Inquries, Investigation, and Immersion Q1 Examination
Inquries, Investigation, and Immersion Q1 Examination
EXAMINATION
Introduction
Inquiries – act of asking information
Seeking or requesting for truth, info, or truth
Investigations – action of investigating something or someone
Observe or study by close/formal examination & systematic inquiry
Immersion – instruction based on extensive exposure to surroundings
Research – study or investigation, purpose is to achieve knowledge & helping solve situational
problems
CHARACTERISTICS OF A RESEARCH PROCESS
1. Systematic – well defined designs, orderly procedure
2. Empirical – measurable & observable things or phenomenon
3. Scientific – can be tested
4. Logical – justifiable & acceptable by reason
PURPOSE OF RESEARCH
1. Discover new knowledge
2. Help solve situational problems
Inquiry
Quest for truth, info, or knowledge through questioning
THINGS TO CONSIDER IN CHOOSING AN AREA TOPIC FOR RESEARCH
1. Identify a research area based on your interest and need – must be related to ur strand
2. Have some knowledge of the area of study and experience – must have a little
background on the topic
3. Narrow the area sufficiently so that it’s not too broad nor to narrow – focus on the
certain variable u want to work on
4. Identify an area in which you can get easily – make sure u can easily manipulate all the
data & variables
BASIC CRITERIA IN CHOOSING TOPIC
1. Interest in the topic – be interested to ur topic & must be interesting for the readers
2. Availability of data – must have lots of resources to support ur research paper
3. Ability to handle – ur responsible to take control on ur research
4. Relevance of the topic – relevant, timely, & significant
PARTS OF RESEARCH PAPER
CHAPTER 1 – problem & its background
Overview for the readers to know what is your research about
Serves as a guide
1. Background of the study – purpose & reason behind the conduct of the study,
introduction
2. Statement of the problem – main problem that u are trying to solve, follows formulation
of the title & should be faithful to it
3. Significance of the study – who will benefit from the research & how they will be
benefitted, match with recommendations
4. Assumption of the study – expected outcome of the research
5. Scope & limitations of the study – coverage of the study & all things that it will not
cover
6. Definition of terms – defines technical terms, aims to provide the readers or future
researchers w/ the basic terminologies that are important to understand the paper
CHAPTER 2 – review of related literature
Where u will use ur note cards
Serve as the foundation of research
Own work & should not directly lift words from other sources
Summarizing, paraphrasing & writing indirect speeches
STEPS:
1. Organize your note cards on how you would want them to appear
2. Begin writing the chapter while including the surnames of authors
3. Edit. Rewrite
PLAGIARISM
using others' ideas and words without clearly acknowledging the source of that
information
can be intentional or unintentional
HOW TO AVOID?
BOOLEAN LOGIC
Using And - when u use AND u will be looking for articles containing 2 or more words within
each article
combines search terms so that each search result contains all of the terms
use when u are searching for concepts and want to be more specific in your research
articles that have the same result
always accompanied with the word “both"
contains all search terms
Ex. Travel and Europe finds articles that contain both travel and Europe
Ex. Employee and motivation would retrieve articles with both words in article
Using OR - u will be looking for articles containing either one word or the other word
Using NOT - u will be looking for one term but not the other
exclude terms so that each search result does not contain any of the terms that follow it
Ex. Television not cable finds results that contain television but not cable
Ex. You might search for broadband not wireless
disregarding the least important
we will know what is the least important after the word “not"
result do not contain the specified terms
LITERATURE REVIEW
Plays vital role in doing research
Account of what has been published by previews researchers/investigators
Systematic, explicit, & reproducible method for identifying (Fink)
PURPOSE
Avoid duplication
1. Provide overview of what is known about the topic & assess the strength of the evidence
2. Helps to distinguish what researchers have been made & identify area that need further
research
CHARACTERISTICS:
Must be relevant
Must be recent as possible (atleast 10 years)
FUNCTIONS OF A RRL:
1. Provides justification of the proposed project & enables researchers to define the
boundaries (credibility)
2. Prevents duplication of previous study
SOURCES:
Publish or General materials – published works like scholarly journals, laws, books
Grey literature – not yet published, available in internet, pdf form like working papers,
seminars, manuscripts.
RESEARCH DESIGN
- Refers to the framework of market research methods and techniques that are chosen by a
researcher.
- The design that is chosen by the researchers allow them to utilize the methods that are
suitable for the study and to set up their studies successfully in the future as well.
What is the difference between Research Design and Approach?
Research Design
- Is the overall framework, or outline, or structure of a research proposal.
- Demonstrates how your selected research design or method is applied to tackle a specific
research question
Research Approach
- Incorporates various tools, techniques, procedures, or processes utilized to collect or
review data or information.
- Utilizes different methods to answer different research questions.
Types of Quantitative Research Designs
o Experimental Research Design – this allows the research to control the situation. In doing
so, it allows the researcher to answer the question. “What causes something to occur?”
A. Pre- experimental Design – a type of research applies to experimental design that
with least internal validity. One type of pre-experiment, the simple group, pretest-
post-test design, measures the group two times, before and after the intervention.
B. Quasi-experimental Design – in this design, the researcher can collect more data,
either by scheduling more observations or finding more existing measures. It involves
selecting groups, upon which a variable is tested, without any random pre-selection
processes.
a. Non -Equivalent Control Group – refers to the chance failure of random
assignment to equalize the conditions by converting a true experiment into
this kind of design, for purpose of analysis.
b. Interrupted Time Series Design – it employs multiple measures before and
after the experimental intervention. It differs from the single group pre-
experiment that has only one protest and one post-test.
C. True-experimental Design – it controls for both time-related and group-related
threats. Two features mark true experiments: two or more differently treated groups
and random assignment to these groups. These features require that the researchers
have control over the experimental treatment and the power to place subjects in
groups.
o Non-Experimental Research Design – In this kind of design, the researcher observes the
phenomena as they occur naturally, and no external variables are introduced. In this research
design, the variables are nit deliberately manipulated nor is the setting controlled.
o Descriptive Research Design – main purpose is to observe, describe and document aspects
of a situation as it naturally occurs and sometimes to serve as a staring point for hypothesis
generation or theory development.
o Surveys – it is used to gather information form groups of people by selecting and studying
samples chosen from a population.
o Correlational – it is conducted by researchers whose aim would be to find out the direction,
associations and/or relationship between different variables or groups of respondents under
study.
o Bivariate Correlational Studies – it obtains score from two variables for each subject, and
then uses them to calculate a correlation coefficient.
o Prediction Studies- it uses correlation coefficient to show how one variable (the predictor
variable) predicts another (the criterion variable).
o Multiple Regression Prediction Studies – all variables in the study can contribute to the
over-all prediction in an equation that adds together the predictive power of each identified
variable.
o Ex-post Facto – Casual Comparative – it is conducted by researcher whose aim would be
to find out the direction, associations and/or relationship between different variables or
groups of respondents under study.
o Comparative – it involves comparing and contrasting two or more samples of study subjects
on one or more variables, often at a single point of time.
o Normative – it describes the norm level if characteristics for a given behavior.
o Evaluative – it is process used to determine what has happened during a given activity or in
an institution.
o Methodological – in this approach, the implementation of a variety of methodologies forms
a critical part of achieving the goal of developing a scale matched approach, where data from
different disciplines can be integrated.