Building A Smart Green Grid: Santa Barbara Summit On Energy Efficiency April 26, 2001
Building A Smart Green Grid: Santa Barbara Summit On Energy Efficiency April 26, 2001
Steve Hauser
Vice President
Grid Integration
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
NREL
FY2010
Funding
by
Program
FY10
—$536.5M
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The Built TransportaIon
Sustainable
Energy
System
Integrated
and
Sustainable
Environment
Systems
VISION
Integrated
Systems
Sustainable
Design
Highly
Efficient
•
Highly
Efficient
•
Integrated
Renewables
Fuel
Flexible
By
2050,
reduce
oil
use
to
<15%
of
current
Distributed
&
U;lity‐Scale
Renewable
Power
Electricity
GeneraIon
&
Delivery
Renewable
Fuels
Fuel ProducIon Systems
levels and CO2 Systems
emissions
by
>80%
Provide
Credible
and
Objec1ve
Data
and
Analyses
to
Inform
Policy
and
Investment
Decisions
NREL
Roles
and
Strategic
Intents
Deliver
Market‐Relevant
Enable
Integra1on
of
Scien1fic
and
Technical
Increase
the
Speed
of
Renewable
and
Efficiency
Knowledge
and
Commercializa1on
and
Technologies
in
Systems
Sustainable
Energy
the
Scale
of
Deployment
at
all
Scales
Innova1ons
Create
the
Lab
of
the
Future
to
Support
Innova1on
and
Serve
as
a
Leadership
Example
for
Sustainable
Development
• Produc1on
follows
demand
• Largely
electromechanical
• High
carbon/low
storage
• Blind
to
distribu1on/
demand
• Very
liQle
informa1on
and
control
• Central
planning,
design
and
opera1on
• Aging
assets
Achieving
this
vision
requires
a
strong,
technical
founda1on
to
enable
effec1ve
integra1on
and
opera1on
of
renewable
energy
and
energy
efficiency
technologies,
along
with
other
clean
energy
resources,
in
systems
of
all
scales.
Among
the
key
needs:
The
ability
to
predict
variable
resources
with
greater
certainty,
to
provide
integrated
forecast
informa1on
across
mul1ple
resources,
and
to
integrate
this
informa1on
into
decision
and
opera1onal
tools
Scalable
models
that
can
capture
the
dynamic
nature
of
individual
behaviors
(demand
response
to
variable
pricing,
weather,
renewables
and
smart
grid)
to
op1mize
the
design
of
and
the
opera1ng
protocols
for
future
energy
systems
Advanced
communica1on
and
control
technologies
to
manage
system
interfaces
Cost‐effec1ve
storage
technologies
to
decouple
the
temporal
aspects
of
genera1on
and
use
Materials
and
technologies
that
reduce
the
cumula1ve
system
inefficiencies
inherent
in
conver1ng
energy
from
one
form
to
another
Building
IntegraIon
• Mul1ple
power
conversions,
with
losses,
between
source
and
use
• Lack
of
integra1on
between
thermal
and
electrical
systems
• Inability
to
forecast
as
buildings
adopt
more
integrated
renewables
Base
IntegraIon
• Interconnec1ng
loads
and
generators
at
FOBs
and
op1mizing
reliable
performance
to
minimize
fuel
convoys
• Integra1ng
conven1onal
resources,
renewables
and
loads
at
fixed
installa1ons
to
assure
reliable
power
to
cri1cal
loads
and
op1mizing
cost
performance
• Developing
a
replicable
model
for
transforming
DoD
energy
systems
to
assure
mission
and
reduce
cost
while
mee1ng
energy
mandates
at
the
por\olio
level
NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
9
Interoperability:
Not
Just
a
Technical
Challenge
8:
Economic/Regulatory
Policy
Fully
engaging
the
regulatory
and
policy
OrganizaIonal
(Pragma1cs)
7:
Business
Objec1ves
communi1es
6:
Business
Procedures
Defining
new
business
5:
Business
Context
models
and
InformaIonal
understanding
the
value
(Seman1cs)
4:
Seman1c
Understanding
proposi1ons
3:
Syntac1c
Interoperability
Striving
for
uniformity
in
the
upper
layers,
to
Technical
2:
Network
Interoperability
(Syntax)
enable
scale‐up
to
large
1:
Basic
Connec1vity
markets
500
- Day
9
400
- Day
5
- Day
26
300
200 - Average
NREL Mesa Solar - August (24 days)
700
100
600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
500
‐100
Hour
400
Power (kW)
Smart
charging
has
the
300
poten1al
to
dispatch
the
EV
200
load
synergis1cally
with
100
intermiQent
resources
such
as
wind
and
solar
0
-100
0 5 10 15 20 25
Wind
‐
Alec
Brooks
(Tesla
Motors),
Sven
Thesen
(PG&E).
V2G
Demonstra1on
and
Evalua1on
Program.
EVS23.
(2007)
Hour
Solar
–
Tony
Markel,
Na1onal
Renewable
Energy
Laboratory
NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
14
High
RE
PenetraIon
Impacts
on
OperaIon
Study Area Dispatch - Week of April 10th - No Wind Study Area Dispatch - Week of April 10th - 10% R
50,000 50,000
40,000 40,000
30,000 30,000
MW
MW
20,000 20,000
0 0
MON APR 10 TUE APR 11 WED APR 12 THU APR 13 FRI APR 14 SAT APR 15 SUN APR 16 MON APR 10 TUE APR 11 WED APR 12 THU APR 13 FRI APR 14 SAT APR 15 SUN APR 16
40,000 40,000
30,000 30,000
MW
MW
20,000
20,000
10,000
10,000
0
0
MON APR 10 TUE APR 11 WED APR 12 THU APR 13 FRI APR 14 SAT APR 15 SUN APR 16
MON APR 10 TUE APR 11 WED APR 12 THU APR 13 FRI APR 14 SAT APR 15 SUN APR 16
Western
Wind
and
Solar
IntegraIon
Study
NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
15
Transformer
Loads
with
PHEVs
*Home Charging Only
20
houses
/
transformer
Rated Transformer
Insulation Temp
100%
penetraIon
of
EVs
with
2.6
kWh
of
Transformer
Rated Load
charge
required
per
PEV
(36
vehicles)
@
3.3
kW
charge
rate.
2,500
Capacity Factor = 24.8%
2,000
MW
1,500
1,000
500
0
8,760
150
50
Wind MW
Load MW
100
400
700
1000
1300
1600
1900
2200
-50
-100
20100407 PJM-RTO
20100407 Chicago
-150
www.pjm.com
NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
18
Chafanooga
ResidenIal
Loads
EPB
Residential
August
2009
Hourly
Load
600,000
500,000
400,000
kW
300,000
200,000
100,000
Hour
What
am
I
?
480,000
Vehicles
in
United
States
Average
~66
miles
per
day
MPG
=
~7
Parked
12
hours
at
same
loca1on
Parked
for
3
months
Great
public
visibility
Available for a full Ime summer job.
A
fossil
power
plant
following
a
regula1on
command
signal
Energy
Storage
Output
Regula1on
Signal
Energy
Storage
(baQeries
/
flywheels)
accurately
following
a
regula1on
command
signal
• Simple
1‐way
communica1on
tells
vehicles
to
delay
charging
when
transformer
temperature
rises
above
98°C
threshold
• Temperature
input
could
be
measurement‐
or
model‐based
• Smart
Grid
extends
capacity
of
25kVA
transformer