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New Era University

College of Computer Studies


Computer Science Department

LIFE AND WORKS of RIZAL


MODULES 6-11

GUNO, JOYCE ANN C.


2BSCS-1
MW – 11:30AM-1:00PM

This study source was downloaded by 100000815197303 from CourseHero.com on 01-10-2022 22:36:23 GMT -06:00

https://www.coursehero.com/file/49271517/module-6-11docx/
Rizal
Chapter 6

Topic: Annotations of Antonio Morga’s Sucesos de las islas Filipinas

Guide Questions:
1. What is the Sucesos de las islas Filipinas by Antonio Morga?
Sucesos de las islas Filipinas of Antonio Morga was considered as one of the most significant works on
the early history of the Spanish colonization of the Philippines. The history is said to cover the years from
1493 to 1603. Discussions deal with the political, social, and economic phases of life both the natives and
their
colonizers. Rizal heavily annotated this book because he wants to prove that the natives were civilized
before the Spanish conquerors came wherein they said that sociologically improved the islands but Rizal did
not believe the colonizer’s claim; instead, he supposed that the Spanish colonization somewhat resulted in
the deterioration of the Philippines’ rich culture and tradition.

2. Describe Rizal’s annotations of Morga’s writings?


Rizal meticulously annotated each chapter of the Sucesos, commenting even on Morga’s typographical
errors. He provided enlightenment on every statement, which he believed misinterpreting the locals’ culutural
practices. For example, Morga describes on page 248 the culinary of the ancient Philippine natives wherein
he said that Filipinos prefer to eat salt fish which begins to decompose and smell but in Rizal’s annotative
footnote he explains that it is another preoccupation of the Spaniards who, like any other nation in the matter
of food, loathe that to which they are not accustomed or is unknown to them.

3. What are value of Rizal’s annotations?


The value of Rizal’s annotation of Sucesos is immense as through the work, he provided especially the
Filipino readers with rich annotative footnotes concerning Philippine culture and society, coupled with
complete scholarly referenced resources and full citations. Most especially, through this work, Rizal had
proved and showed that the Philippines was an advanced civilization prior to the Spanish conquest.

4. What are the goals of Rizal in writing the annotations?


The goals of Rizal in writing this annotation is to defend our stand as Filipinos against the Spanish
Conquerors which helped to enlighten and educate us about the shade of our ancestors, of what we really
are
He said that if this annotation served to awaken our consciousness of our past , and blotted from our
memory
or rectified what has been falsified, then he have not labored in vain
Rizal
Chapter 7

Topic: Noli Me Tangere

Guide Questions:
1. Why Noli is described as “Social Cancer”?
It is described as “Social Cancer” as the novel’s dedication, Rizal explains that there was
once a type of cancer so terrible that the sufferer could not bear to be touched, and the disease was thus
called Noli Me Tangere (Latin: “Touch Me Not”). He acknowledge that his nation was relatively troubled.
The epic offers both a widley inclusive point of view on every level of society in the Philippines of the time
and humorous spoof. Its depiction of the fierceness of Spanish standard was force of improvement for
Self-sufficiency in the country.

2. Give atleast three characters in Noli that represents our personality and explain why.
 Elias- represents the common Filipino who is not only aware of the injustices done to their
countrymen but would also like to deliver them from their oppressors.
 Sisa - she depicts how Filipino mothers love their children unquestionably. She is described as
a mother who considers her sons as her only treasure.
 Maria Clara- symbolizes the purity and innocence of a sheltered native woman during the time of
Spanish occupation. She does not value things that were abundantly bestowed upon her by admirers
and family alike but holds in high esteem her parents’ honor and the promise she had given to her
sweetheart.
 Kapitan Tiago – symbolizes the rich Filipinos who oppress their fellow countrymen in exchange
For the influence and the riches that they might gain from their powerful associations.

3. What are the reactions of the Spanish officials to Noli?


Expectedly, the Spanish officials and friars, especially the onion-skinned, were infuriated by the contents
of the Noli Me Tangere. Rizal’s friends and compatriots, on the other hand, praised and defended the
novel.

4. Why is the Chapter “Elias & Salome” was eliminated from Noli, justify your answer?
He removed it from the manuscript solely on the grounds that he needs to put something aside for the
printing costs. Rizal was in critical budgetary circumstance in Berlin during the most recent long periods
of editing the novel. He rewrote several chapters,making them progressively minimized to streamline the
quantity of pages left. He at the point erased “Elias and Salome” section without harming or decimating
the progression of the novel.

Rizal
Chapter 8
Topic: El Filibusterismo

Guide Questions:
1. Why is El Fili is dedicated to Gomburza according to Rizal?
Fittingly, Rizal dedicated the book to the memory of the Gomburza, the three Filipino patriotic priests
who were accused of being filibuster and, thus, executed. In his dedication, Rizal fearlessly declared
his conviction that the Spanish officials’ treatment of the priests’ case was unjust “as [their] complicity
In the Cavite Mutiny is not clearly proved.”

2. Explain the differences between Noli & El Fili?


Rizal wrote the El Filibusterismo about four years after the Noli Me Tangere. In depicting the social
conditions in the country, both novels employ satires and caricatures. El Fili however is more serious
as there is less humor and more bitterness in the treatment of situations. In Noli, the author reveals the
cruelty and exploitation suffered by the natives at the hands of colonizers. In El Fili, Rizal depicts a
society at the brink of rebellion as the natives’ minds have been awakened and revolutionary forces
have been formed. Generally, El Fili presents a gloomier depiction of the country under the Spanish
regime. More radical radical and revolutionary, the novel has less idealism and romance than Noli.
El fili manifests Rizal’s more mature and less hopeful attitude toward the socio-political situation in the
country.

3. Explain the Similarities between Noli & El Fili?


In depicting the social conditions in the country, both novels employ satires and caricatures. Also both
of this novels helped to enlighten and educate the Filipinos on what is going on in our country. It helped
to awaken the minds of the Filipinos that we need to fight for our nation to have the freedom that is
rightfully our.

4. Describe the symbolical meaning of Rizal’s two novels.


For fearlessly depicting the corruptions and abuses by the Spanish clergy and the colonial government
during the Spanish regime in the Philippines, the two novels are historically very significant. Basically,
a social sketch of the country the, the Noli me Tangere and Eli Filibusterismo reveal the true setting
and condition of the Filipino society in the era. He wrote the two novels to help our Motherland restore
its legacy.

Rizal
Chapter 9
Topic: The Philippines: A Century Hence

Guide Questions:
1. What are Rizal’s “Prophecies” in our Country’s future? Which have actually fulfilled.
Rizal expressed in the essay his confident prediction that something would awaken the hearts and
open the minds of the Filipino people as regards their plight. He “prophesied” the Philippine people’s
revolution against Spain, winning their independence, but later the Americans would come as the new
colonizer. Even the not-so-predictable element of Rizal’s “prophecy” true- the Americans in 1898
wrestled with Spain to win the Philippines, and in due course took over the country. Relatively, theirs
was a reign of liberty and democracy.

2. Explain why Rizal concluded that “natives’ supposed indolence was an end-product of the
Spanish colonization”.
In the articles, Rizal argued that Filipinos were innately hardworking prior to the rule of the Spaniards.
What brought the decrease in the productive activities of the natives was actually the Spanish
colonization. Rizal explained the alleged Filipino indolence by pointing factors such as, Spanish
forced labor compelled the Filipinos to work in shipyards, roads, and some other public works, thus
abandoning their agricultural farms and industries; many Filipinos became landless and wanderers
because Spain did not defend them against pirates and foreign invaders; the Spaniards were a bad
example as negligent officials would come in late and leave their offices early and Spanish women were
always followed by servants; the crooked system of religion discouraged the natives from working hard
by teaching them that it was easier for a poor man to enter heaven and very high taxes were discouraging
as a big part of natives’ earnings would only go to the officials and friars. Moreover, Rizal explained
that Filipinos were just wise in their level of work under a tropical climate. He explained, “violent work is
not a good thing in tropical countries as it is would be parallel to death, destruction, annihilation.”

3. What are the symbols of Rizal’s Letter to the Young Women of Malolos?
The yellow roses symbolize the love, purity, and peace to the Women of Malolos. They also
show that education is important to each person and all Filipinos have a hidden talent and
ability to raise the living. In this way, Rizal sees in these women a ray of hope in restoring the Filipino
women’s dignity and worth.

4. Do you believe that the writings of Rizal were able to awaken the Filipino patriotism?
Yes, I do believe that the writings of Rizal were able to awaken the Filipino patriotism because he shaped
us to what we are and how we are currently, as well as forming our history as a country. Now, we stand
as one, Filipinos who are really devoted and always supporting the country.

Rizal
Chapter 10

Topic: Jose Rizal & Philippine Nationalism: Bayani & Kabayanihan


Guide Questions:
1. What is your definition of a “bayani” or hero, justify your definitions.
Everyone has his own definition of what “bayani” is. An internet definition states that a true hero is “a man
of
distinguished courage or ability, admired for his brave deeds and noble qualities.” In my perspective, a
hero
is someone who goes out of his/her way to help or make a difference in someone’s life- a person who
despite
what anyone else has to say will do the right thing and be a role model to others just like our national hero,
Dr. Jose Rizal, even though his parents was against his way of opposing the Spaniards and friars he still
continued writing novels that depicts the reality of what is going on with our country which helped to
awaken
the minds of the Filipinos and later on helped to achieve our freedom.

2. In your own words, why is Jose Rizal become our national hero? Do you have any suggestions on who
deserves the title? Who & why?
It has always been a heated argument on who deserves to be called Philippine’s national hero- if it is Jose
Rizal or Andres Bonifacio. The Philippine revolution driven by Andres Bonifacio was powered by the works
of Jose Rizal, which established a more lasting impression. For me, I would still choose Rizal as our
national
hero because if it weren’t for Rizal’s writing, many Filipinos wouldn’t be enlighten and declare a strike
against the Spanish conquerors.

3. Discuss some brilliant writings of Rizal which are living proofs that “The pen is mightier than the sword?
Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo are the best novels Rizal made, it’s not only for entertainment yet it
filled in as the enlivening purpose of the Filipinos to begin confronting reality that the Spaniards are setting
idle however to transform us into idiot people and that they causing impurities to our country.

4. Which is better: Rizal’s diplomatic reform or Bonifacio’s impulsive revolt? Defend your answer.
For me, Rizal’s diplomatic reform was better. Jose Rizal, our national hero, was one of the Filipinos who
asked for reforms. These reforms will grant the ultimate dream of the reformists; assimilation. Filipinos will
be given the rights that they deserve. He choose to seek for reforms than to start a revolution because he
knew that Philippines was not yet ready to stand on its own (during his time). Rizal used his liberal ideas in
asking for reforms. He denied the existence of the 1896 Revolution because he didn’t want his conscience
to be marred by the blood of his countrymen who will inevitably suffer because of their unpreparedness for
a full-scale revolution. Moreover, he believed that this will not make the Philippines a better country. The
Philippine Revolution freed the Filipinos from the hands of the Spaniards. Although Rizal has revolutionary
ideas, he was not for armed revolution. He was more for the gradual and peaceful one. One that is
catalyzed by the education of the people.

Rizal
Chapter 11

Topic: Jose Rizal & Philippine Nationalism: National Symbol

Guide Questions:
1. Explain why Rizal is our country’s national symbol?
Although Dr. Jose Rizal is widely recognized as our national hero, he nonetheless belongs to unofficial
national symbols. That status, however does not make him less of a fitting symbol of the Philippines.
Jose Rizal’s name and memory have been long representing and symbolizing our country. Even in the
international arena, Rizal’s name elicits the name of our country. The monuments built by people in
countries where he had been and his books or even books about him in foreign libraries necessarily
bear the name Philippines

2. What are the values highlighted by Rizal’s life?


There are several values highlighted by the various representations of Rizal as a national symbol, here
Are just some: Nationalism and Patriotism, Faith in God, Love of Fellowmen, Love of Parents, Devotion
To Truth, Purity and Idealism, Noble Thought and Conduct, Charity, Dedication to Duty, Moral Courage,
Willpower, Integrity, Sincerity, Self-Denial, Perseverance, Discipline and Self-Control, Initiative,
Prudence, Chivalry, Courtesy and Politeness, Frugality and Love for Justice.

3. Which of the values can be considered the most important in our life as a Filipinos? Explain
For me the values that can be considered the most important in our life as a Filipino is Perseverance
and I think we already possesses this value it’s just that we need to build it more within ourselves
because we all know that we, Filipinos, didn’t surrender in any challenges or difficulties in life. We didn’t
stop until we reached or achieved what we really want.

4. Explain the Executive Order No. 75 1993.


March 28,19993, President Fidel V. Ramos issued Executive Order No. 75 creating the National Heroes
Committee (NHC) under the Office of the President “to study and recommend the proclamation of National
Heroes.” After a series of thorough discussions, the commission came up with the new criteria comprising
10 point or standard here are some: (1) The extent of a person’s sacrifices for the welfare of the country; (2)
The motive and methods employed in the attainment of the ideal; (3) The moral character of the person
concerned; (4) The influence of the person concerned on his age/generation and/or the succeeding ones;
(5) Heroes are those who have concept of nation and thereafter aspire and struggle for the nation’s freedom;
(6) Heroes are those who define and contribute to a system of life of freedom and order of a nation; (7)
Heroes are those who contribute to the quality of life and destiny of a nation; (8) A hero is part of people’s
expression; (9) A hero thinks of the future, especially the future generations; and (10) The choice of a hero
involves not only the recounting of an episode or events in history but also the entire process that made this
particular person a hero.

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