Disciplines and Ideas

in the Social Sciences

Institutionalized and Gender Sensitive
Society towards Equality

Quarter 2 -
Module 8
Most Essential Learning Competency:
Analyze the basic concepts and principles of the
major Social Science Ideas: Psychoanalysis, Rational
Choice, Institutionalism, Feminist Theory,
Hermeneutical Phenomenology, Human-
Environment Systems
 HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb
you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully
enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of
this module.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing
enhances learning that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key card.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

 Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module.
 Pretest - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.
 Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure what learnings
and skills did you understand from the previous lesson.
 Brief Introduction - This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
 Discussion - This section provides a short discussion of the lesson. This
aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills.
 Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.
 Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.
 Check your understanding - It will verify how you learned from the lesson.
 Posttest - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module.

1
 EXPECTATION
You will analyze the basic concepts and principles of Institutionalism.
Specifically, this module will help you to:
 understand the basic concepts and principles of Institutionalism;
 examine the constitutive nature of formal and informal institutions; and
 interpret personal and social experiences relating to constrains social
behavior.
Let us start your journey in learning more on Institutionalism. I
am sure you are ready and excited to answer the Pretest.
Smile and cheer up!

PRETEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Which of the following highlights institutionalism approach in Social
Science?
a. Emphasize connectedness of social institutions.
b. Emphasize the role of institutions in the society.
c. Emphasize social inequalities as cause of social conflict.
d. Emphasize the rationality of human choices and actions.
2. These institutions are officially established. The government itself is an
example. What form of institutions is this?
a. Local Institutions
b. Private Institution
c. Formal Institution
d. Informal Institution
3. Which of the following signifies formal institution?
a. beliefs c. norms
b. laws d. practices
4. These institutions are not officially established but commonly accepted by
the society like practices, standard or label of behavior. What form of
institution is this?
a. Local Institutions
b. Private Institution
c. Formal Institution
d. Informal Institution
5. Which of the following signifies informal institution?
a. laws c. regulations
b. norms d. rules
 LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON
Great, you finished answering the questions. You may request your
facilitator to check your work. Congratulations and keep on learning!

Modified TRUE or FALSE

In the previous lesson, you have learned about the Basic Concepts and
Principles of Rational Choice. Before the new lesson starts, try to answer the quiz
below:
Directions: Write TRUE if the given statement is correct. If incorrect change the
underlined words to make the statement correct. Use ¼ sheet of paper for your
answer.
1. Rational Choice Theory emerged during industrial revolution in American
Political Science between 1950s and 1960s.
2. Positivist greatly influenced the rational choice specifically August Comte in
his works.
3. Persons do irrational choices founded on their goals, and those decisions
determine their conduct.
4. Rational choice can’t be used to know why a person behave or act the way he
does.
5. People act as they do since they think that acting on their chosen human
activity has much profit than costs.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION
Institutionalism approach can be interpreted as a subject of study to
governmental institutions, which is fundamental to the discipline of Political Science
like public administration that study the institutional set up of the social services or
public authorities. This approach can also be explained as any formal management
set up and design to emulate behavior, function, and regulation that constraints to
human actions such as formal constraints and informal constraints.
As you go on with the lesson, you will understand the basic concepts and
principles of institutionalism. Also, examine the constitutive nature of formal and
informal institutions, how it constrains social behavior. Further, you will learn to
interpret personal and social experiences using institutionalism as relevant approach
in the Social Sciences.
 Lesso
DISCUSSIONS
n The Basic Concepts and
Principles of Institutionalism
1
On March 16, 2020 by the virtue of Proclamation No. 929 signed by President
Rodrigo Roa Duterte, the national government affirmed a state of calamity all over
the Philippines. The President also called on Congress to hold special sessions to
enact the Bayanihan to Heal as One Act. Upon the senate’s approval, the President
was granted emergency power necessarily to carry out exigent procedures to meet
the existing national emergency related to COVID-19 pandemic.
The President realigned the national budget approved for 2020 in response to
pandemic. The government gave financial aid to the people with the help of some
government agencies and institutions such as the Department of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD) for the distribution of the Social Amelioration Program or SAP;
Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth) for the universal healthcare for
COVID-19 patients’ financial assistance; and the Department of Labor and
Employment (DOLE) for the five thousand pesos (Php 5,000) grant under COVID-19
Adjustment Measure Program.
Other institutions like the Philippine National Police (PNP) and Military officials
made sure that the people followed social distancing and home quarantine protocols.
The Department of Education (DepEd) as the country’s leading education institution
planned an education program in response to new normal education with blended
learning which uses online and offline teaching and other learning modalities.
The pandemic crisis leads to lockdowns of different places, social distancing
and strict home quarantine protocols. These are restrictions imposed by the
government to slow down the spread of the corona virus. The formal management
set up and designs to emulate behavior, function, and regulation. With these,
Filipinos experience constraints in their daily life activities. People are not able to
go to work, they can’t visit their families in other places, and social gatherings are not
allowed because these human actions can trigger the spread of the virus.
These are some of the formal constraints or regulations need to be followed by
the people. All of these scenarios we are experiencing at this time show how
“Institutionalism” works and employs in our society. The connection at large has an
impact on political system, shape political policy and social constrains that people
experience.
INSTITUTIONALISM
Institutionalism is an approach aligned to methods and approaches in political
science that has significance in society. This implied as the regulations, orders and
systems. The aforesaid approaches vary mostly in the interpretation of institutions, in
their subject, logic of motive, and in the ideas they accord with development. Through
this, institutions can be explained as any formal management set up and design to
emulate behavior, function, and regulation.
According to North (1990), institution is any kind of constraints that man made
to form action. This may relate formal constraints like regulation, or informal constraints
like practice, standard or label of behavior. While Hall (1986) explained that, institutions
as the formal regulation, conformity, operation, and standard operational practices that
constitution the relation of persons in different areas in the civil order and economy.
Likewise, March and Olsen (1989), stressed that the primary effect of institutions in
political affair based from the reality that they are accumulation of interconnected
regulation and procedure that determine right actions in dealings of functions and
situations.
The origin of this approach rested on the idea of organization and legitimacy,
thus, in institutionalized position of political agreement with party scheme, the
regulation of elected competition, governing bureaucracies, legislative body, judiciary
system, and big institutionalized structure compose of the governmental social
institutions, and public Institutions necessary organization especially in political
attribute. Institutionalism is an approach use in governing body and social science.
William Robson (1975) explained that this approach is institutional as it gathered
focus on the government involved in public administration, examined functions,
structure, account and relations. It communicates how they functioned and the level
of strength they accomplished.

FORMAL AND INFORMAL INSTITUTIONS

Institutions can also be explained as any formal or informal management set up

and design to emulate behavior, function, and regulation that constraints to human
actions.
Formal Institutions are institutions that are officially established in one way or
another. The government itself is an example and other government agencies, the
national and local government laws, rules, and regulations. Other examples of formal
institutions are business corporations, labor unions, and religious organizations.
Informal Institutions are not officially established, but are commonly accepted
throughout society like practices, standard or label of behavior. These apply to all
types of activity such as social, cultural, political, and economic. Some examples
are pamamanhikan for courtship and in arranged marriage; these informal institutions
are tied with the social norms, beliefs and practices of certain groups of people or
society.
 ACTIVITIE
Activity 1.1. Infographic Analysis
Objective: Understand the basic concepts and principles of institutionalism
Directions:
1. Analyze the infographic below about phased transition from ECQ to GCQ.
2. Relate the infographic to the concepts and idea of Institutionalism.
3. Use short bond paper for this activity.

Image retrieved from https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2020/05/13/

2013840/guidelines-out-shift-modified-ecq-nears

Guide Questions:
1. What can you say about the infographic?
2. What is the relevance of the infographic to the concepts and ideas
of institutionalism?
3. How can you relate the concepts of formal and informal constrains
with the infographic?

Activity 1.2. Public Eye

Objective: Examine the constitutive nature of formal and informal institutions
Directions:.
1. Put check in the column Okay or Not Okay about the work done by the
government and other institutions.
2. Provide your reasons in the last column.
3. Use separate sheet of paper for this activity.
 Institutional Measures and Okay Not Reason
Response to COVID 19 Okay
Pandemic
Government Bayanihan to Heal as One
Act
DSWD 8K Social Amelioration
Program (SAP)
DOLE 5K grant under COVID-19
Adjustment Measure
Program
New normal way of life
Social distancing
Wearing of face mask

Activity 1.3. Share Mo Lang (SML) (Critical Thinking, Communication)

Objective: Interpret personal and social experiences relating to constrains social
behavior.
Directions:
1. Write a reflection paper about your personal and social experience/s
concerning social distancing and home quarantine protocols.
2. Write the reflection paper on a separate sheet of paper.
Rubrics
Criteria Highest Possible
Score
Content (ideas, facts, information) 10 pts.
Organization (presentation of thoughts) 8 pts.
Grammar (correct grammar and 7 pts.
spelling)
Timeliness (submitted on time) 5 pts.
Total 30 Points

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Concept Mapping
In our lesson, you have learned that “Institutionalism” is an approach aligned
to methods and approaches in political science that has significance in society,
implied as the regulations, orders and systems. These are some of the concepts and
principles of institutionalism. In this activity you will show your understanding of the
lesson using a concept map.
Directions:
1. Complete the concept map by writing inside the small circles the ideas
or concepts about institutionalism.
2. Answer the questions that follow.
3. Use a separate sheet of paper for this activity.
 Institutionalism

Guide Questions
1. What are the concepts and principles of institutionalism?
2. How people constrained by the formal and informal institutions
3. Do you agree with the constitutional description of public office
wherein “Public service is a public trust?” Why or Why not?

REMEMBER
 Institutionalism is an approach aligned to methods and approaches in political
science that has significance in society, implied as the regulations, orders and
systems. This may relate formal constraints like regulation, or informal
constraints like practice, standard or label of behavior.
 Public Institutions are necessary organizations especially in political attribute.
Thus, in institutionalized position of political agreement with party scheme, the
regulation of elected competition, governing bureaucracies, legislative body,
judiciary system, and big institutionalized structure compose of the
governmental and the social institutions.
 Formal Institutions are officially established. The government itself is an example
and other government agencies, the national and local government laws, rules,
and regulations.
 Informal Institutions are not officially established but commonly accepted
throughout society like practices, standard or label of behavior.
 POST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. The following are some of the concepts and principles of institutions
EXCEPT one:
a. Any informal constraints like practice, standard, or label of behavior.
b. Any formal management set up to emulate behavior, function, and
regulation.
c. An approach concern with human behavior and action made based
on rational choice.
d. An approach aligned to methods and approaches in political science
that has significance in society, implied as the regulations, orders and
systems.
2. Which of the following describes formal institutions?
a. officially established
b. not officially established
c. commonly accepted in a society
d. part of practices and social norms
3. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of informal institutions?
a. officially established
b. not officially established,
c. commonly accepted in a society
d. part of practices and social norms
4. Which of the following is an example of a formal institution?
a. Arranged Marriage c. Dowry
b. Bayanihan To Heal As One Act d. Pamamanhikan
5. Which of the following is an example of an informal institution?
a. Anti-Terror Law c. Arranged Marriage
b. Anti Cyber-Bullying Act d. Bayanihan To Heal As One Act
Lesso
n The Concepts and
Principles of Feminist
2 Theory

EXPECTATION
You will analyze the basic concepts and principles of Feminist theory
Specifically, this module will help you to:
 understand the concepts and principles of feminist theory;
 analyze the relationship between gender ideology and gender inequality; and
 interpret personal and social experiences relating to feminist theory.

Let us start your journey in learning more on Feminist Theory. I am

sure you are ready and excited to answer the Pretest. Smile and
cheer up!

PRETEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. What is the primary reason of the emergence of feminist theory?
a. To promote gender ideology in the society
b. To enhance status and power of women in the society
c. To practice social equality of different social classes in the society.
d. To fight for women's right counter to the prejudice existing in the
society.
2. Which of the following states about the advocacy of the first wave of feminist
movement?
a. Emphasizes connectedness of man and women in the society.
b. Stresses social, cultural, and political inequality to women in the
society.
c. Highlights many issues associated to women such as marriage,
property rights, and right to vote.
d. Tackles issues about discrimination of women in the publication
arena and covers the facet of multiculturalism and competition.
3. Which of the following states about the advocacy of the second wave of
feminist movement?
a. Emphasizes connectedness of man and women in the society.
b. Stresses social, cultural, and political inequality to women in the
society.
 c. Highlights many issues associated to women such as marriage,
property rights, and right to vote.
d. Tackles issues about discrimination of women in the publication
arena and covers the facet of multiculturalism and competition.
4. Which of the following states about the advocacy of the third wave of
feminist movement?
a. Emphasizes connectedness of man and women in the society.
b. Stresses social, cultural, and political inequality to women in the
society.
c. Highlights many issues associated to women such as marriage,
property rights, and right to vote.
d. Tackles issues about discrimination of women in the publication
arena and covers the facet of multiculturalism and competition.
5. Which is the normative feminist view of gender ideology?
a. Masculine and feminine behaviors and social roles.
b. Women are viewed as inferior in society dominated by men.
c. Many issues associated to women such as marriage are highlighted.
d. Rights and freedoms for women and girls of all ages in the society.

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Great, you finished answering the questions. You may request your
facilitator to check your work. Congratulations and keep on learning!

Arranging Jumbled Letters

In the previous lesson you learned about the basic concepts and principles
of institutionalism. Before the discussion in the lesson 2 starts, try to answer the
following activity.
Directions: Read each sentence and rearrange the letters to reveal the
words/terms being described. Use ¼ sheet of paper for your answer.
1) L I C P U B T I O N S I N S T I T U
These are necessary organizations especially in governance.
2) N A T I O L I S M I N S T I T U
An approach aligned to methods and approaches in political science that has
significance in society, implied as the regulations, orders and systems.
3) S I C A L C L A S TI O NA LI NSTI TU R O ACHA
P P
This means traditional approach and the other term used aside from old
institutionalism.
4) L O D NATI O LIS MI NS TI TU
A theory that marks accounts of the origin and significance of political
institutions; promotes the political importance and fairness.
5) W E N N A T I O L I S M I N S T I T U
The term created by March and Olsen that paved the way for the new
perspectives on institutionalism.
 BRIEF INTRODUCTION
Feminism comprises various features associated to women’s place in the
society in terms of social, economic and political rights. These rights allow women be
involved in society like in business and politics that women get acknowledgment and
empowerment in the society. Likewise, it applies to total facets of women's privileges.
Thus, men take pleasure in all the rights given to them by the society while women
were given lesser status. With these overall explanations, feminist theory originated
and rose up the impression of inequality among men and women.
This lesson will help you understand the basic concepts and ideas of feminist
theory and determine the relationship between gender ideology and gender
inequality. Further, you will interpret personal and social experiences relating to
feminist theory.

DISCUSSION
FEMINIST THEORY
Feminism primarily is a western notion. Women’s presence is perceived over
men viewpoint. Consequently, women are measured as inferior. Women were force
to do their traditional duty like being housewives, and not given the right to education
and other legal rights. Deborah Madsen stated “Feminism stands for women status in
society and demands about gender consciousness and oppression.” The concerns of
feminist theory are the description of gender that bound and dominate women and
the basis of women’s freedom from those constraints. Feminism emanates its
existence for the fight for women's right counter to the prejudice existing in the
society. Feminism implicates two key facets of rational obligation and political
undertaking that brought justice for women and put an end to sexism in all kinds.
The first wave of feminism highlighted many issues associated to women such
as marriage, property rights, and right to vote. The two foundations linked to this are
the women's rights and women's suffrage. This contained matters such as equal salaries
for women, right to educational, right to vote and other legal rights like the institution
of marriage. It also focused on issues concerned to women like reproductive rights and
sexuality. The first wave feminism stressed equal opportunity for women in the
society. Further, the first wave of feminism granted rights to suffrage for most women
in the early 20th century. Among these feminists who founded contemporary feminism
were Elizabeth Robins, Dorothy Richardson, Katherine Mansfield and Virginia Woolf.
 The second wave of feminism began in 1960s. It stressed social, cultural, and
political inequality to women in the society. This wave in feminism revealed diverse
scopes of feminism based on women practices and stand. It comprised vigorous
involvement of women economically ahead of World War II. This period was the
beginning of women education and women involvement on civil rights and radical
issues attached to young women culture change. It made women aware of sexual
discrimination which led to resistance. Therefore, sexual liberation and reproduction
rights of women became fundamental issues.
The third wave of feminism or Post-feminism also started in the 1960s and
flourished in the 21st century. It looked into the relation of language and gender; also
tackled issues attached to discrimination of women in the publication arena and
covered the facet of multiculturalism and competition. It contested the dominating sort
of white feminism has a strong message concerning several conception of awareness
in the society. It was a protest which happened in the 1980s that lifted the issues like
class, race, culture and sexuality that explicated numerous identities of women.

TYPES OF FEMINIST MOVEMENTS

ADVOCATES ADVOCAC
Y
I. Liberal Feminism - Female education and equal opportunities.
18th to 19th Century - Political and legal equality among men and
 Mary Wollstonecraft women such as reproductive rights to women,
 John Stuart Mill voting, equal wages and health care.
 Simone De Beauvoi - Gender equality, equal rights regarding legal
matters, education and work opportunities.
A. Libertarian Feminism - Equality in property distribution between men
and women.
- Freedom for conscience and expression such
as women sexual and domestic violence.
- The right to compensation when someone
violates the rights.
B. Egalitarian - Freedom to choose personal autonomy such as,
Liberal Feminism understand their social status, acquire personal and
self-governing elements of women.
II. Socialist Feminist - Private and public aspects of women were given
focus.
- Liberation cannot be achieved unless the
economic and cultural sources of women
oppression end.
III. Anarchy - Resist patriarchy, state power, and class divisions
Feminism - The Independence of Woman: right to support
19th - 20th Cen. herself; to live for herself; to love whomever she
 Emma Goldman like
 Voltairene De. - Freedom for both sexes: freedom of action;
 Cleyre & Loucy Parson freedom in love; freedom in motherhood.
IV. Radical Feminism - Patriarchy in the society was abolished.
- The cause of all inequalities in the society is based
on gender identity, class, perceived attractiveness,
sexual orientation and ability.
- Women's liberation movement
V. Equality Feminism - Equal treatment of male and female sexes
 Mary Wollstonecraft - Women should enjoy all the legal as well as
 John Stuart Mill, political rights similar to men as they are human
 beings.
VI. Amazon Feminism - Female physical power as a means to achieve the
 goal of gender equality.
VII. - Deals with the topics like racism, colonialism and its
Postcolonial cultural, economic and political effects on the society
Feminism that explore some particular gender realities of
non- white and non-western women.
VIII. Marxist Feminism - The dismantling of capitalism as a way of
liberating women was given focus.
- Women should be given freedom to work, and
should get equal wages for their work at the
workplace.
IX. Cyber Feminism - Sets of practices that deal with feminist
1980s and 1990s. interactions and acts in cyberspace.
- Women's use of new information and
communication technologies for their upliftment.
X. Individualist Feminism - Emphasizes on the transformation of the legal
system in order to eliminate the inequality
- Freedom of an individual over the private property
on the basis of equality.
XI. Lesbian Feminism - Deals with the issues related to lesbian and
1970s and 1980s women in the society.
- Society is structured to serve heterosexual needs
 Sheila Jeffrey - Lesbians within the Women's Liberation
Movement (WLM) feminist lesbian politics, and
lesbians in the Gay Liberation Front (GLF).
XII. Separatist Feminism - Feminism enables women to take interest in
 Marilyn Frye's other women.
- Creates new space and dialogue in women's
relationship, and limits them from dealing with
men.
XIII. Eco-Feminism - Social and political movement that deals with
1974 the existence of environmentalism and
 Francoise d’ Eaubonne feminism.
- Changing the attitude of the society towards
productivity and activity of both women and
nature.
XIV. Difference Feminism - Deals with differences between the sexes such
19th century as biological, emotional, sociological or spiritual.
- Feminism that reverses gender polarity that is
 Michele M. women are superior to men.
Schumacher - Integral gender complementarity discusses that
when men and women are integrated,
XV. Black Feminism - Liberation of black women from all oppressions
1974 - Women's liberation as a strategy that unites
 Patricia Hill Collins women, men and children in which women have to
struggle against injustice because of oppression.

GENDER IDEOLOGY AND GENDER INEQUALITY

To the feminist normative view of “Gender Ideology”, conveys that women are
viewed as inferior to men in a system of society dominated by men. According to
International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences (2001) gender
ideology described as masculine and feminine behaviors, and social roles. The
normative meaning of gender ideology needs to have distinction from biological “sex”
association and behavioral “gender” orientation. These two concepts are understood
differently based on the meaning attached to it by the person.
On the other hand, “Gender Inequality” for feminism focuses on the rights and
freedoms for women and girls of all ages in the society. Feminist groups claimed that
human rights they inherent is traditional bias in favor of men and boys. The concepts of
women’s rights is not only focused on marital, parental, and religious
rights but also to enter to legal contracts, own property, right to suffrage, be educated,
hold public office, fair wages and equal work opportunities for women.

ACTIVITIES
Activity 1.1. Doodle a Word
Objective: Understand the basic concepts and principles of feminism.
Directions:
1. Doodle the word “Feminism” based on your understanding of the lesson.
2. Use short bond paper and art materials for this activity.
Rubrics

Criteria Highest Possible

Score
Creativity (artistry) 12 pts.
Content (relevance to the topic)) 8 pts.
Originality (own work) 7 pts.
Timeliness (submitted on time) 3 pts.
Total 30 Points
Activity 1.2. Compare and Contrast (Critical Thinking, Communication)
Objective: Analyze the relationship between gender ideology and gender inequality.
Directions:
1. Using the Venn diagram, analyze the relationship between gender ideology
and gender inequality.
2. Use separate sheet of paper for your answer.

Gender Ideology Gender Inequality

Guide Questions:
1. What is gender ideology?
2. What is gender inequality?
3. How can you differentiate gender ideology from gender inequality?

Activity 1.3. Editorial Cartoon Analysis (Critical Thinking,

Communication, Character) Objective:
Interpret personal and social experiences relating to feminist theory. Directions:
 1. Analyze the editorial cartoon.
2. Answer the guide questions on a separate sheet of paper.

The Philippine Star (June 11, 2020). Editorial - Opportunities for violence.
Retrieved from https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2020/06/11/2020047/
editorial-opportunities-violence

Guide Questions:
1. What can you say about the editorial cartoon?
2. What is the relevance of the picture to women?
3. How can you support and protect the rights of women in our
society?

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Open Letter

The idea of feminism is not only resides for equality and recognitions for women
in the society but equality for all the gender in our society. Even today, there still
have some issues relating to gender inequality.
Directions:
1. Write an open letter concerning gender issues in our society, which some gender
may experience like “Body shaming” or “Gender Discrimination”
2. Use short bond paper for this activity.

Rubrics

Criteria Highest Possible

Score
Content (ideas, facts, 20 pts.
information)
Convection (impact, appeal) 15 pts.
Originality (uniqueness, style) 15 pts.
Grammar (correctness, spelling) 10 pts.
 Total 60

REMEMBER
 Feminism emanates its existence for the fight for women's right counter to the
prejudice existing in the society. Feminism implicates two key facets of rational
obligation and political undertaking that brought justice for women and put an
end to sexism in all kinds.
 The first wave of feminism stresses equal opportunity for women in the
society. Further, the first wave of feminism granted rights to suffrage for most
women in the early 20th century.
 The second wave of feminism is the beginning of women education and women
involvement on civil rights and radical issues attached to young women culture
change. It made women aware of sexual discrimination which leads to
resistance.
 The third wave of feminism looked into the relation of language and gender; also
tackled issues attached to discrimination of women in the publication arena
and covered the facet of multiculturalism and competition.
 To feminist normative view of “Gender Ideology” conveys that women are
viewed as inferior to men in a system of society dominated by men.
 Gender Inequality for feminism focuses on the rights and freedoms for women
and girls of all ages in the society. Feminist groups claimed that human rights
they inherent is traditional bias in favor of men and boys.
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on a separate sheet of

POST TEST
paper.
1. The following are the reasons of the emergence of feminist movement. Which is
not included?
a. Women are measured inferior to man.
b. Women are forced to do their traditional duty.
c. Women’s perceived dominant viewpoint in terms of politics.
d. Women are not given the right to education and other legal rights.
2. Social media was flooded with different issues about gender discrimination.
What is the effect of these issues in our society?
a. harmony in our society
b. equilibrium in our society
c. class struggle in our society
d. peace and order in our society
3. All of the following values will lessen the issues and problems with regards
to gender discriminations. Which is NOT included?
a. Kindness c. Respect
b. Prejudice d. Tolerance
4. Which of the following is the greatest achievement and contribution of the
first wave feminism?
a. Women were granted rights to suffrage
b. It made women aware of sexual discrimination
c. It contested the dominating sort of white feminism has a strong
message concerning several conception of awareness in the society.
d. The beginning of women education and women involvement on civil
rights and radical issues attached to young women culture change.
5. Which wave of feminist movement is the beginning of women education and
women involvement on civil rights and radical issues attached to young women
culture change?
a. First Wave c. Third Wave
b. Second Wave d. Fourth Wave
 REFERENCES

Books
Dela Cruz, Arleigh Ross et. al. (2016). Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences.
Quezon, City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Tatel Jr., Carlos Peña (2016). Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences.
Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.

Online Sources

Boris Barkanov (2016). Institutionalism. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.

com/topic/institutionalism
Lammers and Garcia (2017). Institutional Theory. Retrieved from https://www.
researchgate.net/publication/314712184
Pasque and Wimmer (2011). An Introduction: Feminist Perspectives. Retrieved from
https://www.myacpa.org/sites/default/files/Feminist_Theoretical_Perspecti
ves_pasque_wimmer_REV.pdf
Peters, B. G. (2000). Institutional Theory: Problems and Prospects. Reihe
Politikwissenschaft / Institut für Höhere Studien, Abt. Politikwissenschaft,
69). Wien: Institut für Höhere Studien (IHS), Wien. Retrieved from
https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-246573
Schmidt, Vivien (2014). Institutionalism. Boston University. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313505827
Stephen Bell Institutionalism: Old and New. Retrieved from https://espace.library.
uq.edu.au/view/UQ:9699/Institutionalism.pdf
The Philippine Star (2020). Editorial - Opportunities for violence. Retrieved from
https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2020/06/11/2020047/editorial-
opportunities-violence
The Philippine Star (2020). Image retrieved from https://www.philstar.com/
headlines/2020/05/13/2013840/guidelines-out-shift-modified-ecq-nears
William Little . Feminist Theory Module 1: Foundations of Sociology Feminist
Theory. Retrieved from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/ alamo-
sociology/chapter/reading-feminist-theory/
Women As A Minority (2016). Sociology – Cochise College Boundless.
Retrieved from https://www.boundless.com/users/493555/textbooks/
sociology- cochise-college/gender-stratification-and-inequality-11/women-
as-a- minority-88/women-as-a-minority-507-10466/
Acknowledgements Writer: Ma. Teresa B. Berondo - MT II
Editor: Amalia C. Solis - EPS
Reviewers: Alvin V. Santos - MT II (Content) Fernando B. Halili - MT II (Language)
Management Team: Maria Magdalena M. Lim-Schools Division Superintendent-Manila, Aida H. Rondill
 REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET

Name: Grade and Section:

School: Date: Subject Teacher:

Quarter: 1st Module No.: 8 Week No.: 8

MELC: Analyze the basic concepts and principles of social science ideas
Objectives:
1. Appreciate the value of institutionalism as one of the social science ideas
2. Create a journal entry examining the constitutive nature of informal and formal
institutions constrain on social behavior with regards to the implementation of
social distancing and home quarantine protocols during COVID-19
pandemic.
Topic: Institutionalism

Journal Entry

Directions: Create a journal entry examining the constitutive nature of informal and
formal institutions and their actors and how it constrains social behavior with regards to
the implementation of social distancing and home quarantine protocols during COVID-19
Pandemic. Write your journal entry on a separate sheet of paper. You may read news
articles or surf the internet about COVID-19 specifically on social distancing and home
quarantine protocols in the Philippines.

Criteria for the written output:

Content (in-depth and comprehensive) - 15 points
Organization (presentation of thought) - 10 points
Conventions (grammar, spelling) - 5 points
Total: 30 points
 REFLECTIVE LEARNING
Name: Grade and Section:
School: Date: Subject Teacher:

Quarter: 1st Module No.: 8 Week No.: 8

MELC: Analyze the basic concepts and principles of social science ideas
Objectives:
1. Give value on feminist theory as one of the social science ideas
2. Create a journal entry applying the basic concepts and principles of feminist
theory in gender ideology awareness and promoting social equality in this
time of crisis brought by COVID-19 pandemic.

Topic: Feminist Theory

Journal Entry

Directions: Create a journal entry applying the basic concepts and principles of
feminist theory in gender ideology awareness and promoting social equality in this
time of crisis brought by COVID-19 pandemic. Write your journal entry on a separate
sheet of paper. You may read news articles or surf the internet about the COVID-19
crisis in the Philippines.

Criteria for the written output:

Content (in-depth and comprehensive) - 15 points
Organization (presentation of thought) - 10 points
Conventions (grammar, spelling) - 5 points
Total: 30 points