b ibe ,
TOPIC OUTLINE UNDER THE SYLLABUS: i e e e a i , decei , i i ida i , f ce
h ea ;
b. al e i g, de i g, e i g
P. OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE LAW (PD 1829) c cea i g a a e , ec d, d c e ,
b ec , ih i e i ai i ei ,
1. P i hab e ac (Sec. 1) a he ici , egibi i , a ai abi i ,
ad i ibi i a e ide ce i a
2. Ob ci f ice . acce a i e iga i f fficia ceedi g i ,
ci e c i i a ca e , be ed i he
i e iga i f, fficia ceedi g i ,
3. O he e e a e
c i i a ca e ;
c. ha b i g c ceali g, facili a i g
he e ca e f, a e he , ha
ea ab e g d be ie e ec ,
ha c i ed a ffe e de e i i g
e a a i de e e hi a e ,
ec i a d c ic i ;
d. b ic i g a fic i i a e f he
e
f c ceali g a c i e, e adi g
ec i he e ec i f a dg e ,
c cea i g hi e a e a d he
e a ci c a ce f he a e
e e ;
e. de a i g he ec i f c i i a ca e b
b c i g he e ice f ce
c de di bi g ceedi g i
he fi ca ' ffice , i Ta dba a , i he
c ;
f. a i g, e e i g i g a ec d,
d c e , a e b ec i h k ledge
f i fal i a d i h i e affec he
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c e c e f he i e iga i f, C e diffe e ac
P i he he ac f
fficia ceedi g i , c i i a ca e ; i he a ehe i ,
ha b i g, c cea i g
i e iga i a d
g. ici i g, acce i g, ag eei g acce a d a i i g i he
ec i f he
a be efi i c ide a i f ab ai i g e ca e f he i ci a
ci e
f , di c i i g, i edi g he
P i he b ic
ec i f a c i i a ffe de ;
fficia h ab ed
h. h ea e i g di ec i di ec a he i h hei ii ;
P i he b h i a e
he i flic i f a g hi i he i ae
a d b ic i di id a ,
e , h e ha f a i di id a b i
b i h a addi i a
i edia e e be e be f hi fa i he c i e f ea ,
e a f b ic
i de e e ch e f a e he ife f
fficia ; N i i ed
a ea i g i he i e iga i f, fficia he Chief E ec i e,
a e f a ic a
ceedi g i , c i i a ca e , i i g de , a icide a
ci e
a c di i , he he a f a f , i i ci a be
de e e a e f a ea i g i habi a g i f
he i e iga i f i fficia ceedi g e he c i e
i , c i i a ca e ; Pe a ie f
acce ie de he
i. gi i g f fal e fab ica ed i f ai RPC ha be
i lead e e he a e f ce e i ed h e
age cie f a ehe di g he ffe de Re a i e f he h a e ch i h
f ec i g he ife e f he ffe de d e e ec hei
ic i ; fab ica i g i f ai f he he a e e e i e , a ce da ,
da a ga he ed i c fide ce b i e iga i g f c i i a iabi i de ce da ,
a h i ie f e f bac g d a ha f a egi i a e, a a , a d
i f ai a d f b ica i a d acce de he ad ed b he a d
b i hi g di e i a i g he a e RPC. i e , ea i e b
i ead he i e iga he c . affi i i hi he a e
deg ee , b ec a
If a f he ac e i ed he ei i e a i ed i g e e ce i .
b a he a i h a highe e a , he highe (A ic e 20, RPC)
e al hall be i ed. (Sec. 1)
III. Other relevant rules
II. Obstruction of justice vs. accessory to a
Ob ci f j ice b a blic fficial
crime
e l ee
Dis ing ishing an accessor from a principal
in PD 1829 If a f he f eg i g ac i c i ed b a
Ob ci f b ic fficia e ee, he ha i addi i
Acce ac i e he e a ie ided he e de , ffe
j ice
e e a di a ifica i f h di g b ic
P i hed a a Pa f he igi a
ffice. (Sec. 2)
e aaeci e ci e
Offe de i a
Offe de i i ci al Ref al e de
acce
Whe he e i a a fa e he e e i
F c e he F c e he
g d f a a id a a e a e , he e
ec i f he e e i f he
c d be i ai f PD 1829 a he ef a
ci e di c e f he c i e
e de b he acc ed a d e i hi he
Page 295 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
b d f a . (Po ada . Omb d man, G.R. ceed f he ffe e a d ha i e i e be

No. 131492, 2000) c fi ca ed a d f fei ed i fa f he S a e.
I e c ceal de he ffe e (Sec. 9, RA 9287)
A e ca be ec ed f b h ebe i -e d f ic -
a d PD 1829. I de e i i g he e cha ge,
he i e i e i a deci i e fac . If he ac TOPIC OUTLINE UNDER THE SYLLABUS:
f c cea e i c i ed i h i ica
cia i e , ha i i f he a ce f ebe i , III. SPECIAL PENAL LAWS
he i h d be dee ed f a f he c i e
Q. ANTI-TORTURE ACT OF 2009 (RA 9745)
f ebe i i ead f bei g i hed e a a e
de PD 1829. (En ile . Amin, G.R. No. 93335, 1. Ee e (Sec. 3)
1990)
2. Ac f e (Sec. 4)
I i f ec i
3. Pe iab e (Sec. 13)
A e h e e a a i e f he
g e e ide e ide ce i a c i i a 4. P hibi ed de e i (Sec. 7)
ca e i i g a i ai f hi Ac , h
ai b i e f a b e a 5. A icabi i fe c i a e;
e ifica d d ce ec , d ce , E ce i (Sec. 8)
ide ifie , gi e e i ha be i e
6. A icabi i f ef e (Sec. 9)
f a ci i a ec i . (Sec. 8, RA 9287)
7. O he e e a e
P ec i , j dg e a d f fei e f
e
A e a be cha ged i h c ic ed f
he ffe e c e ed b hi Ac ih
ej dice he ec i f a ac ac
e ali ed de he Re i ed Pe al C de
he e i i g la .
D i g he e de c f he ca e, e
i c e ed de i ed he ef hich a be
c fi ca ed a d f fei ed hall be di ed,
alie a ed a fe ed a d he a e ha be
in c odia legi a d b d hall be ad i ed
f he elea e f he a e.
U c ic i , all ceed , ga b i g
a a he a ia a d he i e f he c i e
i c di g a ea e a e ed i
a i ega be ga e eai hall be
c fi ca ed a d f fei ed i fa f he S a e.
All a e a d e ie f he acc ed ei he
ed he d b hi /he i hi /he a e i
he a e f a he e f d be
a ife l f i hi /he la f l
i c e ha be prima facie e ed be
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Q. ANTI-TORTURE ACT OF 2009 (RA 9745) b. F d de i a i f cib e feedi g i h

i ed f d, a i a h a e cea a d
I. Elements
he ff b a ce a ea e ;
Ele e f e
c. E ec ic h c ;
1. A ac b hich e e e h ica e a d. Ciga e e b i g; b i g b e ec ica
ai ffe i g; hea ed d , h i , acid; b he bbi g f
e e he che ica b a ce
2. I i f ic ed b a he i iga i f ih c e ba e , acid ice
he c e ac ie ce ce f a e i di ec he d( );
a h i hi age ;
e. The b e i f he head i ae
3. I e i a i f ic ed a e ; ae ed i h e c e e , i e, i
a d/ b d i he b i f ff ca i ;
4. F he e f:
f. Bei g ied f ced a e fi ed a d
a. Ob ai i g i f ai ac fe i ; e f b di ii ;
g. Ra e a d e a ab e, i c di g he
b. P i h e f a ac he a hi d i e i f f eig b ec i he e ga
e ha c i ed, i ec , e ec ica e f he ge i a ;
ec ed f ha i g c i ed;
h. M iai a ai f he e e ia
c. I i ida i c e ci ;a d a f he b d ch a he ge i a ia, ea ,
g e, e c.;
d. A ea ba ed di c i i a i f
i. De a e he f ced e ac i f he
a i d. (Sec. 3)
ee h;
II. Acts of torture j. P i g f fi ge ai ;
Wh i a ic i k. Ha f e e he e e e ch a
igh a d e e e c d;
Pe b ec ed e he c e,
i h a a d deg adi g ea e i h e l. The e f a ic bag a d he a e ia
a defi ed ab e a d a i di id a h ha aced e he head he i f
ffe ed ha a a e f a ac ( ) f e, a h ia i ;
he c e , i h a a d deg adi g ea e m. The e f ch ac i e d g cha ge he
i h e . (Sec. 3) e ce i , e , ae e i f a
e , ch a :
Ph ical e
The ad i i a i fd g i d ce
I i af f ea e i h e i f ic ed b c fe i a d/ ed ce e a
a e i a h i age f a e i c ee c ;
a h i a he i hi /he c d ha The e f d g i d ce e e e
ca e e e e ai , e ha i , di abi i ai ce ai f a
d f ci f e e a f he b d , ch di ea e; a d
a :
n. O he a a g ac f h ica e.
a. S e a ic bea i g, headba gi g, chi g, (Sec. 4)
ic i g, i i g i h che if e b Me al/P ch l gical e
he i i a b ec , a d i g he
I efe ac c i ed b a e i a h i
ach;
age f a e i a h i hich a e
ca c a ed affec c f e he i d a d/
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de i e a e dig i a d a e, ch i h e ,i h ica a d e a effec a d,

a : i e ca e , he e , e igi , age a d a e f
a. B i df di g; hea h f he ic i . (Sec. 5)
b. Th ea e i g a e ( ) hi /he e a i e( ) III. Persons liable

i h b di ha , e ec i he gf The f i g ha be he d c i i a iab e f
ac ; he c i e f e:
c. C fi e e i ia ce ec e a. Liab e a i ci a
de e i ace ;
1. A e h ac all a ici a ed
d. P ged i e ga i ; i d ced a he i he c i i
e. Pe a i ga i e f a h ia , b ic f e he c e , i h a a d
di a b ic h i ia i f a de ai ee deg adi g ea e i h e
i e; h c e a ed i he e ec i f he
ac f e he c e , i h a
f. Ca i g ched ed a fe f a e a d deg adi g ea e i h e
de i ed f ibe f e ace a he , b e i i a e ac
c ea i g he be ief ha he/ he ha be
a i e ec ed; 2. A ei iia , ice a
e f ce e ffice e i
g. Ma ea i g a e be / fa e fa i ; g e e fficia h i ed a de
h. Ca i g he e e i be i e ed a e a i g e e
b he e fa i , e a i e a hi d c i ef ha e e e
a ; 3. The i edia e c a di g ffice f
i. De ia f ee / e ; he i c ce ed f he AFP he
j. Sha e i f ic i ch a i i g he e i edia e e i b ic fficia f he
a ed, a adi g hi /he i b ic ace , PNP a d he a e f ce e
ha i g he ic i head i g a age cie f a ac i i ,
hi /he b d agai hi /he i ; eg ige ce c i ed b hi /he ha
ha ha e ed, a i ed, abe ed
k. De ibe a e hibi i g he ic i a ed, he he di ec i di ec ,
c ica e ih a e be f hi /he he c i i he e f b hi /he
fa i ; a d b di a e
l. O he a a g ac f If he/ he ha edge f , i g he
e a/ ch gica e. (Sec. 4) ci c a ce a he i e, h d ha e
ha ac f e he c e ,
i h a a d deg adi g ea e
O he c el, i h a a d deg adi g
i h e ha be c i ed, i bei g
ea e i h e
c i ed, ha bee c i ed b
I efe a delibe a e a d agg a a ed hi /he b di a e b he i hi
ea e i h e e e a ed de hi /he a ea f e ibi i a d, de i e
Sec i 4 f hi Ac , i f ic ed b a e i ch edge, did a e e e i e
a h i age fa e i a h i agai c ec i e ac i ei he bef e, d i g
a he e i c d , hich a ai a e e i edia e af e i c i i , he
f e ei fficie ca e ffe i g, g he/ he ha he a h i e e
h i ia i deba e e he a e . i e iga e a ega i f e he
The a e e f he e e f e ei ha c e , i h a a d deg adi g ea e
de e d a he ci c a ce f he ca e, i h e b fai ed e e
i c di g he d a i f he ea e i e iga e a ega i f ch ac , he he
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ATENEO CENTRAL
de ibe a e d e eg ige ce ha a V. Applicability of exclusionary rule;

be iab e a i ci a . Exception
b. Liab e a acce A b ic ffice Ge e al le: A c fe i , ad i i
e ee ha be iab e a a acce if ae e b ai ed a a e f e ha be
he/ he ha edge ha e he i ad i ib e i e ide ce i a ceedi g ,
c e , i h a a d deg adi g ea e
i h e i bei g c i ed a d i h EXCEPTION: If he a e i ed a e ide ce
ha i g a ici a ed he ei , ei he a agai a e e acc ed f
i ci a acc ice, a e a c i i g e. (Sec. 8)
b e e i c i i i a f he
VI. Applicability of refouler
f i g a e:
N e ha be e e ed, e ed
1. B he e e fi i g f e adi ed a he S a e he e he e a e
a i i g he ffe de fi f he b a ial g d belie e ha ch
effec f he ac f e he e ha be i da ge f bei g b ec ed
c e, i h a a d deg adi g e.
ea e i h e ;
2. B c cea i g he ac f e he F he e f de e i i g he he ch
c e, i h a a d deg adi g g d e i , he Sec e a f he De a e f
ea e i h e a d/ F eig Affai (DFA) a d he Sec e a f he
de i g he effec i e DOJ, i c di a i i h he Chai e f he
he e fi de e e i di c e ; CHR, ha a e i acc a ee a
c ide a i i c di g, he e a icab e a d
i i ed , he e i e ce i he e e i g
3. B ha b i g, c cea i g a i i g i S a e fac i e a e fg , flag a
he e ca e f he i ci a i he ac f a i la i fh a igh . (Sec. 17)
e he c e , i h a a d
deg adi g ea e i h e .
The acce ac h d be d e i h he
ab e f he fficia b ic f c i . (Sec.
13)
IV. Prohibited detention

Sec e de e i ace , i a c fi e e ,
i c icad he i ia f f
de e i , he e e a be ca ied ih
i i a e he eb hibi ed.
The PNP, AFP a d he a e f ce e

age cie c ce ed ha a ea da ed i f
a de e i ce e a d faci i ie de hei
e ec i e i dic i i h he c e di g
da a i e de ai ee i ca ce a ed
de ai ed he ei . Thi i ha be a ai ab e he
b ic a a i e a d da ed b he a e
age cie e e 5 da f he h a he
i i . (Sec. 7)
Page 299 of 354

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VII. Other relevant rules R. HUMAN SECURITY ACT OF 2007 (RA

9372)
T e a a e a a e a d i de e de ci e
I. Elements
T e a a c i e ha ab b ha be
ab bed b a he c i e fe c i ed Ele e f e i
a ac e e ce, a a ea i he c d c 1. A e h c i a ac i hab e
c i i he e f. I ha be ea ed a a de a f he f i g:
e a a e a d i de e de c i i a ac h e a. Pi ac i ge e a a d M i i he High
e a ie ha be i ab e i h e dice Sea i he Phi i i e Wa e ;
a he c i i a iabi i ided f b b. Rebe i I ec i ;
d e ic a d i e a i a a . (Sec. 15) c. C d a , i c di g ac c i ed
b i ae e ;
A licabili f he Re i ed Pe al C de
d. M de ; Kid a i g a d Se i I ega
The i i f he Re i ed Pe a C de i fa De e i ;
a he a e a icab e ha be e hi e. C i e I i g De ci de
Ac . M e e , if he c i i f a ci e f. The La A ;
i hab e de Ti e Eigh (C i e Agai g. T ic S b a ce a d Ha a d a d
Pe ) a d Ti e Ni e (C i e Agai Pe a N c ea Wa e C Ac f 1990;
Libe a d Sec i ) f he Re i ed Pe a C de h. A ic E e g Reg a a d Liabi i
i a e ded b a f he ac c i i g e Ac f 1968;
a d he c e , i h a a d deg adi g i. A i-Hi ac i g La ;
ea e i h e a defi ed he ei , he j. A i- i ac a d A i-high a R bbe
e a be i ed ha be i i a i La f 1974; a d
e i d. (Sec. 22) k. Dec ee C dif i g he La I ega
a dU a f P e i , Ma fac e,
-e d f ic -
Dea i g i , Ac i i i Di ii f
TOPIC OUTLINE UNDER THE SYLLABUS: Fi ea ,A ii E i e ;
2. The eb i g a d c ea i g ide ead
III. SPECIAL PENAL LAWS a d e a di a fea a d a ic a g he
ace; a d,
R. HUMAN SECURITY ACT OF 2007 (RA 9372) 3. T c e ce he g e e gi e i a
a f de a d.
1. Ee e f e i (Sec. 3)
A ef dg i f e i c i i g
2. O he i hab e ac
c i e i ha ffe he e a f 40
3. C i ac c i e i (Sec. 4) ea i i e , ih he be efi f a e
a ided f de he I de e i a e Se e ce
4. Acc ice a d acce (Sec . 5 a d La . (Sec. 3)
6)
II. Other punishable acts
5. O he e e a i i
The f i gae i hab e de RA 9372:
a. U a h i ed a ici e a i ai fa
ba a fi a cia i i i ;
b. Ba fficia a d e ee def i g a c
a h i ai ;
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c. Fa e hf ae e a. b fi i g hi e f a i i g he ffe de
i e e e ai f a e ia fac i i fi b he effec f he c i e;
affida i ;
b. b c cea i g de i g he b d f he
d. U ified ef a e e de a i c i e, he effec , i e
e i g ei ed, e e e ed a d f e he e f, i de e e i di c e ;
ba de i , ace e , acc , c. b ha b i g, c cea i g, a i i gi he
a e a d ec d ;
e ca e f he i ci a c ia f
e. L , i e, di e i di i ai f he c i e .
ei ed, e e e ed a d f e ba
The e a ie e c ibed f acce ie ha
de i , ace e , acc ,a e
be i ed h e h ae ch i h
a d ec d ;
e ec hei e , a ce da ,
f. I fide i i he c d f de ai ed e ; de ce da , egi i a e, a a , a d ad ed
b he a d i e , e a i e b affi i i hi
g. U a h i ed e ea i f ca ified
a e ia ; a d he a e deg ee , i h he i g e e ce i f
acce ie fa i g i hi he i i f ie
h. F i hi g fa e e ide ce, f ged d c e , (a). (Sec. 6)
i e ide ce.
-e d f ic -
III. Conspiracy to commit terrorism
The e i c i ac he e e TOPIC OUTLINE UNDER THE SYLLABUS:
c e a ag ee e c ce i g he
c i i f he c i e f e i a defi ed III. SPECIAL PENAL LAWS
ab e a d decide c i he a e.
S. TERRORISM FINANCING PREVENTION
Pe h c ie c i he c i e f AND SUPPRESSION ACT OF 2012 (RA 10168)
e i ha ffe he e a f f (40)
1. Defi i i f e (Sec. 3)
ea fi i e . (Sec. 4)
2. Fi a ci g f e i (Sec. 4)
IV. Accomplice and accessory
Acc lice e i 3. E ae i ia a ica i (Sec. 19)
A e h , bei g a i ci a de 4. E adi i (Sec. 20)

A ic e 17 f he Re i ed Pe a C de a
c ia a defi ed i Sec i 4, c eae
i he e ec i f ei he he c i e f e i
c i ac c i e i b e i
i a e ac ha be iab e a a
acc ice. (Sec. 5)
Acce e i
A e h , ha i g edge f he
c i i f he c i e f e i
c i ac c i e i , a d ih
ha i g a ici a ed he ei , ei he a i ci a
acc ice de A ic e 17 a d 18 f he
Re i ed Pe a C de, a e a b e e i
c i i i a f he f i g a e , ha
be iab e a a acce :
Page 301 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
S. TERRORISM FINANCING PREVENTION c e ed, c cea ed, ed di ed i h

AND SUPPRESSION ACT OF 2012 (RA affec i g he e hi he e f.
10168)
P e f d
I efe fi a cia a e , e fe e i d,
C e ed i i i he he a gib e i a gib e, ab e
i ab e, h e e ac i ed, a d ega
Thi efe ha ha e he a e ea i g a d c e i e i a f , i c di g
defi ed de he A i-M e La de i g Ac e ec ic digi a , e ide ci g i e , i e e
(AMLA). i , ch f d he a e , i c di g, b
i i ed , ba c edi , a e e che e , ba
Deali g, i h ega d e f d
che e , e de , ha e , ec i ie ,
Thi efe ecei , ac i i i , a ac i g, b d , d af , e e f c edi , a d a i e e ,
e e e i g, c cea i g, di i g di ide d he i c e a e acc i g
c e i g, a fe i g i g, e a f ge e a ed b ch f d he a e .
ec i f idi g fi a cia e ice .
Te i
De ig a ed e I efe a a a e h :
a. C i , a e , c ie
I efe : c i e i ac b a ea , di ec
i di ec , a f a d i f ;
a. A e e i de ig a ed a d/
b. Pa ici a e , a a i ci a a a
ide ified a a e i , e h fi a ce
acc ice, i e i ac ;
e i , a e i ga i a i g
c. O ga i e di ec he c i
de he a icab e U i ed Na i Sec i
e i ac ;
C ci Re i b a he i dic i
d. C ib e he c i i f e i
a ai a i dic i ;
ac b a g f e ac i g i h a
b. A ga i a i , a cia i , g f c e he e he c ib i i
e c ibed a Sec i 17 f ade i e i a a d i h he ai f
he H a Sec i Ac f 2007; f he i g he e i ac i h he
c. A e , ga i a i , a cia i , edge f he i e i f he g
g f e h e f d e , c i a e i ac .
ba ed bab e ca e a e b ec
ei e a d e e a i de Sec i 39 Te i ac
f he H a Sec i Ac f 2007. Thi efe he f i g:
a. A ac i i a i f Sec i 3 Sec i 4
f he H a Sec i Ac f 2007;
F fei e
b. A he ac i e ded ca e dea h
I i a c de a fe i g i fa f he
ei b di i a ci i ia , a
g e e , af e d e ce , e hi f
he e a i g a ac i e a i he
e f d e e e i g, i i g,
h i i ie i a i a i f a ed c f ic ,
ea i g fi a ci g f e i a defi ed i
he he e f ch ac , b i a e
Sec i 4 a ffe e de Sec i 5, 6, 7, 8,
c e ,i i i ida e a ai ,
9 f hi Ac .
c e a g e e a i e ai a
ga i a i d ab ai f d i g
F ee e
a ac ;
I efe he b c i g e ai i g f ecific
c. A ac hich c i e a ffe e de
e f d f bei g a ac ed,
hi Ac , ha i i hi he c e f a f he
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ATENEO CENTRAL
f i g ea ie f hich he Re b ic f e f d a e a ai ab e
he Phi i i e i a S a e a . e ,f d fi a cia e ice he
Te i ga i a i , a cia i ag e a ed e ice , b a ea , i h he
f e a f a d i f i e i ha he h d
I efe a e i ed c ed b a be ed i h he edge ha he a e
e i g f e i ha : be ed, i f i a :
a. C i , a e c i, e i 1. ca faci i a e he
ac b a ea , di ec i di ec , c i i fa e i ac ;
a f a d i f ; 2. b a e i ga i a i ,
b. Pa ici a e a a acc ice i e i a cia i g ;
ac ; 3. b a i di id a e i ;
c. O ga i e di ec he c i b. A e h ga i e di ec he
e i ac ; c i fi a ci g f e i
d. C ib e he c i i f e i K edge i e a be e ab i hed b
ac b a g f e ac i g i h di ec e ide ce i fe ed f he a e da
c e f f he i g he e i ci c a ce .
ac he e he c ib i i ade F a ac c i e a c i e de hi Ac , i
i e i a a d i h he ai f f he i g ha be ece a ha he f d ee
he e i ac i h he edge f he ac all ed ca e i ac . (Sec. 4)
i e i f he g c i a e i
ac . (Sec. 3) III. Extraterritorial application
S b ec he i i f a e i i g ea ,
Acc lice de RA 10168 i c di g he I e a i a C e i f he
A e h , bei g a i ci a de S e i f he Fi a ci g f Te i f
A ic e 17 f he Re i ed Pe a C de a hich he Phi i i e i a S a e Pa , a d a
c ia a defi ed i Sec i 5 he e f, c a i i f a a f efe e ia
c e a e i he e ec i f ei he he c i e f a ica i , he c i i a i i f hi Ac
fi a ci g f e i c i ac c i he ha a :
c i e f fi a ci g f e i b e i a. i di id a e h , a h gh
i a e ac . (Sec. 6) h ica ide he e i ia i i f he
Phi i i e , c i, c ie
Acce de RA 10168 c i a f he c i e defi ed a d
A e h , ha i g edge f he i hed i hi Ac i ide he e i ia i i
c i i f he c i e f fi a ci g f e i f he Phi i i e ;
b ih ha i g a ici a ed he ei a a b. i di id a e h , a h gh
i ci a , a e a b e e i h ica ide he e i ia i i f he
c i i ,b fi i g f i b a i i g he Phi i i e , c i a f he aid c i e
i ci a i ci a fi b he effec f he b a d Phi i i e hi Phi i i e
c i e, b c cea i g de i g he effec ai hi ;
f he c i e i de e e i di c e , b c. i di id a e h c i a f aid
ha b i g, c cea i g a i i g i he e ca e ci e i hi a e ba , c a e,
f a i ci a f he c i e. (Sec. 7) di a ic e i e be gi g
cc ied b he Phi i i e g e e i a
II. Financing of terrorism fficia ca aci ;
The f i g ha be g i f he c i e f d. i di id a e h , a h gh
fi a ci g f e i : h ica ide he e i ia i i f he
a. A e h , di ec i di ec , Phi i i e , c i aid c i e agai
i f a d ih a f e c e, Phi i i e ci i e e f Phi i i e
e e , ide , c ec e
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ATENEO CENTRAL
de ce , he e hei ci i e hi e h ici T. ANTI-WIRE TAPPING ACT (RA 4200)

a a fac i he c i i f he c i e;
I. Prohibited acts
e. i di id a e h , a h gh
h ica ide he e i ia i i f he I ha a f f a e c i a f
Phi i i e , c i aid c i e di ec he f i g ac :
agai he Phi i i e g e e ; a d,
a. N bei g a h i ed b a he a ie a
f. a Fi i i ai a h , a h gh ide i ae c ica i e d,
he e i ia i dic i f he Phi i i e , a a ie cab e, b i ga he
c i,c ie c i a f he de ice a a ge e , ec e l
c i e defi ed a d i hed i hi Ac . e hea , i e ce , ec d ch
(Sec. 19) c ica i e d b i g a
de ice c a a dic a h e
dic ag a h de ec a h e a ie- a ie
IV. Extradition
a e ec de , h e e he i e
The Phi i i e a ,a i i , b ec he
de c ibed;
i ci e f eci ci , c ide he I e a i a
C e i f he S e i f he Fi a ci g b. Be he a a ici a i he ac ac
f Te i a a ega ba i f e e i g e a i ed i he e ecedi g e e ce,
g a i g e adi i i e ec f he ffe e e k i gl e a a e ec d, i e
f h de hi Ac . (Sec. 20) ec d, di c ec d, a he ch ec d,
c ie he e f, f a c ica i
I ca e f a a ie h e e adi i i e e ed e d ec ed ei he bef e af e
a he I e a i a C e i f he he effec i e da e f hi Ac i he a e
S e i f he Fi a ci g f Te i , a d hibi ed b hi a ;
ha a ie i e adi ed he e e i g S a e, c. T e a he a e f a he e / ;
he Re b ic f he Phi i i e , i h e ce i
d. T c ica e he c e he e f, ei he
ha e e a d he he he ffe e a
e ba i i i g, f i h
c i ed i he Phi i i e , ha b i he
a ci i he e f, he he c ee
ca e i h d e de a he De a e f
a ia , a he e ; ,
J ice f he e f ec i i he a e
a e a if he ac c i i g he ffe e had e. T i f i g d aid, e i ,
bee c i ed i he Phi i i e , i hich ca e, ca e be d e a f he ac de he
he c f he Phi i i e ha ha e i dic i ab e-i e (a) (d) a de i ed
e he ffe e. (Sec. 19) he e de , aid , e i , ca e ch
i a i . (Sec . 1 a d 2)
-e d f ic -
II. Allowable wire tapping
TOPIC OUTLINE UNDER THE SYLLABUS: N hi g de hi Ac ha e de i a f
i hab e f a eace ffice , a h i ed b
III. SPECIAL PENAL LAWS a i e de f he C , e ec ea f
he ac dec a ed be a f ab e i ca e
T. ANTI-WIRE TAPPING ACT (RA 4200) i i g he f i gci e :
1. P hibi ed ac (Sec . 1 a d 2) a. T ea ;
2. A ab e ie a i g (Sec. 3) b. E i age;
c. P i g a a d di a i ca e f a ;
3. I ad i ibi i (Sec. 4)
d. Pi ac ;
4. O he e e a e
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ATENEO CENTRAL
e. M i i he high ea ; c ica i , he e eg a h i e he
ee h e be i ed a d i ca i ;
f. Rebe i ;
b. ide i f he eace ffice a h i ed
g. C i ac a d a c i
e hea , i e ce , ec d he
ebe i , i ci i g ebe i ;
c ica i , c e ai ,
h. Sedi i , c i ac c i edi i , di c i , e d ;
i ci i g edi i ;
c. ffe e ffe e c i ed gh
i. Kid a i g a defi ed b he Re i ed Pe a be e e ed; a d
C de; a d,
d. he e i d f he a h i a i .
j. Vi a i f C ea h Ac N . 616,
The a h i a i ha be effec i e f he e i d
i hi g e i age a d he ffe e
agai a i a ec i . (Sec. 3) ecified i he de hich ha e ceed
i (60) da f he da e f i a ce f he
The i e de ha be i ed g a ed de , UNLESS e e ded e e ed b he c
bei g a i fied ha ch e e i
a. U i e a lica i a d he e e a i i he b ic i e e .
e a i ai de a h affi a i f he
III. Inadmissibility
a ica a d he i e e he a
d ce; A c ica i e d, he
b. Tha he e a e ea ab e g d e i e ce, c e , b a ce, , effec ,
be ie e ha a f he c i e e e a ed ea i g f he a e a a he e f, a
ab e ha bee c i ed i bei g i f ai he ei c ai ed, b ai ed
c i ed i ab be c i ed; ec ed b a e i i ai f hi Ac
hall be ad i ible i e ide ce i a
I ca e i i g he ffe e f ebe i , j dicial, a i-j dicial, legi la i e
c i ac a d a c i ebe i , ad i i a i e hea i g i e iga i . (Sec.
i ci i g ebe i , edi i , c i ac 4)
c i edi i , a d i ci i g edi i , ch
a h i ha be g a ed i f IV. Other relevant rules
ha a ebe i ac f edi i , a he ca e
A ec di g ade de c a h i ai
a be, ha e ac a bee a e bei g
ha , i hi f -eigh h af e he e i a i
c i ed.
f he e i d fi ed i he de , be de i ed i h
c. Tha he e a e ea ab e g d he c i a ea ed e e e ea ed ac age,
be ie e ha e ide ce ill be b ai ed a d ha be acc a ied b a affida i f he
e e ial he c ic i fa e eace ffice g a ed ch a h i a i g he
f , he l i f, he be f ec di g ade, he da e a d i e
e e i f, a ch c i e ; a d c e ed b each ec di g, he be f a e ,
d. ha he e a e he ea eadi di c , ec d i c ded i he de i, a d
a ai ab e f b ai i g ch e ide ce. ce if i g ha d ica e c ie f he h e
a a he e f ha e bee ade, if ade,
The i e de f he C g a ed i ed
ha a ch d ica e c ie a e i c ded i
ha ecif
he e e e ac age de i ed i h he c .
a. ide i f he e e h e (Sec. 3)
c ica i , c e ai ,
di c i , e d ae be The e e e ac age de i ed ha
e hea d, i e ce ed, ec ded a d, i be e ed, he ec di g e a ed, ed i
he ca e f e eg a hic e e h ic e ide ce, hei c e e ea ed, e ce
de f he c , hich ha be g a ed
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ATENEO CENTRAL
e ce i , ih d e ice a d TOPIC OUTLINE UNDER THE SYLLABUS:

i be hea d he e e
h e c e ai c ica i ha e III. SPECIAL PENAL LAWS
bee ec ded. (Sec. 3)
U. CYBERCRIME PREVENTION ACT OF 2012
The Ac c ea a d e i ca a e i i ega (RA 10175)
f a e , a h i ed b a he a ie
a i ae c ica i ec e ec d 1. Defi i i f e (Sec. 3)
ch c ica i b ea f a a e
2. P i hab e ac
ec de . The a a e di i c i a
he he he a gh be e a i ed b he a. C be c i e ffe e (Sec. 4)
a e gh be a a he ha diffe e
f h ei ed i he i a e c ica i . b. O he ffe e (Sec. 5)
(Rami e . Co of Appeal , G.R. No. 93833,
1995) 3. J i dic i (Sec. 21)
A e e i e e h e ca be aced i he 4. O he e e a e
a e ca eg a a dic a h e, dic ag a h he
he de ice e e a ed i Sec i 1 f RA N .
4200 a he e he e f ca be c ide ed a
" a i g" he i e cab e f a e e h e i e.
He ce, he h a e "de ice a a ge e " i
Sec i 1 f RA N . 4200, a h gh e c i e
ha e e a ed he ei , h d be c ed
c ehe d i e f he a e i ia
a e, ha i , i e he e f hich d
be a a a i g he ai i e f a
e e h e. I efe i e h e
i a ai e e ce ca be e ed b
he a a ie bei g e hea d beca e, b
hei e a e, he a e fc age
a d hei e i eci e f a i g,
i e ce i g ec di g a ee h e
c e a i . (Gaanan . In e media e Appella e
Co , G.R. No. L-69809, 1986)
-e d f ic -
Page 306 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
U. CYBERCRIME PREVENTION ACT OF 2012 Wi h igh

(RA 10175)
I efe ei he (1) c d c de a e ih
I. Definition of terms i e ce f a h i ; (2) c d c
Acce c e ed b e ab i hed ega defe e , e c e ,
c de , ifica i , ee a i ci e
I efe he i ci , c ica i i h, de he a .
i g da a i , e ie i g da a f , he i e
a i g e f a e ce f a c e II. Punishable acts
e c ica i e a. C be c i e Offe e (Sec. 4)
Al e a i Offe e agai he c fide iali , i eg i
a d a ailabili fc e da a a d
I efe he difica i cha ge, i f
e
b a ce, f a e i i g c e da a
ga . 1. I ega Acce he acce he h e
a a fac e e ih igh
C ica i
2. I ega I e ce i i e ce i ade b
I efe he a i i fi f ai h gh
ech ica ea ih igh f a -
ICT edia, i c di g ice, ide a d he f
b ic a i i fc e da a , f ,
f da a.
i hi a c e e i c di g
C e da a e ec ag e ic e i i f ac e
e ca i g ch c e da a.
A e e e ai f fac , i f ai ,
c ce i a f i ab e f ce
i g i a 3. Da a I e fe e ce i e i a ec e
c e e i c di g a g a i ab e a eai , da agi g, de e i
ca e a c e e ef a f ci de e i a i f c e da a, e ec ic
a d i c de e ec ic d c e a d/ d c e , e ec ic da a e age,
e ec ic da a e age he he ed i ca ih igh , i c di g he i d ci
c e e i e. a i i f i e .
I e ce i 4. S e I e fe e ce i e i a a e a i
ec e hi de i g i e fe e ce i h he
I efe i e i g , ec di g, i i g f ci i g f a c e c e
ei a ce f he c e f c ica i , e b i i g, a i i g,
i c di g c i g f he c e f da a, ei he da agi g, de e i g, de e i a i g, a e i g
di ec , h gh acce a d e f a c e e i g c e da a ga ,
e i di ec , h gh he e f e ec ic e ec ic d c e , e ec ic da a
ea e d i g a i g de ice , a he a e e age, i h igh a h i , i c di g
i e ha he c ica i i cc i g. he i d ci a i i f i e .
Se ice ide 5. Mi e f De ice
I efe (1) a b ic i ae e i ha a. The e, d ci , a e,

ide e f i e ice he abi i c e e ,i a i , di ib i ,
c ica e b ea f a c e e he i e a i g a ai ab e, i h
a d (2) a he e i ha ce e e igh , f:
c e da a beha f f ch c ica i
e ice e f ch e ice. A de ice, i c di g a c e
g a , de ig ed ada ed
Page 307 of 354

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i ai f he e f b. Ac f i g i g c e da a
c i i g a f he ffe e hich i he d c f c e-
de hi Ac ; e a ed f ge a de ied he ei , f he
e f e e ai gafa d e
A c e a d, acce di h e de ig .
c de, i i a da a b hich he
h e a a fac e 2. C e - e a ed Fa d U a h i ed
e i ca ab e f bei g i ,a e ai , de e i fc e da a
acce ed i h i e ha i be ga i e fe e ce i he f c i i g
ed f he e f f a c e e , ca i g da age
c i i g a f he ffe e he eb ihfa d e i e .
de hi Ac .
If da age ha e bee ca ed, he e a
a. The e i f a i e efe ed i ab e ha be e (1) deg ee e.
ab e i h i e e aid de ice
f he e fc i i g a f 3. C e - e a ed Ide i Thef I e i a
he ffe e de hi ec i . ac i ii , e, i e, a fe ,
e i , a eai de e i f
6. C be - a i g ac i i i f a d ai ide if i g i f a i be gi g a he ,
a e e he i e e i bad fai h fi , he he a a idica , i h igh .
i ead, de e a i , a d de i e
he f egi e i g he a e, if ch a If da age ha e bee ca ed, he e a
d ai a e i : i ab e ha be e (1) deg ee e.
a. Si i a , ide ica , cf i g C e - ela ed ffe e

i ia a e i i g ade a
1. C be e Wi f e gage e ,
egi e ed ih he a ia e
ai e a ce, c , e a i , di ec
g e e age c a he i e f he
i di ec , f a a ci i e hibi i f
d ai a e egi ai ;
e a ga e a ac i i , i h he aid
b. Ide ica i a a i i a i h he f a c e e , f fa
a e f a e he ha he c ide a i .
egi a , i ca e f a e a a e; 2. Chi d P ga h he a f
a d hibi ed ac de ied a d i hab e b
Re b ic Ac N . 9775 he A i-Chi d
c. Ac i ed ih igh ih
P g a h Ac f 2009, c i ed h gh
i e ec a e i ee i i.
ac e e .
C e - ela ed ffe e Tha he e a be i ed ha be e (1)
deg ee highe ha ha ided f i
1. C e - e a ed F ge
Re b ic Ac N . 9775.
a. I , a eai , de e i f a 3. [UNCONSTITUTIONAL] U ici ed
c e da a i h igh e i gi C e cia C ica i The
i a he ic da a i h he i e ha i be a i i f c e cia e ec ic
c ide ed ac ed f ega c ica i i h he e f c e
e a if i e e a he ic, e hich ee ad e i e, e , ffe
ega d e he he he da a i f ae d c a d e ice a e hibi ed
di ec eadab e a d i e igib e; e :
Page 308 of 354

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a. The e i i affi ai ec e f The S e e C i he ca e f Di ini .

he eci ie ; Sec e a of J ice, G.R. No. 203335,
2014) dec a ed ha hi i i
b. The i a i e f he
e a i e aidi g abe i g a d a e i
c ica i i f e ice a d/
he c i i f c be c i e a a id a d
ad i i a i e a ce e f
c i i a i eai :
he e de i e i i g e ,
b c ibe c e ; a. I ega Acce
c. The f i gc di i ae e e : b. I ega I e ce i
The c e cia e ec ic c. Da a I e fe e ce
c ica i c ai a
d. S e I e fe e ce
i e, a id, a d e iab e a
f he eci ie e ec . e. Mi e f De ice
ecei f f he c e cia f. C be S a i g
e ec ic e age ( - )
f he a e ce; g. C e - e a ed F ge
h. C e - e a ed F a d
The c e cia e ec ic
c ica i d e i. C e - e a ed Ide i Thef
e di g i e he ce j. C be e
f he e ec ic e age; a d
HOWEVER, he i i i c ide ed
The c e cia e ec ic id a d c i i a i eai
c ica i d e chi d ga h a d i e ibe .
e i c de i eadi g
i f ai i a a f he 2. A e i he C i i f C be c i e
e age i de i d ce he a e h i f a e c i
eci ie ead he e age. a f he ffe e e e a ed i hi Ac
ha be he d iab e.
4. Libe he a f hibi ed ac f
ibe a defi ed i A ic e 355 f he Re i ed III. Jurisdiction
Pe a C de, a a e ded, c i ed
h gh a c e e a he The Regi a T ia C ha ha e i dic i
i ia ea hich a be de i ed i he e a i ai f he i i f hi Ac .
f e. i c di g a i ai c i ed b a Fili i
a i al ega dle f he lace f
I e ai e i e ibe a a id a d c i i .
c i i a i h e ec he igi a a h f
he ; b id a d c i i a ih J i dic i ha ie if a f he e e e a
e ec he h i ecei e he a d c i ed i hi he Phi i i e c i ed
eac i. i h he e f a c e e h
b. O he ffe e (Sec. 5) a i a ed i he c , he b ch
c i i a da age i ca ed a a a
1. Aidi g Abe i g i he C i i f idica e h , a he i e he ffe e a
C be c i e a e h i f abe c i ed, a i he Phi i i e . (Sec. 21)
aid i he c i i f a f he
ffe e e e a ed i hi Ac ha be he d IV. Other relevant rules
iab e. The e a f e deg ee highe ha ha
ided f b he RPC a d ecia a ha be
i ed a ci e de RPC a d ecia
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a if c i ed b , h gh a d i h he e f TOPIC OUTLINE UNDER THE SYLLABUS:

i f ai a d c ica i ech gie
ha be c e ed b he e e a i i f hi III. SPECIAL PENAL LAWS
Ac . (Sec. 6)
V. ANTI-CHILD PORNOGRAPHY ACT OF 2009
A e ide ce c ed i h a a id a a (RA 9775)
be d he a h i f he a e ha be
i ad i ible f a ceedi g bef e a 1. Defi i i f e (Sec. 3)
c ib a . (Sec. 18)
2. P hibi ed ac (Sec. 4)
A ee a i e ai a i e
i e ai a c eai i ci i a a e ,
3. S dica ed chi d g a h (Sec. 5)
a a ge e ag eed he ba i f if
eci ca egi a i , a d d e ic a , he
4. O he e e a e
ide e e ib e f he e f
i e iga i ceedi g c ce i g c i i a
ffe e e a ed c e e a d da a,
f he c ec i f e ide ce i e ec ic f
f a c i i a , ffe e ha be gi e f f ce a d
effec . (Sec. 22)
Ca e d : X a cha ged i h ibe af e

e di g ibe e ai he ffice fC A
a d Y. I aid e ai , he ai ed g ie a ce ab
he e f a ce f Y a chai a f C A. She
a g ed ha b ica i , e f he e e e f
ibe a e e a d ha e ai i g d e
c i e b ica i de A ic e 355 f he
RPC. Si ce he i f a i did a ege ha he
e ai e e acce ed b he e , he e
c d be b ica i . La , X a eged ha he
e he e ai a i aec ica i fC
A i h g d fai h a d i he e f a ce f a ega
d . A e X e ai c e ed de A ic e 355 f
he RPC?
Whe he e ai i g i fficie b ic
a e i ed b A ic e 353 a d 355 f he
RPC a d he A i-C be c i e La , i a
a e f defe e ha h d be e
ai ed d i g ia . Whi e g ie a ce ,
cha e ed h gh e b ic
a h i ie , ha a deg ee f ec ed
f eed f eech. The c e a d e e
f ha ec i ca be g ded i
ab ac i . The fac f he ca e eed
be e b e ide ce. (Dio . People,
G.R. No. 208146, 2016)
-e d f ic -
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V. ANTI-CHILD PORNOGRAPHY ACT OF h i e gaged i i e e e ed a

2009 (RA 9775) bei g e gaged i e ici e a ac i i ,
a a di e e e ai ha
ad ca e , e c age c e a
Child e a ac i i i h chi d e hich i a
I efe a e be 18 e, b i ffe e de hi Ac ; a d
ab e f a e ca e f hi e f/he e f f Wi e e a e ia ha ad ca e
ab e, eg ec , c e , e iai c e e ici e a ac i i ih a
di c i i a i beca e f a h ica e a chi d a d h e d i a cha ac e i ic
di abi i c di i . i he de c i i , f a e a e,
f a e ici e a ac i i i h a chi d.
I ha a efe b. A c e :
a. A e ega d e f age h i I i c de e e e a i fa e h i ,
e e ed, de ic ed a ed a a chi d; a ea be, i e e e ed a bei g a
a d, chi d, he d i a cha ac e i ic f hich i
b. C e -ge e a ed, digi a a a he de ic i , f a e a e, f:
c af ed i age g a hic f a e h he e a ga he a a egi , a
i e e e ed h i ade a ea e e e ai he e f; a d
be a chi d. he b ea , a e e e ai f he
b ea , f a fe a e e .
Child ga h
I efe a e e e ai f a chi d e gaged II. Prohibited acts
i ed i ea i a ed e ici e a I ha be a f f a e :
ac i i ie . a. T hi e, e , e, e ade, i d ce
c e ce a chi d ef i he c ea i
E lici e al ac i i d ci fa f f chi d ga h
Thi e i c de ac a i a ed b. T d ce, di ec , a fac e c ea e
a. e a i ec e a ci i ac a f f chi d ga h .
i c di g, b i i ed , c ac i i g c. T b i h, ffe , a i , e , di ib e,
ge i a ge i a , a ge i a , a a b adca , ad e i e, e, e
ge i a , a a a , he he be ee i a f f chi d ga h
e f he a e ie e ; d. T e a f f chi d ga h
b. be ia i ; i h he i e e , di ib e, b i h,
c. a ba i ; b adca .
d. adi ic a chi ic ab e; e. Wi f a di e i a idi g a e e
e. a ci i e hibi i f he ge i a , f he c i i f hibi ed ac .
b c , b ea , bic a ea a d/ a ; f. Di ib i fa f f chi d ga h
f. e fa b ec i e f a ci i b fi di ib , hea e a d
ac e ec ica i c a ie , b
he e e i c eai ih he
Child ga h a e ial e i ie .
I efe he ea a d e h d b hich chi d g. A i i g i a f f chi d ga h b
g a h i ca ied : a ae g a dia .
a. A f : h. E gagi g i i g g i g.
Vi a de ic i i age f ea i. E gagi g i a de i g f a f f chi d
chi d e b a digi a i age , c e ga h .
i age c e -ge e a ed i age ; j. Wi f acce a f f chi d ga h ;
A di e e e a i fa e h i
i e e e ed a bei g a chi d a d
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k. T c ie c i a f he hibi ed V. Other relevant rules

ac a ed i hi ec i . C i ac
D ie f a I e e Se ice P ide (ISP)
c i a f f chi d g a h ha
A i e e ide (ISP ) ha if he
be c i ed he (2) e e
Phi i i e Na i a P ice (PNP) he Na i a
c e a ag ee e c ce i g he
B ea f I e iga i (NBI) i hi e e (7)
c i i fa f he aid hibi ed ac
da f b ai i g fac a d ci c a ce ha
a d decide c i i;a d
a f f chi d g a h i bei g c i ed
l. P e i f a f f chi d
i gi e e faci i fa e , b c ibe ,
g a h . (Sec. 4)
c e, he c e fa c ica i
fa ch e
The e i f h ee (3) e a ic e f
chi d ga h f he a e f ha be
P ided, ha ISP ha be he d ci i iab e f
p ima facie e ide ce f he i e e ,
da age acc fa ice gi e i g d
di ib e, b i h, b adca
fai h i c ia ce i h hi ec i .
III. Syndicated child pornography
F he e, a ISP ha e e e ch
The c i e f chi d g a h i dee ed e ide ce f e f i e iga i a d
c i ed b a dica e if ca ied b a ec i b e e a a h i ie
g f h ee (3) e e c ii g
c fede a i g i h e a he . (Sec. 5) A ISP ha , he e e f e
a h i ie , f i h he a ic a f e h
IV. Disputable Presumption of Knowledge
gai ed a e ed gai acce a i e e
A a e / ea a d e e add e hich c ai a f f chi d
f he b i e e ab i h e ha if he ga h .
PNP he NBI i hi 7 da f b ai i g fac
a d ci c a ce ha chi d ga h i A ISP ha i a a ai ab e ech g ,
bei g c i ed i hei e i e . ga , f ae e e ha acce
a i a fa f f chi d ga h i
P ided ha b ic di a f a f f chi d be b c ed fi e ed.
g a h i hi hei e i e i a c c i e
e i f he edge f he a A ISP h ha i g , i f , a d
e / ea a d e e f he i e i a i a e he i i ha be b ec
b i e e ab i h e f he i a i f hi he e a ided de Sec i 15( ) f hi
Ac : Ac (Sec i 9)
P ided, f he , ha a di ab e e i
f edge b a e / ea a d Liabili f all e / ea a d
e e f he b i e e /le fb i e e abli h e
e ab i h e h d ea ab A a e / ea a d e e
ha a i a i f hi Ac i bei g c i ed i f he b i e e ab i h e ha if he
hei e i e . Ph de e e , i f ai PNP he NBI i hi e e (7) da f
ech g fe i a , c edi ca d c a ie b ai i g fac a d ci c a ce ha chi d
a d ba a d a e h ha di ec ga h i bei g c i ed i hei
edge f a f f chi d ga h e i e .
ac i i ie ha ha e he d e a
ec ed chi d ga h a e ia I h d be ed ha he b ic di a fa
a ac i he e a h i ie i hi e e f f chi d g a h i hi hei e i e i
(7) da f di c e he e f. a c cl i e e i f he edge f
he a e / ea a d e e
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f he b i e e ab i h e f he i a i i hi f -eigh (48) h f ecei i g he

f hi Ac . ice ha a f f chi d g a h i hi i g
i e e ha be c c i e e ide ce f i f
The e i di ab e e i f edge a di e i a i ai he e f.
ha a e / ea a d e e
f he b i e e ab i h e h d -e d f ic -
ea ab ha a i a i f hi Ac i
bei g c i ed i hei e i e .
Ph de e e , i f ai ech g
fe i a , c edi ca d c a ie a d ba III. SPECIAL PENAL LAWS
a d a e h ha di ec k ledge f
W. ANTI-PHOTO AND VIDEO VOYEURISM
a f f chi d ga h ac i i ie ha
ACT OF 2009 (RA 9995)
ha e he d e a ec ed chi d
ga h a e ia a ac i he 1. Defi i i f e (Sec. 3)
e a h i ie i hi e e (7) da f
di c e he e f. 2. P hibi ed ac (Sec. 4)
A i f a d i e i a i ai f hi
i i ha be b ec he e a ided
de Sec i 15( ) (Sec. 10)
D ie f a I e e C e H
A i e e c e h ha
a. N h a f f chi d ga h
i i e e add e ;
b. Wi hi e e (7) da , e he e e ce
fa f f chi d g a h ,a e a
he a ic a f he e ai ai i g,
h i g, di ib i g i a a e
c ib i g ch i e e add e , he
e a h i ie ; a d
c. P e e e ch e ide ce f e f
i e iga i a d ec i b ee a
a h i ie .
A i e e c e h ha , he e e
f e a h i ie , f i h he a ic a f
e h gai ed a e ed gai acce
a i e e add e ha c ai a f f chi d
ga h .
A i e e c e h h ha i g ,
i f a d i e i a i a e hi i i
ha be b ec he e a ided de
Sec i 15 ( ) f hi Ac :
P ided, Tha he fai e f he i e e c e

h e e a f f chi d ga h
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W. ANTI-PHOTO AND VIDEO VOYEURISM II. Prohibited acts

ACT OF 2009 (RA 9995)
A e h c i he f i g ha be
I. Definition of terms iab e f h ide e i :
a. B adca a. T ake h ide c e age f a e
g f e ef i g e a ac
I i a e b ic, b a ea , a i a i age
a i i a ac i i ca e a i age f
i h he i e ha i be ie ed b a e
he i a e a ea f a e / ch a he
e .
a ed de ga e c ad ge i a , bic
b. Ca e a ea, b c fe a e b ea ih he
c e f he e / i ed a d de
I ea ide a e, h g a h, fi , ec d b ci c a ce i hich he e /
a ea , b adca a i age ha /ha e a ea ab e e ec a i f
i ac ;
c. Ph ide e i
b. T c e d ce, ca e be
I efe he ac f a i g h ide c ied e d ced, ch h ide
c e age f a e g f e ec di g f e a ac a i i a ac i i
ef i g e a ac a i i a ac i i f ih ih c ide a i ;
ca i g a i age f he i a e a ea f a e
c. T ell di ib e, ca e be d
e ih he a e ' c e , de
di ib ed, ch h ide ec di g
ci c a ce i hich ch e / ha /ha e
f e a ac , he he i be he igi a , c
a ea ab e e ec a i f i ac , he ac f
e d ci he e f;
e i g, c i g, e d ci g, b adca i g,
ha i g, h i g e hibi i g he h ide d. T bli h b adca , ca e be
c e age ec di g f ch e a ac b i hed b adca , he he i i
i i a ac i i h gh VCD/DVD, i e e , b adca edia, h e hibi he
ce a h e a d i ia ea de ice h ide c e age ec di g f
ih he i e c e f he e / ch e a ac a i i a ac i i
i ed, i h a di g ha c e ec d h gh VCD/DVD, i e e , ce a h e
a e h ide c e age f a e a a d he i i a ea de ice.
gi e b ch e / . The hibi i de i e (b), (c) a d (d) ha
a i h a di g ha c e ec d
d. U de ci c a ce i hich a e ha
ake h ide c e age f he a e
a ea able e ec a i f i ac
a gi e b ch e / .
I efe ci c a ce i hich a ea ab e
-e d f ic -
e d be ie e ha he/ he c d di be i
i ac , i h bei g c ce ed ha a i age
a i a e a ea f he e a bei g ca ed;
ci c a ce i hich a ea ab e e
d be ie e ha a i a e a ea f he e
d be i ib e he b ic, ega d e f
he he ha e i i a b ic i a e ace.
(Sec. 3)
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TOPIC OUTLINE UNDER THE SYLLABUS: X. ANTI-SEXUAL HARASSMENT ACT OF

1995 (RA 7877)
I. Persons liable
X. ANTI-SEXUAL HARASSMENT ACT OF 1995 The f i g e ha be he d iab e:
(RA 7877)
a. P i ci a b di ec a ici a i ; a d,
1. Pe iab e
b. P i ci a b i d ce e a d i di e ab e
2. P i hab e ac (Sec. 3) c eai A e h di ec
i d ce a he c i a ac f e a
3. O he e e a e
ha a e a he ei defi ed, h
c e a e i he c i i he e f b
a he ih hich i d ha e
bee c i ed, ha a be he d iab e
de hi Ac . (Sec. 3)
II. Punishable acts

W , ed ca i ai i g- e a ed e a
ha a e i c i ed b a e e,
e ee, a age , e i , age f he
e e , eache , i c , fe , c ach,
ai , a he e h , ha i g
a h i , i fl e ce al a ce da c
e a he i a k ai i g ed ca i
e i e , de a d , e e he i e
e ie a e a fa f he he ,
ega d e f he he he de a d, e e
e ie e f b i i i acce ed b he
b ec f aid ac .
Se al ha a e i k- ela ed
e l e e i e
a. Se a fa i ade a a c di i :
i. F hi i g e e ;
ii. Re-e e c i ed
e e ;
iii. Ga i g i , fa ab e
c e ai , i i ege ; ,
iv. Ref a g a he e a fa e
i c a if i g he e ee hich d
di c i i a e de i e e e
i ie he i e ad e e
affec aid e ee;
b. Ac d i ai he e ee' igh
i i ege de e i i g ab a ; ,
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ATENEO CENTRAL
c. Ac d e i a i i ida i g, h i e, -e d f ic -
ffe i e e i e f he e ee.
(Sec. 3) TOPIC OUTLINE UNDER THE SYLLABUS:
Se al ha a e i ed ca i ai i g III. SPECIAL PENAL LAWS

e i e
Y. ANTI-TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS ACT OF
a. Agai e h i de he ca e, c d 2003 (RA 9208, AS AMENDED BY RA 10364)
e i i f he ffe de ;
1. Defi i i f e ;Ee e (Sec. 3)
b. Agai e h e ed ca i , ai i g,
a e ice hi hi i e ed 2. P i hab e ac (Sec. 4)
he ffe de ;
3. A e ed affic i g (Sec. 4-A)
c. Whe he e a fa i ade a c di i
he gi i g f a a i g g ade, he 4. Liabi i f acc ice ; acce ie
ga i g fh a d ch a hi , he (Sec . 4-B a d 4-C)
a e f a i e d, a a ce he
be efi , i i ege , c ide a i ; , 5. Ac ha e affic i g (Sec. 5)
d. Whe he e a ad a ce e i a 6. Q a ified affic i g (Sec. 6)

i i ida i g, h i e ffe i e e i e
f he de , ai ee a e ice. (Sec. 7. I i ia i a d ec i f ca e
3) (Sec. 8)
III. Other relevant rules 8. P e c i i e e i d (Sec. 12)

I i e e ia ha he de a d, e e
9. O he e e a e
e i e e be ade a a c di i f c i ed
e e f i a highe ii .
I i e gh ha he e de ac e i
c ea i g a i i ida i g, h i e ffe i e
e i e f he e ee. (Domingo .
Ra ala, G.R. No. 155831, 2008)
U de RA 7877, a ac f e a ha a e a
e i a c i i a ac i he ei he acc ed i
ec ed f a gc i ed agai cie
i ef he S a e h e a he he i a ed.
Se a ha a e a defi ed a d e a i ed
de Re b ic Ac N . 7877 e i e h ee
ee e f a acc ed be c ic ed: (1) ha
he acc ed ha a h i , i f e ce, a-
a ce da c e a he ; (2) he a h i ,
i f e ce, a a ce da c e i i a -
e a ed, ai i g- e a ed, ed ca i - e a ed
e i e , a d (3) he acc ed h ha
a h i , i f e ce, a -a ce da c e
a he a e a de a d, e e ,
e ie e f a e a fa . (E cando .
People, G.R. No. 211962, J l 06, 2020.)
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Y. ANTI-TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS ACT OF I l a Se i de

2003 (RA 9208, AS AMENDED BY RA
10364) A c di i f e f ced a d c e ice
i d ced b ea fa che e, a a e ,
I. Definition of terms i e ded ca e a e be ie e ha if he
Child he did e e i c i e i ch
c di i , he he a he e d
I efe a e be eigh ee (18) ea f ffe e i ha he f f ab e
age e h i e eigh ee (18) b i ab e h ica e ai , h ea f ab e ha ,
f a e ca e f ec hi e f/he e f f c e ci i c di g de i i g acce a e
ab e, eg ec , c e , e iai , d c e a d i hh di g a a ie , he ab e
di c i i a i beca e f a h ica e a h ea e ed ab e f he ega ce . (Sec. 3)
di abi i c di i .
Se T i
T afficki g i e
A ga ga i ed b a e a d i -
Ele e e a ed e ab i h e a d i di id a hich
c i f i ac age ac i i ie , i i i g
1. Rec i e , a ai , a fe a d ffe i g e c a d e a e ice a
ha b i g, ecei f e ; e ice e f i . Thi i c de e a
2. Wi h ih he ic i c e e ice a d ac ice ffe ed d i g e a d
edge; ec ea i ei d f e be f he i i a .
(Sec. 3)
3. Wi hi ac ai a b de ;
4. B ea f h ea e f f ce, he Se al E l iai
f f c e ci , abd c i , f a d,
Pa ici a i b a e i i i ,
dece i , ab e f e f ii ,
ga h he d ci f ga h ,i
a i g ad a age f he e abi i f he
e cha ge f e , fi a he
e , , he gi i g ecei i g f
c ide a i he e he a ici a i i ca ed
a e be efi achie e he c e
faci i a ed b a ea f i i ida i
f a e ha i g c e a he
h ea , e f f ce, he f f c e ci ,
e ;a d
abd c i , f a d, dece i , deb b dage,
5. F he e f e iai hich ab e f e f ii f ega ce ,
i c de a a i i , he e iai a i g ad a age f he e abi i f he
he i i f he he f f e , gi i g ecei i g f a e
e a e i a i , f ced ab e ice , be efi achie e he c e f a e
a e , e i de he e a ae f ha i g c e a he e ; i e a
ga . i ec e a ci i c d c ca ed
faci i a ed b a ea a ided i hi Ac .
The ec i e , a ai , a fe ,
(Sec. 3)
ha b i g ecei f a chi d f he e f
e iai ha a be c ide ed a Deb B dage
affic i g i e e e if i d e i e
a f he ea e f h i he ecedi g Refe he edgi g b he deb f hi /he
a ag a h. (Sec. 3) e a e ice ab h e f a e
de hi /he c a ec i a e f a
deb , he he e g h a d a e f e ice i
c ea defi ed he he a e f he
Page 317 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
e ice a ea ab a e ed i a ied g. T ad faci i a e he ad i f e

a d he i ida i f he deb . (Sec. 3) f he e f i i , ga h ,
e a e i a i , f ced ab , a e ,
II. Punishable acts i a e i de deb b dage;
I ha be a f f a e , a a
h. T ec i , hi e, ad , a , a fe ,
idica , c i a f he f i g ac :
b ai , ha b , ai ai , ide, ffe ,
a. T ec i , b ai , hi e, ide, ffe , ecei e abd c a e , b ea f
a , a fe , ai ai , ha b , h ea e f f ce, f a d, decei , i e ce,
ecei e a e b a ea , i c di g c e ci , i i ida i f he e f
h e d e de he e e f d e ic e a a e f ga f aid e ;
e ea e e ai i g
i. T ec i , a , b ai , a fe , ha b ,
a e ice hi , f he e f
ai ai , ffe , hi e, ide, ecei e
i i , ga h , e a
ad a chi d e gage i a ed ac i i ie i
e iai ;
he Phi i i e ab ad;
b. T i d ce a ch f e , fi ,
j. T ec i , a , a fe , ha b , b ai ,
a e ia , ec ic he c ide a i ,
ai ai , ffe , hi e, ide ecei e a
a e , a ided f de
e b ea defi ed i Sec i 3 f hi
Re b ic Ac N . 6955, a Fi i i a
Ac f e f f ced ab , a e ,
a f eig a i a, f a iage f he
deb b dage a d i a e i de,
e f ac i i g, b i g, ffe i g, e i g
i c di g a che e, a , a e
adi g hi /he e gage i i i ,
i e ded ca e he e ei he :
ga h , e a e i a i , f ced
ab , a e , i a e i de deb i. T be ie e ha if he e did
b dage; ef ch ab e ice , he
he a he e d ffe
c. T ffe c ac a iage, ea
ei ha h ica e ai ;
i a ed, f he e f ac i i g,
b i g, ffe i g, e i g, adi g he ii. T ab e h ea e he e f a
e gage i i i , ga h , e a he ega ce e ; a d
e i a i , f ced ab a e ,
i a e i de deb b dage; k. T ec i , a , ha b , b ai , a fe ,
ai ai , hi e, ffe , ide, ad
d. T de a e ga i e a d a e ecei e a chi d f e fe iai
a c i i g f i ac age adi g he , i c di g b i i ed , he
ac i i ie f he e f ii i g a d ac f ba i g a d/ e i g a chi d f a
ffe i g e f i i , c ide a i f ba e f e f
ga h e a e iai ; e i a i . T affic i g f e f
e iai f chi d e ha i c de:
e. T ai ai hi e a e e gage i
i i ga h ; i. A f f a e ac ice i i a
a e ,i a e i de, deb
f. T ad e b a f f
b dage a d f ced ab , i c di g
c ide a i f e iai e e
ec i e f chi d e f e i
faci i a e he a e f e f
a ed c f ic ;
i i , ga h , e a
e iai , f ced ab , a e , ii. The e, c i g ffe i g f a
i a e i de deb b dage; chi d f i i ,f he d ci
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f ga h , f g a hic ifica i f he chi d ae ega

ef a ce ; g a dia ;
iii. The e, c i g ffe i g f a chi d b. E ec i g, f a c ide a i , a affida i f

f he d c i a d affic i g f d g ; c e a i e c e f ad i ;
a d
c. Rec i i g a a bea a chi d f he
iv. The e, c i g ffe i g f a chi d e f e i g he chi d;
f i ega ac i i ie hich, b i
a e he ci c a ce i hich i i d. Si a i g a bi h f he e f e i g
ca ied ,i i e ha hei hea h, he chi d; a d
afe a ;a d
e. S ici i g a chi d a d ac i i g he c d
l. T ga i e di ec he e he e f h gh a ea f a g
c i he ffe e defi ed a ac f h i a , c i ic , e ie , da ca e
affic i g de hi Ac . (Sec. 4) ce e , ef gee e ac a i ce e , a d
-i c e fa i ie , f he e f
Pe al e i g he chi d. (Sec. 4-A)
A e f dg i fc i i ga f he Pe al
ac e e a ed ab e ha ffe he e a f
i i e f e (20) ea a d a fi e f A e f dg i fc i i ga f he
e ha P1,000,000.00 b e ha ac e e a ed ab e ha ffe he e a f
P2,000,000.00. (Sec. 10(a)) i i e f fif ee (15) ea a d a fi e f
e ha P500,000.00 b e ha
III. Attempted trafficking P1,000,000.00. (Sec. 10 (b))
Whe e he e a e ac i i ia e he IV. Liability of accomplices; accessories
c i i f a affic i g ffe e b he
ffe de failed did e ec e all he Acc lice
ele e f he c i e, b accide b ea
Wh e e i g aid , abe , c e a e i he
f e ca e he ha l a
e ec i f he ffe e b e i
de i a ce, ch e ac ha be dee ed a
i a e ac defi ed i hi Ac ha be
a a e c i a ac f affic i g i
i hed i h i i e f fif ee (15) ea
e .A ch, a a e c i a f he
a d a fi e f e ha P500,000.00 b
ffe e e e a ed i Sec i 4 f hi Ac
e ha P1,000,000.00. (Sec. 10 (c))
hall c i e a e ed afficki g i
e . Acce ie
Whe e ic i i a child Wh e e ha he edge f he c i i
f he c i e, a d ih ha i g a ici a ed
A f he f i g ac ha a be dee ed a
he ei , ei he a i ci a a acc ice ,
a e ed afficki g i e he e ic i
a e a i i c i i i a f he f i g
i a chi d:
a e :
a. Faci i a i g he a e f a chi d h a e
a. B fi i g he e e a i i g he
a e a f eig c e i ih
ffe de fi b he effec f he c i e;
a id ea he ef a d ih he
e i ed c ea a ce e i f he b. B c cea i g de i g he b d f he
De a e f S cia We fa e a d ci e effec i e he e f, i
De e e , a i e e i de e e i di c e ;
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ATENEO CENTRAL
c. B ha b i g, c cea i g a i i g i he i e ai a a d ca ai , e i ia
e ca e f he i ci a f he c i e, ided b da ie a d ea h ae i
he acce ac i h ab e f hi he e i f i ed, a e ed
b ic f c i i be habi a fa d e a e d c e f he e
g i f e he c i e. f i g affic i gi e ;
Acce ie ha ffe he e a f f. T c fi ca e, c cea , de he

i i e f fif ee (15) ea a d a fi e f a , a e d c e , e a
e ha i i e f fif ee (15) ea d c e be gi g f affic ed
a d a fi e f e ha P500,000.00 b e i f he a ce f affic i g
e ha P1,000,000.00. (Sec. 10(d)) e e he f ea i g he c
ee i g ed e f he g e e
V. Acts that promote trafficking a ia e age cie ;
The f i g ac hich e faci i a e
g. T i g be efi f , fi a cia
affic i g i e , ha be a f :
he i e, a e e f, he ab
a. T i g ea e b ea e, e a e ice f a e he d a c di i f
be ed a h e, b i di g i a e i de, f ced ab ,
e ab i h e f he e f i g a e .
affic i g i e ;
h. T a e i h, de , ca e he
b. T d ce, i a d i e di ib e
de ci f e ide ce, i f e ce
i ed, a e ed fa e c ei g
a e i f e ce i e e , i a
ce ifica e , egi a i ic e , e ea
i e iga i ec i f a ca e de
e e ce ifica e he ce ifica e
hi Ac ;
f a g e e age c hich i e
he e ce ifica e , deca a d ch he i. T de , c cea , e e, c fi ca e
a e a f f c ia ce ih e , a e de , c cea ,
g e e eg a a d e-de a e e e, c fi ca e e , a ac a
e ie e f he e f i g ed a he a e,
affic i g i e ; i ig a i i g e i d c e ,
a he ac a ed g e e
c. T ad e i e, b i h, i , b adca
ide ifica i , f a e i de
di ib e, ca e he ad e i e e ,
e e e ic , a e e e
b ica i , i i g, b adca i g
e ic , i h a f a h i , he e
di ib i b a ea , i c di g he e
ibe e a e i de ai ai
fi f ai ech g a d he i e e , f
he ab e ice f ha e ;
a b ch e, f e , a aga da
a e ia ha e affic i g i e ; j. T i i e hi he ffice i ede he
i e iga i , ec i e ec i f
d. T a i i he c d c f i e e e a i
a f de i a ca e de hi Ac . (Sec.
fa d f e f faci i a i g he
5)
ac i i i f c ea a ce a d ece a e i
d c e f g e e age cie ha Pe al
ae a da ed ide e-de a e
egi a i a d e ice f de a i g A e f dg i fc i i ga f he
e f he e f i g ac e e a ed ab e ha ffe he e a f
affic i g i e ; i i e f fif ee (15) ea a d a fi e f
e ha P500,000.00 b e ha
e. T faci i a e, a i he i he e i a d P1,000,000.00. (Sec. 10 (d))
e f e f / he c a
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VI. Qualified trafficking ca i g he e iai e e f

affic i g. (Sec. 6)
The f i g ae c ide ed a a ified
affic i g: Pe al
a. Whe he affic ed e i a chi d; A e f d g i f a ified affic i g
ha ffe he e a f ife i i e a da
b. Whe he ad i i effec ed h gh
fi e f e ha P2,000,000.00 b e
Re b ic Ac N . 8043, he i e a
ha P5,000,000.00. (Sec. 10 (d))
he I e -C Ad i Ac f 1995 a d
aid ad i i f he e f VII. Initiation and prosecution of cases
i i , ga h , e a
e iai , f ced ab , a e , I i ia i fi e iga i
i a e i de deb b dage;
La e f ce e age cie a e a da ed
c. Whe he c i e i c i ed b a dica e, i edia e i i ia e i e iga i a d c e-
i a ge ca e. affic i g-i e ige ce ga he i g ecei f
ae e affida i f ic i f affic i g,
T affic i g i dee ed c i ed b a dica e ig a e , hei fa i ie h ae i
if ca ied b a g f h ee (3) e e i f edge i f ai ab
e c ii g c fede a i g i h e affic i g i e ca e .
a he . I i dee ed c i ed i a ge ca e if
c i ed agai h ee (3) e e , P ec i f ca e
i di id a a ag ;
A e h ha e a edge f he
d. Whe he ffe de i a e, a c i i f a ffe e de hi Ac , ch
a ce da , a e , ib i g, g a dia a a he affic ed e , he a e , e,
e h e e ci e a h i e he ib i g , chi d e ega g a dia a fi e a
affic ed e he he ffe e i c ai f affic i g.
c i ed b a b ic ffice e ee;
Affida i f de i a ce
e. Whe he affic ed e i ec i ed
Ca e i i g affic i g i e h ld
e gage i i i ih a e be f
be di i ed ba ed he affida i f
he i i a a e f ce e age cie ;
de i a ce e ec ed b he ic i hei
f. Whe he ffe de i a e be f he ae ega g a dia . P b ic a d i a e
iia a e f ce e age cie ; ec a e di ec ed e a d a ife
b ec i i f di i a . (Sec. 8)
g. Whe b ea cca i f he ac f
affic i g i e , he ffe ded a VIII. Prescriptive period
die , bec e i a e, ffe iai T affic i g ca e de hi Ac ha e c ibe i
i aff ic ed i h H a I deficie c e (10) ea .
Vi (HIV) he Ac i ed I e
Deficie c S d e (AIDS); T affic i g ca e c i ed b a dica e i
a a ge ca e, agai a chi d, ha e c ibe i
h. Whe he ffe de c i e e e (20) ea .
i ai f Sec i 4 e a ei d f i
(60) e da , he he h e da a e The e c i i e e i d ha c e ce
c i ;a d f he da hich he afficked e i
deli e ed elea ed f he c di i f
i. Whe he ffe de di ec h gh b dage, i he ca e f a child ic i , f
a he a age he affic i g ic i i
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ATENEO CENTRAL
he da he child eache he age f aj i , La i, A i g a d Re a ag ha e c i ed

a d ha be i e ed b he fi i g f he a d c fede a ed i h e a he ec i a d
c ai i f a i a d ha c e ce ace L i a f i Ma a ia i h a POEA
agai he he ceedi g e i ae ice e. The h ee e e e f dica ed i ega
ih he acc ed bei g c ic ed ac i ed ec i e a e e e i hi ca e:
ae ifiab ed f a ea
i ab e he acc ed. (Sec. 12) 1. The acc ed ha e a id ice e
a h i e i ed b a a f e gage
IX. Other relevant rules i ec i e a d ace e f e ;
Legal ec i 2. The acc ed e gaged i ec i e a d
ace b ac a ec i i g, de i g, a d
T affic ed e ha be e a i ed f
a i g L i a Ma a ia; a d,
a f ac c i ed a a di ec e
i cide , i -e a i bei g affic ed 3. I ega ec i e a c i ed b h ee
e e a ed i hi ac . I hi ega d, he c e e ,c ii g a d c fede a i g i h
f a affic ed e he i e ded e iai e a he .
e f h i hi Ac ha be i ee a .
People . Ca io, G.R. No. 211465, 2014
Vic i f affic i g f e f i i
a defi ed de Sec i 4 f hi Ac a e A I f ai a fi ed agai X, cha gi g he
c e ed b A ic e 202 f he Re i ed Pe a C de f i a i g R.A. 9208 Sec. 4(a), a ified b Sec.
a d a ch, ha be ec ed, fi ed, 6(a). The I f ai ae ha : X, ih
he i e e a i ed de he aid a . (Sec. 17) de ibe a e i e , i h i e gai , did he a d
he e hi e a d/ ec i Y, a i , 17 ea d
I ele a ce f a e al beha i
a dZf he e f i i a d e a
The a e a beha i he e a e i a i , b ac i g a hei c e f
edi ii f a affic ed e ha be diffe e c e ,f e , fi , a he
c ide ed i ad i ib e i e ide ce f he c ide a i . The acc ed, X, e ified ha hi e
e f i g c e f he ic i he a a i g ide, e a ed he if
e gage i e a beha i , e he e e e a ed A, b he e ied
edi ii , e a he i e, f a affic ed ha he e a ce ai Y. The e aid
e . ha he e e ac a i g f Y, ga e he a
iece f a e i h a be i , a d d he
Ca e e Y b i gc a i . Whe X a i ed h e,
he c ac ed Y. Y c i ced he c e
People . Lalli, G.R. No. 195419, 2011 beca e a eged , he d be gi e e b
he a e . The RTC f d X g i be d
Gi e he b ad defi i i f ec i e a d
ea ab e d b . The C f A ea i e i e
ace e , e e he e e ac f efe i g
affi ed he a e. X a g ed ha Y ad i ed
e e f ace e ab ad ca be
he ha he a a ead e gaged i i i ,
c ide ed ec i e . S ch ac f efe a , i
a d he ef e ed X c c de ha Y a
c i a ce i h e e ih he e i i e
edi ed ha i g e ih c e f
a h i POEA ice e, c i e i ega
e . Ca X a g e e?
ec i e . I i i e e , i ega
ec i e i c i ed b e h , ih
N . U de Sec. 3(a) f R.A. 9208,
a h i f he g e e , gi e he
affic i g i e ca i be
i e i ha he ha e he e e d
c i ed e e if ic i gi e c e .
e ab ad f e e e .
The ic i c e i e de ed
ea i g e d e c e ci e, ab i e,
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ATENEO CENTRAL
dece i e ea e ed b 3. The e f affic i g i c de " he

e e a f h a affic i g. R.A. e iai he i i f he
9208 f he defi e ha a ifie he he f f e a e i a i , f ced
c i e f affic i g i e ,a d e f ab e ice , a e , e i de he
he i he affic ed e i a chi d. e a a e f ga [.]"
The c i e ha bee c a ed f
he ee a ac i i.e. ha He e, Y a cha ged i h ha i g i a ed
ici a i f e a d ha d i g e f a ified affic i g i e a i Sec i 4 (e) f
he b e a ead c a ed Re b ic Ac N . 9208, hich ide ha i i
he ac . a f f a e ai ai hi e a e
e gage i i i ga h .
People of he Philippine . Nanc La aca
Rami e , G.R. No. 217978, 2019 The c he d ha he ic i c e i
e de ed ea i g e d e he c e ci e,
Office X e de c e i a KTV Ba he e ab i e, dece i e ea e ed b
i i a a a .Ya ached ffice X e e a f h a - affic i g. E e ih
a d ffe ed ecia e ice be gi e b Z i he e f c e ci e, ab i e, dece i e ea ,
e cha ge f e . Z a a i . Office X a i c e i gi e f hi he
acce ed he ag ee e a d hai ed a cab f Z f ee i . Y ad a age f he e abi i
a d hi e f head a e . Bef e a i i g i f Z a a i . Z ac ie ce ce he
he e Z a ed f he a e i e cha ge a ac i ca be a a id defe e.
f he ecia e ice hich Office X c ied
i h, h e e h af e he a ed he a i San iago, J . San o . People, G.R. No.
a d i d ced hi e f a a Office . He 213760, 2019
e bac he KTV Ba a d a e ed Y. I he
defe e f, Y he c ai ed ha Z ha gi e The RTC f d X f he c i e f affic i g i
c e c d c he i e ac i he ef e e i hed de Sec i 4(a) f A i-
ab i g he f iabi i . I Y i g i ? T affic i g i Pe , gi i g c ede ce he
e i f A, h X ec i ed ha e e i h
Ye . U de Re b ic Ac N . 10364, he Z, h a de ig a ed a a c fide ia ice
ee e f affic i g i e ha e bee a e , f P500. The CA affi ed he c ic i f
e a ded i c de he f i g ac : X. X a g e ha he ec i fai ed e
hi g i be d ea ab e d b a Z, he
1. The ac f " ec i e , b ai i g, hi i g, c fide ia i f a a ab e gi e a
idi g, ffe i g, a ai , e i , h ai i g d b he he
a fe , ai ai i g, ha b i g, eii e ffe ed A Z. I X a g e
ecei f e ih ih he e ab e?
ic i ' c e edge, i hi
ac a i a b de N . The C de ied X c e i . The
2. The ea ed i c de "b ea f e i f he c fide ia i f a i
h ea , e f f ce, he f f i di e ab e i he c i e f
c e ci , abd c i , f a d, dece i , affic i g i e . Nei he i hi
ab e f e f ii , a i g ide i ee a . I i fficie ha he
ad a age f he e abi i f he acc ed ha ed, e iced, e gaged
e , , he gi i g ecei i g f i ic i a ed he f he
a e be efi achie e he e ab i hed e f e iai ,
c e fa e ha i g c e hich a fficie h b he
a he e affic ed e ' e i a e.
-e d f ic -
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TOPIC OUTLINE UNDER THE SYLLABUS: Z. ANTI-VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND

THEIR CHILDREN ACT OF 2004 (RA 9262)
Z. ANTI-VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND Vi le ce agai e a d hei child e
THEIR CHILDREN ACT OF 2004 (RA 9262)
I efe a ac a e ie f ac c i ed
1. Defi i i f e ;Ee e (Sec. 3) b a e
2. P i hab e ac (Sec. 5) a. agai a a h i hi ife, f e

ife, agai a a ih h he
3. Ba e ed W a S d e (Sec. 26)
e ha had a e a da i g
4. O he e e a e ea i hi , ih h he ha a c
chi d;
b. agai he child he he egi i a e

i egi i a e, i hi ih he fa i
ab de,
hich e i i i e e i h ica ,
e a, ch gica ha ffe i g,
ec ic ab e i c di g h ea f ch ac ,
ba e , a a , c e ci , ha a e a bi a
de i a i f ibe . I i c de , b i i i ed
, he f i g ac :
a. Ph ical i le ce efe ac ha i c de
b di h ica ha ;
b. Se al i le ce efe a ac hich i
e a i a e, c i ed agai a
a he chi d. I i c de , b i
i i ed :
a e, e a ha a e , ac f
a ci i e , ea i g a a he
chi d a a e b ec , a i g
de ea i g a d e a gge i e
e a , h ica a ac i g he e a
a f he ic i b d , f ci g
he /hi a ch b ce e b ica i
a d i dece h f ci g he
a he chi d d i dece ac
a d/ a e fi he e f, f ci g he
ife a d i e / e i e i he
c ga h e ee ge he i he
a e i h he ab e ;
ac ca i g a e i g ca e he
ic i e gage i a e a ac i i
b f ce, h ea f f ce, h ica
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ATENEO CENTRAL
he ha h ea f h ica he Ba e
ha c e ci ;
I efe a ac f i f ic i g h ica ha
P i i g he a chi d. he a he chi d e i g he h ica
a d ch gica e i a di e .
c. P ch l gical i le ce efe ac
i i ca i g likel ca e Ba e ed W a S d e
e al e i al ffe i g f he
ic i ch a b i i ed i i ida i , I efe a cie ifica defi ed a e f
ha a e , a i g, da age e , ch gica a d beha i a f di
b ic idic e h i ia i , e ea ed e ba e i i g i ba e i g e a i hi a a e
ab e a d a i a i fide i . fc a i e ab e.
I i c de ca i g a i g he ic i S alki g
i e he h ica , e a ch gica
I efe a i e i a ac c i ed b a
ab e f a e be f he fa i hich he
e h , i g a d ih a f
ic i be g , i e ga h i a
ifica i f he a he chi d
f i e ab i e i e
ace he a he chi d de ei a ce
a f a ed de i a i f he igh
di ec i di ec a c bi a i he e f.
c d a d/ i iai fc chi d e .
Da i g ela i hi
d. Ec ic ab e efe ac ha ake
a e ake a a fi a ciall I efe a i ai he ei he a ie li e a
de e de hich i c de , b i i i ed h ba d a d ife ih he be efi f
he f i g: a iage ae a icall i l ed e
i e a d a c i i g ba i d i g he
Wi hd a a f fi a cia
c e f he e a i hi .
e e i g he ic i f e gagi g i
a egi i a e fe i , cc a i , A ca a ac ai a ce di a cia i a i
b i e ac i i , e ce i ca e be ee i di id a i a b i e cia
he ei he he e/ a e c e i a da i g e a i hi .
b ec a id, e i a d a
g d a defi ed i A ic e 73 f he Se al ela i
Fa i C de;
I efe a i gle e al ac hich a a
De i a i h ea f de i a i f e i he bea i g f a c chi d.
fi a cia e ce a d he igh he
e a d e e f he c ga , Child e
c i e ed i
I efe h e be eigh ee (18) ea f age
c ;
de b a e i ca ab e f a i g ca e f
De i gh eh d e ; he e e a defi ed de Re b ic Ac N .
7610. Thi e i c de he bi gica chi d e f
C i g he ic i e he ic i a d he chi d e de he ca e. (Sec.
e ie e c i g he 3)
c ga e e ie .
II. Punishable acts
The c i e f i e ce agai e a d hei
chi d e i c i ed h gh a f he f i g
ac :
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ATENEO CENTRAL
a. Ca i g h ica ha he a he g. Ca i g a e i g ca e he a
chi d; he chi d e gage i a e a ac i i
hich d e c i e a e, b f ce
b. Th ea e i g ca e he a he chi d h ea f f ce, h ica ha , h gh
h ica ha ; i i ida i di ec ed agai he a
he chi d he /hi i edia e fa i ;
c. A e i g ca e he a he chi d
h ica ha ; h. E gagi g i ef , i g, ec e
c d c, e a h gh a he , ha
d. P aci g he a he chi d i fea f
aa ca e b a ia e i a
i i e h ica ha ;
ch gica di e he a he
e. A e i g c e c e i g he chi d. Thi ha i c de, b be i i ed ,
a he chi d e gage i c d c he f i g ac :
hich he a he chi d ha he igh
Sa i g f i g he a he
de i f de i f c d c hich he
chi d i b ic i a e ace ;
a he chi d ha he igh e gage
i , a e i g e ic e ic i g he Pee i g i he i d i ge i g
a he chi d f eed f e e ide he e ide ce f he a
c d c b f ce h ea f f ce, he chi d;
h ica he ha h ea f h ica
he ha , i i ida i di ec ed E ei g e ai i g i he d e i g
agai he a chi d. Thi ha he e f he a he
i c de, b i i ed , he f i g ac chi d agai he /hi i ;
c i ed i h he e effec f
c i g e ic i g he a he De i g he e a d e a
chi d e e c d c: be gi g i f ic i g ha a i a
e f he a he chi d; a d
Th ea e i g de i e ac a
de i i g he a he chi d f E gagi g i a f f ha a e
c d he /hi fa i ; i e ce;
De i i g h ea e i g de i e he i. Ca i g e a e i a a g i h, b ic
a he chi d e f fi a cia idic e h i ia i he a he
ega d e he he fa i , chi d, i c di g, b i i ed , e ea ed
de ibe a e idi g he a e ba a d e i a ab e, a d de ia f
chi d e i fficie fi a cia ; fi a cia c d f i chi d e
f acce he a chi d/chi d e .
De i i g h ea e i g de i e he (Sec. 5)
a he chi d f a ega igh ;
III. Battered woman syndrome
P e e i g he a i e gagi g i
C cle f i le ce
a egi i a e fe i , cc a i ,
b i e ac i i c i g he a. Te i b i di g ha e;
ic i 4e e ie ,
e c i g he c ga b. Ac e ba e i g i cide ; a d
c e , e ie ;
c. Ta i, i g ha e ( - i e ha e).
f. I f ic i g h ea e i g i f ic h ica (People . Geno a, G.R. No. 1395981,
ha e ef f he e f 2004)
c i g he ac i deci i ;
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Cha ac e i ic f he d e he a e e e i e ce f ch e a i hi
be ee he ffe de a d he ic i he he
a. The a be ie e ha he i e ce a h ica ha a c i ed. C e e ,
he fa ; he C ca de a f he a a e i
i Ang a d gi e c ede ce eii e' a e i
b. She ha a i abi i ace he
ha he ac f i e ce h d be d e he
e ibi i f he i e ce e e he e;
e a da i g e a i hi . (Dabalo . RTC,
c. She fea f he ife a d/ he chi d e B anch 59, Angele Ci , G.R. No. 193960, 2013)
ife; a d
Whi e he aid i i ide ha he
d. She ha a i a i a be ief ha he ab e i ffe de be e a ed c ec ed he ic i b
i e e a d i cie . a iage, f e a iage, a e a da i g
ea i hi , i d e ec de he a ica i
Ba e ed a d e a a defe e f he i ci e f c i ac de he RPC.
He ce, a e -i - a a be i hed de
Vic i - i h aef d b he c he aid a . (Go-Tan . Tan, G.R. No. 168852,
be ffe i g f ba e ed a d ed 2008)
i c a c i i al a d ci il liabili
i h a di g he ab e ce f a f he Ca e
ele e f j if i g ci c a ce f e f-
defe e de he Re i ed Pe a C de. Pa lo . Mendenilla, G.R. No. 181489, 2017
I he de e i a i f he a e f i d f he AA fi ed a C ai -Affida i agai Xf igh

a h a ffe i g f ba e ed a h ica i ie . S b e e , fi ed a A e ded
d e a he i e f he c i i f he C ai -Affida i i c de a ea e i
c i e, he c ha be a i ed b e e ea i he A i-VAWC La a a g d. The
chia i / ch gi . (Sec. 26) A i a P ec di i ed beca e he
fai ed b a ia e he a ega i . BB ( he
IV. Other relevant rules f AA) fi ed i he e c f AA be efi ,
a i g f he i a ce f a Te a
W e a be he d iab e de he a f
P ec i O de Pe a e P ec i O de
e bia e a i hi . (Ba a ga P ec i O de
de he A i-VAWC La . BB added ha he
RA 9262: A P i e . De a e f I ei a d
had bee a a e f he da gh e ' dea a d ha
L ca G e e , Na i a Ba a ga
he da gh e a ad i ed S . Ag e Ge e a
O eai Office, 2004.)
H ia f i ie b e b X a eged ac f
N ab , hi e i i e i ed ha he ffe de ha i e ce. X fi ed O ib M i a i g f he
had a e a da i g e a i hi i h he di i a f BB' e i i a egi g ha he did
ffe ded a , f RA 9262 be a icab e, i e a ecei ed i . H e e , he c
i i di e ab e ha he ac f i e ce be a di i ed hi c ai f he ea ha
c e e ce f ch e a i hi . N he e i b i ed ffice beca e he i f
he a ca ch i i a i be i fe ed. He ce, he c . Did BB e gage i f h i gb
a i g he e a c ci ha fi i g a e i i f he i a ce f a ec i
he he a d e di i g i h, ei he h d de af e a c i i a c ai de he A i-
he c , he , c ea , he i hab e ac efe VAWC La a di i ed b he ec ?
a ac f i e ce agai e ih h
NO. I de i g e i i e ' O ib
he ffe de ha had a e a da i g
M i , J dge CC ed ha BB had
ea i hi . A c ec ed b he RTC, i i
e ai fi e a e i i f he
i a e ia he he he e a i hi had cea ed
i a ce f a ec i de be efi
f a g a he e i fficie e ide ce h i g
he da gh e . I a e a ed ha BB
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ATENEO CENTRAL
did e gage i f h i g de i e TOPIC OUTLINE UNDER THE SYLLABUS:

he ec ' i di i a f a
ci i a c ai fi ed b AA agai III. SPECIAL PENAL LAWS
eii e f igh h ica i ie a d
a ea e i ea i he A i- AA. SPECIAL PROTECTION OF CHILDREN
VAWC La . Fi a , i a e ab i hed AGAINST ABUSE, EXPLOITATION, AND
ha i dic i e eii e' e DISCRIMINATION ACT (RA 7610, AS
a e ac i ed h gh AMENDED BY RA 7658 AND RA 9231)
b i ed e ice.
The he f a ic i f ac f i e ce agai
2. P i hab e ac (Sec . 5 a d 10)
e a d hei chi d e i e e gi e
e ai fi e a e i i f he i a ce f a 3. O he e e a e
ec i de b Sec i 9(b) f he A i-VAWC
La . H e e , he igh f a he a d f he
e e i ed i Sec i 9 fi e ch a
eii i e ded he he ic i ha fi ed a
eii f he e f. Ne e he e , i hi ca e,
e de BB fi ed he eii af e he
da gh e ' c ai -affida i had a ead bee
di i ed.
Th , i Rep blic . Yahon, he C he d ha

PGMC a be de ed a a ica ded c a
i f he e i e e be efi f i
e be - eci ie f di ec e i a ce he
a e ' ega ea a db a f i
c ia ce i h a ec i de i ed b he
ia c , a he i i f Re b ic
Ac N . 9262 (RA 9262) he A i-Vi e ce
agai W e a d Thei Chi d e Ac f 2004.
The C dec a ed he ei ha RA 9262 hich
i a ecia a ; a a e e ac e ; a
e f ce e egi a i ; a d e ha add e e
e f f i e ce, hich i ec ic ab e
agai e a d chi d e h d be
c ed a a i g d a e ce i he
ge e a e ha e i e e be efi a e e e
f e ec i . The C he ei ed ha RA
9262 i e f e ici a h i e he c de
he i hh di g f a e ce age f he i c e
aa f he defe da e de b he
e e , hich ha be e i ed di ec he
ai iff c ai a he a he
c a i h a di g. (Pen ion and G a i
Managemen Cen e . AAA, G.R. No. 201292,
2018)
-e d f ic -
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AA. SPECIAL PROTECTION OF CHILDREN c. Li i g i fe di g f he e e i he

AGAINST ABUSE, EXPLOITATION, AND ee f ba a a ea ih he
DISCRIMINATION ACT (RA 7610, AS ca e f a e a g a dia ba ic
AMENDED BY RA 7658 AND RA 9231) e ice eeded f a g d a i f ife;
I. Definition of terms d. Bei g a e be f a i dige c a
c i a d/ i i g de c di i f
Child e
e e e e i a a ea hich i
I efe e be eigh ee (18) ea f de de e ed a d/ ac ha
age OR h e e b a e ab e f a e i ade a e acce ba ic e ice eeded
ca e f he e e ec he e e f f ag d ai f ife;
ab e, eg ec , c e , e iai e. Bei g a ic i f a a - ade a a
di c i i a i beca e f a h ica e a di a e ca a i ;
di abi i c di i ;.
f. Ci c a ce a a g h e
Child ab e ab e a ed hich e da ge he ife, afe
a de e e f chi d e . (Sec. 3)
I efe he a ea e , he he habi a
, f he chi d hich i c de a f he II. Punishable acts
f i g: Child i i a d he e al ab e
Chi d e , he he a e fe a e, h f e ,
a. P ch gica a d h ica ab e, eg ec , fi , a he c ide a i d e he
c e , e a ab e a d e i a c e ci i f e ce f a ad , dica e
a ea e ; g ,i d ge i e a i e c e a ci i
c d c (Sec. 5)
b. A ac b deed d hich deba e ,
deg ade de ea he i i ic ha d Pe liable:
dig i f a chi d a a h a bei g;
a. Th e h e gage i e,
c. U ea ab e de i a i f hi ba ic eed facili a e i d ce chi d i i hich
f i a , ch a f d a d he e ; i c de, b a e i i ed , he f i g:
d. Fai e i edia e gi e edica 1. Ac i g a a c e f a chi d
ea e a i ed chi d e i g i i e;
ei i ai e f hi g h a d
2. I d ci g a e be a c ie fa
de e e i hi e a e i ca aci
chi d i eb ea f i e
dea h.
a ad e i e e he i i a
Ci c a ce hich g a el h ea e ea ;
e da ge he i al a d al 3. Ta i g ad a age f i f e ce
de el e f child e ea i hi c e a chi d a
i e;
Thi i c de, b ae i i ed , he f i g:
4. Th ea e i g i g i e ce ad
a. Bei g i a c i he e he e i a ed
a chi d e gage hi a a i e;
c f ic bei g affec ed b a ed c f ic -
e a ed ac i i ie ;
5. Gi i g ea c ide a i g d
b. W i g de c di i ha a d ife,
he ec ia be efi a chi d
afe a d a hich d i e fe e
ih i e e gage ch chi d i
i h hei a de e e ;
i i . (Sec. 5 (a))
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Ele e f e al ab e de Sec. 5 (a) Ele e f e al ab e de Sec. 5(b)

1. The acc ed e gage i , e , 1. The acc ed c i he ac f e a
faci i a e i d ce chi d i i ; i ec e a ci i c d c;
2. The ac i d e h gh, b i i ed , 2. The aid ac i ef ed i h a chi d
he f i g ea : e i ed i i i b ec ed he
a. ac i g a a c e f a chi d e a ab e; a d
i e; 3. The chi d, he he a e fe a e, i be
b. i d ci g a e be a c ie fa 18 ea f age. (Ga inga ao . People, G.R.
chi d i eb ea f i e No. 192769, 2011)
a ad e i e e he i i a F c e a e a i ec e
ea ; a ci i c d c ih a i , h i
c. a i g ad a age f i f e ce e i ed i i i , h fa i hi he
ea i hi c e a chi d a a ie f Sec i 5(b) f R.A. N . 7610,
i e; " e a i , i d ce e , e ice e
c e ci " f he chi d be e e .
d. h ea e i g i g i e ce ad
(People . Co of Appeal , G.R. No.
a chi d e gage hi a a i e;
171863, 2008)
e. gi i g ea c ide a i , g d Vi a i f Sec i 5(b), A ic e III f RA 7610

he ec ia be efi a chi d a d a e a e e a a e a d di i c c i e .
ih i e e gage ch chi d i The a e e a a e a d di i c c i e .
i i ; Th , e i i e ca be he d iab e f
i ai f Sec i 5(b), A ic e III f RA 7610
3. he chi d i e i ed i e ded be de i e a fi di g ha he did c i a e.
e i ed i i i ;a d (Mal o . People, G.R. No. 164733, 2007)
4. he chi d, he he ae fe a e, i be
U de Sec i 5(b), A ic e III f RA 761012 i
18 ea f age. (People . D la , G.R. No.
ea i RA 8353, if he ic i f e a
193854, 2012)
ab e14 i be 12 ea f age, he
Se a ab e de Sec. 5(a) e e ia ffe de h d be ec ed f e a
i he ac e ai i g c ec ed i h ab e b f a a e de A ic e
chi d i i . I c e ae e a 266-A(1)(d) f he Re i ed Pe a C de15
ab e f a chi d e i ed i i i . I a d e a i ed i h ec i e e a.
he d , de Sec. 5(a), he chi d i
ab ed i a i f fi . O he he ha d, if he ic i i 12 ea
de , he ffe de h d be cha ged i h
b. Th e h c i he ac f e al
ei he e a ab e17 de Sec i 5(b) f
i ec e f la ci i c d c ih a
RA 7610 a e de A ic e 266-A (e ce
chi d e i ed i i i b ec
a ag a h 1[d]) f he Re i ed Pe a C de.
he e a ab e.
H e e , he ffe de ca be acc ed f
Whe ic i i de e e (12) ea b h c i e 18 f he a e ac beca e hi
f age, he e e a ha be igh agai d be e a d i be
ec ed de A ic e 335, a ag a h e diced. A e ca be b ec ed
3, f a e a d A ic e 336 f Ac N . ice c i i a iabi i f a i g e c i i a
3815, a a e ded, he Re i ed Pe a ac . (People . Aba , G.R. No. 177752, 2009)
C de, f a e a ci i c d c,a
he ca e a be. (Sec. 5(b))
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c. Th e h de i e fi ad a age 1. Beg e beggi g a a ea f

he ef , he he a a age e f i i g;
he e ab i h e he e he i i
2. Ac a c d i idd e e i d g
a e ace, f he a a, di c , ba ,
affic i g hi g;
e , ace f e e ai e
e ab i h e e i g a a c e hich 3. C d c a i ega ac i i ie
e gage i i i i addi i he III. Other relevant rules
ac i i f hich he ice e ha bee i ed
aid e ab i h e . (Sec. 5(c)) Ca e
O he ac f eglec , ab e, c el People . Udang, S . Se illa, G.R. No. 210161,

e l iai a d he c di i ej dicial 2018
he child' de el e
X a cha ged i h c f a e agai Y,
a. A e h ha c i a he ac h a he i e a a i , i Vi a i f A ic e
f chi d ab e, c e e iai be 266-A i e a i Sec. 5 (b) f R.A. 7610. X
e ib e f he c di i e dicia a ed 13- ea - d Y i hi h e hi e Y a
he chi d' de e e i c di g h e i ica ed, ce i Se 2003 a d agai
c e ed b A ic e 59 f P e ide ia Dec ee Dece be 2003. The RTC a d CA c ic ed X f
N . 603, a a e ded, b c e ed b he a e de A ic e 266-A(1) f he Re i ed Pe a
Re i ed Pe a C de, a a e ded C de, i ead f e a ab e de Sec i 5(b)
f Re b ic Ac N . 7610. I a i ci a ed ha
b. A e h ha ee ha e i hi hi e he a ega i i he fi a d ec d
c a a i , e e (12) ea de I f ai a i fied he e e e f a e de
h i e (10) ea e hi i i he fi a d hi d a ag a h f A ic e 266-A,
a b ic i a e ace, h e , e , bee e ec i e , he cha ge ca be e (1) f
i , di c he e, caba e , e i h e, a e de he fi a ag a h f A ic e 266-A
a a a age a , beach a d/ beca e a acc ed ca be ec ed ice
he i e i i a ace . f a i g e c i i a ac . Wa X c ec
Thi i i ha a a e h c ic ed f a e i hed de he fi
i e a ed i hi he f h deg ee f a ag a h f A ic e 266-A f he Re i ed Pe a
c a g i i affi i a b d C de?
ec g i ed b a , ca c a d adi i
ac i he e f a ce f a cia , a N , X a cha ged a d c ic ed f
ega d . i ai f Sec i 5 (b), A ic e III f RA
7610, a e. The ffe e f hich he
c. A e h ha i d ce, de i e ffe a c ic ed i i hed b a ecia
a i a e hibi ed b hi Ac a hi e a e i a fe de he
ee ha e i hi c a a i a Re i ed Pe a C de. The ha e diffe e
ided i he ecedi g a ag a h. e e e . The ae e aae a d
d. A e , e, a age e di i c c i e . Th , X ca be he d iab e
e ed i h he e a i fa b ic f i ai f Sec i 5 (b), A ic e III f
i a e ace f acc da i , he he f RA 7610 de i e a fi di g ha he did
cc a c , f d, d i he i e, c i a e. U i e a e, c e i
i c di g e ide ia ace , h a a i a e ia i ca e i i g i ai f
e a e a g i h hi ch ace Sec i 5, A ic e III f RA 7610.
ace a i he ei de c ibed.
e. A e h ha e, c e ce, f ce
i i ida e a ee chi d a he chi d ;
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Pe e . People, G.R. No. 201414, 2018 De e e (DSWD) e e e a i e, a ca e

a fi ed agai Xf c i i g chi d ab e i
X a f d g i be d ea ab e d b f i ai f RA 7610. Bei g f dg i b b h
i a i g Sec i 5 (b) f Re b ic Ac N . 7610. he ia c a d he a e a e c , X a ea ed.
The ec i a eged ha X c i ed chi d X a g e ha he e c e ed i fi di g he
ab e he he f ed i Yi he i che , g i beca e he chi d e e i ie ee
i ed he a e, d he ee ie , a d i c i e i h each he , e ide ci g ha he
i e ed hi fi ge i ide he agi a hi e e e c ached. A e i c i e cie i he
a hi g he b ea . The e e e f he ffe e e i f chi d e e gh ac i a e
af e e i ed a e: (1) he acc ed c i he f i a i g RA 7610?
ac f e a i ec e a ci i c d c;
(2) he aid ac i e f ed i h a chi d e i ed NO. Th gh he e ee e
i i i b ec ed he e a ab e; i c i e cie i he de ai f he
a d, (3) he chi d, he he ae fe a e, i ab e, hi d e de ac f he
be 18 ea f age. X c e d ha a i g e aci f hei e i ie . A he C
he c i e i c i ed, i h d be ac f f A ea c ec ed, he
a ci i e i ce he ec i a aigh f a d, ca did, a d i e id
ab e e he ec d e e e . I X iab e e ea i fYa dZi ec i ci g
f ac f a ci i e i ce a he a d a ib e c a ed he ea a d
ee e f chi d ab e de R.A. 7610 e e c b a ed defe e f X. C
e e ? e ec i i c i e cie he a
chi d- ic i a ae he de ai f a
N . Sec i 5 (b) f Re b ic Ac N . ha i g e e ie ce, e ecia he
7610 efe a ecifica i a he de ai a e ai f eca . S ch
h i iab e a d he e a be i c i e cie e ha he chi d-
i ed. The e h e gage i ic i a ehea ed, e ecia he
e a i ec e i h a chi d a ead he di c e a cie a e i de ai
c e ced i iab e. Chi d e h ae i ee a he e e e f he c i e,
i e i e c e ced i a ci i c d c a d h , ca be c ide ed a
a e dee ed be chi d e e i ed i g d f ac i a . Y a d Z
i i a d he e a ab e. e i ie fficie e ab i hed ha X
The ef e, a he e e e f he c i e c i ed h ica i e ce agai
ee e e . he . The a ida ed hei e i ie
ih e ide ified h de ic i g
Fe nande Medina . People, G.R. 217542,
he i ie he had ffe ed, f he
2018
c b a ed b hei edica ce ifica e .
X a he h e he e ed e he f Th , he e i fficie ba i c c de
chi d e Y a d Z. Whi e i he begi i g hei ha he e e e i g he h.
ea i hi a fi e, X e e a a ed
To e Sale a . People, G.R. No. 206627, 2017
i f ic i g ab e Y a d Z. X d bea he id ,
e ie i ch a d c i hei ea , ic he B, i h i e ha a d h i ia e, did he a d
a d hi he ih ai h eh d i e , a d he e, ab e, a a d hi A, a 14 ea d i
d f ce he ie ab h he ac i ed i h a T- hi hi i g hi ec a d h de a d
hei i ie . I a af e e ddi g f ca i g hi fa d he ai f he
hei eache ha Z di c ed he ab e, he a d ba a ga ha , he da age a d e dice f he
he b he Y e e ffe i g a he ha d f X. aid ic i i he a be ed d i g ia .
Thei eache e ed hi he i ci a h Ba ed he h ica e a i a i c d c ed b
he ca ed i a ba a ga c ci . Af e a D . Y, AA ai ed a c i . A i he ic i
i h a De a e f S cia We fa e a d
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a d B i he c e f A. I he e dice he he ca e. X c ai ha he ec i fai ed
de e e f he chi d ece a i i a i g e he i f ic i f h ica i ie he chi d,
Re b ic Ac N . 7610? a d ied i g i i e he
ec i Wi e Z. X a c ai ha he
NO, e dice he de e e f he ec i fai ed e he i f ic i f
chi d i a ece a e e e f he h ica i ie he chi d ha e diced he
c i eb c i e a he ac diffe e chi d de e e a e i ed b 10(a) f RA
he 3 he ac hich a e e e a ed i 7610. F he , X a e ha he h d ha e
he a e i i : chi d ab e, chi d bee cha ged i h igh h ica i ie de
c e a d chi d e a i . The ac f he RPC a d chi d ab e de RA 7610. I X
hi i g a chi d h ee (3) i e i he g i f chi d ab e i i a i f 10(a) f RA
ec i h a e - hi c i e chi d 7610?
ab e. The ic i , AA, a a chi d he
he i cide cc ed. Ye . A he i e f he h ica ab e, Y
a a chi d e i ed he ec i f
A ic e VI, Sec i 10(a) f Re b ic Ac RA 7610. U de A ic e 1, 3(b) f RA
N . 7610 i he h e 7610, h ica ab e, he he habi a
e e a ed de A ic e 59 f , c i e chi d ab e. The
P e ide ia Dec ee N . 603, b a e i ie f Y, Z, Y fa he , a d he
f di i c ac , i.e., (a) chi d ab e, (b) edica fi di g a he fac ha
chi d c e , (c) chi d e i a i a d (d) h ica ab e did cc . The SC he d
bei g e ib e f c di i ha 10(a) f RA 7610 i hed 4
e dicia he chi d' de e e . di i c ffe e hich a e (1) chi d
ab e, (2) chi d c e , (3) chi d
AA i e i ed ec i de
e i a i , a d (4) bei g e ib e f
Re b ic Ac N . 7610. F he , he e
he c di i e dicia he chi d
f " " i Sec i 10(a) f Re b ic Ac
de e e . The e e e ha ac
N . 7610 bef e he h a e "be
be e dicia he chi d de e e
e ib e f he c di i
e ai he f h ffe e.
e dicia he chi d' de e e "
e ha he e a e f i hab e Fi a , he SC di i g i he he fac a
ac he ei . Fi , he ac f chi d ab e; ci c a ce be ee hi ca e a d
ec d, chi d c e ; hi d, chi d ha f B ga Pe e, he e he
e iai ; a d f h, bei g B ga a e he ed b he
e ib e f c di i e dicia ec i e i i c f a fa he a d
he chi d' de e e . The f h a ed he i c ai a ef
e a i ed ac ca be i e e ed a a chee a d hi hi bac . I i a icab e
a if i g c di i f he h ee he i hi ca e beca e X a ea ed Y
ac , beca e a a a i f he e i e h gh e ea ed ac f h ica ab e.
c e f he e i ed i i d e I be e ed ha c i e i hed
a a ch c a. b RA 7610 a e a a hibi .I e
deba e, deg ade de ea he i
L cido . People, G.R. No. 217764, 2017
i e e ia e ab i h g i .
X a acc ed, a d c ic ed, f chi d ab e
People . T lagan, G.R. No. 227363, 2019
de 10(a) f RA 7610, he i e a
he S ecia P ec i f Chi d e agai Chi d I People . T lagan, he S e e C ade
Ab e, E iai a d Di c i i a i Ac . X ac ai f he e e e f a e de he
bea i h he e f a be , i ched a d RPC a d e a i e c e i h a chi d de
a g a ed Y, a 8- ea - d chi d aced de Sec i 5(b) f he Chi d Ab e La he e he
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ffe ded a i be ee 12 ea d a d be
18:
RAPE UNDER SECTION 5 (1) OF

ARTICLE 266-A (1) R.A. NO. 7610
(A, B, C) UNDER
THE RPC
1. Offe de i a a ; 1. Offe de i a a ;
2. Ca a edge 2. I d ge i e a
fa a ; i ec e iha
fe a e chi d
e i ed i
i i he
e a ab e, h
i 12 ea d
be 18 ab e
18 de ecia
ci c a ce ;
3. Th gh f ce, 3. C e ci
h ea i f e ce f a
i i ida i ; ad , dica e
he he g i e ed
ffe ded a i agai he chi d
de i ed f bec e a
ea i e.
he i e
c ci ;
a db ea f
fa d e
achi a i
g a e ab e f
a h i .
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In the same case, the Supreme Court made the following designation of crime and its penalty:
Age of Victim
U de 12 ea ld 12 ea ld bel 18, 18 ea ld
Crime Committed de e ed 18 de ecial a d ab e
ci c a ce
Ac f La ci i e La ci i c d c de N/A
Ac f
de A ic e 336 f he Sec i 5 (b) f R.A. N .
La ci i e
RPC i e a i Sec i 7610: ecl ion empo al i i
c i ed agai
5 (b) f R.A. N . edi ei d ecl ion
child e e l i ed i
7610: ecl ion pe pe a
i i he
empo al i i edi
e al ab e
ei d
Se a A a de La ci i C d c de N/A
Se al A a l A ic e 266-A (2) f he Sec i 5 (b) f R.A. N .
c i ed agai RPC i e a i Sec i 7610: ecl ion empo al i i
child e e l i ed i 5 (b) f R.A. N . edi ei d ecl ion
i i he 7610: ecl ion pe pe a
e al ab e empo al i i edi
ei d
Ra e de A ic e 266-A Se a Ab e 77 de N/A
Se al I e c e (1) f he RPC: ecl ion Sec i 5 (b) f R.A. N .
c i ed agai pe pe a, e ce he 7610: ecl ion empo al i i
child e e l i ed i he ic i i be 7 ea edi ei d ecl ion
i i he di hich ca e dea h pe pe a
e al ab e e a ha be i ed
76
Ra e de A ic e 266-A Ra e de A ic e 266-A (1) i Ra e de

(1) i e a i A . 266-B ea i A . 266-B f he A ic e 266-A
f he RPC: ecl ion RPC: ecl ion pe pe a (1) f he
Ra e b ca al
pe pe a, e ce he RPC: ecl ion
k ledge
he ic i i be 7 ea pe pe a
di hich ca e dea h
e a ha be i ed
Se a A a de La ci i C d c de Se a
A ic e 266-A (2) f he Sec i 5 (b) f R.A. N . A a de
RPC i e a i Sec i 7610: ecl ion empo al i i A ic e 266-A
Ra e b Se al
5 (b) f R.A. N . edi ei d ecl ion (2) f he
A a l
7610: ecl ion pe pe a RPC: p i ion
empo al i i edi ma o
ei d
-e d f ic -
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TOPIC OUTLINE UNDER THE SYLLABUS: BB. SAFE SPACES ACT (RA 11313)
Ca calli g
BB. SAFE SPACES ACT (RA 11313) I i a ed e a di ec ed ad a
e , c d e i he f f f-
1. Defi i i f e hi i g a d i g i ic, a h bic,
h h bic, a d e i ;
2. Ge de -ba ed ee a d b ic ace
e a ha a e E l ee
A e , h i e cha ge f e eai ,
3. Ge de -ba ed i e e a ha a e ag ee ef ecified e ice f a he
e , he he a a idica , a d he he
4. Q a ified ge de -ba ed ee , b ic i ae b ic, h e e ci e f da e a
ace a d i e e a ha a e c e he , ega d e f he e
d ai f ag ee e
5. Ge de -ba ed e a ha a e i he
ace F he e f hi a , a e h i
de ai ed a e i de a bc ac i g
6. Ge de -ba ed e a ha a e i ec d e ag ee e ha be c ide ed a
ed ca i a a d ai i g i i i e ee;
E l e
A e h e e ci e c e a e ee
F he e f hi Ac , he a
c di i f he a e ' e e
e gage e ha be di ega ded;
Ge de
I i a e f cia a c ibed cha ac e i ic ,
, e , a i de , a e a d e ec a i
ide if i g he cia beha i f e a d
e , a d he e a i be ee he ;
Ge de -ba ed li e e al ha a e
I i a i e c d c a ge ed a a a ic a
e ha ca e i e ca e a he
e a, e i a ch gica di e , a d
fea f e a afe , e a ha a e ac
i c di g a ed e a e a a d
c e , h ea , adi g ha i g f e'
h ih c e , ide a d a di
ec di g , c be a i g a d i e ide i hef ;
Ge de ide i a d/ e e i
I i he e a e e f ide i a
cha ac e i ed, a g he , b a e f
c hi g, i c i a i , a d beha i i e a i
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a c i e fe i i ec e i .A e a b. Ac ch a a i g ffe i e b d
ha e a a e fe a e ide i ih h i gica ge e a e e, a d e i g i ae
cha ac e i ic f he a f he e a g a ifica i f he
ie e , i hich ca e hi e i e e a i h he effec f de ea i g,
c ide ed a ge de ; ha a i g, h ea e i g i i ida i g he
ffe ded a i c di g f a hi g f i a e
P blic S ace a , b ic a ba i , g i g, a d
I efe ee a d a e , b ic a , i i a e d e a ac i ; a d,
ch , b i di g , a , ba , e a a , c. Ac ch a a i g, a d a f he ac
a ai e i a , b ic a e , ace e i ed i i e (a) a d (b), he
ed a e ac a i ce e , g e e ffice , acc a ied b chi g, i chi g
b ic i i ehic e a e a i a e ehic e b hi g agai he b d f he ffe ded
c e ed b a -ba ed a e e ice e ; a chi g, i chi g,
a d he ec ea i a ace ch a , b b hi g agai he ge i a ia, face, a ,
i i ed , ci e a ha , hea e a d a ; a d a , g i , b ea , i e high , face,
b c a a f he ic i b d e e
S alki g he acc a ied b ac e i ed i
I i c d c di ec ed a a e i i g he ie (a) a d (b).
e ea ed i a h ica i i , -
c e a c ica i , a c bi a i Place c e ed
he e f ha ca e i i e ca e a e S ee , b ic ace , e a a , ba ,
fea f e' afe he afe f he , ci e a , a , b i di g a d he i ae -
ffe e i a di e . (Sec. 3) ed ace a d i b ic i i ehic e (PUV )
II. Gender-based streets and public spaces III. Gender-based online sexual harassment
sexual harassment
Ac ha e i f ai a d c ica i
The f i g ac a e a f a d ha be ech g i e i i g a d i i ida i g ic i
e a i ed a f : h gh he f i g:
a. F ac ch a c i g, f- hi i g, a. h ica , ch gica , a d e i a
ca ca i g, ee i g a d i i e ga i g, h ea , a ed e a i g i ic,
a i g, i g, a ed i i a i , a h bic, h h bic a d e i
i g i ic, a h bic, h h bic, a d e a a d c e li e he he
e i , e i e a ed c e blicl h gh di ec a d i ae
e a ea a ce, e e e e e f e age ,
e e a de ai ch a a e, b. i a i f ic i i ac h gh
c ac a d cia edia de ai c be a i g a d i ce a e agi g;
de i a i , he e f d , ge e c. adi g a d ha i g i h he c e f
ac i ha idic e he ba i f e , he ic i , a f f edia ha c ai
ge de e a ie a i , ide i a d/ h , ice, ide ih e a c e ,
e e i i c di g e i , h h bic, a a h i ed ec di g a d ha i g f
a d a h bic a e e a d , he a f he ic i h , ide , a
e i e e i g f e a e , e f i f ai i e; ,
e a a e , c e a d de a d , d. i e a i g ide i ie f ic i i e
a d a ae e ha ha ade a i g ie ab ic i ha hei
i a i a e e a ace e ai , fi i g, fa e ab e e
h ea e he e e e f e a i e af i e ce ic i .
afe ;
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IV. Qualified gender-based streets, public he f f i f ai a d

spaces and online sexual harassment c ica i e ;
c. A c d c ha i ec e a d e a i e
The e a e highe i deg ee i be a ied
a d c ea e a i i ida i g, h i e
i he f i g ca e :
h i ia i g e i e f he eci ie .
a. If he ac a e ace i a c ca ie
PUV, i c di g, b i i ed , ee e ,
Tha he c i e f ge de -ba ed e a
a i , ic c e , a -ba ed a
ha a e a a be c i ed be ee
e ehic e e ice , he e he
ee a d h e c i ed a ei
e e a i he d i e f he ehic e a d
ffice b a b di a e, a eache b a
he ffe ded a i a a e ge ;
de , a ai e b a ai ee; a d
b. If he ffe ded a i a i , a e i
d. I f ai a d c ica i e
ci i e , a e i h di abi i (PWD),
efe a e f ge e a i g, e di g,
a b ea feedi g he i g he chi d;
ecei i g, i g he i e ce i g
c. If he ffe ded a i diag ed i h a
e ec ic da a e age e ec ic
e a b e e di g i ai c e ;
d c e a d i c de he c e
d. If he e e a i a e be f he
e he i i a de ice b i
if ed e ice , ch a he PNP a d
hich da a a e ec ded ed a d a
he A ed F ce f he Phi i i e (AFP),
ced e e a ed he ec di g age
a d he ac a e e a ed hi e he
f e ec ic da a e age e ec ic
e e a a i if ;a d
d c e .
e. If he ac a e ace i he e i e f a
g e e age c ffe i g f i e VI. Gender-based sexual harassment in
e ice he b ic a d he e e a i educational and training institutions
ag e e e ee.
A ch , he he b ic i a e, ha
de ig a e a ffice -i -cha ge ecei e
V. Gender-based sexual harassment in the c ai ega di g i a i f hi Ac , a d
workplace ha , e e ha he ic i ae ided i h a
The c i e f ge de -ba ed e a ha a e i ge de - e i i e e i e ha i b h
he ace i c de he f i g: e ec f he ic i eed a d c d ci e
a. A ac e ie f ac i i g a h- e i g.
e c e e a ad a ce , e e
de a d f e a fa a ac f E e ch ad a d b i h g ie a ce
e a a e, he he d e e ba , ced e faci i a e he fi i g f c ai b
h ica h gh he e f ech g de a d fac e be . E e if a
ch a e e agi g e ec ic ai i di id a d e a fi e a c ai
h gh a he f fi f ai a d d e e e ha he ch a e a ac i
c ica i e , ha ha c d beha f f a de fac e be a d
ha e a de i e a effec he c di i f ch a h i ie ha e edge ea ab
a i di id a e e ed ca i , b ab a ib e i e di g ac f
ef a ce i ie ; ge de -ba ed e a ha a e e a
b. A c d c f e a a e a d he i e ce, he ch h d i e iga e
c d c -ba ed e affec i g he dig i f de e i e he e aci f ch i f ai
a e , hich i e c e, edge a d he ci c a ce de hich
ea ab e, a d ffe i e he eci ie , he ac f ge de -ba ed e a ha a e
he he d e e ba , h ica h gh e a i e ce ee c i ed, a d a e
he e f ech g ch a e a ia e e e e he i a i .
e agi g e ec ic ai h gh a
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If a ch ea ab h d CC. DATA PRIVACY ACT (RA 10173)

ab ac f ge de -ba ed e a ha a e
e a i e ce bei g c i ed ha c ea e a
h ie e i e , he ch a e C e f he da a bjec
i edia e ac i e i i a e he a e ac , I efe a f ee gi e , ecific, i f ed
e e hei ec e ce, a d add e hei i dica i f i , he eb he da a b ec ag ee
effec . O ce a e e a i f d g i , he he c ec i a d ce i g f e a
ed ca i a i i i a e e e he igh i f a i ab a d/ e a i g hi he .
i he di af he e e a i ea
e i de . C e ha be e ide ced b i e , e ec ic
ec ded ea . I a a be gi e beha f
Liabili f de f he da a b ec b a age ecifica
Mi de h aef d ha e c i ed a h i ed b he da a b ec d .
ac f ge de -ba ed e a ha a e ha
be he d iab e f ad i i a i e a c i b Da a bjec
he ch a a ed i hei ch ha db . A i di id a h e e a i f ai i
ce ed
-e d f ic -
I f ai a dc ica i e
I efe a e f ge e a i g, e di g,
TOPIC OUTLINE UNDER THE SYLLABUS: ecei i g, i g he i e ce i g
e ec ic da a e age e ec ic
III. SPECIAL PENAL LAWS d c e a d i c de he c e e
he i i a de ice b hich da a i ec ded,
CC. DATA PRIVACY ACT (RA 10173) a i ed ed a d a ced e e a ed
he ec di g, a i i age f
1. Defi i i f e (Sec. 3) e ec ic da a, e ec ic e age, e ec ic
d c e .
2. Sc e fa ica i (Sec. 4)
Pe al i f ai
3. E ae i ia a ica i (Sec. 5) I i a i f ai he he ec ded i a
a e ia f ,f hich he ide i fa
4. P i hab e ac i di id a i a a e ca be ea ab a d
di ec a ce ai ed b he e i h di g he
i f ai , he ge he ih he
i f ai d di ec a d ce ai ide if
a i di id a .
Pe al i f ai c lle
I i a e ga i a i h c he
c ec i , h di g, ce i g e f e a
i f a i , i c di g a e ga i a i
h i c a he e ga i a i
c ec , h d, ce , e, a fe di c e
e a i f ai hi he beha f.
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The e e c de : e a i f ai c e a d ce
1. A e ga i a i h ef ch h , a h gh f d e ab i hed i he
f ci a i c ed b a he e Phi i i e , e e i e ha a e ca ed i he
ga i a i ; a d Phi i i e , h e h ai ai a ffice,
2. A i di id a h c ec , h d , ce e b a ch age c i he Phi i i e b ec he
e e a i f ai i c ec i i edia e cceedi g a ag a h.
i h he i di id a ' e a , fa i
h eh d aﬀai . Thi Ac d e a he f i g:
a. I f ai ab a i di id a h i
Pe al i f ai ce a a ffice e ee f a g e e
I i a a a idica e a i ed ac i i i ha e a e he ii
a ch de hi Ac h a e a f ci f he i di id a , i c di g:
i f ai c e a ce he 1. The fac ha he i di id a i a
ce i g f e a da a e ai i g a da a a ffice e ee f he
b ec . g e e i i i ;
2. The i e, b i e add e a d ffice
P i ileged i f ai ee h e be f he i di id a ;
I efe a a da f f da a hich de 3. The c a ifica i , a a a ge a d
he R e f C a d he e i e a e ibi i ie f he i i he d b
c i e i i eged c ica i . he i di id a ; a d
4. The a e f he i di id a a
Se i i e e al i f ai d c e e a ed b he i di id a
I efe e a i f ai : i he c e fe e i h he
a. Ab a i di id a ace, e h ic igi , g e e ;
aia a , age, c , a d e igi , b. I f a i ab a i di id a h i a
hi hica i ica affi ia i ; ef i g e ice de c ac f a
b. Ab a i di id a hea h, ed ca i , g e e i i i ha e a e he
ge e ic e a ife f a e , a e ice ef ed, i c di g he e f
ceedi g f a ffe e c i ed he c ac , a d he a e f he i di id a
a eged ha e bee c i ed b ch gi e i he c e f he e f a ce f
e , he di a f ch ceedi g , h e e ice ;
he e e ce f a c i ch c. I f ai eai g a di c e i a
ceedi g ; be efi f a fi a cia a e ch a he
c. I ed b g e e age cie ec ia g a i g f a ice e e i gi e b he
a i di id a hich i c de , b i i ed g e e a i di id a , i c di g he
, cia ec i be , e i c - a e f he i di id a a d he e ac a e
e hea h ec d , ice e i de ia , f he be efi ;
e i e ca i , a d a e ; d. Pe a i f ai ce ed f
a d a i ic, a i ic, i e a e ea ch
d. S ecifica e ab i hed b a e ec i e e ;
de a ac f C g e be e e. I f ai ece a i de ca
c a ified. he f c i f b ic a h i hich
i c de he ce i g f e a da a f
II. Scope he e f a ce b he i de e de , ce a
Thi a ie he ce i g f all e f e a a h i a d a e f ce e a d
e al i f ai a d a a al a d eg a age cie f hei c i i a
j idical e i l ed i e al a d a i a da ed f c i . N hi g
i f ai ce i g i c di g h e i hi Ac ha be c ed a ha e
a e ded e ea ed Re b ic Ac N .
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1405, he i e a he Sec ec f 2. The e a i f ai a

Ba De i Ac ; Re b ic Ac N . 6426, c ec ed he d b a e i i he
he i e a he F eig C e c Phi i i e . (Sec. 5)
De i Ac ; a d Re b ic Ac N . 9510,
he i e a he C edi I f ai IV. Punishable acts
S e Ac (CISA); The f i g ac ha be i hed:
f. I f ai ece a f ba a d he a. U a h i ed ce i g f e a
fi a cia i i i de he i dic i f i f ai a d e ii e e a
he i de e de , ce a ea a h i i f a i (Sec. 25)
Ba g Se a g Pi i i a c b. Acce i g e a i f ai a d
i h Re b ic Ac N . 9510, a d Re b ic e ii e e a i f ai d e
Ac N . 9160, a a e ded, he i e eg ige ce (Sec. 26)
a he A i-M e La de i g Ac a d he c. I e di a f e a i f ai
a icab e a ; a d a d e ii e e a i f ai
g. Pe a i f ai igi a c ec ed Pe h i g eg ige
f e ide f f eig i dic i i di e, di ca d aba d he e a
acc da ce i h he a f h e f eig i f ai f a i di id a i a a ea
i dic i , i c di g a a icab e da a acce ib e he b ic ha he i e
i ac a , hich i bei g ce ed i he aced he e a i f ai f a
Phi i i e . (Sec. 4) i di id a i i c ai e f a h c ec i
(Sec. 27)
III. Extraterritorial application
d. P ce i g f e a i f ai a d
Thi a ie a ac d e ac ice e gaged e ii e e a i f ai f
i a d ide f he Phi i i e b a e i if: a h i ed e (Sec. 28)
a. The ac , ac ice ce i g e a e e. U a h i ed acce i e i a b each
e a i f ai ab a Phi i i e Pe h i g a d a f ,
ci i e a e ide ; i a i g da a c fide ia i a d ec i
b. The e i ha a i i h he Phi i i e , a d da a e , b ea i a a i a
he e i i ce i g e a i f ai e he e e a a d e ii e
i he Phi i i e e e if he ce i g i e a i f ai i ed. (Sec. 29)
ide he Phi i i e a g a i i ab f. C cea e f ec i b eache i i g
Phi i i e ci i e e ide ch a , b e ii e e a i f ai Pe
i i ed , he f i g: h , af e ha i g edge f a ec i
1. A c ac i e e ed i he b each a d f he b iga i if he
Phi i i e ; C i i a Sec i 20(f),
2. A idica e i i c a ed i i e i a b i i c cea he fac
he Phi i i e b ha ce a f ch ec i b each (Sec. 30)
a age e a d c i he g. Ma ici di c e A e a
c ;a d i f ai c e e a
3. A e i ha ha a b a ch, age c , i f ai ce a fi fficia ,
ffice b idia i he Phi i i e e ee age , h , i h a ice i
a d he a e affi ia e f he bad fai h, di c e a a ed fa e
Phi i i e e i ha acce i f ai ea i e a e a
e a i f ai ;a d i f ai e a e ii ei f ai
c. The e i ha he i i he Phi i i e b ai ed b hi e (Sec. 31)
ch a , b i i ed : h. U a h i ed di c e A e a
1. The e i ca ie b i e i he i f ai c e e a
Phi i i e ; a d i f ai ce a fi fficia ,
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e ee age , h di c e a TOPIC OUTLINE UNDER THE SYLLABUS:

hi d a e a a d e ii e e a
i f ai c e ed b he i edia e III. SPECIAL PENAL LAWS
ecedi g ec i ih he c e f he
da a b ec (Sec. 32) N e: Thi ic i i c ded i he Li f
Re e a Ma e ia f S ecia Pe a La , b
V. Extent of liability e e i c ded de he ab f
he aid b ec .
If he ffe de i a/a
a. J idical e DD. INDETERMINATE SENTENCE LAW (ACT
The e a ha be i ed he 4103, AS AMENDED BY ACT NO. 4225 AND RA
e ib e ffice , a he ca e a be, 4225)
h a ici a ed i , b hei g
eg ige ce, a ed he c i i f 1. C ce
he c i e. The c a a e d
e ea f i igh de hi Ac . 2. Wh a e di a ified
b. Alie
3. Re ea e f i e a e
He he ha , i addi i he
e a ie he ei e c ibed, be de ed 4. Rea f fi i g he a i a d
ih f he ceedi g af e e i g i i e i he i de e i ae
he e a ie e c ibed. e e ce
c. P blic fficial
If he ffe de i a b ic fficia 5. O he e e a e
e ee a d ie he i f dg i f
ac e a i ed de Sec i 27 a d 28
f hi Ac , he he ha , i addi i
he e a ie e c ibed he ei , ffe
e e a e a ab e
di a ifica i f ffice, a he ca e
a be.
Whe he ffe de he e
e ib e f he ffe e i a b ic
ffice a defi ed i he Ad i i a i e
C de f he Phi i i e i he e e ci e f
hi he d ie , a acce e a
c i i g i he di a ifica i
cc b ic ffice f a e d b e he
e fc i i a e a i ed ha he
a ied. (Sec. 36)
C i ed i la ge cale
Whe he e a i f ai f a ea e
h d ed (100) e i ha ed, affec ed
i ed a he e f he ab e e i ed
ac i , he i a i f hi Ac i c ide ed
c i ed i a ge ca e. (Sec. 35)
-e d f ic -
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DD. INDETERMINATE SENTENCE LAW (ACT Ill s ra ion

4103, AS AMENDED BY ACT NO. 4225 CRIME PUNISHED UNDER RPC
AND RA 4225) Ca e: I a f a ed h icide ca e, he
I. Concept e a f hich i p i ion ma o i i
edi (gi e ha i i f a ed,
The I de e i a e Se e ce La ( ISL ) ide h i i e b e deg ee).
f a a i a d i i , i ead f a i g e NO i iga i g a d agg a a i g
fi ed e a . The i e be e e ced ci c a ce
i i e f a e i d hich i e ha
MAX P i ion ma o , edi
he a i a d e ha he i i . The
A he e i hi he a ge f
e i d be ee he i i a d a i i
MIN p i ion co eccional, bei g he
i de e i a e i he e e ha he i e a
e e ha p i ion ma o
be e e ed f e i g aid i de e i a e
Wi h ONE MITIGATING ci c a ce
ei di h e i a .
a d NO AGGRAVATING ci c a ce
F a i e be e igib e f a e, he MAX P i ion ma o , i i
e e he i i . A he e i hi he a ge f
MIN p i ion co eccional i h
The a d e i ai he e f he Chief efe e ce a fi ei d
E ec i e de he Ad i i a i e C de. Wi h ONE AGGRAVATING ci c a ce
MAX P i ion ma o , a i
If c i e i ba ed RPC
MAXIMUM e a : Wha i i ed i he RPC, MIN p i ion co eccional i h
c ide i g he dif i g ci c a ce . efe e ce a fi ei d
Wi h ONE PRIVILEGED MITIGATING
MINIMUM e a : O e DEGREE e f he TWO MITIGATING ci c a ce , NO
a i e a i ed i he RPC, i h AGGRAVATING ci c a ce
c ide i g he dif i g ci c a ce . MAX P i ion co eccional, edi
If c i e i ba ed SPL MIN
a e o ma o
MAXIMUM e a : Ma i e fi ed b he
a CRIME PUNISHED UNDER SPL
Ca e: A i c ic ed f i ega e i f
MINIMUM e a : A e i d, b e ha fi ea i hab e b 1 ea a d 1 da 8
he i i fi ed b he ecia a . ea fi i e .
H e e , if he ecia ad he e ca e Sha e ceed 8 ea a fi ed
MAX
f e a ie de he RPC, he de e i a i f b a
he i de e i a e e e ce i be ba ed i he Sha be e ha he
e a ied f h e ci e de he RPC. MIN i i e i d f 1 ea a d 1
(Cah logan . People, G.R. No. 225695, 2018) da a e c ibed b a
P e: T if a d edee a ab e h a
a e ia a d e e ece a a d e ce i e II. Who are disqualified
de i a i f ibe a d ec ic ef e The ISL ha a he f i g e :
(People . D co in, G.R. No. L-38332, 1933).
a. Se e ced ecl ion pe pe a ife
i i e dea h e a ;
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b. C ic ed f ea , c i ac D i g he e i d f ei a ce, he a ed
a c i ea ; i e ha :
c. C ic ed f i i i f ea , ebe i , a. Re e a e g e e
edi i e i age; fficia he a e ffice a i ed b
d. C ic ed f i ac ; he B a d;
e. Habi a de i e ; b. Sh hi ef be a a -abidi g ci i e ;
a d,
f. E ca ed f c fi e e a a i e,
e aded e e ce; c. Sha i aea a .
g. G a ed i h c di i a ad b he The B a d a i i hi e ide ce a d cha ge i

P e ide , b i a ed he e he e f; f i e i e.
h. Ma i e f i i e ac a The fi al ce ifica e f elea e ha i e ONLY

i ed d e e ceed e (1) ea ; if d i g he e i d f ei a ce, he a ed
i. Whe e a i he ha i e e ce i e cce f a i fie i e (b) a d (c) f
(e.g., de ie o e i ) hi d ie ab e- e i ed.
j. Pe de c fa he ca e; Vi la i fc di i f a le
k. Whe a ica i f ISL i be fa ab e Whe he a ed i e i ae a f he
he acc ed; c di i f hi a e:
l. Th e h a e a ead e e ced b fi a
a. The B a d a i ea de f hi a e
dg e he a a f ISL, e ce
hich a be e ed i a a f he
Sec. 5 (Re ea e f i e a e).
Phi i i e b a ice ffice ; a d,
III. Release of prisoner on parole
b. The i e ha e e he e ai i g
The B a d f I de e i a e Se e ce a
e i ed i f he a i e e ce
a h i e he e ea e f a i e a e,
igi a i ed hi , UNLESS he
ch e a d c di i a e c ibed,
B a d i g a hi a he a e.
af e he ha ha e e ed he i i e a
i ed hi , ided ha i ha a ea IV. Reasons for fixing the maximum and
he B a d f he e f he i e minimum terms in the indeterminate
a d c d c a d f d a d i e iga i sentence
ade b he B a d ha :
The i i a d a i e i he
a. S ch i e i fi ed b hi ai i g f I de e i a e Se e ce be fi ed, beca e
e ea e; he a e he ba i f he f i g:
b. The e i ea ab e babi i ha he i
a. E igibi i f a e I i he he ha
a d i e a d e ai a ibe ih
e ed he MINIMUM e a i ed
i a i g he a ; a d,
hi , a d de e i a i b he B a d
c. The e ea e i be i c a ib e i h he be fi f a e.
e fa e f cie .
b. De e i a i f he e e ce be i ed
E e if a i e ha a ead e ed he he he a ed i e i ae a f he
i i e a i ed, if he i fi f c di i f hi a e d i g he e i d f
e ea e a e, he ha c i e e i g hi ei a ce I ch ca e, he a be
e e ce i he e d f hi a i e . ea e ed e e he e ai i g e i ed
i f he MAXIMUM e e ce.
D f a led i e
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c. De e i a i f e i d he he i e i TOPIC OUTLINE UNDER THE SYLLABUS:

a i i ed E e if a i e ha
a ead e ed he MINIMUM, b he i III. SPECIAL PENAL LAWS
fi f e ea e he a e, he ha c i e
e e i he e d f he MAXIMUM e . N e: Thi ic i i c ded i he Li f
V. Other relevant rules e e i c ded de he ab f
he aid b ec .
A ic e III, Sec 19(1) f he 1987 C i i
hich a e ha A dea h e a a ead EE. PROBATION LAW (PD 968 AS AMENDED
i ed ha be ed ced ec i e e a BY PD 1257, BP 76, PD 1990 a d RA 10707)
d e cha ge he e i d f he e a
e c ibed b A ic e 248 f he RPC, e ce 1. Defi i i f e
i fa a i hibi he i ii f he dea h
e a a d ed ce i ec i e e a. The 2. Whe a ied f
a ge f he edi a d i i e a ie
3. G a /De ia f ba i ;C di i
e ai cha ged. (People . M o , G.R. No.
L-38969-70, 1989) 4. Di a ified ffe de
-e d f ic - 5. Pe i d f ba i
6. A e f ba i e
7. Te i ai f ba i
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EE. PROBATION LAW (PD 968 AS AMENDED Whe a dg e fc ic i i i ga -

BY PD 1257, BP 76, PD 1990 and RA ba i ab e e a i a ea ed e ie ed,
10707) a d ch dg e i dified h gh he
i ii f a ba i ab e e a , he
defe da ha be a ed a f ba i
P ba i ba ed he dified deci i bef e ch
deci i bec e fi a . The a ica i f
P ba i i a ecia i i ege g a ed b he ba i ba ed he dified deci i ha be
ae a e ie a ified ffe de . I e e ia fi ed i he ia c he e he dg e f
e ec a ea a d e c age a he i e c ic i i i ga - ba i ab e e a
e igib e c ic i edia e ad i hi iabi i a e de ed, i he ia c he e ch
a d a e he a e f i e, eff a d e e e ca e ha i ce bee e- aff ed. (Colina e .
e i a a ea . The a e e e ie People, G.R. No. 182748, 2011)
ha a acc ed ha e a ea ed hi
c ic i bef e he ca a ai f ba i . III. Grant/Denial of probation; Conditions
(F anci co . Co of Appeal , G.R. No. 108747,
R le a d effec f fili g a d g a /de ial f
1995)
a lica i f ba i
I i a di ii de hich a defe da , af e
a. Fi i g f a ica i f ba i eae
c ic i a d e e ce, i e ea ed b ec
a a ai e f he igh a ea .
c di i i ed b he c a d he
e i i fa ba i ffice . b. If he defe da ha e fec ed a a ea ,
a ica i i be g a ed.
P ba i e
c. Af e ha i g c ic ed a d e e ced a
defe da , he ia c a e d he
He i a e aced ba i .
e ec i f he e e ce, a d ace he
defe da ba i , a ica i b
P ba i ffice
he defe da i hi he e i d f e fec i g
He i a e h i e iga e f he c , a a ea .
a e a efe a f ba i , e i e a d. P ba i a be g a ed he he he
ba i e b h, a d e f he e a ed e e ce i e he e a f
d ie a di ec ed. i i e fi e .
II. When applied for e. The de g a i g de i g ba i

ha be a ea ab e i ce ba i i
a ab e igh .
P ba i i a ied f af e c ic i a d
e e ci g f a defe da f a ba i ab e f. Acce e a ie a e dee ed e ded
e a a d a lica i i hi he e i d ce ba i i g a ed.
f e fec i g a a ea .
g. The c ic i i edia e aced
ba i . The e ha be a i
Ge e al R le: A e fec ed a ea f he
i e iga i b he ba i ffice a d a
dg e f c ic i ba he g a f he
de e i a i b he c .
i i ege f ba i . The e edie f a ea
a d ba i ae a e ai e a d a
e c i e f each he .
E ce i : A ea f c ec i f a -
ba i ab e e a
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C di i fg a f ba i f. Th e h ha e e fec ed a a ea ;
The ba i e ha : g. Th e h e ec ic ed f d g affic i g
d g hi g de RA 9165, Sec. 24;
a. Pe e hi e f hi ba i ffice
de ig a ed de a e hi e i i a a h. Th e h ee c ic ed f e ec i
ace ecified i he de i hi 72 h ffe e de he O ib E ec i C de;
f ecei f aid de ;
i. If aci g he ffe de ba i i NOT
b. Re hi ba i ffice a ea ce e e he e d f ice he be i e e
a ha ch i e a d ace a ecified f he cie a d he ffe de hi e f;
b aid ffice ; a d,
j. Th e g i f a ici e i g f e
c. O he addi i a c di i ha he c a de i g de RA 9160, a a e ded;
a e i e a i ed i Sec i 10 f PD a d,
968.
k. I de de ecia e he c i e f e
G d f de ial f a lica i f (RA 9745).
ba i
V. Period of probation
A ica i f ba i ha be de ied he
Period of imprisonmen and period of
fi di g f he c ha :
proba ion
a. P ba i i de ecia e he e i e f TERM OF
DURATION
he ffe ec i ed; IMPRISONMENT
Pe a f c i e i P ba i ha
b. The e i d e i f c i i g a he e ha 1 ea e ceed 2 ea
c i e d i g he ba i e i d; Pe a f c i e i P ba i ha
e ha 1 ea e ceed 6 ea
c. The ffe de i i eed f c ec i a Whe e a i a fi e P ba i ha be
ea e ha ca be ided effec i e b a d ffe de i ice he a
hi c i e a i i i . ade e e be f da f
b idia b idia
IV. Disqualified offenders
i i e i i e
The be efi f he P ba i La ha be
e e ded he f i g e :
VI. Arrest of probationer
a. Th e e e ced e ea a i e
fi i e f e ha 6 ea ; A a i ed i g ba i , he c a i e
a a a f he a e fa ba i e f a
b. Th e c ic ed f b e i a ci e ei i ai f he c di i f ba i ,
agai he a i a ec i ; c i i f a he ffe e.
c. Th e e i c ic ed b fi a The ba i e , ce a e ed a d de ai ed,
dg e f a ffe e i hed b ha i edia e be b gh bef e he c f
i i e f e ha 6 h a d1 a hea i g, hich a be i f a a d a ,
da a d/ a fi e e ha P1,000; f he i a i cha ged. The acc ed a be
e i ed bai e di g ch hea i g.
d. Th e ce aced ba i ;
If i a i i e ab i hed, he c a :
e. Th e a ead e i g e e ce a he i e
he P ba i La beca e a icab e;
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a. Re e hi ba i , a d h a e hi 5. Di e i a di e e i
e e he e e ce igi a i ed; ,
6. O he e e a e
b. C i e hi ba i a d dif i
c di i .
FF. JUVENILE JUSTICE AND WELFARE ACT
If e ed, he ba i e ha e e he (RA 9344, AS AMENDED BY RA 10630)
e e ce igi a i ed. I. Definition of terms
VII. Termination of probation Be i ee f he child
The c a de he fi a di cha ge f he I efe he ai f he ci c a ce a d
ba i e fi di g ha he ha f fi ed he c di i hich a e c ge ia he
e a d c di i f hi ba i . i a, ec i a d fee i g f ec i f he
chi d a d e c agi g he chi d'
Effec f e i ai f ba i
h ica , ch gica a d e i a
a. Ca e i dee ed e i a ed. de e e .I a ea he ea de i e a
a ai ab e a e ai ef afeg a di g he g h
b. Re ai f a ci i igh a d de e e f he chi d.
e ded.
Child
c. F di cha ge iabi i f a fi e i ed.
I efe a e de he age f eigh ee
P ba i i c e i i h he e i d. (18) ea .
The e be a ORDER i ed b c
di cha gi g he ba i e , f i a ce Child a i k
ca he ca e f ba i e be dee ed
I efe a chi d h i e ab e a d a he
e i a ed. (Bala . Ma ine , G.R. No. L-67301,
i f c i i g c i i a ffe e beca e f
1990)
e a , fa i a d cia ci c a ce , ch
-e d f ic - a ,b i i ed , he f i g:
TOPIC OUTLINE UNDER THE SYLLABUS: a. bei g ab ed b a e h gh e a ,

h ica , ch gica , e a , ec ic
III. SPECIAL PENAL LAWS a he ea a d he a e
g a dia ef e, a e i i g, ab e
N e: Thi ic i i c ded i he Li f ide ec i f he chi d;
e e i c ded de he ab f b. bei g e i ed i c di g e a
he aid b ec . ec ica ;
FF. JUVENILE JUSTICE AND WELFARE ACT c. bei g aba d ed eg ec ed, a d af e

(RA 9344, AS AMENDED BY RA 10630) di ige ea ch a d i i , he a e
g a dia ca be f d;
d. c i gf ad f ci a b e fa i
2. Righ f he chi d i c f ic i h he a ih a ae g a dia ;
(Sec. 5)
3. Mi i age f c i i a e ibi i e. bei g f ch ;
(Sec. 6)
f. bei g a ee chi d;
4. P hibi ed ac (Sec . 60 a d 61)
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g. bei g a e be f a ga g; ed ca i a bac g d ih e i g
f a c ceedi g
h. i i g i a c i i h a high e e f
c i i ai d g ab e;
i. i i gi i ai fa ed c f ic . J e ile J ice Welfa e C cil
Child i c flic i h he la A b d a ached he DSWD chai ed b a

U de ec e a f he DSWD. The ha e e
A chi d h i a eged a , acc ed f, ad dged he effec i e i e e ai f he JJWA.
a , ha i g c i ed a ffe e de Phi i i e
a . I i ial c ac i h he child
Baha Pag-a a A ehe i a i gi c d f a chi d i

c f ic i h he a b a e f ce e ffice
I efe a 24-h chi d-ca i g i i i i a e ci i e
e ab i hed, f ded a d a aged b ca
g e e i (LGU ) a d ice ed a d/ I e e i
acc edi ed g e e ga i a i (NGO )
idi g h - e e ide ia ca e f chi d e A e ie f ac i i ie hich a e de ig ed
i c f ic i h he a h a e ab e fif ee (15) add e i e ha ca ed he chi d c i a
b be eigh ee (18) ea f age h a e ffe e. I a a e he f f a i di id a i ed
a ai i g c di ii f hei ca e ea e ga hich a i c de
a fe he age cie i dic i . c e i g, i ai i g, ed ca i , a d he
ac i i ie ha i e ha ce hi /he ch gica ,
Pa f he fea e f a Baha Pag-a a i a e i a a d ch - cia e -bei g.
i e i e j e ile i e e i (IJISC) a d
ce e . Thi Ce e i be a ca ed f Rec g i a ce
chi d e i c f ic i h he a i acc da ce i h
A de a i g i ie f a b d a ed b a
Sec i 20, 20-A a d 20-B (chi d e be he
ae c dia h ha be e ib e f
age f c i i a e ibi i , chi d e ab e 12
he a ea a ce i c f he chi d i c f ic i h
b be 15 h c i ei c i e , e ea
he a , he e i ed.
ffe de ) he e f. The e chi d e i be e i ed
de g a e i e i e i-di ci i a Re ai ej ice
i e e i ga .
A i ci e hich e i e a ce f e i g
M l i-di ci li a ea c f ic i h he a i i e e f he
ic i , he ffe de a d he c i . I ee
The e a e he Baha Pag-a a , c ed f
b ai e a a i f he ic i ; ec ci ia i
a cia e, a ch gi / e a hea h
f he ffe de , he ffe ded a d he c i ;
fe i a , a edica d c , a
a d ea a ce he ffe de ha he/ he ca
ed ca i a /g ida ce c e a d a Ba a ga
be ei eg a ed i cie . I a e ha ce
C ci f he P ec i f Chi d e (BCPC)
b ic afe b ac i a i g he ffe de , he ic i
e be .
a d he c i i e e i a egie .
Di e i
Sa ffe e
A a e a i e, chi d-a ia e ce f
Thi efe ffe e hich di c i i a e
de e i i g he e ibi i a d ea e fa
agai a chi d, hi e a ad d e ffe a
chi d i c f ic i h he a he ba i f hi /he
e a f c i i g i i a ac . The e ha
cia , c a , ec ic, ch gica
Page 349 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
i c de c fe i ai ; a c , ae a a h i ,a d a deci i ch
di bedie ce a d he i e. ac i ;
f. The igh bai a d ec g i a ce, i

a ia e ca e ;
Y h Rehabili a i Ce e
g. he igh e if a a i e i hi /he
I efe a 24-h e ide ia ca e faci i beha f de he e e a i ai f a
a aged b he De a e f S cia We fa e chi d i e ;
a d De e e (DSWD), LGU , ice ed
a d/ acc edi ed NGO i ed b he h. The igh ha e hi /he i ac e ec ed
DSWD, hich ide ca e, ea e a d f a a age f he ceedi g ;
ehabi i a i e ice f chi d e i c f ic i h
he a . Rehabi i a i e ice a e ided i. The igh di e i if he/ he i a ified
de he g ida ce f a ai ed aff he e a d a i a ai f he a e;
e ide a e ca ed f de a c ed
j. The igh be i ed a dg e i
he a e ic e i e i h he e d ie f
i he g a i f he ffe e he e
ei eg a i g he i hei fa i ie a d
hi /he be i e e , he igh f he ic i
c i ie a cia f c i i g i di id a .
a d he eed f cie a e a a e i
(Sec. 4)
c ide a i b he c , de he
II. Rights of the child in conflict with the law i ci e f e ai e ice;
E e chi d i c f ic i h he a ha ha e he k. The igh ha e e ic i hi /he

f i g igh , i c di g b i i ed : e a ibe i i ed he i i ,a d
he e di c e i i gi e b a he dge
a. The igh be b ec ed e de e i e he he i e fi e
he c e , i h a deg adi g ea e i i e , he i ii f fi e bei g
i h e ; efe ed a he ea ia e e a ;
b. The igh be i ed a e e ce f l. The igh a a ic e i f
ca i a i h e ife i i e , e e ce;
ih he ibi i f e ea e;
m. The igh ba i a a a e ai e
c. The igh be de i ed, a f i i e , if a ified de he
a bi a i , f hi /he ibe ; de e i P ba i La ;
i i e bei g a di ii f a
e , a d hich ha be f he h e n. The igh be f ee f iabi i f e ,
a ia e e i d f i e; c cea e i e e e a i ; a d,
d. The igh be ea ed i h h a i a d o. O he igh a ided f de e i i g

e ec , f he i he e dig i f he a , e a d eg a i .
e , a d i a a e hich a e i
acc he eed f a e f hi /he III. Minimum age of criminal responsibility
age. Bel 15 ea ld a he i e f he
c i i f he ffe e
e. The igh acce ega a d he
a ia e a i a ce, a e a he igh C i i a iabi i EXEMPT, b b ec
cha e ge he ega i f he de i a i f I e e i ga
hi /he ibe bef e a c he
c e e , i de e de a d i a ia Ci i iabi i LIABLE
Page 350 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
A chi d i dee ed be fif ee (15) ea 3. P hibi i c a i h e ;a d

f age he da f he fif ee h
a i e a f hi /he bi hda e. 4. D b ha be e ed i fa f he chi d.
Ab e 15 b bel 18 ea ld, ac i g Pe i f i i
WITHOUT di ce e a he i e f he
The chi d i c f ic i h he a ha e he
c i i f he ffe e
e i f i i . The chi d ha e a
C i i a iabi i EXEMPT, b b ec he igh f a chi d i c f ic i h he a i
I e e i ga he/ he i e be eigh ee (18) ea d
de . (Sec. 7)
Ci i iabi i LIABLE
P f f age
Ab e 15 b bel 18 ea ld, ac i g WITH
di ce e a he i e f he c i i f The age f a chi d a be de e i ed f he
he ffe e chi d' bi h ce ifica e, ba i a ce ifica e a
he e i e d c e .
C i i a iabi i Di e i
I he ab e ce f he e d c e , age a be
Ci i iabi i LIABLE ba ed i f ai f he chi d
hi e f/he e f, e i ie f he e , he
Ab e 18 ea ld a he i e f he h ica a ea a ce f he chi d a d he
c i i f he ffe e e e a e ide ce. I ca e f d b a he age
f he chi d, i ha be e ed i hi /he fa .
C i i a iabi i LIABLE
(Sec. 7)
Ci i iabi i LIABLE
If child ake i c d i 15 ea bel
R le a a ic e i f e e ce
The a h i hich i ha e a i i ia c ac
If he chi d h i de 18 ea f age a he i h he chi d, i c ai i h he ca cia
c i i f he ffe e i f d g i , he e fa e a d de e e ffice , ha he d
c ha a ce ai a ci i iabi i . I ead f i edia e e ea e he chi d he c d f
ci g c ic i , he chi d ha be aced hi /he a e g a dia , i he ab e ce
de e ded e e ce. The e i he e f, he chi d ea e e a i e.
ha be a ied e e if he e i e i 18 ab e
The chi d ha be b ec ed a c i -
a he ce e f he chi d g i . (Sec.
ba ed i e e i ga e i ed b he
38)
ca cia e fa e a d de e e ffice ,
J dg e agai chi d e i c f ic i h he a e he be i e e f he chi d e i e he
ha be g ided b he f i g: efe a f he chi d a h ca e faci i
Baha Pag-a a . (Sec. 20)
1. I ha be c ide ed i he ci c a ce
f he be i e e f he chi d, i he Se i ci e c i ed b child e h
de a d f e ai e ice; a ee e f c i i al e ibili
2. Re ic i e a ibe ha be a A chi d h i ab e 12 15 ea f age a d

he i i . Whe he c ha he h c i a icide, de , i fa icide,
di c e i i e a fi e i ead f he id a i g a d e i i ega de e i he e
e a f i i e , he i ii f he ic i i i ed a ed, bbe , ih
he fi e ha be ffe ed a he e h icide a e, de ci e a , a e,
a ia e e a ; ca a i g he e he d i e cc a i i ed
Page 351 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
a ed ffe e de Re b ic Ac N . 9165 hi /he a a d he c i

i hab e b e ha 12 ea f ea i g ig hich e ba a , h i ia e,
i i e , ha be dee ed a eglec ed a d deg ade hi /he e a i a d dig i ;
child a d ha be a da i aced i a ecia a d
faci i i hi he h ca e fac Baha
Pag-a a ca ed he I e i e J e ie f. C e i g he chi d ef i a
I e e i a dS Ce e (IJISC). e i de i a a d a f de a a d
a i a ce . (Sec . 60 a d 61)
Re e i i f ffe e
V. Diversion and intervention
A chi d h i ab e e e (12) ea f age
S e f di e i
fif ee (15) ea f age a d h c i a
ffe e f he ec d i e f e e : P ided, Chi d e i c f ic i h he a ha de g
Tha he chi d a e i b ec ed a di e i ga ih de g i g c
c i -ba ed i e e i g a , ha be ceedi g :
dee ed a eg ec ed chi d a d ha de g a
i e i ei e e i ga e i ed b he a. Whe e he i ab e e a f he c i e
ca cia e fa e a d de e e ffice . c i ee i e ha i (6) ea
i i e The a e f ce e ffice
IV. Prohibited acts P g Ba a ga i h he a i a ce f
The f i ga da he i i a ac ha be he ca cia e fa e a d de e e
c ide ed e dicia a d de i e a he ffice he e be f he LCPC ha
ch gica , e i a , cia , i i a, a c d c edia i , fa i c fe e ci g a d
a d h ica hea h a d e -bei g f he chi d i c ci ia i a d, he e a ia e, ad
c f ic i h he a a d he ef e, hibi ed: i dige de f c f ic e i i
acc da ce i h he be i e e f he chi d
a. I he c d c f he ceedi g begi i g i h a ie acc i hi g he b ec i e
f he i i ia c ac i h he chi d, he f e ai e ice a d he f ai fa
c ee a h i ie ef ai f di e i g a . The chi d a d hi /he
b a di g abe i g chi d e a g fa i ha be e e i he e ac i i ie .
ci i a , e i e de i e , i e
a achi g he i a a e a he b. I ic i e ci e he e he i ab e
de ga a e . e a i e ha i (6) ea
i i e The ca cia e fa e a d
b. N di c i i a e a a d ac ice de e e ffice ha ee i h he chi d
ha be a ed a ic a i h e ec a d hi /he ae g a dia f he
he chi d' c a e h ic igi . de e e f he a ia e di e i
a d ehabi i a i g a , i c di a i
c. E e f h ea f ha e e i da d i h he BCPC.
a e;
c. Whe e he i ab e e a f he c i e
d. E e f ab i e, c e ci e a d c i ed e ceed i (6) ea
i i e ea e ch a c i g, bea i g, i i e Di e i ea e a be
i i g, a d i a c fi e e ; e ed b he c . (Sec. 23)
e. E e f deg adi g, i h a a d Whe e he a i e a i ed b a f

c e f f i h e ch a ha i g he ffe e i h hich he chi d i c f ic i h he
he head , i g i i a i g, c i e a i cha ged i i i e f e ha
ha f b a ce e he b d f he e e (12) ea , ega d e f he fi e fi e
chi d i c f ic i h he a , f ci g a e ega d e f he a , a d bef e
Page 352 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
a aig e f he chi d i c f ic i h he a , Fac i f la i g he di e i ga

he c ha de e i e he he di e i
i a ia e. (Sec. 37) I f a i g a di e i g a , he i di id a
cha ac e i ic a d he ec ia ci c a ce f
If d i g he c fe e ci g, edia i he chi d i c f ic i h he a ha be ed
c ci ia i ide he c i i a ice e f a e a i di id a i ed ea e .
i hi e i aid e , he chi d
a i ad i he c i i f he ac , a The f i g fac ha be c ide ed i
c ac f di e i a be e e ed i d i g f a i g a di e i g a f he chi d:
ch c fe e ci g, edia i c ci ia i
a. The chi d' fee i g f e e f he
ceedi g . (Sec. 26)
ffe e he/ he c i ed;
S age he e di e i ga a be
b. The a e ega g a dia abi i
c d c ed
g ide a d e i e he chi d;
Di e i a be c d c ed a
c. The ic i ' ie ab he ie f he
a. Ka a ga g Pa ba a ga ; ea e be i ed; a d,
b. P ice i e iga i ; d. The a ai abi i f c i -ba ed

ga f ehabi i a i a d ei eg a i
c. I e ; f he chi d. (Sec. 30)
d. P ei i a I e iga i ; VI. Other relevant rules
e. A e e a d ha e f he ceedi g Offe e a licable child e

i c di g he dicia e e (Sec. 24)
Pe be eigh ee (18) ea f age ha
Fac i de e i i g he di e i ga be e e f ec i f he f i g
ci e :
I de e i i g he he di e i i a ia e
a d de i ab e, he f i g fac ha be a e a. Vag a c a d i i de Sec i 202
i c ide a i : f he Re i ed Pe a C de;
a. The a e a d ci c a ce f he ffe e b. Me dica c de P e ide ia Dec ee N .

cha ged; 1563; a d
b. The f e e c a d he e e i f he ac ; c. S iffi g f gb de P e ide ia Dec ee

N . 1619. (Sec. 58)
c. The ci c a ce f he chi d (e.g. age,
a i , i e ige ce, e c.); E e i f he a lica i f dea h
e al
d. The i f e ce f he fa i a d e i e
he g h f he chi d; The i i f he Re i ed Pe a C de, a
a e ded, Re b ic Ac N . 9165, he i e
e. The e a a i fi he ic i ; a he C ehe i e Da ge D g
Ac f 2002, a d he ecia a
f. The eigh f he e ide ce agai he chi d; ih a di g, dea h e a ha be
i ed chi d e i c f ic i h he a .
g. The afe f he c i ; a d,
E l iai f child e f c i i f
h. The be i ee f he chi d (Sec. 29)
ci e
Page 353 of 354

ATENEO CENTRAL
A e h , i he c i i f a c i e,
a e e, a e ad a age f, fi f
he e f chi d e , i c di g a e h
ab e hi /he a h i e he chi d h ,
i h ab e f c fide ce, a e ad a age f he
e abi i ie f he chi d a d ha i d ce,
h ea e i iga e he c i i f he c i e,
ha be i ed he e a e c ibed b a
f he c i e c i ed i i a i e i d.
-e d f ic -
Page 354 of 354

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THE ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2020-2021

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Ad maiorem Dei gloriam.

KATHLEEN KAE Z. ENDOZO MEG V. BUENSALIDO

CARLOS ROSAURO N. MANALO

JUDGE OSCAR B. PIMENTEL

ERIN CANDICE CANCEKO PATRICIA RAMOS

RACHEL LEIGH COLLADO ANGELICA OIDEM AIMIEL MARIAN REYES

JOSEPH BILL P. QUINTOS STEFI MONIKA S. SUERO

AINA RAE L. CORTEZ CHRISTIAN GIO R. SENARLO

DONN MARIE ISABELLE BALINA MELISSA GABRIELLE P. REMULLA

YVES PETER CARLO D. MEDINA THERESE ANNE C. ESPINOSA

EUNICE A. MALAYO MEG V. BUENSALIDO

JUDGE OSCAR B. PIMENTEL

TRISHA FEJJ MAE EGUIA ERIN CANDICE CANCEKO

JANEL NATHALIE CO CHRISTINE ANGELIQUE DESCALLAR DALZEL JOB ERAP

I. PRINCIPLES OF CRIMINAL LAW............................................................................................................... 1

A. GENERAL PRINCIPLES ........................................................................................................................ 1

II. CRIMES UNDER THE REVISED PENAL CODE .......................................................................................... 88

A. CRIMES AGAINST NATIONAL SECURITY AND THE LAWS OF NATIONS ................................................ 88

III. SPECIAL PENAL LAWS ...................................................................................................................... 242

A. NEW ANTI-CARNAPPING ACT OF 2016 ........................................................................................... 242

III. AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES RESULTING TO DENIAL OF BAIL .................................................. 243

J. ANTI-HAZING ACT OF 2018 (RA 8049, AS AMENDED BY RA 11053) ................................................... 269

Q. ANTI-TORTURE ACT OF 2009 (RA 9745) ......................................................................................... 297

III. ATTEMPTED TRAFFICKING ................................................................................................................ 319

VII. TERMINATION OF PROBATION ......................................................................................................... 348

Theories in Criminal Law

c. Ac s me in i e fac s non es me s I. Mala in se and Mala Prohibita

Rationale for exceptions (b) and (c): To E ce i he E ce i

A crime committed within the grounds of a Effec f Re eal/A e d e f Pe al La

c. If he e a o all epeal he e i i g a B. FELONIES

Whe e e a e a a i be c ed 2. The ac i i be P i hab e b

Whe Pe al La a be Gi e Re ac i e Compare Dolo (decei ) . C lpa (fa l )

a. Cla ifica i f Fel ie Mi ake f Fac

ha he ffe de ha he i e pe pe a e he di a ifica i , e e a e a ecia

C a ifica i f Fe ie Acc di g G a i LESS GRAVE FELONIES

A . 9. G a e fel ie , le g a e fel ie , a d E a e: Whe he pecial la adop he

Ligh fel ie a e h e i f ac i f la f The i i f he C de he g ad a i f

ecia a agai ch e e a b. THE WRONG DONE TO THE AGGRIEVED

S b idia i i e de he RPC 1. B a e c i i g a fel (deli o)

Whe A icle 10 A lie The a i a e f he e i he a i , el e ca a

5. Ab i ; ffe e f a e i e ec i e f ega i ibi i .

Ele e : FRUSTRATED FELONY

E.g. f igh e e c (A . 121), C i I a i : X def a ded A h gh fa ifica i fa

The e ie f ac b f a i gle c i i al a. Real a e ial l ali - Diffe e c i e

The e i c le c i e he e e f he cha ged i e i f a i . The a e e a a e

d. Whe e e f he ffe e i e a i ed b a 4. U ai f ea igh (A . 312) ih

Ci e i l ed ca be legall I he ab e ce f di ec e ide ce, a e

Ma erial Pl rali . Con in ed Crime

The e i a e ie f ac ef ed b he The e i a e ie f ac ef ed b he ffe de .

Ordinar Comple Crime . Special Comple / Composi e Crime

Comple Crimes nder Ar . 48 . Special Comple Crimes

II. CIRCUMSTANCES AFFECTING 1. SELF-DEFENSE (PAR. 1)

2. Rea able ece i f he ea Re alia ion . Self-defense

i , a d he e h c he fi b he f. The eace ffice , i he e f a ce f hi

Sa d g d he i he igh - The a Pe fec e a i be ee he ea ed b

g. The ca i be fficie , hich N e: Sec i 26 f R.A. 9262 ide ha

R.A. 9262: A i-Vi le ce Agai W e a d U de R.A. 9262, he Ba e ed W a S d e

Rela i e e i led he Defe e: (SADAC) a i a ece i hich he a e i e . I each

5. FULFILLMENT OF DUTY OR LAWFUL 3. Mea ed b b di a e ca aid

J s if ing Circ ms ances . E emp ing ea di ce e i h a de i a i f f ee