Tricky Maths (Arithmetic) Sunil Khurab
Tricky Maths (Arithmetic) Sunil Khurab
IN
For More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
For More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
For More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
For More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
For More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
T chase Notes/book
90505-22254
or Whats App @ 97284-35915
For More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
t
Tricky Maths By Sunil Sir
97284-35915
For More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
For More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
For More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
!! Special Package!!
Contents
1. Advance Maths &
English Power
by courier
2.Tricky E-notes (pdf) of
full Maths on E-mail
3.5 All India Ranking Test
4.Maths problem will be solved
on whatsapp @ 9728435915
5.Daily 5 tricky Maths videos
on Whatsapp/e-mail
To purchase Whatsapp
YOUR Name,City & Exam
on 97284-35915
-
9* [m @ c= oÀ j .
f B$ev : B
°
. [
@o b B © 4 ® 2
ー
う 汇 一 CL 9 し十叼 - Ct
b ) b
V = t . -
今 兰 十 兰 一
兰 、
ド
ー
の
Ct J b L
o L +
l
c . j a + b e - @ c a
l
l i, o
=
4 p u w1 = qo
y '
4目e ! l 二二二
.
나平 / ー わう D - Q
·
,
ビ之
カ山 夕 口 ロ ら/ b
姓加 明 の 。 =
ー
=
a c ー
犷ご 回
O
cLe
Qw a · a ,
,y )
o Þþ o ry 1 @e ¯ e
K ?u
-
c HAï E Fu L _ h1 D
H T .
r n fr ( ·
Q7 4 q 3591
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
COL t m DT y l s ßY f u NZL fz < BBs )y t
ï/s
c t gp a ir y) P
A U 0 - Sr &
L
P
a . l @ a
l
b
l
@ q Al Æ c? A l
L L _
CL b D + bL a bL Q L+bL
N Bn uD þ Q =
+ b = 呙 Oh O '
N
Y- C t
·
g U
E+ v e avc
4 * e Q C L = Te "
' -
¬
lu e
er yl eR e v a
( eaBe + + Qn e j
1 5
=
3 ,
bj
= = . D
'
e o
C o A = Co Ó -
C h Bt \ J r b m E T B T 2 ü N K 2 N h C c
· ,
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
材· エ斗 々Y C o 另今 处 刃 n ひ· · の
e 2k b e Þ -
c o @e ß _ 3
_
Æ t
y) Æe l} ó
ゼ
び 拓
と
o f 十 닉
d @ e A
。2じ 铡一
。 て) 多 砖じ じ こ二二 力
瓦 拉
づ イ アニ 女
わド イ吠 在
多
ぴ了 一 3 =
っ せヌ 丫 一
구白三
D 久 니Y ア ー
3
缸 仁竹 一 》
c
3 パト ゴし
0 人 =
/ 山 づ 丫 ニ 디 ス ー
万
し し
十 나 建 十 나ヌ 너
y
ぴ ー
マ
三二
自 o @ r 回 ! o っ&
l LLWoN ¢t =
l
C DA1 -
° '
B ls Bq ry
) lr 二
4
十 二二 二
匕
+ J色 1 一 J芍
o v c o- Þ- k c N K r Ø
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
爿 、 工丰 - %y C c 弗今 足 庙f n ひ こ l
o 2尤 吕e o ひ ー
名钯 夕 一 飞
一
帽e 的 泪e ua む翅し
【
' L
o f x t r
@ て) @え 园 니 @ g
qgy z r
わド イX 在
多
ダ石 一 3 =
っ イヌ 丫 一
구白三
叭 나ア ア ー 3
佐 厂ノ
竹 ー ·
0 人 꽈 =
3
/ 丁5 づ 丫ニ 三 オ ー A じミ ゴユ
万
ズ 十
グ 一 建 十 나 〉(
占 一
너 욘
斗 P州 相巳 ゾ 汕化 イ
© d @ i
Col S -
三
°
口十/ s 吾
°
仁
上 ロヘっ 1百
十
二 せせ
가 단
t c c §t e Qr y) se
'
c o /ç u tq ry
) lr -
£r{y)re
逆子4匹 ゼ 与 四
十 一
一
石
十角 { 一
J百
@} tv Å
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
井 平 区c o 功
こ -
f3 广十 江 Ar {
Yì タ リ 一 o
q e N (Q U J L Or y) P 十 e c
l%
く
夕^
。 二
" 夕
客刁
と
ー
l ひ义 Q c 叭の 二二 几 句 月 O り 丛 飞。 一
丘
咛 ヨ ー
れ 暨 ^
、
f3 句 一
只 こ乙 ミ
o /
) I d O v r ee
元 乃
Qd D Co e e Bj C t + <Q h o 十 Fe - 6
f[ l To N
p Ld
I
= L
S p C c' L $ L m T H f Q 门丁 o H z / Hb J
s s c 9 L@
FüB D t ,
M r) 巳 し4 s s TE h z J TÉ Q BS! 3 5 q T
ï
.
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For
Scanned by More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
CamScanner
For More PDF Download Click Here- www.Nitin-Gupta.com
ALGEBRA PDF
BY
S.KUMAR (MATHS GURU)
BHAKLANIA
1. (a+b+c)2 = a2 +b2 + c2 +2ab + 2bc +2ca
m
2. a3+b3+c3 - 3abc = [a+b+c][a2+b2+c2-ab-bc-ca]
.co
abc
= [(a-b)2+(b-c)2+(c-a)2]
2
a2+b2+c2 = 0 a = 0, b = 0 & c = 0
59 n g
3.
15
e.g. If (a-3)3 + (b-2)2 + (c-4)2 = 0
59
i
then a-3 = 0 a = 3, b = 2, c = 4
nk
-3
4. If a2+b2+c2+3 = 2(a+b-c), find a+b+c
91 tio
Solution :- a2 + b2 +c2 +3 = 2a +2b -2c
a2+b2+c2 - 2a -2b+2c +3 = 0
68
,8
t i
a2 -2a+1+b2-2b+1+c2+2c+1 = 0
pe
5
a+b+c = 1+1-1 = 1
4-
o
ALGEBRA
Ph .c
28
1 1
If x 2 , then find the value of x99
w
x x100
97
1
w
Solution :- x 2 x2 - 2x+1
.
x
w
(x-1)2 = 0 x = 1
1
So If x 2 Put x = 1
x
1 1
x 99 100 = (1)
99
+ (1)100 = 2
x
99 1 99 1
& x (1)100 = (1) (1)100 1 - 1 = 0
m
2
2 1 1
x 2 x - 2
x x
.co
2
2 1 1
x 2 x 2
59 n g
x x
15
2
59
1 1
x 4 x2 2 2
4
i
x x
nk
-3
3
3 1 1 1
x 3 x 3 x
x x x
91 tio
1
If x = a x3 + 3 = a3 - 3a
1 68
,8
x x
t i
1 1
pe
10
x x
3
1
m
1 1
35
x3 3 =
x 3 x
x x x
4-
o
1 1
e.g. If x = a x 3 3 = a3 + 3a
Ph .c
28
x x
w
1 1
97
If x = 5 x 3 3 = 125 + 3 5 = 140
x x
w
.
1 1
x 3 x 3
w
x x
1 1
x2 92 7 x2 9 2 11
x2 x2
1 1
x4 49 2 47 x4 112 2 119
x4 x 4
1
x8 2209 2 2207
x8
1 1
and x x 2 2 72 5
x x2
m
2 1
1 1
and x x 2 x x x x 5 3 = 3 5
.co
1 1
Q. If x 4 4
119 Find x
x x
59 n g
15
1 1
Sol. x2+ 2 =
x4 4 2 = 119 2 = 11
1
59
x x
i
nk
-3
1 1
x x2 2 2
x x
91 tio
= 11 2 13
68
,8
t i
1
pe
5
Q. If x2 - 3x + 1 = 0, Find x 4
x4
Solution -
m
35
x2 - 3x + 1= 0
Divide by x
4-
o
1 1
Ph .c
28
x-3+ =0 x+ =3
x x
w
97
2 1
x =9-2=7
w
x2
.
1
w
4
x = 49 - 2 = 47
x4
1 1
Q. If x+ =3, Find x 5 =?
x x5
1 1 1
Solution - x = 3 x 2 2 = 7 x 4 4 = 49 - 2 = 47
x x x
4 1 1
x x 4 x x = 47 3 = 141
MOCK QUESTIONS
m
1. If x2 - 3x + 1 = 0 then find the value of
.co
1 1 1 1 1 1
(1) x 4 (2) x 3 (3) x 6 (4) x 7 (5) x3/2 3/2 (6)
x5 5
x4 x3 x6 x7 x x
1
59 n g
15
2. If 2a 5 , then find
3a
59
1 1
(a) 8a 3 (b) 27 a 3
i
=?
27 a 3 8a 3
nk
-3
1 1
3. If x 4 4 = 119, find
x3 3 = ?
x x
91 tio
4. If x +
1
x
= 5 Find 68
,8
t i
1 1
(a) x 5 (b) x3/2
pe
5
x5 x 3/2
1
If x = 1
m
35
x
x2 + 1 = x x2 - x + 1 = 0
4-
o
= 0 [ x2 - x + 1 = 0]
x3 = -1
w
97
1
w
x
w
1
Solution :- x = 1 x3 = -1
x
x54 + x48 + x12 + x6
= (x3)18+ (x3)16 + (x3)4+ (x3)2
= (-1)18+ (-1)16+ (-1)4+ (-1)2
=1+1+1+1=4
1
Q. If x + = 3
x
1
x3 + = 3 3 - 3 3 =0
x3
m
x6 + 1 = 0
.co
1 18 12 6
e.g. If x + = 3 , find x + x + x +1
x
1
59 n g
6
15
Solution - x+ = 3 x +1=0
x
x18 + x12 + x6 +1 = 0
59
i
= x12 (x6+1) + (x6 + 1)
nk
-3
= x12 0 + 0 = 0 [x6 + 1 = 0]
1 1
Q. If x + = 1, Find x17 17
91 tio
x x
1 1 x18 x
68
Solution - x = 1 x17 17 = 18
,8
i
x x x x
t
pe
5
3 6
x
x 1
6
x 1
= = = x = 1
3 6 6
x x x 1 x
m
35
1 1
4-
o
Q. If x = 3 x 3 3 = 3 3 - 3 3 = 0 x6 + 1 = 0
x x
Ph .c
28
1
e.g. If x x = 3 , Find x18 + x12 + x6 +1
w
97
x
w
1
Solution- x = 3 x6 + 1 = 0
.
x
w
x18 + x12 + x6 +1
= x12 (x6+1) + (x6 + 1)
= x12 0 + 0 = 0 [ x6+1 = 0]
m
Q. 13 4 3 = ?
.co
76 10 3 1 1
38 5 3 = 76 10 3 = (5 3 +1)
2 2 2
59 n g
15
3
59
Q. x , then find 1 x + 1 x
i
2
nk
-3
3 3 2 3
Solution - x 1 x = 1
2 2 2
91 tio
=
42 3 1
=
3 1 =
3 1 68
,8
4 2 2
t i
pe
3 1
5
in same way 1 x =
2
m
35
3 1 3 1 2 3
1 x + 1 x = + = = 3
2 2 2
4-
o
abc
Solution :- a3 + b3 +c3 - 3abc = [(a-b)2+(b-c)2+(c-a)2]
w
2
97
= 0 1 1
.
2
w
= 2993
m
a=b=c = =2
b a
or by hit and trial method
.co
put a = b = c =1
11
59 n g
Ans. is = 2
15
1
59
i
a b
If a2 +b2 +2b+4a + 5 = 0, find
nk
-3
Q.
ab
Solution :- a2 + b2 + 2b + 4a + 5 = 0
91 tio
a2 + 4a +4 +b2 +2b +1 = 0
[a+2]2 +[b+1]2 = 0 68
,8
a = -2, b= -1
t i
a b 1
pe
5
Put =
ab 3
Q. If a+b+c = 9 & ab+bc+ca = 26, then find a3+b3+c3-3abc =?
m
35
a2 +b2 + c2 = 29
Ph .c
28
3 3 3 2 2 2
a + b +c - 3abc = (a+b+c) [a +b +c - (ab +bc +ca)]
w
= 9 [29-26] = 27
97
put a = 4, b = 3, and c = 2
w
1
a3 + b3 + c3 - 3abc = (a+b+c) [(a-b)2 + (b-c)2 + (c-a)2]
2
1
= 9 [1 + 1 + 4] = 27
2
3 1
x = - =
x 3 24 3 6 3 18 3
m
2p 1 2 1
Q. If p 2 2 p 1 = , then find p p 2
.co
4
2p 1 p2 2 p 1
Solution :- or =4
p2 2 p 1 4 2p
59 n g
15
p2 2 p 1
59
=8
i
p
nk
-3
1 1
p - 2 + p = 8 p + p = 10
91 tio
1
p2 + p 2 = 100 - 2 = 98
68
,8
t i
a b b
Q. If + + = 1, then find the value of
pe
5
1 a 1 b 1 c
1 1 1
+ +
m
35
1 a 1 b 1 c
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
4-
o
1
Ph .c
28
Solution:- Put a = b = c =
4
w
Ans. is 4
97
expression
w
m
x
x72 + x66 +x54 +x36 +x24 +x6 +1
.co
[x6]12 +[x6]11 +[x6]9+[x6]6+[x6]4+x6+1
= [-1]12+[-1]11+[-1]9 +[-1]6+[-1]4+0
=1-1-1+1+1=1
59 n g
15
(ii) x206 + x200 +x90+ x84 +x18+x12+x6+1
59
x200[x6+1]+x84[x6+1]+x12[x6+1] + x6+1
i
0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 [ x6 + 1 = 0]
nk
-3
1 1
Q.
If x = a a b 2 3
+ a
3
a b2 3
3
then find the value of x3 +3bx -2a
91 tio
(a) 2a3 (b) -2a3
1
(c) 0 68 1
(d) 1
,8
i
Solution:- x = a a b 2 3
+ a
3 2
a b 3
3
t
pe
5
x3 = a a 2 b 3 + a a 2 b 3
m
35
1 1
4-
o
+ 3 a a b 2 3
a
3
a b2 3
3
(x)
Ph .c
28
x3 = 2a +3[a2-(a2+b3)]1/3 [x]
w
97
= 2a +3 [-b3]1/3 x
= 2a -3bx
w
.
x3 +3bx - 2a = 0
w
1 2
Q. If x = 2 + 2 3 + 2 3 , then value of x3 - 6x2 + 6x +1 is
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0
1 2 1 2
Solution:- x = 2 + 2 3 + 2 3 x -2 = 2 3 + 2 3
cubing both sides, be get
x3 - 8 - 3.2x [x-2] = 2 + 22 +3 21/3 22/3 (x-2)
x3 - 8 - 6x2 +12x = 2 + 4 + 6 (x -2)
m
a+ =6
a
a6 a4 a2 1
.co
1 1
Now 3 = a3+a + + 3 = 6 + 198 = 204
a a a
1 5x
59 n g
15
Q. If 2x+ =5, then find the value of 2
3x 6 x 20 x 1
59
1
i
Solution :- 2x+ =5 6x2 +1 = 15x
3x
nk
-3
5x 5x 5x 1
2 = = =
6 x 20 x 1 15 x 20 x 35 x 7
91 tio
Q.
1
If x + = 99, then find of value of
x
100 x
2
2 x 102 x 2
68
,8
t i
1
Solution:- x+ = 99 x2 + 1 = 99x
pe
5
x
2x2+2 = 198x
m
35
1 1
Ph .c
Q.
x x3
w
97
2 2
1 1
Solution:- x x = x x + 4 = 13
w
.
1 1
w
3
x = 13 x x3 = 13 13 - 3 13 = 10 13
x
1 2 1
Q. If x = 5, then find the value of 2 x x 2
x
2 1 1
1
Solution:- 2 x x2 = 2 x x x x
1
x = 29
x
2 1
2 x x 2 = 2 5 29 = 10 29
m
1
Q. If x = 3 2 2 ,then find the value of x 3 3
x
co
1
Solution:- x = 3+ 2 2 = 3- 2 2
x
g.
15
1
x+ =6
x
3
1 1 1
x x
3
x + 3 = x - 3
x x
= 216 - 3 [6] = 198 n
91 tio
a b
Q. If =1, then find the value of a3 +b3 6
b a
,8
i
a b
t
Solution:- = 1 a2 +b2 = ab
pe
5
b a
& a3 + b3 = (a+b) (a2 -ab+b2)
= (a+b) (ab -ab) = 0
m
35
Solution:- 3
p3 3 p 2 3 p 1 = 3
p 3 13 3 p ( p 1) = 3
( p 1)3 = p - 1
Ph .c
28
= 101 -1 = 100
w
97
a b c 1 1 1
Q. If = 1, then find the value of
w
1 a 1 b 1 c 1 a 1 b 1 c
.
w
a b c
Solution:- =1
1 a 1 b 1 c
a b 1
1 1 1 = 1+3 = 4
1 a 1 b 1 c
a 1 a b 1 b c 1 c
=4
1 a 1 b 1 c
x z
Q. If x + y = 2z, then find the value of + yz
xz
Solution:- x+y = 2z
x -z = z - y
m
x z x z xz
+ yz = - = =1
xz xz xz xz
.co
Q. If a+b+c = 10, a2 +b2+c2 = 38 & abc = 30, then find the value of
1 1 1
(i)
59 n g
15
a b c
(ii) a3 +b3+c3
59
i
1 1 1 bc ac ab
Solution:- (i) =
nk
-3
a b c abc
(a+b+c)2 = a2+b2+c2+ 2(ab+bc+ca)
91 tio
(1012 = 38 +2(ab+bc+ca)
ab +bc +ca = 31
1 1 1 31
=
68
,8
i
a b c 30
t
a3+b3+c3 -3 30 = 10 [38-31] = 70
a3+b3+c3 = 160
m
35
(a+b)2 = a2+b2+2ab
4-
o
(a-b)2 = a2 + b2 - 2ab
Ph .c
28
w
97
Q. 13 4 3
w
2ab = 4 3
.
w
ab = 2 3 1
a= 2 3 b=1
2 2
a + b = 12 + 1 = 13
2
13 2 3 = 2
3 1 = 2 3 1
m
4 6 x 8 x 12
Q. If x , then find +
2 3 x 8 x 12
.co
4 6 4 2 3 8 12
Solution:- x = =
2 3 2 3 2 3
59 n g
15
59
x 12
i
=
nk
-3
8 2 3
applying C & D , we get
91 tio
x 8 12 2 3 3 3 2
x 8
=
12 2 3
=
3 2
-i 68
,8
i
x 8
t
Simillary =
pe
5
12 2 3
m
35
4-
o
Ph .c
28
8 2 3 3 2
w
x 12 3
.
= 8 2 3
= - ii
x 12 2 3
w
12 4 1 1
= =3
2
m
e.g. 19 19 19 .......... [a=19]
.co
4 19 1 1 77 1
= =
2 2
59 n g
15
e.g. 72 72 .......... [a =72]
59
4 72 1 1 17 1
i
= = 9
2 2
nk
-3
52 3
Q. If = a + b 3 , then find the value of a + b
91 tio
74 3
52 3
68
,8
Solution:- = a+b 3
i
74 3
t
pe
5
52 3 74 3
=a+b 3
74 3 74 3
m
35
35 - 6 3 - 24 = a + b 3
4-
o
11- 6 3 = a + b 3
Ph .c
In fgure, 'O' is the fixed point The longer piece is called major arc
and P is a moving point in and smaller piece is called minor arc
the same plane. The path
traced by P is called a circle. Unless stated otherwise, by
Fixed point O is the centre of an arc AB we shall mean the A B
minor arc.
the circle and the constant
P
distance OP is called radius of
Major Arc
Major arc is denoted by APB
the circle.
circumference (ifjf/) and minor arc is denoted by
OR A circle is a simple closed curve, all the points of A B
which are at the same distance from a given fIxed point. AQN
Circumference
Length of a complete circle is called its circumference. Q
Note:-When M and N are ends of a diameter then both
Terminology Related to CIRCLES the arcs are equal and both are called semicircle.
1) Radius (f=kT;k) : Line segment joining centre and 5) Segment of a circle (o`Ùk[k.M) :
any point of circle.
The region between a chord and an arc of a circle is
called a segment.
There are two segments corresponding to two arcs,
major segment and minor segment. Major segment is
the segment enclosed by major arc.
Radius (f=kT;k) Centre of the circle lies in the major segment.
Minor segment is the segment enclosed by minor arc.
2) Chord (thok) : A line segment joining any two points Major
on a circle is called chord of the circle. segment
Centre
P Q
Chord (thok) Minor
segment
Major segment
Minor segment
3) Diameter (O;kl) : A chord passing through the cen-
tre of a circle is known as its diameter. Diameter is 6) Sector of a circle(f=kT;[k.M) : The part of a circle
longest chord. enclosed by an arc and two radii is called a
sector.
Major Sector
Diameter (O;kl)
Minor Sector
1 2
3. Area of semicircle = πr
8) Tangent of a circle ( LiZ'kjs[kk) : 2
A tangent is a straight line which touches the
circumference of a circle at only one point. A tangent 4. Perimeter of semicircle = ( π +2)r
does not intersect the circumference, if produced 1 2
infinitely on either sides. 5. Area of a quadrant of a circle = πr
4
π
A 6. Perimeter of a quadrant of a circle = + 2 r
O
2
θ
P 7. Area of a sector of a circle = × πr 2
360
θ
B 8. Length of arc = × 2πr
360
9) Secant of a circle ( izfrPNsnhjs[kk ) : A straight line inter-
secting the circle at two points, is called a secant.
O AC = BC and OC ⊥ AB
A P B
# In a circle with radius 13 cm, a chord is drawn at
If OPAB then AP = PB the distance 12 cm from the centre. Find the length
of the chord.
Conversely, the line joining the centre of a circle
Solution:- Distance of the chord from the centre is 12 cm
to the midpoint of a chord is perpendicular tothe chord. obviously, OC AB. C is the midpoint of
If AP = PB then OPAB . AB.
O O
B cm
13 E
cm
C D
13
F 5 cm
C D A F B
By the Pythagoras Theorem:
The perpendicular bisectors of two chords AB and CD OF 132 5 2 = 144 = 12 cm
of a circle intersect at its centre O.
OE = 132 122 5 cm
EF is the distance between the chords
and EF = OF – OE = 12 cm – 5 cm = 7 cm
x 3 5 r 2 x 2 6x 61 r 2 .... (2)
2
2 4
From (1) and (2), we get
121 61 60 5
x2 x 2 6x 6x x
4 4 4 2
Substituting x into (1), we get
Now, PN = 8 (Since ON is the perpendicular bisector) 2 2
5 11 25 121 146 1
In DPON r2 r 146
ON 2 = OP 2 – PN 2 2 2 4 4 4 2
= (17)2 – (8)2 = 289 – 64 = 225 TRICK:-
or ON = 15 ⇒ ∴ OM = 23 – 15 = 8
In DORM,
RM 2 = OR2 – OM 2
17 – 82 = 289 – 64 = 225
2
or RM = 15 ⇒ RS = 15 × 2 = 30 cm
TRICK:-
NP becomes OM =8
In DORM,
RM 2 = OR2 – OM 2
17 – 82 = 289 – 64 = 225
2
or RM = 15 ⇒ RS = 15 × 2 = 30 cm
Q
12
20
x PQ = 12 cm
O 1
∴ PL = 1/2 PQ ⇒ PL = × 12 ⇒ PL = 6 cm
20 y 2
16 In rt. DOLP, OP2 = OL2 + LP2
(using Pythagoras theorem)
Distance between chords ⇒ (10)2 = OL2 + (6)2 ⇒ OL2 = 64; OL = 8
In DO′LP, (O′L)2 = O′P2 – LP2 = 64 – 36 = 28
= x y 20 2 12 2 20 2 16 2 16 12 28 cm
O′L2 = 28 ⇒ O′L = 28
Only one option contains 28. Hence theywill
definitely be 4 cm apart in the othercase. O′L = 5.29 cm
TRICK:- 16 will become x & 12 will become y ∴ OO′ = OL + O′L = 8 + 5.29
OO′ = 13.29 cm
Distance between chords
x+y=28 or x-y=4 cm # Two equal circles pass through each other's centre.
If the radius of each circle is 5 cm, what is the length
of the common chord?
# A chord of length 14 cm is at a distance of 6 (a) 5 3 (b) 10 3
cm from the centre of a circle. Find the
length of another chord at a distance of 2 5 3
(c) (d) 5
cm from the centre of the circle. 2
(a) 18 cm (b) 16 cm Solution: (a)
A
(c) 10 cm (d) 12 cm
Solution:- (a) Let AB be the chord of length 14 cm.
at a distance of 6 cm from the centre O.
Draw OE ^ AB. Then, BE = 7 cm and OE = 6 cm. O
M
O
\ OB2 = OE2 + BE2 = (62 + 72) = 85.
Let CD be the chord at a distance of 2 cm from O.
Now, OF = 2 cm, OD2 = OB2 = 85.
B
A E
B Given, distance between the centres of two circle = 5 cm
7 7 OO' = 5 cm
C
F D 5
∴ OM = cm
O 2
\ FD = 9 cm.
\ CD = 2 ´ FD = 18 cm.
R R R
P
Q
O O
P Q
O
P Q
x0 x0
A B
O
Acute Angle
Obtuse Angle
x 56
1) 25° 2) 65° B
3) 45° 4) 35°
A O C
E D
1 B
x= × angle by A
2
( arc AC – arc BD) at the centre 1. The sum of either pair or opposite angles of a cyclic
quadrilateral is 1800.
A
D
x 0
D
A
B
C
C
1 B
x = × angle by
2
(arc AC + arc BD) at centre ∠ A + ∠ C = 1800 and ∠ B + ∠ D = 1800
2. If the sum of any pair of opposite angles of a quad-
rilateral is 1800, then the quadrilateral is cyclic.
A
D
C E
B
∠ CDE = ∠ A
A D
P
Q S
R
B C
Q R
C # I n t h e a d joi n i n g fi g u r e , A B C D i s a c yc l i c
quadrilateral. If AB is a diameter, BC = CD and ÐABD
= 40°, find the measure of ÐDBC.
∠ A + ∠ B + ∠ C + ∠ D = 900 x 6 = 5400
D
C
9. ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. AB and DC are pro- d X
X
duced to meet in E, then ∆ EBC ~ ∆ EDA .
a 40°
A B
D
C
E
B
(a) 65 (b) 25
A
(c) 45 (d) 60
10. AB is diameter of a circle. Chord CD is equal to SOLUTION:- (b) In DBCD, BC = CD, ÐBDC = ÐCBD = x
radius. If AC and BD when produced intersect at P, In cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, ÐABC + ÐADC =
then ∠ APB = 600 180°40° + x + 90° + x = 180° Þ x = 25°.
A
B
600
D
C
B
# If two sides of a cyclic quadrilateral are parallel
A 30° then the remaining two sides are equal and the
diagonals are also equal. or
A cyclic trapezium is isosceles and its diagonals are
O
equal.Conversely, If two nonparallel sides of a
trapezium are equal it is cyclic. or
An isosceles trapezium is always cyclic.
D
OB = OA = radius of the circle
ÐAOB = 180 – (30 + 30)
{Sum of angles of triangle = 180°)
Þ 120°
120
Then ÐADB = = 60°, because the angle subtended If there is a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD in which
2
AB || CD then
by a chord at the centre is twice of what it can subtend
at the circumference. Again, ABCD is a cyclic (i) AD = BC (ii) AC = DB
quadrilateral;
So ÐACB = 180° – 60° = 120° (because opposite angles
of cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary). # The bisectors of the angles formed by
producing the opposite sides of a cyclic
# ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral in which BC || quadrilateral(provided that they are not
AD, ÐADC = 110° and ÐBAC = 50° find ÐDAC parallel), intersect at right angle.
(a) 60° (b) 45°
(c) 90° (d) 120° Q
SOLUTION:-(a) ÐABC + ÐADC = 180° (sum of opposites
angles of cyclic quadrilateral is 180°)
D
A D
C
50° 110°
R
B C
A
B
P
(vi) < BA
AB
O
8.ALternate segment THEOREM
If a chord is drawn through the point of contact of a
tangent to a circle, then the angle which this chord makes
A P B OP ⊥ AB with the given tangent is equal to
the angle formed in the alternate segment.
2) A line drawn through the end point of a radius and
perpendicular to it is a tangent to the circle.
C B
3) One and only one tangent can be drawn to a circle
at a given point on the circumference.
D
B D
P C C
T
B PA = PB
7) P
A
Q
R
P O PR x RQ = TR2
10) Two circles touch externally and through the point
B of contact a straight line is drawn, touches the
circumference of both circle, then the tangent at its
(i) PA = PB extremities are parallel.
C C D
F
D
If AB | | CD than ∠ EOF = 900
AB | | CD
15) Tangents at the end point of a diameter of a circle
11) If a circle touches all the four sides of a quadrilateral are parallel.
then the sum of opposite pair of sides are equal.
R S
A
d
c
B
C a P Q
b PQ | | RS
D
16) Common tangents to two circle
AB + DC = BC + DA
B P C
Q R One common tangent
T O
D
Four common tangent C F
(i) AB = CD = EF
# Direct common tangent: A tangent to two circles are such
that the two circles lies on the same side of the tangent, (ii) AE = EB = EG = GF = CF = FD
then the tangent is called direct tangent to the two circles.
# IMPORTANT RESULT
Q A
P B
r1 2 C
O O
R
∠ ACB = 900
S
In the figure, PQ and RS are two direct common tangent # The point of intersection of direct common tangents
to the same two circles. Length of these two common and indirect (transverse) common tan-gents to two circles
tangents to the same two circles are equal. divide the line segment joining the two centres, both
externally and inter-nally, in the ratio of their radii.
i.e. PQ = RS
Also PQ = RS = (OO′)2 + (r2 − r1 ) 2 A
E B
Here O, O′ are the centres and r1, r2 H
O P
2 1 Q O´
F
# Indirect or Transverse Common Tangent: If a tangent
G D
to two circles is such that the two circles lie on opposite
sides of the tangent, then the tangent is called indirect C
tangent. In the above figure, there are two non-intersecting circles.
Length of two indirect tangents to two circles is equal. AB and CD are their direct commontangents, which when
produced meet at P. Also, EF and GH are the transverse
common tan-gents intersecting at Q. r is the radius of
the circle having centre O and s is the radius of circle
P S
having centre O´.Then
r1
O (i) P divides OO´ externally in the ratio r : s.
O
r2 OP r
ie
R O´P s
Q
(ii) Q divides OO´ internally in the ratio r : s
OQ r
ie
In the figure, PQ and RS are two indirect common tangents O´Q s
to the same two circles.
∴ PQ = RS
2 2
Also PQ = RS = (OO′) − (r1 + r2 )
Here O, O′ are centres r1, r2 are radii of the two circles
respectively.
O
R
C r1 r2
O
P Q
50°
O
30°
B A F I II
(a) 100° (b) 150° 1. (b) In DSOQ and DROP
(c) 80° (d) Indeterminate ÐO is common
ÐS = ÐR = 90º (tangent at
(a) ÐCAF = 100°. Hence ÐBAC = 80° circle)
Also, ÐOCA = (90–ACF) = 90 – 50 = 40° =
\ D SOQ ~ DROP
ÐOAC (Since the triangle OCA is isosceles)
Hence ÐOAB = 40° RP OP PQ + OQ PQ
In isosceles DOAB, ÐOBA will also be 40° Þ = = = +1
SQ OQ OQ OQ
Hence, ÐBOA = 180 – 40 – 40 = 100°
4 PQ PQ 4 1
Þ = + 1 or = -1 =
3 OQ OQ 3 3
Þ PQ = 7 and OQ = 21
Directions for Questions 1–3: Answer the questions on the
7 1
basis of the information given below. \ Required ratio = =
21 3
In the adjoining figure, I and II are circles with centers P and Q
respectively. The two circle touch each other and have a common 2. (b) PQ = r1 + r2 = 7
tangent that touches them at points R and S respectively. As the ratio of radii is 4 : 3.
So, the only value which satisfies the radii of
This common tangent meets the line joining P and Q at O.
circle II = 3
The diameters of I and II are in the rartio 4 : 3. It is also known
3. (c) In DSOQ,
thatthe length of PO is 28 cm.
Þ SO2 + SQ2 = OQ2
Þ SO2 = 212 – 32 = (21 – 3) (21 + 3) = 18 × 24 = 432
R
Þ SO = 12 3
S
# In the given diagram O is the centre of the circle and CD is
a tangent. ÐCAB and ÐACD are supplementary to each
O other ÐOAC 30°. Find the value of ÐOCB:
P Q
A
B
I II
O
1. What is the ratio of the length of PQ to that of QO?
(a) 1 : 4 (b) 1 : 3
(d) 3 : 8 (d) 3 : 4
C D
2. What is the radius of the circle II?
(a) 2 cm (b) 3 cm (a) 30° (b) 20°
(c) 60° (d) None of these
(c) 4 cm (d) 5 cm
(a) ÐOCD = 90°
3.. The length of SO is ÐOAC = ÐOCA = 30°
ÐACD = ÐACO + ÐOCD = 30° + 90° = 120°
(a) 8 3 cm (b) 10 3 cm \ ÐBAC = 180° – 120° = 60°
Þ ÐBCD = 60° (ÐBCD = ÐBAC)
(c) 12 3 cm (d) 14 3 cm Þ ÐOCB = ÐOCB – ÐBCD
= 90° – 60° = 30°
A
(a) 4 cm (b) 6 cm
(c) 5.6 cm (d) Data insufficient
# In the given figure, AB is chord of the circle with centre O,
(b) ÐADO is a right angle (angle of semicircle)
BT is tangent to the circle. The values of x and y are
Again when OD is perpendicular on the chord AC and
OD passes through the centre of circle ABC, then it
P
must bisect the chord AC at D.
y \ AD = CD = 6 cm
B O O
X D
32º 90°
O O¢
120° 120°
A D
Therefore, perimeter of surface O¢¢
= 2pr + BC + DE + FA = (2p + 6)m F 120° E
30°
B T
A
1) 100° 2) 80°
3) 40 4) 65°
sss ss
s
ss ss ssssssssssss
ssss
ssssss s ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
ss sssssssssssssssssssssssssss sss
s
ss s
sss s
ssss ssssss sssss
s s s s s s ss s
ss -
-
-
s s
- -
s
-
-
sssss ssssssssssssssssssssssssss
s s
sssssssssssssssss ssssssssssssss
s sss sssssssss sssssssssssssss ss
ssssss ssssss
sss
DE PERPEND-
sss s
sss ssssss
ss
s ss s
ss
ss
s
s
ss
ss
s
ss
ss ssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
s
s
sss s
sssssss ssssssss
sssssssss ssssssssssssssss
ssssssss ssss
sssss
ss s
ssssss
ss ss ssssssssssssssssssss
sss
ss ssssss
ss
ss s
ss
ss s
s ss ss ss
s ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss ss
s
sssssssssssssssssssssss s sssssss
sssssssssssssss ssss
ssss
ssssssssssss sssssssssssss sss
sss
ss ssssssssss ssssssss
ssssssssssss s
sssssss sssssss sssssssssssssssss
sssss
sssss
ss
sss s
sss ssssssssssss s
sss
sssss
ssss
ssssss ss
ssss
ss sssssssssssssss ssssssssssssssssssss sssss
ssss
sssssssss
sssss ss
sss ss s
ss s
sss sss s
sss s
sssssss sssssss
s
ss s
ss
s
s
s
ss s
sss
s
s
ss ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
ss
s
s
sssss
ssssssss
sss
s
s sssssssssssss sssssssssssssss sss ss
ssssssssssss ssssssssssss ssssssss ss s
ssssss s sssssssssssssssssssssssss ss ssssssssssss
s sssss
sssssssssssss ssssssssss
sss
sssssssssssss ssssssss
sss
ssssssssssss ssssssssssss ss
ss ssss
ss ssssss ss
sss s
ssssssssssss sss
sss sssss
sssssssssss ssssssssssssssssssssssss ss sssssss sssssssssssssssssssssssssss
sssss ssssss s
s ss sssssssssssssssssss s ssssss
ssssssssssssssssss
sss ssss ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
ss s sss s
ss s ss ss
ss sss
sssssssssssssssssssssssss
s ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
ss ss
sssssssssssssss
ss
sss sss sss sssssssss ssssssss ssssss
sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss ssssssssssssssss
sssss ssss
sssss sssss
ss
ss s ss ss
ss ssss
ss sssssssssssssssssssssssssssss sssss
s sss
ssssssssssssssssssssssss
sssssssssss
sss s
ssssssssssss
ssss sssssssssssssssssssssss ssssssssss ss sssssssssssssssss
ssssssssssssss ssssssssss ssssssss sss
sss
sss ss ss s
sss
ss ss s
s
ssssss ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
s sss ssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
sssssssssssssssss
sssssss
s ss sss ssssssssssssssss sssssssss sssssss
ssssssss
ss sssssssssssss ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
sss
sss ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
ss s ss sss ss
ss
ss ss
ss sss sssss
s ssssssssssssssss ssssssssssss ssss
s sss
sssssssssssssssssssssssss
ssssssssssssss ssssssssssssssssss s
sss s
sssssssss ssssssssss
sssssssssssssssss sssssssssssssssssss sssssss s
ssssss
sssssssssssssssssssss sss
ss
ssssss s
sss sss ss
sssss ssssss
s sss
s
ss sss s
ss
sss sssssssss ssssssssss
s
ssssssssssssssss sss
s ssssssssssssssss
sss ss
sss
sss s sss ss
ss s s sss
sssssssssssssssssssssss
s
s
ssssssssssssss sssssss
ss ssssssssssssssss sss
sss
s ss ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
sssssssssssss sssssssssss sssss
ss ss sssssssssssss
ss sssss sssss
sss s
ssssssssssssss sssss ssss
sssss sssssssssssss
sssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
s sssss sssssssssssssssssssssss ssssss
sssssssss ss
ss s s
ssss
ss
sss s s ssssssssssssssssssssss ssssssssss
s ssssssssss ssss ssssssssssssss
sssssssssssssssssssssssss ss
ssssssss volume of a right prism be 3 3 p2
sssssssssss sssssssssss ssss ssssss 2
s ss
ss ssssss s ssssss ssssss
sssssss ss sssssssssssssssssssssss sssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
ssss sss
ss s
sss sss s
s sss
ss ssss sssss
ss s
s ssssssssssssssssss sssssssssssss sssss
sssss ssssssssssss
ssssss sssssss sss
ss
s
sss
s ssssssssssssss ss ss ssssssss sss ssssssssssssssssssss
ssss
sssssssss
ssssssss ssssssssssssssssssssssssss ssssssssssssssssssssssss
ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss sssss sssssssssssss ssssssssssss
ss sssssssssssssssssssssss s
sss s ss
sssssssss ssssssssss
sssssssssss ssssssssssssssss s sssssssssssssssssssss
sss
ssssssssss ssss
sssssss sssssssss s
s
ss s s
s s sssssssssssss
sssss ssssssssssssss
s
sssssss ss ss ssssssss sssssssss
sssssssss ss
sss s
ssss ssssss
ss s
s sss
sssssssssss ssssss
s
s ssssssssssssss ss ss ssssssss sss ss s
sss ssssss
sssssss ssssssssssssssssssssssssss
s
ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss sssss ss s
s
ss ssssssssss ssss sss sssssssss
sssssssssssssssss ssssssssssssssssssss s
s
ss s
ss
ss s ss
s ssssssssssss s ssssss s
sss s
sss s
ssssssssssssssssssss ssssssssss
ss
sss s
ss
ssss
sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
ss ssssss
sssssssssss
sssssssssssssssssssssssss
ss sss
s
ss s
ss
ssssss s
ss ss
ss s
s sssssss ssssssssss ss
ssss
s
ss
s
sss s s" s"sssssssssss ssssssss
s ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
s sss s
ssss ssssss sssssssss
ssssssssss ssss
sssssssss s sssssssss"sss s"sss
s
sssssssss s sssss
sssss
sss
sss sssss ss
sss s
ss
sssss ssss mmmm
s sss s
ssssssss ssssssssss sss
ss sss sss sss
ssssssssssssss sssssssssssssssssss
sss ss sss ss sss
ssssssssss ssssssssssssss
sssssssss ssssss
ssss sss sssss s
sss sss ssss sss
ss sss sssssssssssssss ssssssssss sss ssss ssss ssss
sss C
PQS=60
sss ssssss s
ssss
sss
sss
ss
sss
ss
s3
sss
ss
sss
sss sss
sss s sss
sss sss sss ss
s ssssssssssss