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K01 Group 5
K01 Group 5
REPORT
NO NAME ID
1. SAEED ADEL SAEED BIN AWON KA16265
2. ABDULAZIZ SALEH HUSSEIN BIN GHARAMAH KA17242
3. SARMESWARI A/P GUNASEGARAN KA19073
4. SHIVANIE A/P A.JAYAKANTHAN KA19071
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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1.1 INTRODUCTION
Typical route of producing propylene is from the refinery catalytic cracking process
used to make gasoline and also steam cracking process used to make ethylene (Shell
Chemicals, 2017). In refinery production, propylene is formed as a by-product of catalytic
cracking of gas oils. In steam cracking, a mixed stream of hydrocarbons ranging from
ethane to gas oils is pyrolyzed with steam. The product can be changed to optimize the
production of ethylene, propylene, or other alkenes by altering feedstock, temperature, and
other parameters. Propylene can also be obtained by the catalytic dehydrogenation of
propane in which the propane value is low and derivatives are limited.
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Propylene is volatile, colourless, and has an odour similar to garlic. At low
concentrations, it forms an explosive and flammable mixture with air, while at high
concentrations it can cause asphyxiation and skin burns. Propylene is shipped as a liquefied
gas under its own vapor pressure. Table 1.1 shows the physical and chemical properties of
propylene.
Colour - Colourless
Viscosity μp 83.4
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1.2 OBJECTIVE
As a process engineer at a petrochemical company, we will perform an evaluation
task to produce 50,000 metric ton per annum (MTA) of isopropyl alcohol with 99.8%
purity.
The bottom product of column (T-101) which consists of water, isopropyl alcohol,
and diisopropyl ether is fed to distillation column (T-103) for further separation. The main
function of distillation column is to separate isopropyl alcohol – water mixture. In
distillation column (T-103), the distillate products are isopropyl alcohol and small amount
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of diisopropyl ether. Isopropyl alcohol with a purity of 99.8% then will be discharged to
the storage tank. The bottom product of distillation column (T-103) consists of waste water.
The main reaction is shown in Equation 1.1, where propylene reacts directly with
water to produce isopropyl alcohol. There will be byproduct which is diisopropyl ether
(DIPE). It will be formed by the reaction as shown in Equation 1.2. Typical operating
conditions for the process vary from 80 to 120 atm and from 130 to 180°C. The optimal
production of isopropyl alcohol is achieved at 160°C and 80 atm. The raw material of
propylene can be converted at a high conversion rate of at least 80%. This can be done by
selecting the reaction conditions adequately in the process of liquid phase using a solid
catalyst. However, high selectivity of isopropyl alcohol (from 95 to 99%) can only be
achieved by controlling by-product of isopropyl ether during the reaction. For this purpose,
typical processes require at least ten times in mole as much water as that of the raw material
propylene to supplied into an inlet of the reactor (Dutia, 2012).
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2.0 PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM (PFD)
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1
12
10
1
T-102 9
1
25 20 160 160
1 1 1 80
11 13
17 1 2 3
Waste of propane
C-101 160 170 170 20
H-101 80 80 1 1
Propylene 90
Propane M-101 8 1
6 7 9 10
15
160
80
VLV-101 80
H-103 1
25 160 M-102 T-101 isopropyl alcohol
1 1 R-101 14
4 5
water 120
H-102 1
P-101
16
wastewater
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2.1 Auxiliary Equipment
Equipment design for this chapter included all equipment in the plant. There is a
total of 12 equipment which are reactor, distillation column, mixer, pump, compressor,
valve, and heat exchanger. Table 2.1 shows the total quantity of each identical equipment.
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3.0 MATERIAL BALANCE
There are some basic assumptions had been made for material balance calculations:
= 104.01 mol/h
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3.1 Reactor (R-101)
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9
3.2 Distillation Column (T-101)
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11
3.3 Distillation Column (T-102)
12
13
3.4 Distillation Column (T-103)
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3.5 Mixer (M-101)
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4.0 Energy Balance
In this section, Table 4.1 shows the boiling point for each species. Table 4.2
shows the heat capacities constant for each species.
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4.1 Reactor (R-101)
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18
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4.2 Distillation Column (T-101)
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21
22
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4.3 Distillation Column (T-102)
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25
26
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4.4 Distillation Column (T-103)
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4.5 Heat Exchanger (H-101)
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4.6 Heat Exchanger (H-102)
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4.7 Cooler (H-103)
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35
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4.8 Pump (P-101)
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4.9 Compressor (C-101)
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5.0 CONCLUSION
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6.0 REFERENCES
Eisele, P. & Killpack, R. (1993) Propene. In: Elvers, B., Hawkins, S., Russey, W. & Schulz,
G., eds, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th rev. ed., Vol. A22, New York,
VCH Publishers, pp. 211–222.
Dutia, P. (2012). Isopropyl alcohol: a techno-commercial profile, Chem. Week. 211– 216.
Retrieved from www.chemicalweekly.com/Profiles/Isopropyl_ Alcohol.pdf
Felder. R., and Rousseau, W. R. (2016). Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes. 4th
Ed.
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