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CONCEPT NOTE IN EARTH which creates a clone of the parent.

SCIENCE
NAME: DATE: The following are the different methods
TRAND/SEC: RATING: of asexual reproduction:

I.TOPIC: PERPETUATION OF LIFE: 1. Budding – occurs when individuals


ANIMAL REPRODUCTION arise throughout the outgrowths from a
parent. This can create a colony of
II. OBJECTIVES: individuals attached to a parent, such
1. Identify the different ways as in hydra or corals
how animals reproduce; 2. Fission – is the separation/division
2. Differentiate sexual of an organism to form individuals of
reproduction from asexual approximately same size. This is
reproduction; usually observed in animal-like protists
3. Learn the advantage and (amoeba).
disadvantage of both types of 3. Fragmentation and Regeneration –
reproduction; fragmentation is when an animal’s
4. Relate how animal body breaks into different parts, which
reproduction impacts later regenerate to form several
ecosystem imbalance. individuals. Sponges, annelids,
cnidarians and tunicates are examples
III CONCEPT: of this mode of reproduction.
4. Parthenogenesis – Is like apomixes
Like plants, animals need to reproduce in plants, where the egg cell develops
in order to increase the chance of the without fertilization. This is exhibited by
perpetuation of their species. Actually, bees, wasps, lizards, sharks.
like plants, some animals also used  Just like in plant reproduction,
asexual or sexual or both methods of sexual reproduction is
sexual reproduction. disadvantageous in terms of
energy expenditure but is
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION advantageous due to the
 is the process of joining the genetic variation it creates. It
haploid gametes (sex cells) to allows organism to perpetuate
form a diploid cell called a in an unstable environment
zygote. where factors such as
 A zygote eventually becomes diseases can decrease the
an embryo and later on survival rate of the population.
develops into an organism.  Meanwhile, asexual
 The female gamete is an egg reproduction is a method of
cell, is usually nonmotile, to reproduction which lessens
ensure survival of the embryo energy expenditure in
by storing energy. animals, as fully formed
 The male gamete is a sperm individuals are produced,
cell, which is motile to search increasing the chance of
for the egg cell for fertilization survival.
Guide Questions:
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION 1. What is the difference
 fusion of the egg cell and between sexual and asexual
sperm cell does not occur; reproduction?
reproduction is mainly through 2. What is a zygote
mitosis 3. What are gametes?
 The young leaves—together
with the cotyledon, the
epicotyl and the apical
meristem (responsible for
apical growth or elongation)—
is called the plumule.
 In grass, the embryo is
protected by two sheaths: the
coleoptile (protects the young
shoots) and coleorhiza
(protects the young roots).

SEED AND FRUIT DISPERSAL


 Like pollination in plants,
different agents aid seed and
fruit dispersal.
a. Abiotic agents (wind, water)
b. Biotic agents (animals)
 In order to propagate, plants
have evolved in order to
adapt to their environments.
a. A flower ensures the
formation of the embryo
through different adaptations
for pollination and fertilization.
 b. The developing embryo is
helped by the adaptation of
the fruit and seeds, which
further protects and aids in its
propagation.

Guide Questions:
1. How do flowers reproduce?
Illustrate and explain
2. How do flowers attract
specific pollinators?
3. Illustrate the functional
relationships of flowers, fruits
and seeds
4. Islands, like in the Philippines,
are usually covered by
coconuts at the shores. Using
your knowledge of plant
propagation, explain how/why
this happen?

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