Christianity and Homosexuality Reconciled by Dr. Joseph Adam Pearson
Christianity and Homosexuality Reconciled by Dr. Joseph Adam Pearson
and
Homosexuality
Reconciled
New thinking for a new millennium!
by
The author grants permission for copies of this work to be made with the following
provisions and stipulations: This publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, and transmitted in any form and by any means (electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, audio recording, or otherwise), but only as a complete
work — without any changes — from this Title Page to the Afterword on page 230
and provided that it is NOT sold, bartered, exchanged and/or used to proselytize
any particular Christian denomination. This work may be translated into other
languages provided that the original English version is appended to all digitized
translated versions. Published paper copies of all translations must include this
original English Title Page. The original English version of this book can be found
at
http://www.cebiaz.com/book.pdf
and
http://www.dr-joseph-adam-pearson.com/CHR.pdf
Christianity and Homosexuality Reconciled!
Dedication
This work is dedicated to the untold number of GLBT people who have
LORD and to those who have injured themselves or taken their own
lives because of the pain from their victimization. The message of this
work is simple for those who are still alive: Take back your lives
through Jesus Christ and be victorious. Today, in Christ, you can have
new hope!
Table of Contents
Section Page
_____________________________________________________
Foreword 5
Introduction 15
Bibliography 225
Afterword 230
_____________________________________________________
List of Figures
Figure Title Page
_____________________________________________________
Foreword
Though the video tapes were designed so that they could be used
without ancillary materials, I also developed an accompanying
workbook and manual that provided pre-viewing activities, biblical
citations, and post-viewing questions for each segment as well as
transcripts of the video tapes, edited to enhance comprehension, so that
students might more effectively study and better reflect on the lessons
contained therein. To date, the complete package — consisting of video
tapes, workbook and manual, and transcripts — has been used by many
Recognizing that it was time for new thinking and new ideas on the
issue of Christianity and homosexuality to be presented to a
significantly greater number of people for this new millennium, in the
late 1990s I took all of my previous writings and additional notes and
committed them to book form in order to meet the ever-increasing
demand for information on this topic. It is important for more people
to be exposed to this information in order to better facilitate discussion,
Christian dialogue and debate, and eventual understanding and
acceptance that Christianity and homosexuality are, indeed,
reconcilable to one another.
http://www.christiangays.com/articles/joe_pearson_audio.shtml
You may download the mp3 files and send or broadcast them to anyone
provided that each one hour broadcast is not partitioned or segmented
in any way. Each audio file must be sent and broadcast in its entirety.
There are three reasons that my materials on this topic are free:
There are many homosexuals whose guilt has been etched deeply by the
official positions of various Christian denominations. And, there are
many homosexuals throughout the world whose pain has been
exacerbated by the unkindness shown to them through the actions and
reactions of church-goers. They include family-of-origin members, co-
workers and longtime friends. It is my hope and prayer that the
seeming dilemma between homosexuality and Christianity be resolved,
and that a higher spiritual understanding of sexuality be settled within
their minds, once and for all, both now and throughout the rest of their
earthly days.
Many homosexuals and their loved ones have been driven out of
local churches by hateful sermon messages and some have even
been politely asked to leave by church leadership. This is not
Christian, at all.
It was very telling when the same church leadership told me that
they had ―ex-gays.‖ To them, however, ―ex-gay‖ meant to refrain
from romantic expression. The leadership acknowledged that the
so-called ―ex-gays‖ still had desires for people of the same sex;
they just did not act on those desires. In the final analysis, there is
no such thing as ―ex-gay‖ for truly homosexual people. Perhaps
there is such a thing only for bisexual people or for others on a
broad gay-straight sexual orientation continuum, who choose
someone of the opposite sex as their lifelong covenant spousal
partner.
Before you can ―come out‖ to your loved ones and friends, you really
must first ―come out‖ to yourself. Such reconciliation includes four
things: 1) acknowledging who you are as a GLBT person; 2) under-
standing who God made you to be as a GLBT person; 3) accepting who
you are as a GLBT person; and, 4) loving and celebrating who and what
you are as a GLBT person.
Education is really the key here. You must learn about yourself. You
must learn about others who are like yourself. You must learn about
the history of those who have had a faith walk as well as those who have
an active prayer life at the same time that they were coming to
acknowledge, understand, accept, and celebrate who God made them to
be as a GLBT person. And, you must learn that the Holy Bible does not
condemn who and what you are.
―Coming out‖ not only requires you to grow in acceptance of who you
are but also to grow in understanding that God accepts you and loves
you just as you are. According to Scripture, God knew you before you
were born. It says in Psalm 139 that you are fearfully and wonderfully
made and that God foreknew everything about you even when you were
still taking shape in your mother‘s womb. It says in verse 16 of Psalm
139 that all of the days that God has ordained for you were written in
God‘s Book of Life before one of them ever came to be. It also says in
verse 4 of that Psalm that God knows what we are going to say even
before we say it.
You do not need to ―come out‖ to God. God already knows everything
about you. However, you do need to ―come out‖ to yourself, so you can
be a whole person at the same time that you seek God to lead, guide and
direct you; and, you need to come out to your loved ones and friends so
they can begin to see you as a whole person.
1
Transgender is a word whose meaning is still in flux and currently used as an umbrella term
applied to a variety of individuals, behaviors, and groups involving tendencies to vary from
traditional and customary gender roles.
Copyright 2000, 2008, 2010 by Rev. Joseph Adam Pearson, Ph.D.
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Christianity and Homosexuality Reconciled!
Readers of this book might include a GLBT senior adult who is married
to someone of the opposite sex as well as a GLBT secondary school
student. If, by chance, you have already come out, what I have written
may be useful to you as you counsel and advise others who are new to
―coming out.‖
First and foremost, God does not want GLBT people to put themselves
in an unsafe place. God does not want you to be reckless with your life
or someone else‘s life. And, as stated in Matthew 7:6, God does not
want you to ―cast your pearls before swine.‖ (NKJV) Please don‘t
misunderstand me. Swine here do not represent your loved ones or
friends; swine include those who are pig-headed and have their minds in
mental swill. God does not want you to put yourself in jeopardy where
someone is going to physically, emotionally, mentally, or spiritually
abuse you or victimize you. And, God does not want you in a church
where the leadership butchers GLBT lambs or other innocent people.
God does not want you to be reckless in ―coming out.‖ That is why you
should first ―come out‖ to your loved ones and friends. Yes, you need to
be aware of possible ramifications. If you are in secondary school and
your loved ones are going to throw you out of their home, then maybe
the timing is not right and their frame of mind is not right for you to
God does not want you to put yourself in an unsafe place. God does not
want you to place yourself in, or remain in, an abusive or dangerous
situation. God does not want you to put your well-being in jeopardy.
If you are being bullied, or if your GLBT child is being bullied, then you
must act swiftly to protect yourself or to protect your child. If
authorities at school are not instantly responsive, and you are being
harassed and threatened on a daily basis, or if your child is being
harassed and threatened on a daily basis, then you must remove
yourself or your child immediately from that dangerous situation.
God would have me write to you about truth, courage, and fear. Why
does God want you to disclose who you are by ―coming out‖ to loved
ones and friends? Our God is a God of truth and not a god of lies. God
does not want you to be less than whole. Being less than whole includes
pretending that you are someone you are not, denying who you are, and
not standing up for others who are less able to protect themselves. As
recorded in John 8:44, Christ Jesus teaches us that it is Satan who is the
father of lies and that lying is ―his native language.‖ (NIV) We need to
speak the truth about ourselves without shame or embarrassment. It is
unhealthy for us to live our lives in secret or for us to lie to those who
are our loved ones and friends.
In our faith walk, we each should have a prayer life. In our prayer life,
we should ask the Lord for direction and guidance relative to
preparation, timing, and educating others concerning who we are. Of
course, educating others requires that we first educate ourselves before
we ―come out.‖
I remember vividly the first time that I jumped off the high platform at
our newly built Olympic-type local swimming pool when I was twelve
years of age. I had to walk up each level of stairs. I had to walk the
platform. I had to listen to the lifeguard tell me to point my toes. And,
after surveying the swimming pool and whether or not someone was in
my diving and landing path, I then closed my eyes and jumped. Yes, my
heart raced before that jump. And, it raced in follow-up jumps, but
each time my heart raced a little less until the jumping became natural
and matter-of-fact. To be sure, I never learned how to dive gracefully
or elegantly like the Olympic champion Greg Louganis. But, it felt good
to me that I met my fears and was able to jump. So, too, is ―coming
out‖ for the first time like jumping into a swimming pool from a high
platform. With each disclosure, however, it gets a little easier until you
are able to say with confidence and trust in God: ―I am gay,‖ or ―I am
The first few times I jumped from that high tower, I forgot the advice of
the lifeguard to point my toes and I paid the price for not being
sufficiently prepared to enter the water. So, too, must you listen to the
good advice from others before you take the plunge of ―coming out.‖
My prayer for you, right now, in Jesus‘ Name, is that you learn to trust
in the Lord to lead, guide and direct you as well as to sufficiently
strengthen you. When the Prophet Daniel entered the lions‘ den, 2 his
courage was not his own. Daniel had courage because he trusted in the
Lord. The point that is being made here is that our strength and
courage really comes from God. Like Daniel, then, you need to turn to
the Lord concerning ―coming out.‖ You will find that the Lord will
turn to you and grant you sufficient courage and wisdom to ―come out‖
as the person you were created to be.
2
You may read more about Daniel in the lions‘ den in Chapter Six of the Book of Daniel in the Old
Testament.
Copyright 2000, 2008, 2010 by Rev. Joseph Adam Pearson, Ph.D.
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Christianity and Homosexuality Reconciled!
Introduction
Over the centuries, there have been at least five major controversial
human rights issues that have developed in the Christian Church,
including:
Because Jesus also taught that ―Salvation is of the Jews,‖ (John 4:22
KJV) many early Jewish converts to Christianity believed that in order
for Gentiles to be received into the body of Christ (i.e., the Church),
they would have to first convert to Judaism.
The Apostles had also heard Jesus refer to Gentiles as ―dogs‖ (that is,
lawless pagans, barbarians, and idolaters). Consider what Jesus said
when the woman of Canaan had sought a healing from him for her
daughter. At first, Jesus ignored her. However, after his disciples
asked him to make her stop bothering them by sending her away
(Matthew 15:23), Jesus told her that he had been sent to the house of
Israel (Matthew 15:24) and not to the ―dogs.‖ Jesus said to her: ―It is
not fair to take the children‘s bread and throw it to the dogs.‖ (Matthew
15:26, RS)
Students of the Bible know that after the Canaanite woman‘s response
to the Christ was most worshipful: ―Yes, Lord,‖ she said, ―but even the
dogs eat the crumbs that fall from their master‘s table.‖ (Matthew
15:27) Jesus marveled at the faith behind her answer and, in response,
he healed the daughter based on her mother‘s faith. So, too, today,
Christians who happen to be gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgender are
Copyright 2000, 2008, 2010 by Rev. Joseph Adam Pearson, Ph.D.
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Christianity and Homosexuality Reconciled!
Early in Church history, the Apostle Peter also believed that Gentiles
were unclean and impure. However, the Apostle Peter was then taught
directly by God not to demean the people God chooses to save. The
Apostle Peter was told, ―Do not call anything impure that God has
made clean.‖ (Acts 10:15b NIV) Later, that Apostle recounted his
revelation to Cornelius, a Gentile at whose house Peter had been invited
to stay:
―You are well aware that is against our law for a Jew to
associate with a Gentile or visit him. But God has shown
me that I should not call any man impure or unclean.‖
Acts 10:28 NIV
Even though our Lord had ministered to the Apostle Peter personally
and directly when Peter ―fell into a trance,‖ (Acts 10:10 NIV) he
eventually succumbed to his old way of thinking as well as to the peer
pressure from the legalists of his day. To be sure, without guidance
from God‘s Holy Spirit, the human mind cannot escape accommodating
and assimilating legalism. It is impossible. Legalism, generally, is the
brain‘s natural default in order for it (the brain) to more easily
interpret its environment. Religious legalism, however, is worse,
because the people who entertain it erroneously think that God is on
their side.
The Apostle Peter himself could not resist the thinking that Christian
Gentiles needed to be fixed. To be sure, many other early Christians
tried to impose Jewish traditions and customary laws on Gentile
converts to Christianity, even going so far as to convince them of the
necessity for all believers to follow Jewish practices, including
circumcision:
This is just like the men and women who currently teach the
church that, ―Unless you are heterosexual, according to the
custom taught by Moses, you cannot be saved.‖
This is just like the men and women who currently teach the
church that, ―Homosexuals must be [made] heterosexual and
required to obey the laws of Moses. They must be changed.‖
I believe that, just as the Apostle Paul had to admonish the Apostle
Peter almost 2,000 years ago for his unwillingness to fellowship with
Gentile Christians by telling Peter that ―he was clearly in the wrong,‖
(Galatians 2:11) so, too, should enlightened Christians rebuke the
preachers, pastors, teachers, evangelists and so-called prophets of today
for their unwillingness to allow full participation and involvement by
Christian GLBT people in the modern Church.
Do you see how Judaization and the rights of Gentiles in the early
church are applicable to the plight of modern day Christian
homosexuals? This issue is every bit as relevant to Christianity and
homosexuality as the very Bible passages that are used against
homosexuals. Don‘t run to the verses in the Bible that are used against
homosexuals without first running to the rest of the Bible. In order to
be a good student of the Bible, we must hold the whole Bible while we
simultaneously attend to its various parts.
―You belong to your father, the devil, and you want to carry
out your father‘s desire.‖
John 8:44 NIV
―The reason you do not hear is that you do not belong to God.‖
John 8:47 NIV
Yes, there is a rather sharp and bitter polemic against unbelieving Jews
in the Bible, but, when found, it is spoken or written by other Jews
(that, those who believed in Christ). As such, it was a family fight.
Consequently, Gentiles should not take those passages and others like
them out of their historic context and use them to justify their own anti-
Semitism. They need to remember that in Romans, Chapter Eleven, the
Apostle Paul teaches that God has not rejected the Jews (verse 1) and
that all Israel will eventually be saved (verses 25-26).
God is not done with the Jewish people or the nation of Israel. They are
still among God‘s chosen. Just as Christian homosexuals number
among God‘s chosen.
Do you see how anti-Semitism and the rights of Jews in the church are
applicable to the plight of modern day Christian homosexuals? This
issue is every bit as relevant to Christianity and homosexuality as the
very Bible passages that are used against homosexuals. Don‘t run to the
verses in the Bible that are used against homosexuals without first
running to the rest of the Bible. In order to be good students of the
Bible, we must hold the whole Bible while we simultaneously attend to
its various parts.
Concerning slavery and human rights, students of the Bible could look
at different passages in Scripture, especially within the first five books
of the Bible (Torah or the Pentateuch5), to find verses that support
slavery. For example:
Your male and female slaves are to come from the nations
around you; from them you may buy slaves. You may also buy
some of the temporary residents living among you and
members of their clans born in your country, and they will
become your property. You can will them to your children as
inherited property and can make them slaves for life, but you
must not rule over your fellow Israelites ruthlessly.
Leviticus 25:44-46 NIV
If a man beats his male or female slave with a rod and the slave
dies as a direct result, he must be punished, but he is not to be
punished if the slave gets up after a day or two, since the slave
is his property.
Exodus 21:20-21 NIV
5
The first five books of the Bible are called ―Torah‖ by most Jews and ―the Pentateuch‖ by most
Gentiles.
Copyright 2000, 2008, 2010 by Rev. Joseph Adam Pearson, Ph.D.
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Christianity and Homosexuality Reconciled!
In order to bolster their case that slavery should be the law of the land,
many elected representatives held up passages like those previously
quoted from Leviticus and Exodus, as well as those written by the
Apostle Paul that express his tacit approval (or, seeming endorsement)
of slavery. For example, the Apostle Paul stated:
6
Miller, William Lee. Arguing About Slavery: The Great Battle in the United States Congress.
Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1996, page 139.
Copyright 2000, 2008, 2010 by Rev. Joseph Adam Pearson, Ph.D.
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Christianity and Homosexuality Reconciled!
There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor
female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus. [emphasis mine]
Galatians 3:28 NIV
Do you see how slavery and the rights of racial and ethnic minorities in
the church are applicable to the plight of modern day Christian
homosexuals? This issue is every bit as relevant to Christianity and
homosexuality as the very Bible passages that are used against
homosexuals. Don‘t run to the verses in the Bible that are used against
homosexuals without first running to the rest of the Bible. In order to
be a good student of the Bible, we must hold the whole Bible while we
simultaneously attend to its various parts.
Concerning female clergy, even in this day and age there are some
individuals who will not enter into a church where a woman is
preaching, because they feel that it is against God‘s written Word and
codified Will. Often, to justify their misogynistic position, they quote
Bible passages such as the following:
Perhaps the unique cultural situation regarding women that Paul was
addressing in the previously quoted passages is no longer fully
understandable to us (many Bible references to situations and cultural
practices are no longer fully understandable). But, whatever he meant,
because Scripture cannot contradict Scripture, these difficult passages
[Christ Jesus said] ―When the dead rise, they will neither
marry nor be given in marriage; they will be like the angels
in heaven.‖
Mark 12:25 (NIV)
During the 1950s and 1960s, I regularly attended the services of the then
well-known Evangelist, Kathryn Kuhlman. She would come to the
McCormick Place Convention Center in Chicago a few times each year.
Every time that I saw her, she was flanked on the stage platform by as
many as one-hundred seated men from the Full Gospel Businessmen‘s
Association. She would say to the audience, ―I know that some of you
are wondering why I am standing here instead of one of these men.‖
(She knew that there would be some in the audience who would object
to having a female in such a prominent Christian leadership role.) She
would then say, ―If God can speak through a donkey, then He certainly
can speak through Kathryn Kuhlman.‖ (She was referring to Numbers
22:28-30, where it recounts that the Angel of the LORD spoke through
Balaam‘s donkey.)
God is not a sexist. God has no gender preference. Consider the Old
Testament roles of Miriam, Deborah, and Huldah and the New
Copyright 2000, 2008, 2010 by Rev. Joseph Adam Pearson, Ph.D.
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Christianity and Homosexuality Reconciled!
Do you see how female clergy and the rights of women in the church are
applicable to the plight of modern day Christian homosexuals? This
issue is every bit as relevant to Christianity and homosexuality as the
very Bible passages used against homosexuals. Don‘t run to the verses
in the Bible that are used against homosexuals without first running to
the rest of the Bible. If we are going to be good students of the Bible, we
must hold the whole Bible while we simultaneously attend to its various
parts.
For example, the Bible verses that are commonly used against
homosexuals to tell them that their sexual orientation is an abomination
to God have been interpreted out of context. Their historical and
literary contexts are ignored. In other words, they have been
interpreted without holding the whole Bible while simultaneously
attending to its various parts. This, of course, I will attempt to prove
through careful analysis and synthesis of those passages against their
historical and literary backdrops (that is, in their historical and literary
contexts). includes understanding passages immediately adjacent to
them as well as those located in other parts of the Bible that provide
insights to their intended, as well as actual, meaning(s). This will
require an understanding of passages immediately adjacent as well as
those located in other parts of the Bible, which provide insights to
7
Webster‘s II New Riverside Dictionary, Riverside Publishing Company, 1984, page 577.
Copyright 2000, 2008, 2010 by Rev. Joseph Adam Pearson, Ph.D.
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Christianity and Homosexuality Reconciled!
Thus far, we have gone through Judaization and the rights of Gentiles,
anti-Semitism and the rights of Jews, slavery and the rights of racial
and ethnic minorities, and female clergy and the rights of women.
If you are Jewish and a Gentile Christian came up to you and began to
focus on passages in the Bible that put Jews in a bad light, perhaps
relative to their disobedience to Yahweh, or relative to the crucifixion of
Jesus Christ, you would know immediately that the person had his or
her own personal, political and/or social agenda.
If you are a racial and/or ethnic minority and someone from the racial
or ethnic majority came up to you and began to focus on passages in the
Bible that directly or indirectly support a caste system or slavery, you
would know immediately that the person had his or her own personal,
political and/or social agenda.
If you are a female and a male came up to you and began to focus on
passages in the Bible that directly or indirectly support women as
second class citizens or, even worse, as the property of males, you would
know immediately that the person had his or her own personal, political
and/or social agenda.
{27} But God chose the foolish things of the world to shame
the wise; God chose the weak things of the world to shame
the strong. {28} God chose the lowly things of this world
and the despised things — and the things that are not — to
nullify the things that are, {29} so that no one may boast
before the Lord.
One of the things that we are taught through God‘s Holy Word is that
God is ―no respecter of persons.‖ To be sure, this is a commonly-used
phrase in the King James Version of the Bible. (See Acts 10:34;
2 Samuel 14:14; 2 Chronicles 19:7; Romans 2:11; Ephesians 6:9; and
1 Peter 1:17.) Other translations render that phrase as God does ―not
show favoritism‖ or that He has ―no partiality.‖ In other words, the
Godhead is not impressed by our outer human appearance. (Really, the
Creator is not even impressed by our individual human personalities.)
Instead, what God cares most about is what is within our individual
hearts. We find this as a good object lesson in 1 Samuel 16:1-13. As
8
B.S. and M.S. in Biology from Loyola University (Chicago), one year in a doctoral program in
Anatomy at the University of Illinois Medical Center, and one year in a doctoral program in
Biology and Biochemistry at the University of Chicago. My earned doctorate is a Ph.D. from
Arizona State University and is in Education with specialization in Language, Literacy, and
Linguistics.
Copyright 2000, 2008, 2010 by Rev. Joseph Adam Pearson, Ph.D.
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Christianity and Homosexuality Reconciled!
recorded there, the prophet Samuel evaluated the sons of Jesse relative
to whom God was going to choose as the second king of the nation of
Israel. As the first son, Eliab, passed by, Samuel looked at him and
said, ―My, this is an impressive individual. Surely, this is the one whom
the LORD is going to choose! This must be the one!‖ (1 Samuel 16:6)
[paraphrase] However, the LORD responded to Samuel by instructing
him that He is ―no respecter of persons,‖ and that He does not evaluate
outward expression as human beings evaluate it:
In other words, the LORD looks at the inner core of an individual and
the intent of his or her heart. According to God, the true stature — or,
measure — of a person is determined by how much love is in his or her
heart. It is very important for us to understand that our human person
is merely an outward expression that may or may not reflect our inner
core, attitude, or intent accurately. That is why God is not impressed by
our outward expression, and that is why He shows no favoritism based
on it.
There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor
female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus. [underlining
mine]
Galatians 3:28 NIV
When the dead rise, they will neither marry nor be given in
marriage; they will be like the angels in heaven.
Mark 12:25 NIV9
9
See also Matthew 22:30 and Luke 20:35-36
Copyright 2000, 2008, 2010 by Rev. Joseph Adam Pearson, Ph.D.
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Christianity and Homosexuality Reconciled!
Since, then, you have been raised with Christ, set your
hearts on things above, where Christ is seated at the right
hand of God. Set your minds on things above, not on
earthly things. For you died, and your life is now hidden
with Christ in God. When Christ, who is your life, appears,
then you also will appear with him in glory.
Colossians 3:1-4 NIV
Let me ask this of you: In the reality of God, are we spiritual beings or
physical beings or both? In 1 Corinthians 15:49-50 KJV, we read:
To be sure, the testimony of the whole Bible is that human beings are
both spiritual and physical. However, what we now wear is a
corruptible body, — a body that perishes. But, one day we will have a
new body, — a body that is incorruptible and that does not perish.
And, that body will be glorious, for we shall be wearing the glory, or
brightness, of God (that is, we will be reflecting His glory)!
I believe very strongly in the triune nature of God: God the Father, God
the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. As I have searched the Scriptures, I
find everything that points to that particular doctrine being sound as
well as providing a solid foundation for understanding the one
I also believe that there is a triune nature to His created (we are ―His
created‖ collectively as well as individually), and that the triune nature
for each individual consists of ―spirit, soul, and body,‖ as described in
1 Thessalonians 5:23 (NIV).
So, the body is the form in which the individual takes shape — that is,
the person‘s appearance. We know what shape we are in right now
(that is, how we presently appear), but we do not yet know what we will
look like in heaven. In response to the question of our heavenly
appearance, the Apostle John wrote:
In other words, one day we will have a glorious body and heavenly form
just as our Lord and Savior now has a glorious body and heavenly form.
In this way, we await the redemption of our bodies:
God relates to His people in terms they can understand. The invisible
God does not have a penis and testes. In all probability, God presented
Himself to primitive people in masculine terms so that they (who easily
understood the concept of strength as in brute strength) might better
relate to His power and might. My point in this section is that God is
not as gender-focused as we happen to be.
Organized Religion
To date, organized religion has really served as a stumbling block,
hindering many homosexuals from coming to terms with the Creator as
well as coming to an understanding of who the Creator is as our Father
through His only-begotten Son, our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. This
stumbling block exists in contemporary Christianity, in particular, but
Copyright 2000, 2008, 2010 by Rev. Joseph Adam Pearson, Ph.D.
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Christianity and Homosexuality Reconciled!
also in Judaism as well, though it has been less difficult for many Jews
to reconcile their religion with homosexuality. For example, in the
December, 1993 issue of Bible Review, Rabbi Jacob Milgrom provides
us with one Judaic perspective of the prohibition of same-sex activity, as
recorded in Leviticus 18:22, in his article entitled, ―Does the Bible
Prohibit Homosexuality?‖
Many rabbis would tell Gentiles that the God of the Bible only requires
Gentiles to obey the rules, regulations and commandments, in what
Christians call the Old Testament and Jews call the Tanakh, up through
the time of Noah. Noah is considered a Gentile by Jews, because the
Semitic people technically originated through Noah‘s son, Shem.
Therefore, Noah is a Gentile and not a Jew. ―Noachide Laws‖ refer to
laws in the Bible up through the time of Noah.
For this reason, Rabbi Milgrom added this footnote to his work:
To be sure, Rabbi Milgrom does not take into consideration the Christian
perspective that God‘s grace fulfills as well as supersedes the Law of
11
Milgrom, Jacob. ―Does the Bible Prohibit Homosexuality?‖ In Bible Review, December 1993,
page 11. [brackets mine]
12
Ibid, page 11. [brackets mine]
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Christianity and Homosexuality Reconciled!
Moses, nor does he take into account the role that male temple cult
prostitution played in causing the LORD God Almighty to originally
institute the Levitical prohibition against same-sex behavior. (Male temple
cult prostitution, Levitical Law and God‘s grace will be treated in
Chapters Two and Three.) Additionally, keep in mind that in Judaism
there are Orthodox and Conservative perspectives as well as Reform
perspectives, and that I do not mean to suggest that all three are capsulized
by Rabbi Milgrom‘s comments.
Here, I would like to point out that there is a difference between the
phraseology ―same-sex behavior‖ and the ―homosexual orientation.‖
People who are uneducated, under-educated or miseducated about the
homosexual orientation often conclude that sexual activity itself
determines whether someone should be called homosexual or
heterosexual. They fail to realize that same sex activity does not
determine the homosexual orientation. Behavior does not determine
who is homosexual or heterosexual. Not all people who have had an
opposite-sex experience are heterosexual. Not all people who have had a
same-sex experience are homosexual. Not all people who are
heterosexual have had an opposite-sex experience. And, certainly, not
all people who are homosexual have had a same-sex experience.
Behavior does not determine who is homosexual or heterosexual, nor
for that matter, who is supposedly ex-gay or supposedly ex-straight.
the Faith earlier put forth the idea that, for some individuals,
homosexuality is an ―innate instinct.‖ I find it very curious that those two
words, ―innate instinct,‖ are used in that document, and that, despite their
use, homosexuality is still condemned. If one takes ―innate instinct‖ to its
logical conclusion, one should recognize that God would not condemn
people for a condition with which they have been born. Indeed, such a
position is not only contradictory, it is illogical as well.
of homosexuals would tell them (if they would only ask us) that as we were
developing, maturing, and ―growing up,‖ we would have given anything to
be like them. Why? Because no one would actually choose to be despised
or looked at as depraved and perverted. Nobody wants to be rejected by
the majority of society. And, even though other people have been
oppressed and rejected, I believe that there is an extra burden for
homosexuals, because, for example, though ethnic and racial minorities
often experience rejection from a prejudiced majority group, they can
generally turn to their own families for nurture and support. For many
homosexuals, such nurture and support are simply not available. To be
sure, many — if not most — homosexuals throughout the world have been
rejected even by their own family members. My own parents rejected me,
and I certainly am not an exception.
And, so, the advice I share with those of you who may have homosexual
family members is that you need to accept them for who and what they
are, continue to love them, and serve as a support system for them.
Without the support of family-of-origin members, many homosexuals have
taken their own lives, because they could not bear the emotional and
mental pain from the rejection of those they loved as well as those whose
love they desired and needed. Homosexuals learn to deal with the
rejection at the same time that it leaves a hole in our hearts.
Fortunately, Christ Jesus fills the gap through His love and acceptance.
It states in Scripture, ―When your father and mother reject you, the
Lord will take you up.‖ (Psalm 27:10)
I am sixty-two years of age at the time of this writing (2010), and I have
been socialized by gay and lesbian culture (I am not saying ―lifestyle‖ but
―culture‖). I have known gay and lesbian people for nearly half a century.
Unfortunately, I have known several people who have committed suicide,
including those who found the rejection by their family members to be
much too great an emotional pain to endure and burden to bear.
Certainly, I believe that there is individual responsibility for such acts of
desperation, but I also believe there is societal and familial responsibility
as well. And, I believe that many people will be asked by our Lord and
Savior, ―Why did you keep these people from Me? Why did you hinder
them from approaching My cross? Why did you not share the Gospel with
them in nonjudgmental, noncondemning, and loving ways?‖ I think it will
be very difficult for those who hear such questions at God‘s judgment seat
(or, ―Great White Throne‖ 13) to answer in a way with which they
themselves will be pleased, let alone our LORD.
Previously, Christian gays and lesbians who wanted to attend church had
only two options: Either they could go to a church that accepted them
because it watered down Scripture due to theological liberalism; or, they
could go to a church which threatened expulsion if they were honest about
who they really are. Today, Christian gays and lesbians need to attend
churches whose spiritual culture and climate are conducive to personal
growth without compromising the gospel message. I am hopeful that such
communities of faith will continue to develop during this third millennium
after the birth of Jesus Christ.
13
Revelation 20:11, King James Version.
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Christianity and Homosexuality Reconciled!
6. Are you afraid that others will reject you if they find out
that you are gay or lesbian?
Figure One
for me were written in your book before one of them came to be.
Psalm 139:13-16 NIV
14
―Answers to Your Question About Sexual Orientation and Homosexuality,‖ American
Psychological Association, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002-4242.
15
―Answers About Homosexuality,‖ prepared by the Oregon Psychological Association and
distributed by the Arizona Psychological Association, 202 East McDowell Road, Suite 170,
Phoenix, Arizona, 85004.
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Christianity and Homosexuality Reconciled!
Figure Two
True heterosexuals would not think of changing their sexual orientation,
because they cannot. So, too, true homosexuals should not think of
changing their sexual orientation. Unfortunately, however, because of
the prejudices and biases of a society whose majority is heterosexual,
many homosexuals end up closeting themselves and pretending (and
even longing) to be heterosexual.
Copyright 2000, 2008, 2010 by Rev. Joseph Adam Pearson, Ph.D.
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Christianity and Homosexuality Reconciled!
Homosexual people need to have more positive gay role models after
whom they might pattern their thinking, feeling, and behavior. As long
as society enforces ―don‘t ask, don‘t tell, don‘t-be-yourself‖ policies, gay
people will continue to suffer, and even die, needlessly.
and that our solar system is not the center of the physical universe.
After his conviction, Galileo ―was placed under house arrest for the rest
of his life.‖16
The issue of human sex identity is a complex one. There are many
legitimate questions regarding the genetic (or, chromosome) status,
phenotypic (or, anatomic) status, psychological (or, gender
identification) status, and sociological (or, society-assigned) status of sex
identity. In humans, sex identity may be determined by chromosome
composition (generally, XX for female and XY for male). However,
genetic testing is not always the best indicator of sex. Why? There are
a fair number of individuals who fall into intersex categories. For
instance: 1) those with abnormal chromosome composition or genetic
code variances; 2) genetic males who differentiate into anatomic females
due to androgen inaction or insensitivity; and, 3) genetic females who
differentiate into anatomic males because of exposure to abnormally
high amounts of androgens either in utero from their mothers‘
hyperactive adrenal glands or post partum from their own hyperactive
adrenal glands. (See Appendix A for a more detailed classification of
intersexuality.)
Perhaps you have heard or read that the basic human form is female.
That is not entirely true or accurate. What is true is that it is virtually
impossible to determine the sex of a developing human embryo five
16
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus (as it appeared in 2010)
Copyright 2000, 2008, 2010 by Rev. Joseph Adam Pearson, Ph.D.
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Christianity and Homosexuality Reconciled!
17
Haqq et al. ―Molecular Basis of Mammalian Sexual Determination: Activation of Müllerian
Inhibiting Substance Gene Expression by SRY.‖ Science, Volume 266, December 2, 1994, pages
1494-1500.
Copyright 2000, 2008, 2010 by Rev. Joseph Adam Pearson, Ph.D.
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Christianity and Homosexuality Reconciled!
18
Wilson, Jean D., M.D. ―Sex Testing in International Athletics.‖ Journal of the American Medical
Association, Vol. 267, No. 6, 1992, page 853.
Copyright 2000, 2008, 2010 by Rev. Joseph Adam Pearson, Ph.D.
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Christianity and Homosexuality Reconciled!
19
Hu, Stella et al. ―Linkage between sexual orientation and chromosome Xq28 in males but not in
females.‖ Nature Genetics 11, November 1995, pages 248-256.
20
LaVay, Simon. ―Brain Structure Difference Between Heterosexual and Homosexual Men.‖ New
England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 162, Issue 9, 1995, pages 145-167.
21
Whitam, Frederick L, Milton Diamond, and James Martin. ―Homosexual Orientation in Twins: A
Report on 61 Pairs and Three Triplet Sets.‖ Archives of Sexual Behavior, Vol. 22, No. 3,
November 3, 1993, pages 187-206.
Copyright 2000, 2008, 2010 by Rev. Joseph Adam Pearson, Ph.D.
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Christianity and Homosexuality Reconciled!
functioning ovarian tissue. It does not matter what other body parts the
individual has, or does not have. As long as these two criteria are met,
then the person is considered a true hermaphrodite. Additionally, there
are individuals who might appear to be hermaphrodites but are actually
pseudohermaphrodites.
22
Kimura, Doreen. ―Sex Differences in the Brain.‖ Scientific American, September 1992, page 124.
Copyright 2000, 2008, 2010 by Rev. Joseph Adam Pearson, Ph.D.
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Christianity and Homosexuality Reconciled!
It may come as a surprise to you, but even the so-called ―male‖ and
―female‖ hormone categories are misnomers, because both males and
females produce both androgens and estrogens. It is the relative
proportions of these two categories of hormones that differ and not so
much the hormone categories themselves. Generally speaking, in the
adult human population, 90% of the sex steroids in males are androgens
and 10% are estrogens; concomitantly, 90% of the sex steroids in
females are estrogens and 10% are androgens. (Just as ―androgen‖ is a
category of sex steroid hormones, so, too, is ―estrogen‖ a category of sex
steroid hormones, including β-estradiol, estrone, and estriol.)
23
Meyer-Bahlburg, Heino et al. ―Prenatal Estrogens and the Development of Homosexual
Orientation.‖ Developmental Psychology, 31, 1995, pages 12-21.
Copyright 2000, 2008, 2010 by Rev. Joseph Adam Pearson, Ph.D.
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Christianity and Homosexuality Reconciled!
24
Ibid., page 12. [brackets mine]
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Christianity and Homosexuality Reconciled!
So, there still remains a dilemma, then, for many people who are
Christian, who would like to be Christian, or who would like to continue
in their Christianity, relative to the issue of homosexuality. To them,
our anomalous condition (that is, our homosexuality) is considered
sinful, perverted, and disgusting. Additionally, they believe that our
condition is considered an abomination by the LORD God Almighty.
To be sure, there are those who would argue that because Jesus went on
to heal the blind man so, too, will he heal homosexuals of their
homosexuality. The answer to the question of whether or not
homosexuals need to be healed of their homosexuality will be carefully
considered based on Scripture in the chapters to follow.
In bringing this chapter to a close, I would like to add that just as most
people consider vision the ideal condition in contrast to blindness, so,
too, do most consider heterosexuality the ideal condition in contrast to
homosexuality. However, some blind people actually consider their
When studying the Holy Bible, we need to hold the whole Bible while
simultaneously attending to its various parts. We should never
translate, interpret or apply individual Bible verses in isolation! I
emphasized this already, and I will continue to emphasize this in the
chapters to follow.
In other words, we are to share our resources with those who are the
most vulnerable, and we are to resist demonic and fleshly temptations.
We are to learn as much as we can about ourselves through science, so
that we can correctly apply religion in principle, ethically and morally,
with analysis through deductive and inductive reasoning, as well as in
good conscience.
Chapter Two:
Sodom and Sodomites Revisited
Introduction
In this chapter, the story of Sodom is recounted in order for us to come
to a better understanding of what is represented by it as well as by other
Biblical references to it and to the ill-chosen word sodomite.
בְּ תוְֹך הָ עִ יר; הַ ַאף ִת ְּספֶ ה,יקם ִ אּולַי יֵׁש חֲ ִמ ִשים צַ ִד
יקם אֲ ֶׁשר ִ לְּ מַ עַ ן חֲ ִמ ִשים הַ צַ ִד, ִת ָשא לַםָ קוֹם-וְּ ֹלא
.בְּ ִק ְּרבָ ּה
In Genesis 18:24, ―Tza-da-keem‖ יקם ִ צַ ִדand ―Ha-Tza-da-keem‖
יקםִ הַ צַ ִדrefer to ―righteous [people]‖ and ―the righteous [people],‖
respectively. Tza-da-keem and Ha-Tza-da-keem can also translated as
―innocent [people],‖ and ―the innocent [people].‖
The LORD said to Abraham, ―All right, if there are fifty righteous within
the city, then I will spare the city.‖ Abraham was delighted, of course,
and quickly moved to ask the LORD to consider forty-five: ―Will you
spare the city of Sodom if there are only forty-five righteous?‖ And the
LORD said, ―Yes.‖ So, Abraham continued to barter with God from
forty-five to forty to thirty to twenty and, finally, to ten. Although the
LORD‘s patience may have been tried, He ultimately answered, ―For the
sake of ten, I will not destroy Sodom.‖ Thus, the deal that Abraham
worked out with the LORD was that the LORD would spare the city if ten
righteous could be found within its walls.
25
See also Genesis 15:1-21 and Exodus 12:40-41.
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Scripture clearly teaches that Abraham had faith and that righteous-
ness was imputed to him because of his faith. (Romans 4:20-22 and
James 2:23) From our knowledge of what happened to Sodom, it
should be clear that the city did not even have ten people who had faith
—and, thereby, possessed righteousness — in the LORD God Almighty,
Yahweh. The people of Sodom were considered wicked or guilty by the
LORD God Almighty. They were considered wicked or guilty, because
they worshiped false gods.
Upon reading Genesis 19:1-15, we learn that two angelic visitors came
to Sodom and that Lot saw the visitors and beckoned them into his
home, cautioning them not to spend the night in the town square. Why?
Town squares then were much like older downtown areas of many cities
today. They were sometimes dangerous and hostile, especially to
identifiable strangers. Once the angels were inside Lot‘s home, it is
recorded that the people of the city gathered together and called out,
―Send the two visitors out that we may know them.‖ (Genesis 19:5 KJV)
Let‘s look at the Hebrew of the Masoretic text (or, the traditional text)
for Genesis 19:4:
וְּ ַא ְּנ ֵׁשי הָ עִ יר ַא ְּנ ֵׁשי ְּסדֹם נָסַ בּו, יִ ְּׁש ָכבּו,טֶ ֶרם
. ִמ ָקצֶ ה,הָ עָ ם- כָל:זָ ֵקן- ִממַעַ ר וְּ עַ ד,הַ בַ יִ ת-עַ ל
Interestingly, the King James Version of the Bible does a very good job
in its rendering of Genesis 19:4. It translates 19:4 as follows:
But before they lay down, the men [translated from the
Hebrew word (above) Enosh ְּׁש ֵ ]ַאנof the city, [even] the
men [again, from the Hebrew word Enosh ְּׁש ֵ ]ַאנof Sodom,
compassed the house round, both old and young, all the
people [translated from the Hebrew word Am ]עָ םfrom
every quarter.
If only the Hebrew word Enosh ְּׁשֵ ַאנwas used in Genesis 19:4, then I
might concede that it was only the males who gathered together outside
of Lot‘s house. But it would only be a concession, since the Hebrew
word Enosh ֵ ַאנְּׁשcan mean either ―males‖ or ―people.‖ However,
since the Hebrew word Am עָ םis also used later in the same verse in
the phraseology, ―all the people from every quarter,‖ it can be
interpreted that both adult males and females — young adults and older
adults — came from all parts of the city to descend upon Lot‘s house.
Let‘s now look at the Hebrew of the Masoretic text (again, the
traditional text) for Genesis 19:5:
Even though you may not have been able to identify the second to the
last word in the preceding Hebrew version of Genesis 19:5 (in red
above), it is a verb form of the word ya-daw‘ that has been translated in
the King James as ―that we might know.‖
in context and you really don‘t know the meaning of a Hebrew word
unless, again, you read it in context.
In Genesis 19:5, the second-to-last Hebrew word from which the word
―know‖ is derived is ya-daw‘ — ידעreading the characters from left to
right as yod י, dalet ד, and ayin ע, all three of which together can be
translitereated as ya-daw‘, ya-duh‘, or ya-dah‘.
Most words in English are multinyms, which means that almost every
word in English has multiple meanings and nuances, which can only be
determined when the word is studied in context. What is true for
English is also true for Hebrew. For example, in English, the word
―cleave‖ can mean ―to join together,‖ but it can also mean ―to
separate.‖ In Hebrew, the word ―qadesh‖ can mean ―holy‖ or,
depending on context, it can also mean, ―something pretentiously holy‖
or even ―unholy.‖ The Hebrew word ya-daw‘ is somewhat like the
English word date, which can mean ―day of the year,‖ ―innocent
prearranged social engagement,‖ or, more colloquially, a ―sexual
encounter between a prostitute and his or her customer.‖
For example, when ya-daw‘ ידעis used in Genesis 3:22 (―to know good
and evil‖), its meaning is ―to know cognitively or intellectually .‖ When
ya-daw‘ ידעis used in Genesis 4:1 (―Adam knew Eve‖), its meaning is
―to experience intimately in consensual sex.‖ And, when ya-daw‘ ידע
is used in Genesis 19:5 and Judges 19:25, its meaning is ―to rape‖ (and
is translated as such in the American Standard and New International
Version translations of Judges 19:25 but not Genesis 19:5). Then, ―so
that we may know them‖ (Genesis 19:5 KJV) really means ―to know
carnally by brute force‖ — or, more specifically in this context, ―so that
we might rape them.‖
Anyone who tries to make the story of Sodom just a story about getting
to know someone intellectually is doing the written word of God an
injustice. The story of Sodom is not about getting to know people
intellectually. The story of Sodom is not even about consensual sex
between two adults. The story of Sodom is about intended rape, which
is always violent and brutal. And, the story of Sodom is not about rape
just between males but the intended rape of two angelic visitors by all of
the adult townspeople. Even if I conceded that it may only be referring
to the males of the city, it is still referring to rape. How can anyone
confuse consensual sex with rape?
After Lot offered his daughters to the men of the city, what happened
next is that the angelic visitors struck the men blind, and Lot and his
family immediately left the city. The city was then destroyed.
Unfortunately, the story of Sodom is often linked erroneously to
modern-day homosexuality.
infirmities or defects at the same time that it draws attention away from
the perpetrator‘s own feelings of inadequacy, inferiority, and lack of
control. Rape is an act of violence, domination and rage meant to
victimize others in order to humiliate and control them. Again, the
issue in the story of Sodom is not an issue of consensual sexual activity
or intimacy between two people but an issue of violence and
victimization through group rape.
If there is anyone reading this book who has been the victim of rape, I
pray, right now, in the Name of Jesus Christ, that our Lord take away
any guilt or shame that you may have unwittingly accepted and that our
Lord imbue you with the perfect love that will enable you to forgive the
perpetrator of this horrible and heinous crime against you. Please know
that your forgiveness of the perpetrator is a process and will take time.
Don‘t be hard on yourself if you have not yet found forgiveness in your
heart toward the perpetrator of this crime. This perpetrator committed
a crime against you as well as the loved ones who grieve for you. I
encourage you to talk not only with your pastor and your loved ones but
also a trained psychotherapist to help sort through your traumatized
emotions.
As the two are traveling, they happen upon the city of Gibeah, where
they were cautioned not to stay in the town square, like the angels who
visited Sodom. They were cautioned by an older resident of Gibeah,
who said, ―No, please do not stay in this dangerous place. Instead, come
to my home, where I will provide for you and protect you.‖ So the
Levite and his concubine ended up going home with the man of Gibeah.
The parallels that exist between Genesis 19:1-15 and Judges 19:1-20:5
are summarized in Figure Three, on the following page.
26
Webster‘s II New Riverside Dictionary, Riverside Publishing Company, 1984, page 577.
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Figure Three
Though there were other pagan deities worshiped in Canaan, the major
fertility deities included the gods Molech and Baal and the goddess
Ashtoreth (all summarized in Figure Four):
their people both him and all who follow him in prostituting
themselves to Molech.
Leviticus 20:1-5 NIV
Baal Often, the Baal-type god was specific for different city-states
that existed within the Canaanite region. At times, Baal בַ עַ לwas used
as an umbrella term for all ―Baalim‖ (the Hebrew ―-im‖ ending here
denotes the masculine plural) or ―Baal gods‖ of the region. Variant
forms of the name Baal include ―Bel,‖ and ―Beel.‖ The name Baal, or
one of its variant forms, was often incorporated into the names of
various pagan people, like Jezebel, who was a devotee, or priestess, of
Baal, and her father, Ethbaal:
Though Baal represents an evil thing, the word Baal itself is not evil; it
simply means ―lord‖ or ―master‖ in Hebrew. Although the word means
―lord,‖ ―Baal‖ should not be confused with Adonai or Shem (or its
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Finally, Ashtoreth, Ishtar, Ashtar, and Astarte all represent the pagan
goddess often referred to by the appellation ―Queen of Heaven.‖ (See
Jeremiah 7:18; 44:17-19; and 44:25.) The ―Asherah pole‖ אש ֵָׁרה ֲ ,
mentioned earlier in 1 Kings 16:33, was a huge pole or totem, made of
stone or wood, erected in honor of one of the manifestations of
Ashtoreth (and sometimes Baal) and thought to be in the form of a
phallus (or, penis).28
The king [Josiah] also desecrated the high places that were
east of Jerusalem on the south of the Hill of Corruption —
the ones Solomon king of Israel had built for Ashtoreth, the
vile goddess of the Sidonians … Josiah smashed the sacred
stones and cut down the Asherah poles and covered the sites
with human bones [to indicate that these sites were cursed].
2 Kings 23:13-14 NIV
28
Nicoll, Reverend W. Robertson (editor). The Expositor‘s Bible, Volume 6, Funk and Wagnalls,
New York, 1900, pages 304, 389.
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And the children of Israel did evil again in the sight of the
LORD, and served Baalim, and Ashtaroth.
Judges 10:6 KJV
Figure Four
cults that worshiped these fertility gods and goddesses. And ―fertility
cults‖ is really a good descriptor for them. In order to honor these
pagan deities, worshipers either offered their seed (that is, their ―life‖)
through masturbation and sacrifice of their children; or, they
committed sexual acts with the so-called priests and priestesses, who
worked either in the temples constructed to these false gods or in
quarters adjacent to them. To be sure, there were many different cult
priests and priestesses who functioned as temple prostitutes throughout
antiquity in lands that bordered the Mediterranean Sea, including
Canaan, the land in which Sodom was located.
Idolatry is what the children of Israel were faced with when they
entered into the Promised Land (―the land of Canaan‖). One of the
reasons that the LORD God Almighty had told them to slay everyone
and get rid of all of the people who were occupying the land of Canaan
was to prevent the children of Israel from gradually being influenced by
idolatrous worship practices and, subsequently, ending up estranged
from the LORD God Almighty by adopting such profane behaviors.
Hence, the LORD gave the following directives:
You must destroy all the people the LORD your God gives
over to you. Do not look on them with pity and do not serve
their gods, for that will be a snare to you.
Deuteronomy 7:16 NIV
The images of their gods you are to burn in the fire. Do not
covet the silver and gold on them, and do not take it for
yourselves, or you will be ensnared by it, they are to-ev-ot
―[ ת ֹועֲבַ תdetestable,‖ ―abominable‖ or ―idolatrous‖] to the
LORD your God. Do not bring a to-ev-ah [ תוֹעֵ בָ הa
―detestable thing,‖ an ―abomination‖ or an ―idol‖] into
your house or you, like it, will be set apart for destruction.
Utterly abhor and detest it, for it is set apart for
destruction. [brackets and underlining mine]
Deuteronomy 7:25-26 NIV
But if you turn away and ally yourselves with the survivors
of these [pagan] nations that remain among you and if you
intermarry with them and associate with them, then you
may be sure that the LORD your God will no longer drive
out these nations before you. Instead, they will become
snares and traps for you, whips on your backs and thorns in
your eyes, until you perish from this good land, which the
LORD your God has given you. [brackets mine]
Joshua 23:12-13 NIV
Even King Solomon, son of King David, fell to such idolatrous worship:
Yes, the hearts of the children of Israel were constantly turned in the
direction of idolatrous worship practices. They were regularly pulled in
the direction of offering sexual ―sacrifices‖ to fertility gods and goddess
and other pagan deities. Finally, just like those who indulged the
idolatrous practices of the Roman Empire common during the
beginning of New Testament times, ―God gave them over in the sinful
desires of their hearts to sexual impurity.‖ (Romans 1:24 NIV)
And there were also sodomites in the land; and they did
according to all the abominations of the nations which the
LORD cast out before the children of Israel.
1 Kings 14:24 KJV
The five times that the singular and plural forms of the word sodomite
are used are particularly significant, because most people (even most
people who are not Christian) view the words homosexual and sodomite
as synonyms — which is to say, that they are interchangeable.
In other words, even when most students of the Bible read the words
sodomite and sodomites, they automatically assume the meaning of the
words to be ―homosexual‖ and ―homosexuals.‖ But, relative to
etymology, sodomite and homosexual are not interchangeable. In other
words, relative to the Hebrew derivation from which the words
sodomite and sodomites have been translated, a sodomite is not a
homosexual.
Now, the word qadesh itself is not an evil word — just like the Hebrew
word Baal is not an ―evil‖ word — but the word qadesh represents an
evil thing. Actually, in contexts different from that currently
considered, the word qadesh simply means ―sacred, ―set apart,‖
―consecrated,‖ or ―holy.‖ However, the true Hebrew meaning of
―sodomite‖ in these particular literary contexts (that is, the indicated
five verses in which sodomite/sodomites is found) refers to a male
consecrated to idolatrous worship through sacrificial prostitution. In
Strong‘s Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, we find that ―qadesh‖ or
―kawdashe‖ has a significantly different meaning from ―homosexual.‖
Basically, what the word means in this context is ―a quasi-sacred person
— that is, technically, a male devotee by prostitution to licentious
idolatry.‖29 In this case, the male devotee was devoted in idolatrous
worship to one of the Canaanite fertility deities, such as Molech, Baal,
or Ashtoreth.
29
Strong, James. ―Hebrew and Chaldee Dictionary of the Bible‖ in Strong‘s Exhaustive
Concordance of the Bible. World Bible Publishers, 1973, page 135. [The original was published in
1890.]
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Unfortunately, the New King James Version of the Bible does not do a
very good job. It translates ―qadesh/qadeshim‖ as ―perverted
person/perverted persons.‖ So, if readers are already biased (that is,
believing homosexuals to be perverted versions of God‘s standard),
there would be no reason for them to question the accuracy of the New
King James Version relative to this particular rendering in the New
King James Version of the Bible.
The writers of the Living Bible have promoted the error that all male
homosexuals are prostitutes! It would be just as inaccurate for us to
conclude that all female heterosexuals are prostitutes, because we saw
one female heterosexual prostitute on the street. How unfair would that
be?
Now, compare 1 Kings 14:24 in the Revised Standard Version with that
in the Living Bible:
And there were also male cult prostitutes in the land. They
did according to the abominations of the nations which the
And there were also male temple cult prostitutes in the land.
They did according to the ―to-ev-ot‖ [ ּת ֹו ֲעבֹתthe idolatries]
of the nations which the LORD drove out before the people
of Israel.
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Christianity and Homosexuality Reconciled!
And there were also male temple cult prostitutes in the land.
They did according to the idolatrous customs of the nations
which the LORD drove out before the people of Israel.
[King Josiah] also tore down the quarters of the male shrine
prostitutes [―male shrine prostitutes‖ translated from the
Hebrew qadeshim ] ְּקדֵ ִׁׁשיםwhich were in the temple of the
LORD and where women did weaving for the Asherah
Though you may think it absolutely unbelievable that the form of the
penis was worshiped, all you have to do is wander past the display cases
in most museums that house antiquities, and take a look at the artifacts
that have survived from both ancient Greek and Roman
societies, and from many earlier cultures and civilizations as well, and
you will find that, in a majority of these pagan societies, the penis was
idolized.
The penis is still idolized and worshiped in many cultures today. As one
example, all you need to do is put in the words ―Hounen Penis Fertility
Festival‖ into your internet search engine and you will easily find
pictures of people worshiping the penis today, even engraving their
prayers on the sides of plastic and ceramic penises.
I was fortunate to have lived in Chicago at the time that the Pompeii
Exhibit was brought to that city‘s Art Institute. As I looked at the
artifacts from Pompeii, it was absolutely amazing to me that a major
focus was on external genitals, specifically the phallus. For example, an
ashtray or little decorative piece that might have been hanging from
someone‘s ceiling or wall would have multiple phallic symbols dangling
from it! Truly, it was a decadent, depraved, immoral society that crept
into the consciousness of the children of Israel and encroached upon
their worship of the LORD God Almighty, even going so far as to
introduce phallus worship (vis-à-vis the worship of the Asherah pole)
within the Holy Temple of the LORD God Almighty in Jerusalem! Yes,
such a thing is ―detestable,‖ ―disgusting,‖ and ―abominable.‖
Lest you think that food sacrificed to idols is just an activity from the
ancient past, when I was in Brazil doing my seminar and workshop
entitled, ―Christianity and Homosexuality Reconciled,‖ I found many,
many street vendors on street corners as well as throughout the streets,
who belonged to the Candomblé, selling meat that had been sacrificed to
pagan gods and goddesses This happens today in many regions of the
world.
Outside are the dogs: those who practice magic arts, the
sexually immoral, the murderers, the idolaters and
everyone who loves and practices falsehood. [For God,
―practicing falsehood‖ is not just lying but devising a
system of worship for anything other than the Lord God
Almighty.]
Revelation 22:15 NIV
practices falsehood.
Revelation 22:15 JNT
31
Ibid., page 965. [first set of brackets mine]
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In Isaiah 3:8-9, the sinful conditions of both Judah and Jerusalem are
compared to Sodom. The LORD God Almighty compares the sins of
Sodom to the sins of Jerusalem and Judah:
Yes, God hates idolatry. Idolatry was, is, and always will be
―abominable‖ and ―detestable‖ [―to-ev-ah‖ עבָה ֵׁ ] תֹוto Him. Idolatrous
practices will always be ―to-ev-ot‖ עבָה
ֵׁ תֹוto Him:
And God spoke all these words: ―I am the LORD your God,
who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery.
You shall have no other gods before me. You shall not
make for yourself an idol in the form of anything in heaven
above or on the earth beneath or in the waters below. You
shall not bow down to them or worship them; for I, the
LORD your God, am a jealous God, punishing the children
for the sin of the fathers to the third and fourth generation
of those who hate me.‖
Exodus 20:1-5 NIV
Idolatry — taken together with the detestable things that people did,
and still do in different parts of the world today (that is, integrating
sexual activities into the worship of false gods and goddesses) — is what
God hates. Idolaters are identified in Exodus 20:5 as ―those who hate‖
God.
I tell you the truth, it will be more bearable for Sodom and
Gomorrah on the day of judgment than for that town.
Matthew 10:15 NIV
And if any place will not welcome you, shake the dust off
your feet when you leave, as a testimony against them.
Mark 6:11 NIV
The Lord Jesus Christ, when referring to Sodom, did so relative to the
hospitality of cities concerning the preached Gospel, or ―evangel.‖ So,
basically, our Lord was saying to evangelists that if the inhabitants of a
city are inhospitable to the gospel message, then leave the city and it will
be far worse for its inhabitants than it was for the inhabitants of Sodom.
In other words, when the two types of inhospitality are compared, it will
be worse to be judged inhospitable to the evangel rather than being
judged inhospitable to an angel.
In the King James Version of the Bible, the word sodomite is not used in
the New Testament. In the New King James Version, however, it is used
to translate the Greek word ἀρσενοκοῖται (arsenokoitai) regarding
those who will not inherit the kingdom of God:
Do you not know that the unrighteous will not inherit the
kingdom of God? Do not be deceived. Neither fornicators,
nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor homosexuals, nor
sodomites, nor thieves, nor covetous, nor drunkards, nor
revilers, nor extortioners will inherit the kingdom of God.
1 Corinthians 6:9-10 NKJV
Upon first glance, it would appear that there is some redundancy in the
previously-quoted passage (that is, the list that contains both
―homosexuals‖ and ―sodomites‖). The translations of the two words
here are somewhat puzzling, especially when homosexuals and
sodomites are supposed to be one and the same! Actually, there is no
redundancy in the Greek, just inconsistency and inaccuracy in the
English translations of the two words malakoi (translated in the NKJV
as ―homosexuals‖) and arsenokoitai (translated in the NKJV as
―sodomites‖).
Malakoi
For example, in the New International Version of the Bible, the Greek
word μαλακοὶ (malakoi) is interpreted as ―male prostitutes.‖ In the
Modern Language Version, both malakoi and arsenokoitai are rendered
There are those who would argue that malakoi, by extension, might be
referring to ―lazy people,‖ ―indolent ones,‖ or ―the pampered rich‖ —
which message would not be so far afield from this statement by Christ
Jesus:
I tell you the truth, it is hard for a rich man to enter the
Personally, I think that the most substantive clue for the meaning of
malakoi can be found in Saint Jerome‘s Latin Vulgate version of the
Bible, which was published in 405 AD. In order to translate the Hebrew
Old Testament and Greek New Testament into Latin, Saint Jerome (c.
345 - 420 AD) had to be a scholar of Hebrew, Greek and Latin. What
he tried to do was translate the Old Testament Hebrew and the New
Testament Greek into an overall Latin version that could be used within
32
The Zondervan Parallel New Testament in Greek and English. Zondervan Bible Publishers,
Grand Rapids, 1975, page 495.
33
Scroggs, Robin. The New Testament and Homosexuality. Augsburg Fortress Publications, 1994.
34
The Catholic Study Bible (Second Edition). Oxford University Press, New York, 2006, page 1523.
Copyright 2000, 2008, 2010 by Rev. Joseph Adam Pearson, Ph.D.
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Interestingly, the scholars who translated the 1611 version of the King
James New Testament often adopted the same Latin-based terminology
found in the 1582 Catholic New Testament translation known to Roman
Catholics as the Douay-Rheims Bible. Although the King James
scholars were expressly forbidden from drawing from the Douay-
Rheims Bible, it is clear that they did so in preference over slightly less
erudite Bible translations such as the Tyndale Bible, the Coverdale
Bible or the Geneva Bible. The Douay-Rheims Bible is a direct
translation of St. Jerome‘s Latin Vulgate version of the Bible, which
was completed by St. Jerome in 405 AD.
Arsenokoitai
35
Greenberg, Op cit., page 213. [brackets mine]
36
Greenberg, Op cit., page 98.
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Christianity and Homosexuality Reconciled!
Arsenokoitai can be divided into two portions: the base word koitai,
referring to active sexual partners who provide sexual service, and the
prefix arseno-, which simply means ―male.‖ It is unclear if the arseno-
prefix is used here in a qualifying or objective sense (which is to say,
that those who were providing the sexual service were themselves male
or that they were servicing males). This uncertainty is especially
germane, since in ancient societies that predate Greece and Rome, there
existed male temple cult prostitutes who sexually serviced both male
and female temple-worshipers that participated in pagan rituals. And,
coincidentally, they serviced both male and female worshipers anally.
Some have argued that the Apostle Paul or the Hellenistic Jewish
society of his day coined arsenokoitai from the Septuagint Greek
translation of Leviticus 18:22 and 20:13, where the uncompounded
Greek phrase … arsenos … koitun is used to
translate the original Hebrew of ―lying with a male,‖ which would help
show Paul‘s intended meaning, since (as I will demonstrate in Chapter
Three) the historical and literary contexts for Leviticus 18:22 and 20:13
are idolatrous and prostitutional in nature by cross-referencing
Leviticus 18:22 with 1 Kings 14:24.
In the final analysis, the arsenokoitai are most probably male temple
cult prostitutes who sexually serviced both male and female temple-
worshipers that participated in pagan fertility rituals. (Again, both
male and female worshipers were serviced anally.)
38
Boswell, Op cit., page 344.
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Christianity and Homosexuality Reconciled!
Figure Five
There were four types of male-male sexual relations that were common
in ancient Greece and Rome to which the Apostle Paul was exposed
during his own lifetime. Here, again, it is important for me to remind
you that there is a distinction between ―same-sex behaviors‖ and
―homosexual practices.‖ Romantic involvement between people of a
homosexual orientation are different from same-sex sexual activities
that may occur between people of unresolved sexual orientation. I say
―unresolved‖ not to describe their internal conflict or the uncertainty of
how they view themselves but, rather, to describe that it is indeter-
The Apostle Paul did not know any monogamous homosexual partners.
The Apostle Paul did not know any Christian homosexuals. The Apostle
Paul did not write about what he did not know.
The second type of male-male sexual relations with which the Apostle
Paul was acquainted occurred between elite and powerful Roman
citizens and statutory minors. In this usage, ―statutory minors‖ were
those who did not possess full legal rights as Roman citizens, including
slaves and youth.
The Roman society of the Apostle Paul‘s time was a slave-based society.
For example, the city of Corinth had 400,000 inhabitants, 150,000 of
whom were free-born citizens and 250,000 of whom were slaves. Some
of the slaves held by the Roman citizens were sexual slaves. Sexual
slaves included both young females as well as young males. The Latin
word concubini (which is the plural form of concubinus), which was in
use during the Apostle Paul‘s time, refers to ―slave boys acting as
bedroom partners.‖39
39
From The Arapanacana Press. In 2010: http://www.arapacana.com/glossary/co.html
Copyright 2000, 2008, 2010 by Rev. Joseph Adam Pearson, Ph.D.
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Christianity and Homosexuality Reconciled!
The Apostle Paul did not know any monogamous homosexual partners.
The Apostle Paul did not know any Christian homosexuals. The Apostle
Paul did not write about what he did not know.
The third type of male-male sexual relations with which the Apostle
Paul was acquainted occurred between male prostitutes and the
procurers of their sexual services, especially in seaport cities like
Corinth and Rome. Male prostitution was so common in the city of
Corinth and the city of Rome that male prostitutes were taxed. In fact,
April 24th was the legal holiday for male prostitutes in ancient Rome.
The Apostle Paul did not know any monogamous homosexual partners.
The Apostle Paul did not know any Christian homosexuals. The Apostle
Paul did not write about what he did not know.
The fourth type of male-male sexual relations with which the Apostle
Paul was acquainted occurred between both transvestite and non-
transvestite male temple cult prostitutes who dedicated male-male anal
intercourse (and male-female anal intercourse) to fertility gods and
goddesses. For example, fertility mother goddess cults were attended by
castrated and/or transvestite priests who engaged in same-sex practices.
These so-called priests could be found in temples, and quarters adjacent
to them, and were consecrated to serve various fertility goddesses.
The Apostle Paul did not know any monogamous homosexual partners.
The Apostle Paul did not know any Christian homosexuals. The Apostle
Paul did not write about what he did not know.
There were other Greek words that the Apostle Paul could have used,
whose meanings today would be much clearer than the two Greek
words used in 1 Corinthians 6:9, malakoi and arsenokoitai. For
example, the word pair philerastes and pederastes and the word pair
philetor and eromenos constitute two word pairs that indicated males
who were involved in same-sex activities, some of which were
transgenerational and some of which were not. Here,
―transgenerational‖ refers, for example, to the sexual relationship
between an older soldier or mentor and a younger male in his mid-teens
to early twenties. Their temporary sexual pairing was really quite
common in some segments of both ancient Greek and Roman societies.
In ancient Greece, there was even a god of such unions, called ―Eros.‖
Regardless, the Greek words malakoi and arsenokoitai, used in 1
Corinthians 6:9, do not mean ―modern-day Christian homosexuals.‖
Modern-day Christian homosexual society did not exist at the time that
Paul lived.
so paired. Although you may have heard or read that the Greek and
Roman empires fell because of homosexuality, that simply is not true.
Those empires may have fallen because of pagan idolatry and their
pleasure-driven societies but not because of homosexuality. Lifelong
unions between same-sex couples were virtually nonexistent during
ancient Greece and ancient Rome. Committed monogamous
relationships between people of the same sex were rare and considered
distasteful.
The Apostle Paul did not know any monogamous homosexual partners.
The Apostle Paul did not know any Christian homosexuals. The Apostle
Paul did not write about what he did not know.
What three words best describe use of Bible passages against Christian
homosexuals? Mistranslation, misinterpretation and misapplication!
Chapter One of the Apostle Paul‘s Epistle to the Romans helps make
this recurring magnetic pull toward pagan cultism crystal clear, since it
speaks of the tendency of worshipers to turn from God toward idolatry.
It should be clear to anyone who has ears to hear or eyes to see that
those who changed the glory of this incorruptible and invisible God into
images made to look like corruptible and visible beings — including
human beings, birds, mammals, and reptiles — were pagan idolaters.
Although somewhat redundant, I am using the words ―pagan idolaters‖
together to give added emphasis as to who were actually involved in the
acts described in the verses of Romans, Chapter One, that follow.
So, wherever the words ―they,‖ ―them,‖ and ―their‖ occur, I am going
to replace them with the words ―the pagan idolaters‖ or the words
And, although the Greek words of Romans 1:26 para physin παρὰ
φύσιν (physin φύσιν from physis φύσις) are translated as ―against
nature‖ in the King James Version, or as ―unnatural‖ in the New
International Version, para physin can also be translated as
―unconventional, ‖ just as the Greek word physikun φσσικὴν (from
physikos φσσικός) can be translated as ―conventional.‖
For example, when the Apostle Paul was referring to men‘s hair length
in 1 Corinthians 11:14, he was not referring to nature or biology but to
the traditions or conventions of the day:
Does not even nature itself teach you, that, if a man have
long hair, it is a shame unto him? [The word ―nature,‖
here, has been imprecisely translated from the Greek word
physis φύσις.]
The Apostle Paul certainly did not intend for the Greek word physis
φύσις to be translated as ―nature‖ in 1 Corinthians 11:14, since nature
itself does show that hair length grows continuously! Indeed, nature, or
biology, shows that both men and women grow long hair if it is not cut.
In writing about hair length, the Apostle Paul was commenting about
what is conventional and not what is ―against nature‖ or ―in agreement
with nature.‖ Similarly, in the King James Version of Romans 1:26, the
words ―against nature‖ have been imprecisely translated from the
Greek words para physin παρὰ φύσιν. Although the Greek word para
παρὰ can be translated as ―against,‖ it can also be translated as
―beside‖ or ―along side of.‖ To illustrate this, the paratroopers that are
sent out in war are not sent to fight ―against‖ the troops or foot soldiers,
they are sent to fight ―beside,‖ or ―along side of‖ the troops. The word
―unconventional‖ is important here, because it does not conjure up the
condemnation that is invoked by the words ―against nature.‖ By using
―unconventional‖ instead of ―against nature,‖ Romans Chapter One,
becomes more of the report (or, retelling) that the Apostle Paul
intended.
The fact that Romans 1:26 is not about sex between women, coupled
with the complete absence of a reference to women in Leviticus 18:22 in
the Old Testament, should be clear, compelling, and convincing to you
that the Holy Bible does not address female same-sex behaviors.
…Never! …Not once! That the Holy Bible never addresses lesbianism
should be problematic for those who believe that the Holy Bible gives a
blanket condemnation against all homosexuals. If you must believe that
homosexuals are condemned by the Bible, then you can only believe that
male homosexuals are condemned. And, if you can only believe that
male homosexuals are condemned, then it should begin to tear away at
your misconceptions of what the Bible does say, and does not say, about
homosexuals, homosexuality and the homosexual orientation.
{27} In the same way the pagan and idolatrous men also
abandoned conventional [translated from the Greek word
physikun φσσικὴν] relations with women and were inflamed
with lust for one another. The pagan and idolatrous men
committed indecent acts with other pagan and idolatrous
men, and received in themselves the due penalty for their
perversion [―perversion,‖ here, referring to their wanton
and promiscuous sex].
That pagan and idolatrous men abandoned vaginal intercourse for anal
intercourse with both women and men in idolatrous settings was,
indeed, ―indecent‖ and ―reprobate.‖ And, it is understandable that the
pagan and idolatrous men received in themselves ―the due penalty‖ of
diseases and disorders that were common then, just as they are common
today.
It should be clear from the ancient historical context that the people in
question here are those who turned from worshiping the one true and
only real God, whom they had already known. As verses 21 and 28 state,
―although they knew God … they did not think it worthwhile to retain
the knowledge of God.‖ These same people turned toward, or returned
to, worshiping pagan idols. As stated in verse 23, they worshiped
―images made to look like mortal man and birds and animals and
reptiles.‖ That these idolatrous people were ―depraved‖ (as it states in
the NIV), or ―reprobate‖ (as it states in the KJV), means that they had
failed the test of remaining true to God. And, it was not that they had
been worshiping God only as the ―Unknown God,‖ whom the Apostle
Paul had spoken of in his address to the people of Athens (and recorded
in Acts 17:23). No, in Chapter One of his Epistle to the Romans, the
Apostle Paul describes people who had known God but refused to live
their lives in consecration to Him; as a result, they were ―illegitimate
children and not true heirs‖ (as indicated in Hebrews 12:8). They were
reprobate, because they had failed to pass the test of faithfulness to God.
These people fell to the societal ills of their day as well as their own
unbridled lust and practiced sexual activities that were common at that
time.
What does the historical context of the Apostle Paul writing require us
to understand?
The Apostle Paul did not know any monogamous homosexual partners.
The Apostle Paul did not know any Christian homosexuals. The Apostle
Paul did not write about what he did not know.
Corinthians 12:21). 43
So, the ―they,‖ ―them,‖ and ―their‖ of Romans, Chapter One, verses 18
through 34, all refer to pagan idolaters — specifically, those who
reverted back to idolatry after having known the one true and only real
God. Again, what kind of idolaters, and what kind of idolatry existed
during Paul‘s time? The same kind that existed during Canaanite times
and throughout the entirety of Old Testament history, when the
worship of fertility gods and goddesses was the order of the day.
In his book, History of Orgies, author Burgo Partridge details the sado-
masochistic orgiastic debaucheries that occurred throughout the Roman
empire, where participants reveled in animal instincts in frenzied group
sexual activities:
43
Barton, Bruce B., David R. Veerman and Neil Wilson. Life Application Bible Commentary:
Romans. Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., Wheaton, 1992, page 32.
44
Partridge, Burgo. A History of Orgies. Bonanza Books, New York, 1960, page 59. [brackets mine]
Copyright 2000, 2008, 2010 by Rev. Joseph Adam Pearson, Ph.D.
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45
Oregon Health Science & University (OHSU) News Release, November 4, 2002, ―Brain
Differences in Sheep Linked to Sexual Partner Preference,‖ Portland, Oregon.
Copyright 2000, 2008, 2010 by Rev. Joseph Adam Pearson, Ph.D.
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Yes, both intersexuals and same-sex pair bonds throughout the animal
kingdom serve as biological examples of what is natural and what
occurs in nature. And, eunuchs ―born that way‖ serve as biblical
examples of deviations from the norm in nature. Thus, God accounts
for exceptions to supposed rules of gender and sexual orientation both
naturally (that is, biologically) and scripturally.
Given the context of idolatry and pagan sexual ritual orgies that
included group sex as well as sex without commitment, Chapter One of
Paul‘s Epistle to the Romans is referring to what is, in essence, spiritual
adultery. Spiritual adultery should be foreign and repugnant to the
children of God: 1) because God hates idolatry; and, 2) because, as
stated in Hebrews 13:4, God‘s ideal requires monogamous covenant ties
between individuals before they consummate their unions sexually. I
will say more concerning this ideal in Chapter Four of this book.
In Romans 1:27, it says that the men ―were inflamed with lust for one
another.‖ Does this describe unholy thinking, unholy behavior and
unholy union? Of course, it does! Unbridled lust with multiple
partners is sexual obsession and addiction. Depraved or reprobate lust
is the reduction of any other individual to an object for one‘s own self
gratification, which is always wrong in the eyes of God — for
heterosexuals as well as for homosexuals. That people exchanged
committed monogamous relationships for ambisexual orgiastic activities
is indeed depraved, and appropriately labeled ―against God.‖
Although you have already read my comments that the English words
―conventional‖ (from the Greek word physikun φσσικὴν) and
―convention‖ (from the Greek word physin φύσιν) should have been
used in Romans 1:26 and 27, I would now like to offer further
commentary on the English words nature and natural that have often
been used in many Bible translations instead.
For the sake of discussion, if I concede that the terms nature and
natural should have been used, then either the term natural in Romans
1:26 and 1:27 only refers to what the Apostle Paul understood of nature
(a limited understanding) or it refers to all of nature, for all time, in all
situations and circumstances.
On the one hand, many (if not most) Bible scholars and theologians
would agree that a Bible word‘s meaning is limited to the definition of
the word at the time that it was used (that is, its original meaning at the
time). Therefore, if the word natural only refers to what the Apostle
Paul understood of nature, was exposed to, and studied personally, then
it cannot be all-inclusive and, therefore, must not include contemporary
homosexuals for whom the homosexual orientation is innate or
instinctual. (For example, the Apostle Paul was not a naturalist and,
therefore, was not aware of animals who exclusively court and sexually
couple with others of the same sex. And, the Apostle Paul did not know
any Christian homosexuals. The Apostle Paul did not write about what
he did not know.)
On the other hand, if the English words natural and nature are all-
inclusive (and refer to all of nature, for all time, in all situations and
circumstances), then the inclusivity itself opens the door for the
traditionally-inferred meaning in Romans 1:26 and 1:27 to be
counterbalanced by modern scientific contributions to the meaning of
sex, gender, and sexual orientation through an understanding of
lines (that is, word meanings, grammar and syntax), but it is also
important to read behind the lines by understanding historical context,
word etymology (or, origins) and purpose. As you seek to understand
Scripture, it is important to not only read behind the lines, but it is also
important to read between the lines by understanding implication and
inference. And, as you seek to understand Scripture, it is important to
not only read between the lines, but it is also important to read beyond
the lines concerning application as well as misapplication to future
events, circumstances, and realities.
The last reference to Sodom in the Bible often used against homosexuals
is found in Jude, verse 7 (there are no chapters in Jude):
And the angels who did not keep their positions of authority
but abandoned their own home — these [God] has kept in
darkness, bound with everlasting chains for judgment on
the great Day. [brackets mine]
Jude 6 NIV
The nephilim (or, ―giants‖) referred to in Genesis 6:4 (NIV) have been
inferred by some Hebrew scholars to have been the offspring of the
fallen angels and human beings, since the word nephilim may mean
―fallen ones.‖
46
I have intentionally reversed the order of the words in Greek for the reader to more easily
compare them to their English counterparts.
47
Bauckman, Richard. Word Biblical Commentary: Jude-2 Peter (Volume 50), Word Books, Waco,
1983, page 54.
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Chapter Three:
Levitical Law and Grace
Introduction
In Chapter One, we considered the seeming dilemma that exists
between Christianity and homosexuality. We also considered how it is
so necessary to hold the whole Bible while we simultaneously attend to
its various parts. And, we considered that things are not often as black
and white as some people might like us to believe relative to interpreting
the Bible. In Chapter Two, we considered the story of Sodom, as well as
extensions of it relative to the qadeshim, who were referred to in the
King James Version of the Bible as ―sodomites‖ but, more correctly,
should have been referred to as ―male temple cult prostitutes.‖ And, we
considered the historical role of the worship of fertility gods and
goddesses in pre-Canaanite times, in Canaanite times, and in ancient
Greek and Roman times as well. This historical role will be explicated
further within this chapter, too, as we discuss Levitical Law and grace.
The more than six hundred rules, regulations and ordinances detailed in
Leviticus are quite extensive, covering every major aspect of the human
condition experienced by the children of Israel. For example, Levitical
prohibitions included dietary restrictions:
The rabbit, though it chews the cud, does not have a split
hoof; it is unclean for you. And the pig, though it has a split
hoof completely divided, does not chew the cud; it is unclean
for you. You must not eat their meat or touch their
carcasses [that is, their dead bodies]; they are unclean for
you. [brackets mine]
Leviticus 11:6-8 NIV
But all creatures in the seas or streams that do not have fins
and scales — whether among all the swarming things or
among all the other living creatures in the water — you are
to detest [or, ―abhor‖]. And since you are to detest [or,
―abhor‘] them, you must not eat their meat and you must
detest [or, ―abhor‘‖] their carcasses. Anything living in the
water that does not have fins and scales is to be detestable
[or, ―abominable‖] to you. [brackets mine]
Leviticus 11:10-12 NIV
for the record, the English words ―detest,‖ ―abhor,‖ ―detestable,‖ and
―abominable‖ used in Leviticus 11:10-12 have not been translated from
the Hebrew word to-ev-ah תוע ה, which means ―idolatrous practice,‖
but from the Hebrew word sheqets שקץ, which means ―filthy‖ or
―scummy.‖
Do not cut your bodies for the dead or put tattoo marks on
yourselves. I am the LORD.
Leviticus 19:28 NIV
Do not cut the hair at the sides of your head or clip off the
edges of your beard.
Leviticus 19:27 NIV
I would like you to take the time and read through the whole book of
Leviticus. I know it is rather tedious reading, but I think it will be
challenging for you to find that there were some constraints placed
upon the Israelites that were not only severe but also next to impossible
to observe, including some prohibitions that, from a modern-day
standpoint, just do not make sense without a global view of what the
LORD was trying to instill in the hearts and minds of those He intended
to be His people at that particular time.
So, then, you may ask, why were the rules, regulations, and ordinances
of the Torah laid down? I think that question is best answered through
Moses didn‘t say, ―I‘ve been with you for 40 years. I‘ve walked with
you in the wilderness. We have had some good times and some bad
together. I wish you well, and I will miss you!‖ Instead, he said, ―You
have been stiff-necked from the very first day that I knew you!‖
Indeed, the LORD was dealing with a very difficult group of people as
difficult as you and I are this very day!
Because they were stubborn, and because they originally had barbarous
customs, He wanted to instruct them that they had to consecrate even
the smallest details of their lives to God if they were going to truly be
His people, and that such consecration would not be easy. Thus, the
rules, regulations, and ordinances of the Torah were laid down to help
this stiff-necked and rebellious nomadic group of people come to
understand that in order to become a holy people, they had to learn to
separate themselves from barbarous customs and idolatrous practices,
discipline themselves, and offer even the minutest of their daily
activities up to God as proof of their willingness to be God‘s people. To
be sure, in addition to ―Law,‖ the word Torah also means ―teaching.‖ It
also means ―instruction.‖ And, it also means ―direction.‖ God was
Does this mean that Christians should throw out the Ten
Commandments? No. However, it does mean that we should pay
special attention to what Christ Jesus said were the greatest
commandments, or what ―sums up the Law and the Prophets,‖
(Matthew 7:12 NIV) —which is that we should love the LORD our God
with all of our heart, all of our soul, and all of our mind (and all of our
might); and that we should love our neighbor as much as we
individually love ourselves. (Matthew 22:36-40) That is what Christ
Jesus said summarizes the Law. To be sure, as Christians, though we
worship every seven days, most of us do not worship on the Jewish
Sabbath, which is from Friday sundown to Saturday sundown. So, the
overwhelming majority of Christians do not even keep all of the Ten
Commandments. Interestingly, even when some Christian
denominations keep the Jewish Sabbath as their day of worship, they
often end up unnecessarily adhering to many of the other ordinances
and restrictions that are written in the Law of Moses as well.
Why should all Christians read, study, and comprehend the Old
Testament, including the Law of Moses? There are at least eight
reasons:
Christians should not read, comprehend, and study the Law of Moses in
order for them to follow Levitical Law. Levitical Law was written for a
different group of people at a different time in history, who lived in a
different place! As recorded in Romans 6:14, Christians are not under
the law of Moses but under grace. [See also the discussion of
circumcision in Galatians, Chapter Five.] Unfortunately, many
Christians often resort to, or revert to, a default condition of legalism in
their practice of Christianity. As stated earlier, legalism is the brain‘s
natural default in order for it (the brain) to more easily interpret its
environment.
Levitical Law required perfection not only in the people who ministered
to the LORD but also in the animals that were to be sacrificed to Him:
The LORD said to Moses, ―Speak to Aaron and his sons and
to all the Israelites and say to them: ‗If any of you — either
an Israelite or an alien living in Israel — presents a gift for
a burnt offering to the LORD, either to fulfill a vow or as a
freewill offering, you must present a male without defect
from the cattle, sheep or goats in order that it may be
accepted on your behalf. Do not bring anything with a
defect, because it will not be accepted on your behalf.‘‖
Leviticus 22:17-20 NIV
―Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the
Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them.‖
Matthew 5:17 NIV
According to the Bible, the blood sacrifice of Jesus canceled the rules,
regulations and ordinances of Levitical Law, having nailed them to the
cross!
who had faith in the LORD God Almighty during that interval of more
than four hundred years? Of course not! There were people of faith;
some of the descendants of Abraham were people of faith and were
considered by the LORD to be righteous, just like Abraham, because of
their faith.
If Levitical Law could have made the children of Israel righteous, there
would have been no need for blood sacrifices, and if the sacrifices of
unblemished animals had been sufficient, there would have been no
need for an unblemished Savior. So, Levitical Law and its required
sacrifices all pointed to the need for a Redeemer. Having faith has
always been, and still is, what the LORD God Almighty holds to be more
valuable than adhering to Levitical Law!
Romans 2:25-29 declares that, spiritually speaking, those who are true
descendants of Abraham are those who have humbled themselves
before the LORD and have their faith, and thereby their righteousness,
in Him:
Steve and I went through all Scriptural aspects even obliquely related to
same-sex behaviors in the Bible but to no avail. The breakthrough did
not come for Steve until (thinking of the previously-quoted Romans
2:25-29) I asked him, ―Isn‘t it possible, Steve, that, if the L ORD God
Almighty can view uncircumcision as circumcision when the
uncircumsized person has faith, then could the LORD not also view a
homosexual who has faith, and who is righteous in God‘s sight as a
result of that faith, to be equal with heterosexuals who have faith? If, as
the Bible states, circumcision is God‘s standard and God treats
uncircumcision as equivalent to circumcision when the person has faith,
could God not also treat the homosexual orientation as equivalent to the
heterosexual orientation if the person has faith?‖ In other words,
although God at one time viewed circumcision as the sign, token or
Though Steve and I had discussed this issue for many months, these
particular questions and the particular scriptural references just quoted
created the turning point in understanding for Steve. The Holy Spirit
moved in a special way, and Steve said, ―Oh, I understand. That makes
sense!‖
The [person] without the Spirit does not accept the things
that come from the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to
him, and he cannot understand them, because they are
spiritually discerned. [brackets mine]
1 Corinthians 2:14 NIV
Those who try to apply Levitical Law to the lives of others should also
seek understanding of the following passages:
There are six days when you may work, but the seventh day
is a Sabbath day of rest, a day of sacred assembly. You are
not to do any work; wherever you live, it is a Sabbath to the
LORD.
Leviticus 23:3 NIV
How did Jesus ―work‖ on the Sabbath day? He healed the sick on the
Sabbath. (John 7:23) And, He permitted His disciples to pick grain on
the Sabbath:
Not only did Jesus fail to enforce Levitical Law when he prevented the
adulteress from being stoned (John 8:3-7; see also Leviticus 20:10), he
changed or altered the Law by challenging the crowd to examine
themselves first before they judged her. To be sure, Jesus elevated the
Law to a higher level, or more spiritual plane, when He taught:
―You have heard that it was said [in the Law] to the people
long ago, ‗Do not murder, and anyone who murders will be
subject to judgment.‘ [in Exodus 20:13] But I tell you that
anyone who is angry with his brother will be subject to
judgment.‖ [brackets mine]
Matthew 5:21-22 NIV
―You have heard that it was said [in the Law], ‗Do not
commit adultery.‘ [in Exodus 20:14] But I tell you that
anyone who looks at a woman lustfully has already
committed adultery with her in his heart.‖ [brackets mine]
Matthew 5:27-28 NIV
―You have heard that it was said [in the Law], ‗Eye for eye,
and tooth for tooth.‘ [in Exodus 21:24; Leviticus 24:20; and
Deuteronomy 19:21] But I tell you, Do not resist an evil
person. If someone strikes you on the right cheek, turn to
him the other also.‖ [brackets mine]
Matthew 5:38-39 NIV
―You have heard that it was said [in the Law], ‗Love your
neighbor and hate your enemy.‘ [Leviticus 19:18] But I tell
you: Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute
you, that you may be sons of your Father in heaven.‖
[brackets mine]
Matthew 5:43-44 NIV
Relative to the issue of Levitical Law versus faith, the Apostle Paul
wrote:
Titus 3:9 (NLT) gives this good advice to Christians: ―Do not get
involved in foolish discussions about spiritual pedigrees or in quarrels
and fights about obedience to Jewish laws. These kinds of things are
useless and a waste of time.‖
As I stated earlier in the case of both male and female cult prostitutes
(the qadashim and qadashoth), God is against activity that is associated
with idolatrous worship no matter what that activity happens to be. All
fertility religions during Old Testament times and early New Testament
times incorporated ceremonial practices that involved ritualistic sexual
immorality (including anal intercourse between members of the same
sex as well as opposite sex), cross dressing, and even self-mutilation
through castration. Let‘s now consider further the role that these cult
practices had in terms of shaping Levitical Law.
And there were also sodomites in the land; and they did
according to all the abominations of the nations which the
LORD [had] cast out before the children of Israel. [brackets
mine]
1 Kings 14:24 KJV
So, in looking at 1 Kings 14:24 (KJV), it says, ―there were also male
temple cult prostitutes in the land who did according to all the
abominations [ha-to-ev-ot ה וע תor, the ―idolatrous practices‖] of the
nations which the LORD [had] cast out before the children of Israel.‖
[brackets and underlining mine]
The part of the sentence that I underlined above is ―the nations which
the LORD had cast out before the children of Israel.‖ ―[Had] cast out,‖
―dispossessed,‖ ―drove out,‖ and ―had driven out‖ from the previously-
quoted versions are translated from the past tense of a Hebrew verb. In
other words, there were male temple cult prostitutes in the land who did
according to the abominations (or, idolatrous practices) of the nations
which the LORD God Almighty had already — that is, ―by then‖ — cast
out before the children of Israel (which is to say, ―after‖ the children of
Israel had taken over the Promised Land).48
Before we turn to Leviticus 18:22, let me remind you that, by now, you
should know that holding the whole Bible while simultaneously
attending to its various parts is imperative in understanding Scripture.
And, when you interpret the Bible, you need to look at the literary
context in which a particular verse is found (not only the literary
context in terms of surrounding verses but also cross references and
links to it in other places within the Bible as well), and you need to look
at each verse relative to its historical context. Why? Because, when
taken alone, individual Bible verses often only present part of the truth.
It is the whole Bible that imparts the whole truth. (That is why we need
to cherish and study the whole book.) To understand, interpret, and
apply Scripture, we need to abide by the dictum, ―To proof text without
context is pretext.‖
Do I believe that the Bible is the inspired word of God? Yes, I believe
that the Bible is the inspired word of God, but I also believe that we
need to attend to everything it says with equal emphasis. Yes,
everything with equal emphasis, and not just selectively take out of
context what we want to take out. One of the reasons that Christianity
has so many denominations is because of selective interpretation and
selective misinterpretation as well as selective application and selective
misapplication.
48
1 Kings 14:24 references the time of King Rehoboam of Judah, who was Solomon‘s son. To put
this in proper chronology, Solomon reigned from 961 through 922 BC, approximately 350 years
after the children of Israel entered the Promised Land in 1273 BC.] So, God is speaking, as
recorded in 1 Kings 14:24, approximately 400 years after Leviticus 18:21-24 was recorded.
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Now that you have read Leviticus 18:21-24, you see that it starts with,
―You must not profane the name of the LORD by sacrificing your
children to the fertility god Molech.‖ Remember that Molech is one of
the Canaanite fertility gods, and that profaning the LORD‘s name
includes worshiping false gods through sexual acts committed with male
temple cult prostitutes dedicated to those false gods (addressed in verse
22) and ritual acts committed with animals in temples dedicated to them
as well (indicated by verse 23).
Again, what important link exists between 1 Kings 14:24 and Leviticus
18:24? In 1 Kings 14:24, the LORD explains what specifically was
included as defiling the nations for which cause in Leviticus 18:24 He
promised He was going to cast them (―the nations‖) out.
Then, considering the link that exists between 1 Kings 14:24 and
Leviticus 18:24, as well as the lead-in of Leviticus 18:21, what is the
context of Leviticus 18:22?
The context is that ―they [the male temple cult prostitutes] did
according to all of the abominations [that is, the idolatrous practices] of
the nations which the LORD had cast out before the children of Israel.‖
(1 Kings 14:24 NKJV) [brackets and underlining mine] This is
significant, because it gives us insight into what type of male-male sex is
signaled in Leviticus 18:22 through its cross-reference to Leviticus 18:24
(― . . . for by all these [practices] the nations are defiled which I am
going to cast out before you‖).
Had homosexuality been the reason that the LORD cast out the nations
before the children of Israel, the LORD would not have referred
specifically to male temple cult prostitution in 1 Kings 14:24. Thus are
we provided in 1 Kings 14:24 with the important link to Leviticus 18:22
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Many Bible scholars understand what I have just stated. Here is just
one example, using Volume Two of The Expositors Bible. I am
purposely quoting from its 1900 edition to show you that this is not a
recently contrived view born of a ―gay theology.‖ The 1900 edition was
a 25-volume set provided as a study tool and reference aid in many
Bible colleges, schools, seminaries and institutes. Volume Two covers
Leviticus and Numbers. Here is what was said in 1900 concerning the
Levitical references to ―abominable‖ sex:
49
Nicoll, Reverend W. Robertson (editor). The Expositor‘s Bible, Volume 2, Funk and Wagnalls,
New York, 1900, pages 387-388.
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{3} You must not do as they do in Egypt, where you used to live, and you
must not do as they do in the land of Canaan, where I am bringing you.
Do not follow any of their [pagan, barbaric and idolatrous] practices.
{21} You should not dedicate your seed [neither sperm nor children] to
the fertility god Molech. This profanes the Name of your God. I MAKE
THIS PRONOUNCEMENT, MY NAME IS YAHWEH. {22} You men
should not dedicate your seed to any fertility god by sowing seed with a
male temple cult prostitute as you would sow seed with a woman. This
idolatrous practice causes you to be unclean. {23} And both men and
women will be ritually unclean if they cross the species barrier and have
sacred sex with temple animals. {24} Do not make yourselves unclean by
any of these practices; for in all these pagan, barbaric and idolatrous
practices the nations are defiled, which I am going to cast out from before
you.
Who were the overseers of all three of the activities in Leviticus 18:21-23?
The answer comes from 1 Kings 14:24: The individuals in question were
the qadeshim, the so-called ―sacred ones‖ or ―pagan priests‖ of the fertility
religions, more accurately referred to as temple cult prostitutes. It was
because of the idolatrous practices of these so-called ―holy ones‖ that the
LORD cast the nations out of Israel‘s promised land:
1 Kings 14
{24} And there were also temple cult prostitutes in the land: and they
involved themselves in all the pagan, barbaric and idolatrous practices of
the nations which the LORD had cast out before the children of Israel.
Figure Six
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Those of you who know the Bible could very well be asking now, ―So
why the double reference to male-male sex in both Leviticus 18:21 and
Leviticus 20:13?‖
If a man lies with a man as one lies with a woman [―lies with
a woman‖ translated here from mishkeve ishah], both of
them have done what is detestable [translated here
from ― תֹו ֵׁעבָהto-ev-ah‖ or ―idolatrous‖]. They must be put
to death; their blood will be on their own heads. [brackets
mine]
Leviticus 20:13 NIV
The sum of the entire matter of Levitical Law and grace is twofold:
1) Christians are not under Levitical Law; they are under grace;
and,
Christians who fail to understand God‘s grace have either been blinded
by God, or they have blinded themselves, because they are satisfied with
their own ignorance. In the final analysis, ignorance on any topic is the
lack of an inquiring mind coupled with the ease of availability of
information on the topic.
To be sure, the previously quoted passages express the general rule but
are not universal or absolute. Exceptions to this general rule are found
both in nature and in Scripture itself.
Considering both genital identity and gender identity, if you think that
transgenders50 are perversions of nature, then you have made “male and
female” an absolute or universal law, which law is contradictory to the
full spectrum of what occurs: 1) in nature, 2) in the Bible, and 3) in the
realm of Spirit:
50
Transgender is a word whose meaning is still in flux. The word is currently used as an umbrella
term applied to a variety of individuals, behaviors, and groups that vary from what is traditional
and culturally-accepted.
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True science does not contradict pure religion nor does pure religion
contradict true science. True science shows that there are exceptions to
the so-called absolute biblical rule (Genesis 1:27) of ―male and
female‖genital identity in the form of intersexuals; and, pure religion
shows that there are exceptions to that rule in the form of eunuchs — of
whom, Christ Jesus said, ―some [are] born that way.‖ (Matthew 19:12)
(An intersexual is ―a person whose biological sex is ambiguous at the
biochemical level, genetic level, chromosomal level and/or anatomic
level.‖)
The Holy Bible not only acknowledges that there are exceptions to the
rule of anatomic males and females, the Holy Bible also acknowledges
that there are exceptions to the directive for them to reproduce (in other
words, not all human beings are expected by God to ―be fruitful and
multiply‖). If anatomic males and anatomic females were a universal
law, and the directive to reproduce was an absolute, God would not
have consoled eunuchs as he does in Isaiah 56:3b-5:
51
Webster‘s, Op. cit., page 947.
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{3} And let not any eunuch complain, ―I am only a dry tree‖
[―dry tree‖ here connoting the inability to reproduce]. {4}
For this is what the LORD says: ―To the eunuchs who keep
my Sabbaths, who choose what pleases me and hold fast to
my covenant — {5} to them I will give within my temple and
its walls a memorial and a name better than sons and
daughters [―sons and daughters‖ here referring to those
who do reproduce]; I will give them an everlasting name
that will not be cut off.‖ [brackets mine]
Isaiah 56:3-5 NIV
Is God really unwavering relative to dresses for women and pants for
men? Of course not! The word ―abomination‖ in Deuteronomy 22:5 is
imprecisely translated from the plural Hebrew word ―to-ev-ot‖ ּת ֹו ֲעבֹת,
which actually means ―idolatrous practices,‖ thus clarifying the context
for the reference in Deuteronomy 22:5 concerning female to male cross-
dressing and male to female cross-dressing. More precisely translated
from the intended Hebrew meaning, Deuteronomy 22:5 should read, ―A
woman shall not wear anything that pertains to a man nor shall a man
put on a woman‘s garments in idolatrous practices. Such practices are
an affront to the LORD your God.‖
If the King James Version of Deuteronomy 22:5 is taken alone and out
of its linguistic, cultural, and historical contexts, students of the Bible
might easily fall to condemn transgenders. Certainly, such
condemnation is evident in the world today. Again, keep in mind that
the word transgender has become an umbrella term that often includes
both pre-operative and post-operative transsexuals as well as
heterosexual cross-dressers and even some performance artists known
as ―drag queens‖ and ―drag kings.‖ Some in these individual categories
have gender dysphoria while others do not. So, transgenderism is much
more complicated than others might have you believe or that you may
have concluded for yourself!
God does not care about our outer appearance. Instead, what God
cares about is what is within our individual hearts. We find this as a
good object lesson in 1 Samuel 16:1-13. As recorded there, the prophet
Samuel evaluated the sons of Jesse relative to whom God was going to
choose as the second king of the nation of Israel. As the first son, Eliab,
passed by, Samuel looked at him and said, ―My, this is an impressive
individual. Surely, this is the one whom the L ORD is going to choose!
This must be the one!‖ (1 Samuel 16:6) However, the LORD‘s Holy
In other words, the LORD looks at the inner core of an individual and
the intent of his or her heart. According to God, the true stature — or,
measure — of a person is determined by how much love is in his or her
heart. It is very important for us to understand that our human body is
merely an outward expression that may or may not reflect our inner
core attitudes, desires, or intents accurately. That is why God is not
impressed by our outward appearance, and that is why God shows no
favoritism based on it.
{6} If a woman does not cover her head, she should have her
hair cut off; and if it is a disgrace for a woman to have her
hair cut or shaved off, she should cover her head.
Now, I find it really curious that many people might refer to what they
think are biblical injunctions against homosexuality and
transgenderism and they pay absolutely no attention to the idea of
women‘s head coverings in church. Am I advocating that women cover
their heads when they pray? No, of course not! We just need to
understand the cultural and historical contexts of the Apostle Paul‘s
position, just as we need to understand that many people apply
principles for biblical interpretation arbitrarily or, at least, selectively.
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We know that traditions and customs change. The L ORD God Almighty
understands that traditions and customs change. Ask yourself: Do you
really think that the LORD God Almighty cares whether a woman has
short hair or a man has long hair? Do you really think that God cares if
we wear unisex clothing? I trust you can answer these questions
intelligently for yourself.
When the Apostle Paul wrote about hair length for males, he certainly
was not being circumspect or all-inclusive, since he did not even take
into consideration the Nazarites (from the Hebrew nazirim ) ָנזִׁירים, who
do not cut their hair as a vow to God, as detailed in Numbers 6:1-21.
Although the Jewish Nazarite vow was often of a specific duration, it is
recorded in the thirteenth chapter of Judges (specifically, verses 5, 7,
and 17) that Samson was a Nazarite (or, nazir ) ָנזִׁירfrom his dedication
at birth and was not supposed to cut his hair throughout his entire life.
Early recorded eyewitness accounts of the external appearance of Jesus
(for example, such as the one by the Roman Publius Lentullus 53) also
attribute long hair to Jesus. As living history, we can even see the long
sidelocks, or payot ת, of some Orthodox Jewish men and boys even
worn today.
53
The Oldest Views and Literary Data on the External Appearance of Jesus: The Description of
Publius Lentullus, URL in 2010: http://www.thenazareneway.com/likeness_of_our_saviour.htm
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Lord Jesus Christ as the only-begotten Son [of God] and our personal
Savior, we are dressed in God. We need to remember that in heaven we
will be clothed in God glory! Truly, God cares not one whit about how
we are dressed on earth unless we are not dressed properly for
inclement weather.
Again, what God cares most about is what is within our individual
hearts. Why? The heart is the central core of each soul. Within the
heart, we find the core attitudes, desires and intents of the individual.
Eunuchs
Let us now consider another verse that, if taken out of context, would
pose quite a dilemma for males who have had a bilateral orchiectomy
(both testicles removed) or who have had a penectomy (penis surgically
removed):
For these transvestite male temple cult prostitutes, there were two
common castration options or practices: One practice was to break a
clay pot and, from the shattered pieces, to take a shard and cut the
testicles off (and sometimes the penis as well) in honor of the fertility
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goddess. Another way was to take the testicles and crush them in
between two stones or rocks in order to render oneself a physiologic —
and, to a certain extent, an anatomic — eunuch.
The reason that God did not want a male who had his penis cut off, or
testes crushed or removed, to enter into His congregation at that time
was because such mutilation was characteristically done in honor of
pagan fertility goddesses. Of course, they were rather extreme tokens of
personal commitment and covenant vows made by pagan people to their
idols. These actions disgusted God, — as they should disgust God!
They were, and still are, ―detestable‖ (that is, ―abominable‖) to Him,
because of their association with idolatry. Thus, they were ―detestably
idolatrous.‖ God hated this self-mutilation, because, though unknown
to most of its practitioners, it broke the First Commandment and sought
to bring honor to Satan himself.
{16} The LORD said to Moses, {17} ―Say to Aaron: ‗For the
generations to come none of your descendants who has a
defect may come near to offer the food of his God. {18} No
man who has any defect may come near: no man who is
blind or lame, disfigured or deformed; {19} no man with a
crippled foot or hand, {20} or who is hunchbacked or
… who has an ear, let [that person] hear what the Spirit
says to the churches. To [the one] who overcomes, I will
give some of the hidden manna. I will also give [that
person] a white stone with a new name written on it, known
only to [the one] who receives it. [brackets mine]
As ―Lord‖ and ―Savior,‖ Jesus has the best name in heaven! Perhaps
people who have better names than others in heaven will be those who
stayed faithful to God despite trials, tribulations, persecutions, and
spiritual, emotional and physical assassination. Maybe a blind,
quadriplegic Christian lesbian will have a better name in heaven than
someone who enjoyed a more privileged and carefree existence. Of
course, I do not know. But, based on Scripture, I think it possible —
especially since we know that everything is reversed in the Kingdom of
God: the first here are last there; the last here are first there; those who
are humble here are great there; those who are arrogant and proud
here are humbled there; those who are poor here are rich there; and,
finally, those who are rich and selfish here are poor there. (Read
Matthew 19:30.)
To be sure, some people on this planet lead more privileged lives than
others. And, although God loves all of us the same, and although, when
we are made righteous in God‘s sight, we are all made the same (that is,
―justified‖), God also recognizes that some of us cling to our Him
despite great adversity (and, perhaps, because of it), and in spite of
people telling us that we have no right to cling. Our Lord is both
touched emotionally as well as honored spiritually by that. And,
because God is honored by it, God in turn chooses to honor us. (See
John 12:26.) Although the wages are the same for every authentic
believer (that is, salvation), rewards in heaven for individuals are
different based on their works of faith.
So, what is the context of Deuteronomy 23:1? The context is that some
forms of ancient idolatrous worship involved castration in addition to
transvestitism and sexual prostitution. That is why God took such a
hard-line stance against some eunuchs as well as some cross-dressers
and all temple cult prostitutes. The LORD God Almighty is against
everything and anything associated with idolatry. The eunuchs who are
comforted in Chapter Fifty-Six of Isaiah are those who are part of the
congregation of the LORD and who could not reproduce either because
they were born that way or because they were accident victims. The
eunuch called to salvation in Chapter Eight of Acts was seeking to
understand prophetic scripture, indicating that the intent of his heart
was directed toward righteousness and that his gaze was fixed on the
LORD; hence, he was called by the LORD to receive salvation.
most homosexuals who have lived openly as homosexuals (in some cases
with lifelong committed partners) do not have children, because, of
course, reproduction is not possible between members of the same sex at
this time. Regardless, the LORD God Almighty, in Isaiah 56:3-5, said,
―Do not worry if you cannot reproduce, because if you keep My
precepts and My judgments and My laws and do My Will, then I am
going to give you a name better than those who do reproduce.‖
For the sake of comparison, that verse reads as follows in the New
International Version of the Bible:
―Not everyone can accept this word, but only those to whom
it has been given. For some are eunuchs because they were
born that way; others were made that way by men; and
others have renounced marriage because of the kingdom of
heaven. The one who can accept this should accept it.‖
Matthew 19:11-12 NIV
some males had their testes removed in order for them to serve in
certain roles, either because they could then be trusted not to commit
adultery with the women in a harem they were protecting and could be
trusted not to steal from their masters for their own children (since they
would have none). Finally, Jesus understood that there are some people
who do not have intercourse, because they have chosen to be celibate in
response to a specific heavenly calling to keep themselves chaste
(referred to in Matthew 19 as those who ―renounced marriage because
of the kingdom of heaven‖). Jesus added that, in the case of the latter,
only those who are called to celibacy will be able to understand and
accept it. He understood that the majority of people are not asked to be
celibate and that, even for those who are asked, celibacy can pose quite
a difficult challenge. He also recognized that not everyone would
understand that some are called, or elected, to celibacy. (Only those
thus called or elected can fully understand, just as only those Christians
who are homosexuals or transgenders can fully understand their
condition and situation and their saved position relative to the cross of
Christ.)
All who rely on observing the law are under a curse, for it is
written ―Cursed is everyone who does not continue to do
everything written in the Book of the Law‖ [The Apostle
Paul here quotes Deuteronomy 27:26]. [brackets mine]
Galatians 3:10 NIV
54
This echoes what Christ Jesus‘ said to the Apostle Peter concerning his speculation about what
would happen to ―John the beloved‖ (or, ―the man whom Jesus loved‖): ―If I want him to remain
until I come, what is it to you?‖ (John 21:22 ML)
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Christ Jesus nailed the law to the cross. He ―canceled the written code.‖
[Colossians 2:14] Understanding this is important for liberating
ourselves and others from the doctrinal error of legalism, a recurring
nightmare in the history of the Church. A little knowledge is always
dangerous for human beings. In trying to interpret its environment, the
human brain feels comfortable in creating an easily interpretable
environment for itself. That is why human beings always default to
legalism. Thus, a little religious knowledge always results in religious
legalism. It is worse for religion, because those captive to their own
thoughts think God supports their views. The natural man and the
natural woman daily default to legalism. In contrast, the spiritual man
and the spiritual woman ascend in consciousness to know God.
not really love others to the degree that Jesus would have them love.
You see, it is very important for us all to demonstrate that we are
children of God through love, which is not only forgiving but also
noncondemning. There are some people who have no or very little love
in their hearts. They say they are Christians and, yet, do not act in a
Christian way.
In other words, those who say they are spiritually-minded, but are not,
may be made to worship our Lord Jesus at the feet of Christian
homosexuals and transgenders (that is, on a tier below them)! Amazing,
is it not?
If you are homosexual or transgender and have not accepted the Lord
Jesus Christ because other people have told you that the Bible says that
you are not entitled to receive salvation or that there is no place in
God‘s kingdom for you, I tell you, and I have the Holy Spirit on this,
that you are being invited, right now, to accept the Lord Jesus Christ as
your personal Savior. ―Though your sins are like scarlet,‖ our Lord
will make them ―white as snow.‖ (Isaiah 1:18 NIV)
Does that mean that you will never sin again? No. Does that mean that
you will have everything rosy or that you will have all the money that
you will ever need for a wonderful earthly life? No, it does not
guarantee any of that. What it guarantees is that you will have an
eternity in heaven with the LORD God Almighty.
Accepting the Lord Jesus Christ as your personal Savior will not
prevent your exclusion from so-called mainstream Christianity.
Regarding the rejection of some of His sheep by mainstream religion,
Jesus said:
All this I have told you so that you will not go astray. They
will put you out of the synagogue; in fact, a time is coming
when anyone who kills you will think he is offering a service
to God. They will do such things because they have not
known the Father or me. I have told you this, so that when
the time comes you will remember that I warned you. I did
not tell you this at first because I was with you.
John 16:1-4 NIV
Won‘t you take the time, right now, to accept the Lord Jesus Christ as
your personal Savior? It is not complicated. Like the thief on the cross
next to Jesus, acknowledge him as Lord and Savior and confess your
sins to him and tell him that you are sorry for them. In response, he will
say, ―When you die, you will be with me in Paradise.‖55
55
Luke 23:40-43
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departing from what they had learned from the pulpit or in traditional
Bible classes, I should be ―cursed‖ or ―accursed.‖ [―Accursed‖ is
translated in the King James Version of Galatians 1:8 from the Greek
word anathema ἀνάθεμα, which also means ―beyond redemption‖ and
―excommunicated.‖]
Yes, it is true, the LORD God Almighty answered my prayer! Not only
that, but the answer swept over and settled in my soul. I understood. I
heard. It spoke to me as no biological, psychological or sociological
argument could. Later, in Bible study, I came to better understand the
scriptural foundation for God‘s truth in the answer I received.
In his letter to the Christians in Galatia, St. Paul wrote: ―Christ
redeemed us from the curse of the law[of Moses] by becoming a curse
for us, for it is written: ‗Cursed is every one that hangs on a tree.‘‖
(Galatians 3:13 NIV)
The Apostle Paul was referring to the Old Testament passage that
states:
God‘s curse. You must not desecrate the land the LORD
your God is giving you as an inheritance.
Deuteronomy 21:22-23 NIV
While we all know that Jesus was not ―hanged‖ in the now-common
sense of the word — and certainly was not lifted up to the limb of any
tree — he was hanged in the sense that the ancients understood the
word, that is, ―hanged up‖ for all to see. In ancient times, hanging was
viewed primarily as a warning to potential wrongdoers. In many cases,
bodies were hung up after execution rather than for execution. The
Apostle Peter also affirms his acceptance of that usage through his
direct references to the ―hanging‖ of Christ:
The God of our fathers raised Jesus from the dead — whom
you had killed by hanging him on a tree.
Acts 5:30 NIV
In other words, Jesus also — which is to say, like homosexuals (as some
might interpret Scripture) — had been cursed by the letter of the Law
of Moses! Thus, as I now understand it, what the Lord‘s Holy Spirit
said to me was this:
will not turn His love away from any who suffer — even if
they suffer only a fraction of the passion of His firstborn —
for they remind God of His only-begotten Son. In other
words, in God‘s sight, all reviled are joined to the one who
suffered the ultimate rejection.
Yes, there was a time when no blemished thing could come before the
LORD. However, during Old Covenant times, the LORD God Almighty
was trying to establish within the hearts and minds of some very
primitive people that He is sovereign and that He is worthy of perfect
sacrifice (of which Christ Jesus was to become, and remain, the only
embodiment), much the same as He established His tabernacle and its
appointments as a figure of things in heaven. (See Hebrews, Chapters
Nine and Ten.) Remember, according to the Old Testament, the people
of that day were ―stick-necked‖ and ―rebellious,‖ ungrateful for the
things that the LORD was doing for them, and gross with regard to
spiritual understanding. Thus, in order to help them subdue an
unyielding spirit, they were subjected to the various rules, regulations,
and ordinances of the Law by the LORD.
As recorded in Luke 16:16 (NIV), Christ Jesus said, ―‗The Law and the
Prophets were proclaimed until John the Baptizer. Since that time, the
good news of the kingdom of God is being preached, and everyone is
forcing [that is, ―pressing‖] his [and her] way into it.‖ As recorded in
John 1:17 (NIV), St. John wrote, ―For the law was given through
Moses; grace and truth came by Jesus Christ.‖ As recorded in Romans
14:14 (NIV), St. Paul wrote: ―I know and am persuaded in the Lord
Jesus that nothing is unclean in itself; but it is unclean for anyone who
thinks it unclean.‖ St. Paul also wrote, ―For all the law [of Moses] is
fulfilled in one word, even in this: ‗Thou shalt love thy neighbor as
thyself.‘‖ (Galatians 5:14 KJV) Keep in mind that it was those who
were legalistically-minded (that is, strict adherents to the letter of the
Law of Moses) that were offended by Jesus‘ deeds and eventually saw to
it that he was condemned to death. Also, those Gentiles who call
themselves Christians today should remember that at one time Gentiles
were not part of God‘s chosen (refer to Romans, Chapter Nine) and
were even referred to as ―dogs‖ by Jesus. Unfortunately, like the
Apostle Paul and his evangelistic team of 2,000 years ago, homosexual
Why cannot more believers in Christ be like St. Peter, who said, ―God
has shown me that I should not call any man common or unclean.‖
(Acts 10:28 RS) No one is permitted by the LORD God to judge or
condemn another: ―You, therefore, have no excuse, you who pass
judgment on someone else, for at whatever point you judge the other,
you are condemning yourself, because you who pass judgment do the
same things.‖ (Romans 2:1 NIV)
Those few verses are my favorite verses in the Bible relative to the whole
issue of Christianity and homosexuality. Why? Because they say so
much in so little. They say that it is God who chooses to do what He will
do and no one can keep Him from it. The idea is that God can choose
base things, and God can choose things that are despised, and God can
choose things that were, and are, rejected. Why? To confound people
who think they know everything, because self-pride and false ego are an
abomination to Him (just like pagan idolatry) and to prove the
The idea that God chooses to exalt things that are despised reminds me
of what the LORD God Almighty said to Moses: ―I will be gracious to
whom I will be gracious, and will show mercy on whom I will show
mercy.‖ (Exodus 33:19 RS) It reminds me of this praise that
Nebuchadnezzar offered God: ―All the inhabitants of the earth are
accounted as nothing; He does according to His will in the army of
heaven and among the inhabitants of the earth and none can stay His
hand or say to Him, ‗What doest Thou?‘‖ (Daniel 4:35 ML) It reminds
me of the heavenly voice which spoke to the Apostle Peter and said,
―‗Do not call anything impure that God has made clean‘‖ (Acts 10:15
NIV) — which is paraphrased delightfully in the Living Bible as
―‗Don‘t contradict God! If he says something is kosher, then it is.‘‖
Finally, it reminds me of the Lord‘s response to the Apostle Paul when
he prayed for God to remove a thorn from his flesh: ―My grace is
sufficient for thee: for my strength is made perfect in weakness.‖ (2
Corinthians 12:9 KJV)
Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will
give you rest. Take my yoke upon you and learn from me, for I
am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your
souls. For my yoke is easy and my burden is light.
Matthew 11:28-30 NIV
If little of what I have written in this book makes sense to you, that is all
right. Just remember to keep your judgments or condemnations to
yourself, to refrain from unkindness to me and others like me, and to
try and not be too surprised when you meet many of us in heaven. And,
if the idea of faggots (literally, ―embers‖) burning brightly for God is
repugnant to you, then perhaps you are not yet fully prepared for the
Kingdom of God. For this reason, I pray that you permit our Lord to
change you.
If we have God‘s Holy Spirit in us, then we must be saved, since the
Holy Spirit cannot dwell in vessels that have not been cleansed by the
Lamb‘s blood. If we know that the Lord Jesus Christ is the Messiah,
our Savior, and the only-begotten Son of God, it is because the Holy
Spirit Himself has revealed that to us. As Christ Jesus said to the
Apostle Peter, ―Blessed are you … for this was not revealed to you by
man, but by my Father in heaven.‖ (Matthew 16:17 NIV)
Regarding this, the Holy Spirit wrote through the Apostle Paul:
All who believe in the Son of God know that this is true.
Those who don't believe this are actually calling God a liar
because they don't believe what God has testified about his
Son.
1 John 5:10 (NLT)
The Holy Bible teaches that ―everyone who calls on the name of the
Lord will be saved.‖ (Acts 2:21 NIV) ―Everyone‖ is not restricted just
to heterosexuals.
Because this chapter has been about the Law of Moses and God‘s
Grace, it is fitting that I close it with the following admonishment from
God‘s written Word for those who want to debate ad nauseum about
what the Books of Leviticus and Deuteronomy say and do not say about
homosexuals or transgenders:
Chapter Four:
Christian Ethics and the Homosexual
From the Bible, we know that iniquity entered into the universe because
of the Fall of Lucifer — who is referred to, after his fall, as ―Satan‖ (or,
―the Adversary of God‖) — and that sin entered into the world as a
result of the Adamic Fall, or fall of humankind. What has happened as
a result of sin is that condemnation was brought upon the world and —
concomitantly — grief, guilt and shame upon all individual human
beings. Yes, all of us are sinners. As Scripture teaches, ―If we claim to
be without sin, we deceive ourselves and the truth is not in us.‖ (1 John
1:8 NIV) However, Scripture also teaches that Christ Jesus ―himself
bore our sins in his body on the tree, so that we might die to sins and
live for righteousness,‖ (1 Peter 2:24 NIV) and that ―if we confess our
sins, he [Jesus] is faithful and just and will forgive us our sins and
purify us from all unrighteousness.‖ [brackets mine] (1 John 1:9 NIV)
The Bible teaches that, as our substitutionary offering, the Lord Jesus
Christ himself bore our shame upon the cross. (1 Peter 2:24) Such
redemptive sacrifice includes all people who believe on him,
heterosexual or homosexual. That the Lord Jesus has served as the
atonement for our iniquity and sin means that, if we so accept him as
our Lord and Savior, the Creator views us as sinless (or, without
blemish), just as Jesus was sinless and without blemish. I bring this up
as the most important issue, because it seems that even within the
Christian church, there are many individuals who do not quite grasp
the sinless nature of Jesus Christ or are turned off by the requirement
by God of a blood sacrifice. If, for some reason, you do not understand
the substitutionary role that the Lord Jesus Christ played upon the
cross when He offered Himself up as the only blood sacrifice acceptable
to God the Father — or, if you mistakenly believe that He had blemishes
or that He made errors in judgment or sinned like everyone else — then
you are not grasping who Jesus really is. I believe that, if you are still
struggling with the sinless nature of Jesus Christ, this work will help to
confirm the words of the Bible as well as the certainty of their truth.
Also, I believe that if you are homosexual and avoid portions of God‘s
written Word because you think that they condemn you, this work will
help you trust in the certainty of God‘s truth in its entirety. (Hold the
whole Bible while you simultaneously attend to its various parts!)
Christian martyr, Stephen, said as he was being stoned, ―Lord, lay not
this sin up to their charge.‖ (Acts 7:60 KJV) In other words, Stephen
was following the example that the Lord set for us all whenever we come
to know persecution, oppression, victimization, and abuse.
Consequently, I urge you to not forget forgiveness, especially since this
may be a primary axis issue for many who are reading this book.
(Please do not misconclude here that I am advocating that you remain
in a threatening situation or an abusive relationship. Though we are to
turn our cheek, we need not run up to get it slapped.)
Forgiving others does not mean that you need to become dysfunctional
by pretending that others do not have specific faults, flaws, and
infirmities. No, unconditional love means that you forgive others
despite your knowledge of the existence of their specific faults, flaws,
and infirmities. Just like Christ! (By doing this, you don‘t become the
Lord Jesus Christ, you are simply demonstrating His Christlike spirit.)
Our Lord also calls upon us to forgive those who have hurt us or who
have been unkind to us so that we might progress spiritually. It is just
absolutely amazing that, unless we forgive people who have wronged us,
we remain inextricably linked to them, and, consequently, we move
through life in a repetitive, downward spiraling pattern. If we really
want to get on with our lives and leave all unnecessary baggage behind,
then we must forgive people who have hurt or harmed us.
It is the strangest thing, but our Lord teaches that unless we forgive, we
cannot be forgiven. It is also the strangest thing that, as Christians,
when people wrong us, we end up having a debt to repay them — the
debt of forgiveness. Scripture tells us to demonstrate that we are
perfect as our Father in heaven is perfect. (Matthew 5:48) How do we
demonstrate perfection? By loving perfectly in forgiveness!
In a way, homosexuals and heterosexuals are like cats and dogs, but I do
not mean that from the fighting standpoint. I have a cat and a dog at
home, and they coexist. They just do not quite understand one another.
Similarly, to a certain degree, heterosexuals have no clue as to what
homosexuals are about and, to a certain extent, homosexuals do not
have a clue as to what heterosexuals are about either. However, I will
say that, generally, there is a greater understanding of heterosexuals by
homosexuals than vice versa. Most homosexuals have been thoroughly
exposed to, and indoctrinated by, the interests, experiences and belief
systems common to the dominant heterosexual culture and mainstream
climate.
Relative to dealing with people who have been unkind to us, the Bible
has this additional solid advice in Romans 12:19 (NIV):
So, if someone trespasses against us, we are not to avenge that sin but,
rather, forgive the debt (that is, forgive what they owe to us because of
their trespass). Forgive the debt and, in so doing, get on with your life.
Perhaps the trespass was born of malice. Perhaps it was born of
ignorance. Regardless, it is important in following the lead of our Lord
to ask for our Creator to forgive the trespasser as well — just as Jesus
said, ―Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing.‖
(Luke 23:34 NIV)
As the truth that God loves and accepts homosexuals is revealed to the
Christian community (local church by local church, denomination by
denomination, and nation by nation), those who victimize and bully
homosexuals in the name of religion will no longer have a cloak for their
trespass. Coming to an understanding that God loves everyone — and
that God accepts everyone for who he or she is, and what he or she is
relative to sexual orientation — is crucial to countering the lies that
have been spread about the irreconcilability of Christianity and
homosexuality. Unfortunately, those lies have kept many homosexuals
and their loved ones from the cross of Christ. Yes, there is individual
responsibility, but there is societal and familial responsibility as well
with regard to spreading the gospel of Christ without condemnation or
judgment to all who will listen.
I am saddened that, for many Christians, the issue of AIDS has been
turned into an issue of homosexuality. Why am I saddened? I think
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and likeness of God as well as believe that the carnal nature, which
animates that flesh, to be His pure, perfect and divine nature, — ideas
that I see as entirely incongruent with God‘s truth and, therefore,
erroneous. Really, there is little I can say to clarify my views on
homosexuality for them, because, for as long as they hold to such
thinking, their understanding of sexuality (among other things) will
remain earthbound. Simply stated, they will not be able to grasp God‘s
indifference to sexual orientation. (Do not misinterpret here that I am
saying the Lord is indifferent to human behavior.)
For those who are genuinely struggling to reconcile what they feel inside
is true concerning homosexuality with the views of mainstream
Christianity (such views at variance with those feelings), I need to add
this:
I do believe that, if I had not been homosexual, I might have rejected the
gospel message, because I would have been too comfortable and ―at
home‖ in this world. For this reason, I believe that my homosexuality
has been a gift from God rather than a curse. Because of the challenge
it presented, it helped me to turn to the LORD.
When they feel especially sad and lonely, should homosexuals not be
able to turn to the one who knew the ultimate rejection, Christ Jesus,
that their burdens might be shared with him? Can Christians who
happen to be homosexual not have the same hope as Christians who
happen to be heterosexual? Are homosexuals covered by God‘s grace?
Yes, yes, and yes. Believe me, daily I prove God‘s saving grace and I am
a witness of it to you, right now.
You are right when you say you have no husband. The fact
is, you have had five husbands, and the man you now have
is not your husband.
John 4:17-18 NIV
own body. Do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy
Spirit, who is in you, and whom you have received from God. You are
not your own, you are bought at a price. Therefore honor God with
your body.‖ [brackets mine]
Yes, honor God with your body! Both heterosexuals and homosexuals
need to flee from sexual immorality. We need to resist temptation by
recognizing and affirming scriptural truth. We need to look for a life-
long partner, and if we have a life-long partner, then we need to stay
committed to that partner throughout life. Such is pleasing to the Lord.
(Very, very pleasing!) We need to work at relationships. Both
heterosexuals and homosexuals need to investigate why their
relationships falter and fail.
During the time of legalized slavery in the United States, because Blacks
were prevented from legally marrying in the slave states, many
participated in a ceremony of ―jumping the broom‖ to signify that they
were mates to one another. Even some of the more benevolent
slavemasters came to ―jumping the broom‖ ceremonies of their slaves.
However, the ―marriage‖ ceremony consisted of the intended partners
merely jumping over a broom. Was this ideal? No, of course not.
Why? There were no vows exchanged.
Scripture teaches that sexual intimacy between two people seals the
vows that they have made between them ―so they are no longer two but
one flesh.‖ (Matthew 19:6a NIV) If sexual intimacy takes place without
the exchange of vows, then the potential for all sorts of problems is set
up. For example:
Because marriage is God‘s ideal, homosexuals who profess love for one
another should exchange vows. With the exchange of vows comes
rights, responsibilities, expectations, and trust that honor the love that
two people share. That is why marriage should be honored by all, both
homosexuals and heterosexuals alike.
holy union, I counseled them over a period of time and instructed them
by discussing the following questions with them:
If the answer to any one of the previous questions was ―no,‖ then I
would not perform the ceremony until such time as each answer was
genuinely ―yes.‖ Otherwise, the couple would be unequally yoked
together or their relationship based on false assumptions, and their
partnership would be headed in the direction of failure.
Restoration
In the broadest sense, restoration refers to the reunion of God‘s people
with the Lord God Almighty. That restoration is possible is a gift from
the Lord and the Lord alone. It is He who has sought us. It is He who
has refused to give His glory — which is to say, His creation — to the
Devil. Because of His love for us, He has restrained His justified wrath
from being poured out on His fallen created and, at the same time,
provided a pathway of salvation for us to return to Him:
Our lives are meaningless and without purpose unless they are lived for
the glory of God. To be sure, the LORD desires humanity to be restored
to Him and desires that we be restored to each other in the process as
well. Scripture is clear that we are considered by the LORD to be parts
of a whole through our individual membership in the body of His Christ
(1 Corinthians 12:12-31) and as ―living stones‖ in His spiritual temple,
which has Jesus Christ as its cornerstone. (1 Peter 2:4-8) Indeed, all of
us are parts of God‘s whole.
In the body of Christ, ―the eye cannot say to the hand, ‗I don‘t need
you!‘ And, the head cannot say to the feet, ‗I don‘t need you!‘‖ (1
Corinthians 12:21 NIV) So, also, is it not permissible for Christian
heterosexuals and homosexuals to say to each other, ―we don‘t need
you!‖
God has combined the members of His body and has given
greater honor to the parts that lacked it, so that there
should be no division in the body, but that its parts should
have equal concern for each other. If one part suffers,
every part suffers with it; if one part is honored, every part
rejoices with it.
1 Corinthians 12:24-26 NIV
When asked when he was going to restore the kingdom to Israel (which
occurs upon his return to earth), Jesus responded and said, ―‗It is not
for you to know the times or dates the Father has set by his own
authority.‘‖ (Acts 1:7 NIV) Similarly, we may not know when complete
restoration for Christian homosexuals to the visible church will occur
2. Emphasize that God is the God of love and not the god of hatred
and accusation (Satan himself is that god). Explain the difference
between God‘s righteous judgment through wrath (divine
judgment) as opposed to Satan‘s cruelty through fear,
intimidation, terrorism, judgmentalism, condemnation and
accusation. Acknowledge that, historically, mainstream
Christianity and fundamental Christians have been guilty of
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4. Emphasize that the Bible is not a work that has been corrupted
over thousands of years: The roles of the ancient Hebrew
―lawyers‖ (Torah scholars) and ―scribes‖ (Tanakh copyists)
helped to ensure that the Christian Old Testament (Hebrew
Scripture) was painstakingly copied accurately and correctly.
Emphasize that enough scrolls have survived through thousands
of years to help substantiate the validity of the individual books of
the Old Testament as well as the gospels and letters of the New
Testament. Emphasize that the Holy Spirit is responsible for
authoring the Holy Bible but not responsible for the
mistranslations, misinterpretations, and misapplications of it.
(Keep in mind that most GLBT non-Christians have only been
exposed to the Bible through religious ignorance and intolerance
of them as well as through error-filled secular television programs
with titillating titles such as ―The Lost Books of the Bible‖ and
―Was Jesus Married to Mary Magdalene?‖)
8. Talk about how, when we come to Christ, the burdens of: a) guilt
from sin, b) condemnation by God, and c) accompanying shame
are palpably removed from us and that then, and only then, do we
have the freedom to be who God created and designed us to be,
which includes coming to complete terms with God‘s acceptance
of our God-given GLBT natures and personalities.
Concluding Remarks
In summary, Christian heterosexuals have no right to call homosexuals
unclean when God has cleansed them — even under the guise of ―hating
the sin but loving the sinner.‖ To be sure, the homosexual orientation is
no more sinful than the heterosexual orientation. And, if Christian
homosexuals want to lay claim to all of the promises of God, then they
need to act responsibly — in accordance with the ideal of morality
inscribed within God‘s written Word, the Holy Bible. All who seek to
enter the Kingdom of God must take time to be holy, and that includes
having holy spousal relationships unless God has called them to be
celibate. Those who pursue holiness will not regret it when they hear
the Lord Jesus say to them, ―Well done, my good and faithful servants.56
You may enter the heavenly gates!‖
56
Matthew 25:21, King James Version
Copyright 2000, 2008, 2010 by Rev. Joseph Adam Pearson, Ph.D.
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Christianity and Homosexuality Reconciled!
Christ Jesus is our living hope, not just hope for tomorrow but hope for
this very day.
Appendix A
b. Testicular tumor
d. Adrenal tumor
1. Female Pseudohermaphroditism
1) hormone therapy
b. Endogenously-produced androgens
III. Hermaphroditism
A. Pseudohermaphroditism
1. Mosaicism
2. Chimerism
Appendix B
Question Assignments
Regardless of how you are taking this course, please always consult with
the contact person(s) identified to answer your questions. If you are
taking this course through an organization other than CEBI, contact the
lead person identified by that organization. However, if you have
recommendations for change to improve the course materials, always
contact CEBI by first visiting www.cebiaz.com to find CEBI contact
information there.
Jesus Christ as the only Savior of the world. Such faith is what unites
all authentic Christian believers.
Make sure that you incorporate the question itself into your answer so
that each question and its answer present a unified whole. Although
typed answers are preferred, a handwritten assignment is permitted if
your handwriting is very clear and legible.
Mail all completed assignments to: Dr. Joseph Pearson, 1875 North
Wozniak Road, Michigan City, Indiana (IN) 46360 or Email them to
[email protected]. You may send in answers to questions from the
Introduction and Chapter One, Chapter Two, Chapter Three, and
Chapter Four separately or in any combination.
4. Students of the Bible should seek to ―hold the _______ Bible while
they simultaneously attend to its various _______.‖ (fill-in-the-
blanks)
9. Whom shall we look like when our bodies are redeemed? Give
the scriptural basis for your answer. (three to four sentences)
14. How do gay and lesbian people become self-loathing? (four to five
sentences)
16. Describe how you would respond to the statement, ―God created
Adam and Eve, not Adam and Steve nor Ada and Eve‖? Include
in your discussion a possible biological explanation for the
phenomenon of homosexuality. (about 100 words)
17. Using John 9:1-3, how might you respond to someone who states
that all physical, emotional, and psychosexual anomalies exist
because of the Adamic Fall and are, therefore, always caused by
iniquity and/or sin? (three to four sentences)
18. What were the conditions requested by Abraham under which the
LORD God Almighty would spare the city of Sodom? (two to
three sentences)
19. What parallels exist between the Genesis 19 account of the two
25. a) How many times does the singular form of the word sodomite
occur in the King James Version of the Bible? (one sentence)
b) How many times does sodomite occur in its plural form? (one
sentence)
c) Since sodomite(s) in the King James Version is used only in the
Old Testament, would you expect to find the original word in a
Hebrew lexicon (dictionary) or Greek lexicon (dictionary)? (one
sentence)
d) Using Strong‘s Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, what is
the meaning of the original word from which sodomite has been
translated in the King James Version of the Bible? (one
sentence)
26. In 1 Kings 14:24, did the Lord really say that the people were
removed because of homosexuality? Explain by referring to
Strong‘s Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible. (two to three
sentences)
33. a) What are the origins of the words malakoi and arsenokoitai?
(one sentence)
b) What are their probable meanings? (two to three sentences)
34. a) In what way does St. Jerome‘s Latin Vulgate translation of the
Bible — published circa 405 A.D. — help us to understand the
meaning of malakoi? (one sentence)
b) Who were the effeminati and molles? (one sentence)
36. What kinds of male-male sex was the Apostle Paul knowledgeable
of in his day? (i.e., What kinds of male-male sex existed in Greco-
Roman societies?) (three to four sentences)
38. What kind of idolatry existed during the Apostle Paul‘s time?
(one sentence)
40. a) In what way does the Bible address same-sex behaviors? (one
sentence)
b) Does the Bible condemn committed monogamous relationships
between homosexuals? (one sentence)
46. What did Christ Jesus say was the ―sum‖ of the Law? (one
sentence)
47. When Jesus spoke of his fulfilling the Law, what did he mean?
(two sentences)
48. a) What must we have in order to please the Lord? (one word)
b) Who is its author, finisher, and perfecter? (one word)
51. Did Christ Jesus ever break Levitical Law? Explain with
examples. (three to four sentences)
53. What important link exists between 1 Kings 14:24 and Leviticus
18:24? (two to three sentences)
54. Considering the link that exists between 1 Kings 14:24 and
Leviticus 18:24, as well as the lead-in of Leviticus 18:21, what is
the context of Leviticus 18:22 and 18:23? (three to four sentences)
55. a) According to The Expositor‘s Bible, what is the context for the
prohibition against male-male sex in Leviticus? (two to three
sentences)
b) How does Leviticus 18:1-5 support this view? (two to three
sentences)
57. Why did the Lord God Almighty take such a seemingly hard-line
stance against transvestitism? Is transvestitism per se morally
wrong? (three sentences)
58. Does the Lord God Almighty really care about hairlength or
clothing type? Why or why not? (three to four sentences)
60. Are males who accidentally lose both testes (testicles) really
prevented from entering into the congregation of the Lord?
Explain. (three to four sentences)
61. In what ways are the contexts different for Deuteronomy 23:1 and
Leviticus 21:20 relative to individuals missing a testis (testicle) or
testes (testicles)? (three to four sentences)
62. Define prototype and anomaly and discuss how eunuchs might be
considered ancient prototypes for modern homosexuals. Be sure
to include references to Leviticus 21:20, Deuteronomy 23:1, Isaiah
56:3 and Acts 8:26-40 in your discussion. (approximately 250
words)
67. Was Christ Jesus himself cursed by the letter of the Law of
Moses? Use scriptural references in your answer. (three to four
sentences)
69. Who can tell the Lord God Almighty to whom He should extend
His mercy and grace? (one sentence)
71. How could you use Romans 5:1 and 8:33, 1 Corinthians 6:11,
Galatians 2:16-17, and Titus 3:7 to help someone who wants to
justify his or her homosexuality to family members or friends?
(four to five sentences)
77. How can you honor God with your body? (two sentences)
81. a) Map out a strategy you might use to share the gospel with
nonchristian homosexuals. (answer format and length may vary)
b) How would you respond to those individuals who express that
homosexual Christians are ―self-loathing freaks seeking
acceptance from people who hate them.‖ (approximately 250
words)
82. Create an outline of topics with scriptural references that you can
use to help minister to hurting homosexuals who, though they
have accepted Christ, believe that He has not accepted their
sexual orientation. (2 page outline)
83. Do you have any additional questions that have been left
unanswered by this book? Please Email your questions to Dr.
Pearson and he will be pleased to respond: [email protected]
or [email protected]
God Bless you as you continue to seek our Lord’s Will for your life!
P.S. The chapter questions in Appendix B can be useful for small or large
group discussion when participants have read the chapter(s).
Appendix C
Fast Facts
About Christianity and Homosexuality
by Rev. Joseph Adam Pearson, Ph.D.
President, Christ Evangelical Bible Institute
Question
How do you reconcile your Christian beliefs with the passages from the Bible, which relate
to homosexual practices?
Answer
With that said, I also turn to historical and literary contexts, Hebrew and Greek
etymologies (i.e., word origins), and hermeneutics to properly divide the word of truth.
The often-quoted story of Sodom in Genesis, Chapter 19 is a story of intended brutal group
rape and not a story of homosexuals who are involved in a committed, covenant-based,
lifelong monogamous relationship.
The Levitical reference in Chapter 18 is properly understood within its historical and
literary contexts. Verse 3 of that Chapter clearly states that the children of Israel were to
avoid the practices of the Egyptians and the Canaanites, for which practices the Lord was
―going to cast out the nations before them‖ (verse 24) — which practices are more
specifically referred to in 1 Kings 14:24 as the practices of the qadeshim (the male temple
cult prostitutes who served as religious functionaries in the worship of both male and
female fertility pagan gods and goddesses). ―Qadeshim‖ was translated as ―sodomites‖ in
the 1611 edition of the King James Version of the Holy Bible and, hence, has been assumed
(erroneously so) to refer to modern-day homosexuals.
The Apostle Paul uses the Greek words malakoi and arsenokoitai in 1 Corinthians 6:9.
Malakoi in this verse has a pejorative slang meaning that St. Jerome translated into the
Latin cognate as ―molles.‖ ―Molles‖ is a Latin word that is a synonym to ―effeminati,‖
which word St. Jerome used to translate the Hebrew word qadeshim into Latin. Both
―effeminati‖ and ―molles‖ are referring to the transvestite male temple cult prostitutes, who
served in the sexual ―worship‖ of various Canaanite fertility gods and goddesses,
(over)
including Baal, Molech and Ashtoreth (later known as Ishtar and Astarte) as well as the
Greek and Roman fertility goddesses Cybele, Magna Mater, Anaitis, Hecate, Artemis, and
Aphrodite. ―Arsenokoitai‖ is a coined Greek word that St. Jerome translates into Latin as
―concubitores masculorum,‖ which literally means, ―the bought [i.e., ‗paid for‘] male sex
slaves of men.‖ So, St. Paul was not referring to homosexuals joined in holy union but
people who were involved in idolatrous and/or prostitutional sexual activity.
Chapter One of Romans is referring to same-sex activity in temple cult bath houses and
other common areas that involved idolatrous pagan worshipers rather than homosexuals
per se. The use of the Greek word ―phusiken‖ that is often translated as ―natural‖ also
means ―instinctual,‖ which brings forth a whole other discussion about biology, hormones,
embryonic and fetal development, brain morphology and physiology, and cognitive and
developmental psychology as they relate to, and influence, genital identity, gender identity
and sexual orientation.
Ironically, the ―strange flesh‖ reference in Jude 7 (KJV) is translated from the Greek words
―heteros sarkos.‖ I write ―ironically,‖ because if one wanted to strain out gnats and
swallow camels, one could write a scholarly treatise on how this is referring to heterosexuals
(it‘s really not). Though many would like to make this a same sex issue, it is clearly
referring to the different kind of ―flesh‖ of the angels that the people of Sodom wanted to
rape.
All of what I have written here is more completely explained in the seven one-hour audio
broadcast series at http://christiangays.com/articles/joe_pearson_audio.shtml and
http://www.affirmingchristian.org as well as in the following written publications:
This is available as a free 70,000 word E-book (roughly equivalent to 230 pages) at
http://www.cebiaz.com/book.pdf and http://www.dr-joseph-adam-pearson.com
It also serves as the textbook for the course by the same name that is offered
through Christ Evangelical Bible Institute.
It also serves as a free Christian tract and, as such, is most often used as a
witnessing tool in the GLBT community.
Fast Facts
The Bible and the Transgendered
by Rev. Joseph Adam Pearson, Ph.D.
President, Christ Evangelical Bible Institute
The most often quoted Biblical quotations used against exceptions to gender norms include:
So God created man [i.e., humanity] in his own image, in the image of God
he created him; male and female he created them. Genesis 1:27 NIV
[brackets mine]
God blessed them and said to them, ―Be fruitful and increase in number
[i.e., reproduce and multiply], fill the earth and subdue it … Genesis 1:28
NIV [brackets mine]
To be sure, the above passages express the general rule but are not universal or absolute.
Exceptions to this general rule are found both in nature and in Scripture itself.
From a biological standpoint, the presence or absence of genitals is a state of nature; and
gender is a state of mind, which state is ultimately responsible for an individual‘s instincts.
If you think that the transgendered are perversions of nature, then you have made ―male
and female‖ an absolute or universal law, which law is contradictory to the full spectrum of
what occurs in nature. Indeed, such an absolute fails to take into consideration the myriad
departures in nature that deviate from the norm (norm defined here as ―that which occurs
most frequently‖).
Such an absolute also fails to take into consideration spiritual law, which states that in
Christ ―there is neither male nor female.‖ (Galatians 3:28) Spiritually speaking, God does
not discriminate using gender or sexual distinctions. Certainly, in heaven such distinctions
do not exist, for Christ Jesus said:
At the resurrection people will neither marry nor be given in marriage; they
will be like the angels in heaven. Matthew 22:30 (NIV)
True science does not contradict pure religion nor does pure religion contradict true
science. True science shows that there are exceptions to the so-called absolute scriptural
rule of ―male and female‖ (Genesis 1:27) in the form of intersexuals (i.e., individuals whose
physical gender status is somewhat ambiguous or uncertain); and, pure religion shows that
there are exceptions to that rule in the form of eunuchs — of whom, Christ Jesus said,
―some [are] born that way.‖ (Matthew 19:12) In other words, intersexuals serve as
biological prototypes for the transgendered and eunuchs serve as scriptural prototypes for
them. Thus, God accounts for exceptions to the general rule of ―male and female he created
them,‖ both naturally and scripturally.
(over)
Copyright 2000, 2008, 2010 by Rev. Joseph Adam Pearson, Ph.D.
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Holy Scripture not only acknowledges that there are exceptions to the rule of anatomic
males and females, Holy Scripture also acknowledges that there are exceptions to the
directive for them to reproduce (i.e., ―be fruitful and multiply‖). If anatomic males and
females were a universal law, and reproduction was an absolute, God would not have
consoled eunuchs as he does in Isaiah 56:3b-5:
{3} And let not any eunuch complain, ―I am only a dry tree‖ [―dry tree‖
here connoting the inability to reproduce]. {4} For this is what the L ORD
says: ―To the eunuchs who keep my Sabbaths, who choose what pleases me
and hold fast to my covenant — {5} to them I will give within my temple
and its walls a memorial and a name better than sons and daughters [―sons
and daughters‖ here referring to those who do reproduce]; I will give them
an everlasting name [and, then, God shows his great sense of humor through
double entendre] that will not be cut off.‖ Isaiah 56:3-5 NIV [brackets
mine]
A woman must not wear men‘s clothing, nor a man wear women‘s clothing,
for the LORD your God detests [―abhors‖] anyone who does this.
Deuteronomy 22:5 NIV [brackets mine]
These previous verses were written partly because idolatrous temple practices involved in
the cult worship of fertility goddesses included castrated young male prostitutes dressed up
as women to emulate the feminine form of their ―idol‖ as well as to attract and better satisfy
the heterosexual procurers of their ritualistic sexual ―sacrifices.‖ So, transvestitism (i.e.,
―cross-dressing‖) in itself is not bad; it was the context in biblical antiquity that was evil; it
was the intent that was bad.
Finally, whenever we are tempted to judge another on the basis of his or her apparel, we
need to remind ourselves that ―all of you who were baptized into Christ have clothed
yourselves with Christ.‖ (Galatians 3:27 NIV) In other words, in the reality of God, when
we accept the Lord Jesus Christ as our personal Savior, we are ―dressed‖ in Him. We also
need to remember that in heaven we will be clothed in His glory! Truly, God cares not one
whit about how we are dressed other than that we are dressed appropriately for inclement
weather or that we are dressed modestly. (God is like that, you know.)
Fast Facts
About Holy Unions
by Rev. Joseph Adam Pearson, Ph.D.
President, Christ Evangelical Bible Institute
During slavery, because Blacks were prevented from legally marrying in the slave states,
many participated in a ceremony of "jumping the broom" to signify that they were mates
to one another. Even some of the more benevolent slave masters attended these
ceremonies. However, the ―marriage‖ ceremony generally consisted of the intended
partners merely jumping over a broom. Was this ideal? No, of course not. Why? There
were no vows exchanged.
Marriage should be honored by all, and the marriage bed kept pure, for
God will judge the adulterer and all the sexually immoral. Hebrews 13:4
NIV [underlining mine]
Marriage specifically involves an exchange of vows between two intended spousal partners
who desire to live in a committed lifelong monogamous relationship with one another in the
sight of God. For those who might say that holy unions between two people of the same sex
should not be performed where they are not legal, I would respond that the laws of God
are higher than the laws of man. In other words, it is God who desires that we should
marry in order to escape sexual immorality. (Please read 1 Corinthians, Ch. 7.)
Consequently, marriages between homosexuals should not be hindered. Jesus said, ―what
therefore God has joined together, let not man put asunder.‖ (Matthew 19:6b NIV)
Scripture teaches that sexual intimacy between two people seals the vows that they have
made between them ―so they are no longer two but one flesh.‖ (Matthew 19:6a NIV) If
sexual intimacy takes place without the exchange of vows, then the potential for all sorts of
problems is set up:
Do you not know that one who unites with a prostitute is one body with
[him or] her? For ―The two [who join themselves sexually],‖ [God] says,
―will become one flesh.‖ 1 Corinthians 6:16 ML [brackets mine]
Joining oneself to nonspousal bedpartners produces all sorts of unhealthy natural con-
sequences such as shared sexual addictions, shared emotional instabilities, and shared
sexually transmitted diseases. Furthermore, Scripture is clear that God is against for-
nication (i.e., sex outside of marriage).
(over)
Because marriage (holy union) is God‘s ideal, homosexuals who profess love for one another
should exchange vows. With the exchange of vows comes rights, responsibilities,
expectations, and trust that honor the love that two people share. That is why marriage
should be honored by all, both homosexuals and heterosexuals alike.
When I was Senior Pastor of Healing Waters Ministries in Tempe, Arizona from 1998 to
2007, if two people came to me to perform a holy union, I counseled them over a period of
time and helped them determine their answers to the following:
1. Have both partners accepted the Lord Jesus Christ as their personal Savior?
2. Is the couple seeking to make the relationship permanent through lifelong commitment?
3. Is the couple willing to stay together, and remain faithful to one another, during
extended periods of sickness or unemployment until death separates them?
5. Have the partners disclosed to each other their respective income, assets, liabilities and
obligations?
6. Is each partner willing to completely share his or her income and assets with the
other; and, is each partner willing to jointly assume the debts, liabilities, and
obligations of the other?
8. Is the couple willing to state their commitments to one another in the form of
written and/or spoken vows and promises?
9. Is the couple willing to state what would make their commitment to one another
null and void?
If the answer to any one of the previous questions was ―no,‖ then I would not perform the
ceremony until such time as each answer was genuinely ―yes.‖ Otherwise, the couple would
be unequally yoked together, or their relationship based on false assumptions, and their
partnership would be headed in the wrong direction.
May our Lord Jesus bless you as you jointly seek His Will for your lives!
Bibliography
Barton, Bruce B., David R. Veerman and Neil Wilson. Life Application
Bible Commentary: Romans. Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., Wheaton,
1992.
Brenton, Sir Lancelot C.L. The Septuagint Version: Greek and English.
Regency Reference Library, Grand Rapids, 1990 (originally published
by Samuel Bagster and Sons, London, 1851).
Dunn, James D.G. Word Biblical Commentary Volume 38: Romans 1-8.
Word Books, Dallas, 1988.
Luther, Martin. Die Bibel oder die ganze Heilige Schrift des Alten and
Neuen Testaments. National Verlag Kompanie, Deutschland, 1967.
Miller, William Lee. Arguing About Slavery: The Great Battle in the
United States Congress. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1996.
Senior, Donald and John J. Collins (Editors). The Catholic Study Bible.
Second Edition. New York. Oxford University Press, 2006.
Vine, W.E., M.F. Unger, and W. White, Jr. Vine‘s Complete Expository
Dictionary of Old and New Testament Word. Thomas Nelson
Publishers, Nashville, 1985.
Afterword