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Final Year Project Report
Final Year Project Report
On
By
Mr. Manish Patil Mr. Saurabh Kadve.
Mr. Abhishake Sharma. Mr.Rushikesh Vanave.
Guide
Prof. Pratiksha wagh.
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr.Saurabh Kadve, Mr.Manish Patil, Mr. Abhishek
Sharma, Mr. Rushikesh Vanave has successfully completed the Project
stage-1 entitled “Design and analysis of Robotic Arm” under my
supervision, in the partial fulfillment of Bachelor of Engineering –
Mechanical Engineering of University of Pune.
Date : 28 Dec 2021
Technology:
Originally software for CAD systems was developed with computer languages
such as FORTRAN, ALGOL but with the advancement of object-oriented
programming methods this has radically changed. Typical modern parametric
feature-based modeller and freeform surface systems are built around a number
of key C modules with their own APIs. A CAD system can be seen as built up
from the interaction of a graphical user interface (GUI) with NURBS geometry or
boundary representation (B-rep) data via a geometric modelling kernel. A
geometry constraint engine may also be employed to manage the associative
relationships between geometry, such as wireframe geometry in a sketch or
components in an assembly. Unexpected
capabilities of these associative relationships have led to a new form of
prototyping called digital prototyping. In contrast to physical prototypes, which
Faculty of Science and Technology-Mechanical Engineering- GHRIET, Pune.
Project by- Saurabh kadve,Manish Patil,Abhishek Sharma and Rushikesh Vanave
5
entail manufacturing time in the design. That said, CAD models can be
generated by a computer after the physical prototype has been scanned using
an industrial CT scanning machine. Depending on the nature of the business,
digital or physical prototypes can be initially chosen according to specific needs.
Software:
CAD software enables engineers and architects to design, inspect and manage
engineering projects within an integrated graphical user interface (GUI) on a
personal computer system. Most applications support solid modelling with
boundary representation (B-Rep) and NURBS geometry, and enable the same to
be published in a variety of formats. A geometric modelling kernel is a software
component that provides solid modelling and surface modelling features to CAD
applications.
Based on market statistics, commercial software from Autodesk, Dassault
Systems, Siemens PLM Software, and PTC dominate the CAD industry. The
following is a list of major CAD applications, grouped by usage statistics.
Commercial:
∙ AutoCAD (Autodesk)
∙ CATIA (Dassault Systèmes)
∙ SolidWorks (DassaultSystèmes)
Market
DS Solidworks Corp. has sold over 3.5 million licenses of SolidWorks worldwide.
This includes a large proportion of educational licenses.
Its user base ranges from individuals to large corporations, and covers a very
wide cross-section of manufacturing market segments. Commercial sales are
made through an indirect channel, which includes dealers and partners
throughout the world. In the United States, the first reseller of SolidWorks, in
1995, was Computer Aided Technology, LLC, headquartered in Chicago. Directly
competitive products to SolidWorks include PTC Creo Elements/Pro, Solid Edge,
and Autodesk Inventor. SolidWorks also partners with third party developers to
add functionality in niche market applications like finite element analysis, circuit
layout, tolerance checking, etc. SolidWorks has also licensed its 3D modelling
capabilities to other CAD software vendors, notably ANVIL.
Modelling technology
geometry such as points, lines, arcs, conics (except the hyperbola), and splines.
Dimensions are added to the sketch to define the size and location of the
geometry. Relations are used to define attributes such as tangency, parallelism,
perpendicularity, and concentricity. The parametric nature of SolidWorks means
that the dimensions and relations drive the geometry, not the other way around.
The dimensions in the sketch can be controlled independently, or by
relationships to other parameters inside or outside the sketch.
In an assembly, the analog to sketch relations are mates. Just as sketch relations
define conditions such as tangency, parallelism, and concentricity with respect
to sketch geometry, assembly mates define equivalent relations with respect to
the individual parts or components, allowing the easy construction of
assemblies. SolidWorks also includes additional advanced mating features such
as gear and cam follower mates, which allow modelled gear assemblies to
accurately reproduce the rotational movement of an actual gear train.
Finally, drawings can be created either from parts or assemblies. Views are
automatically generated from the solid model, and notes, dimensions and
tolerances can then be easily added to the drawing as needed. The drawing
module includes most paper sizes and standards (ANSI, ISO, DIN, GOST, JIS, BSI
and SAC).
Ansys develops and markets engineering simulation software for use across the
product life cycle. Ansys Mechanical finite element analysis software is used to
simulate computer models of structures, electronics, or machine components
for analysing strength, toughness, elasticity, temperature distribution,
electromagnetism, fluid flow, and other attributes. Ansys is used to determine
how a product will function with different specifications, without building test
products or conducting crash tests. For example, Ansys software may simulate
how a bridge will hold up after years of traffic, how to best process salmon in a
cannery to reduce waste, or how to design a slide that uses less material
without sacrificing safety.
Most Ansys simulations are performed using the Ansys Workbench system,
which is one of the company's main products. Typically Ansys users break down
larger structures into small components that are each modelled and tested
individually. A user may start by defining the dimensions of an object, and then
adding weight, pressure, temperature and other physical properties. Finally, the
Ansys software simulates and analyses movement, fatigue, fractures, fluid flow,
temperature distribution, electromagnetic efficiency and other effects over
time.
Ansys also develops software for data management and backup, academic
research and teaching. Ansys software is sold on an annual subscription basis.
Ansys Software
Treatment of engineering problems basically contains three main parts: create a
model, solve the problem and analyse the results. Ansys, like many other FEA
programs, is also divided into three main parts namely the processors which are
called pre-processor, solution processor and post-processor.
The Ansys pre-processor allows users to build geometry, define materials and
generate element mesh. The Ansys processor allows users to solve problems by
applying loads and obtaining solutions. The Ansys post-processor allows
visualization and listing of results in a tabular form or as printouts.
Ansys offers a comprehensive software suite that spans the entire range of
physics, providing access to virtually any field of engineering simulation that a
design process requires. Organizations around the world trust Ansys to deliver
the best value for their engineering simulation software investment.
1. 3D Design
Rapidly explore ideas, iterate and innovate with Ansys Discovery 3D design
software. With the easy-to-use tools, you can build and optimize lighter and
smarter products.
2. Electronics
Ansys software can uniquely simulate electromagnetic performance across
component, circuit and system design, and can evaluate temperature, vibration
and other critical mechanical effects.
3. Embedded Software
5. Materials
Ansys software ensures accurate, consistent, traceable materials information
every time and provides the tools you need to support design, research and
teaching.
Application:
Given: A circular TV stand on which a monitor is attached which is going to apply
a load of 42N.
Material: ABS Plastic {ABS Plastic will develop cracks at 37MPa of stress and
then it is going to fully fail a test at 54MPa} Young’s Modulus: 2.62 GPA,
Poisson’s Ratio: 0.34
To Solve: We need to find out stresses and deformation inside this particular
stand and determine whether our design is going to withstand this load or not,
in terms of both the stresses and deformation.
Fig-4.1 TV STAND
Material Properties
ABS Plastic
Young’s Modulus: 2.62 GPA
Poisson’s Ratio: 0.34
Meshed Model
Boundary condition
Analysis results:
Conclusion:
∙ We can see that maximum deformation is somewhere around 0.31844
MPa it is not much deformation which we can consider so with respect to
deformation this product has not failed because if there was excessive
deformation inside the body then we can say with respect to deformation
this particular part has failed but here it is very minimum amount that is
0.31844 so this object has not failed.
∙ Maximum principal stress is 3.5514 MPa and according to problem this
product was going to failed at 37 MPa or more but the present value is
much more lesser than 37 MPa then it is clear that this object hasn’t failed.
∙ Factor of safety is somewhere around 10 to 15 which is very high in
comparison to standard so our design is 100% safe.
Components to be designed:
1. Pedestal
2. Big Arm
3. Upper Arm
4. Support Arm
5. Lower Arm
6. Wrist Body
7. Wrist
8. Gripper
9. Pin
1. Pedestal: Pedestal means the main supportive member which is the base
of the robot and it gives support as well as stabilization to the robot.
3. Upper Arm: Upper arm is connected to the big arm. This also gives upward
and downward motion to the arm.
5. Lower Arm: it is connected to the support arm. That is also giving right and
left motion the arm.
7. Wrist: Wrist is the main part of the robot arm because all actuating motions
to the gripper part is supplied from this wrist. The motions are the gripper
actuating and the gripper opening and closing motion through worm gear.