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FIRE MATRIX
• Fire Protection component:
FIRE
PROTECTION
COMPONENT
FIRE MATRIX
• Fire Protection component:
Fire rated wall Fire detection & alarm system
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE TRIANGLE
FUEL Heat 0C
TO
EXTINGUISH
FIRE
Water based
Gas systems Foam system
system Why?
FIRE MATRIX
• Fire extinguishment methods cont. :
Why we use water as extinguishing agent:
FIRE MATRIX
• Some definitions used in fire codes :
Item Definition
UL Under writers laboratories.
FM Factory Mutual research.
Shall Indicates a mandatory requirement .
Should Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but not
required.
Approved Acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.
Authority Having An organization , office, or individual responsible for enforcing the
Jurisdiction (AHJ). requirements of a code or standard, or for approving equipment,
materials, an installation, or a procedure.
FIRE MATRIX
• Some definitions used in fire codes :
Common approvals :
Factory Mutual research Under writers laboratories
American
approvals
European
approvals
FIRE MATRIX
• Classifying Fires
*North
Type of Fire Australia European
America
Fires that involve flammable solids such as wood, cloth, rubber, paper, and
Class A Class A Class A
some types of plastics.
Fires that involve flammable liquids or liquefiable solids such as
Class B Class B
petrol/gasoline, oil, paint, some waxes & plastics, but not cooking fats or oils
Class B
Fires that involve flammable gases, such as natural gas, hydrogen, propane,
Class C Class C
butane
(Class E)
Fires that involve any of the materials found in Class A and B fires, but with the now no
introduction of an electrical appliances, wiring, or other electrically energized longer in
Class E1 Class C
objects in the vicinity of the fire, with a resultant electrical shock risk if a the
conductive agent is used to control the fire. European
standards
Fires involving cooking fats and oils. The high temperature of the oils when on
fire far exceeds that of other flammable liquids making normal extinguishing Class F Class F Class K
agents ineffective.
2. BRITISH CODE :
-Fire offices committee (FOC)
-British standard (BS)
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS
FIRE MATRIX
• Course Contents:
FIRE FIGHTING
SYSTEMS
AUTOMATIC MANUAL
DELUGE MEDIUM
WET INERT gases CLASS II
SYSTEM EXPANSION
WATER HIGH
DRY CLASS III
CURTAIN EXPANSION
FIRE MATRIX
• Course objectives :
1) Good knowledge about fire fighting systems.
2) Full design for water based systems.
a) Sprinklered system (dry –wet – preaction-deluge).
b) Water curtain system.
c) Foam systems.
d) Water spray systems. Advanced
e) Water mist systems.
f) Standpipe systems.
g) Fire hydrant.
h) Monitors.
3) Full design for gas based systems.
a) Clean agent system (inert gas-halocarbon).
b) CO2 system.
c) Aerosol system.
4) Fire extinguishers.
FIRE MATRIX
• Course objectives cont. :
5) Selection of proper fire protection system for different application.
FIRE MATRIX
• MAIN SYSTEM COMPONENTS :
A) Reliable water source & pumps
B) Piping network
C) Initiation and control equipment
D) Discharge devices
FIRE MATRIX
• A) Reliable water source & pumps
Ground tank Elevated tanks (gravity tanks)
FIRE MATRIX
• B) PIPING NETWORK
Fire protection pipes Fire protection fittings
FIRE MATRIX
• C) Initiation & Control Equipment
Valves in Pump Room. Alarm Check Valve
FIRE MATRIX
• C) Initiation & Control Equipment
Supervisory Switches Pressure Reducing Valves
FIRE MATRIX
• D) DISCHARGE DEVICES
Sprinklers, Nozzles Hose valves, Hydrants
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE MATRIX
• *Classifying OCCUPANCIES
A) Light hazard
B) Ordinary hazard (group 1)
C) Ordinary hazard (group 2)
D) Extra hazard (group 1)
E) Extra hazard (group 2)
A. Thermal sensitivity
B. Temperature rating
C. K-factor
D. Installation orientation
E. Special service conditions
Q=K√P
Q : flow in GPM
P : pressure in psi
FIRE MATRIX
• D- sprinkler orientation
Pendent sprinkler Upright sprinkler
Sidewall sprinkler
FIRE MATRIX
• D- sprinkler orientation
Pendent sprinkler installation types
FIRE MATRIX
• E- special service condition
Corrosion resistant sprinkler Dry sprinkler
FIRE MATRIX
• E- special service condition cont. :
Decorative sprinkler Pilot line detector
FIRE MATRIX
• Other sprinkler types (design , performance)
Control mode specific application Early suppression fast
sprinkler (CMSA) (large drop) response sprinkler (ESFR)
FIRE MATRIX
• Other sprinkler types cont.
Residential sprinkler Open head sprinkler
FIRE MATRIX
• Get sprinkler data from deflector
Standard spray
sprinkler pendent
FIRE MATRIX
• Stock of Spare sprinklers
No. of sprinklers in system No. of spare sprinklers
< 300 6
≥ 300 & < 1000 12
> 1000 24
A. Pipe materials
I. Aboveground (common: seamless black steel sch.40 – galvanized steel)
II. Underground (common: HDPE - ductile iron)
FIRE MATRIX
I. Aboveground
pipes Fitting
90cm 80cm
120cm
FIRE MATRIX
• C. Joining methods cont. :
Remarks :
Threaded joints (a) :
I. Thread joining permitted for schedule 40 for sizes less than 8 in.
II. Thread joining permitted for schedule 30 for sizes 8 in. and larger.
FIRE MATRIX
• D. Hangers cont. (Trapeze)
FIRE MATRIX
• SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
1) Wet system cont.
FIRE MATRIX
• SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
2) Dry system cont.
• Generally used wherever there is danger of the water in the pipes freezing.
(where temperature reaches below 40 0F (4.4 0C) )
• The air supply shall have capacity of restoring normal air pressure in the
system within 30 minutes.
FIRE MATRIX
• SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
3) Preaction system cont.
FIRE MATRIX
• SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
4) Deluge system cont.
• When this valve opens water flow into piping system and discharges from
all sprinkler attached there.
• Areas where fast fires anticipated and the intent is to quickly discharge a
lot of water like transformers , aircraft hangars , flammable liquid use and
storage areas … etc.
• Combined dry pipe and preaction systems are not as common as they were
several decades ago. Such systems are intended to be applied to unusual
structures, such as piers or wharves, which require unusually long runs of
pipe.
• For hospital we don’t use sprinkler in clothes closets don’t exceed 0.55 m2.
FIRE MATRIX
• SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
7) Water curtain cont. :
• Find building severity :
FIRE MATRIX
Refer to NFPA 80A-2001ed-sec 4.3
• SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
7) Water curtain cont. :
• Find building width & height & opening percentage
FIRE MATRIX
Refer to NFPA 80A-2001ed-sec 4.3
• SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
7) Water curtain :
• Find application rate
FIRE MATRIX
Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 23.7.1
• SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
7) Water curtain :
• Nozzle distribution and calculate flow rate
• Flow rate (1) (gpm) =zone (1) application rate X zone (1) area
• Flow rate (2) (gpm) =zone (2) application rate X zone (2) area
• Flow rate (3) (gpm) =zone (3) application rate X zone (3) area
• Total flow = flow rate (1+2+3)
Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 23.7.1
FIRE MATRIX
• SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
7) Water curtain cont. :
• If building to building less than calculated fire protection shall be provide.
• Nozzles spaced not more than 2.44 m.
• Water curtain piping connected to deluge or manual operating system.
• Minimum residual pressure is 0.5 bar.
• The water supply shall be capable of simultaneously supplying the total
demand of sprinklers along an exposure to a maximum length of 300 ft
(91.4 m) with duration 60 min.
FIRE MATRIX
• SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
8) Commercial kitchens cont. :
Wet chemical system for hoods
FIRE MATRIX
• E. valves
Classification :
Flow control valves Flow control valves
OS&Y gate valve Zone control station
Butterfly valve Backflow prevention valves
Post indicator valve Drain valve
Sectional valve Test valve
Fire department connection
dry valve Pressure control valves
Wet alarm valve
Relief valve
Deluge valve
Pressure reducing valve (PRV)
Preaction valve
Accelerator
Check valve
FIRE MATRIX
• E. valves
A. OS&Y gate valve
Remarks :
I. when working pressure > 12.1 bar
extra heavy valves must be used.
FIRE MATRIX
• E. valves
B. Butterfly valve
Remarks :
I. valve may be with hand lever so the
space for operation need to be
checked.
FIRE MATRIX
• E. valves
C. Post indicator valve (PIV)
Remarks :
I. when working pressure > 12.1 bar
extra heavy valves must be used.
FIRE MATRIX
• E. valves
D. sectional valve
Large private fire service main systems shall have sectional controlling valves
at appropriate points in order to permit sectionalizing the system in the event
of a break or for the making of repairs or extensions.
Remarks :
X= 457 – 1219 mm
FIRE MATRIX
• E. valves
G. wet alarm check valve
Remarks :
Located at the pump room.
One alarm check for all
building risers.
Have two devices for alarm
a.Water motor with gong.
b.Pressure switch.
FIRE MATRIX
• E. valves
H. Deluge valve
FIRE MATRIX
• E. valves
I. Preaction valve
FIRE MATRIX
• E. valves
J. Accelerator
Remarks :
FIRE MATRIX
• E. valves
K. Zone control station
Remarks :
I. Multistory buildings exceeding two stories in height shall be provided with
a zone control station on each floor level.
II. Zone control station shall not be required where sprinklers on the top level
of a multistory building are supplied by piping on the floor below.
III. Zone control station shall not be required where the total area of all floors
combined does not exceed the system protection area limitations.
Remarks :
Remarks :
FIRE MATRIX
Installation REQUIREMENTS
FIRE MATRIX
A. Standard sprinkler
FIRE MATRIX
• Installation REQUIREMENTS :
A. Standard upright & pendant sprinkler coverage
Maximum distance ft 15 15 12
between sprinkler m 4.6 4.6 3.7
Minimum distance ft 6 6 6
between sprinkler m 1.8 1.8 1.8
Remarks :
L=room length
W=room width
X = distance between sprinkler , wall.
2X = distance between sprinklers.
Y = distance between deflector , ceiling
X ≥ 4 in.
For upright sprinklers :
For unobstructed ceiling 1 in. < Y < 12 in.
Small room exhibition limited to light hazard and have area ≤ 74.3m2 and wall opening
width doesn’t exceed 2.4m for each.
Remarks :
ceiling Sprinklers shall be installed under
fixed obstructions over 4 ft (1.2 m)
wide, such as ducts, decks, open
grate flooring, cutting tables, and
Duct overhead doors.
The sprinkler system shall extend at least 24 ft (7.2 m) into the space
above the ceiling.
FIRE MATRIX Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.7.15.22.3
• Installation REQUIREMENTS :
A. Standard Sidewall sprinkler coverage
Light hazard Ordinary hazard
Noncombustible Noncombustible
Combustible
Combustible or limited or limited
Unit ceiling finish
ceiling finish combustible combustible
ceiling finish ceiling finish
Max. distance ft 14 14 10 10
along the wall m 4.3 4.3 3 3
Max. room ft 12 14 10 10
width m 3.7 4.3 3 3
ft2 120 196 80 100
Max. protection
area m2 11.2 18.2 7.4 9.3
Remarks :
L=room length
W=room width
X = distance between sprinkler , wall.
2X = distance between sprinklers.
H = distance between deflector , ceiling
X ≥ 4 in.
For sidewall sprinklers :
4 in. < H < 6 in.
Otherwise listed for > 6in.
Minimum distance between sprinklers
is 1.8 m to avoid intercooling.
FIRE MATRIX
• Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
B. CMSA upright & pendant sprinkler
ft2 m2 ft m
Noncombustible unobstructed 130 12.1 12 3.7
Noncombustible obstructed 130 12.1 12 3.7
combustible unobstructed 130 12.1 12 3.7
combustible obstructed 100 9.3 10 3.1
Rackstorage combustible obstructed 100 9.3 10 3.1
Rackstorage combustible
100 9.3 12 3.7
unobstructed , noncombustible
COMMON
Remarks :
L=room length
W=room width
X = distance between sprinkler , wall.
2X = distance between sprinklers.
Y = distance between deflector , ceiling
X ≥ 4 in.
For upright sprinklers :
For Unobstructed ceiling … 6 in. < Y < 8 in.
Minimum distance between sprinklers
is 2.4 m to avoid intercooling.
Minimum distance between deflector and
storage is 36in.
FIRE MATRIX Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.11.3
Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.11.4
• Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
B. CMSA upright & pendant sprinkler
For obstructed ceiling
Option - 1 Option - 2
6in to
12in.
Max.
22in.
A ≤ 24in.
FIRE MATRIX
• Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
C. ESFR upright & pendant sprinkler
ft2 m2 ft m ft2 m2 ft m
100 9.3 12 3.7 100 9.3 10 3.1
Remarks :
L=room length
W=room width
X = distance between sprinkler , wall.
2X = distance between sprinklers.
Y = distance between deflector , ceiling
X ≥ 4 in.
For upright sprinklers :
obstructed ceiling ……. 3 in. < Y < 12 in.
Minimum distance between sprinklers
is 2.4 m to avoid intercooling.
Minimum distance between deflector and
storage is 36in.
FIRE MATRIX Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.12.3.3
Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.12.3.4.1
• Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
C. ESFR upright & pendant sprinkler
For obstructed ceiling
FIRE MATRIX
• Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
D. Extended coverage upright & pendant sprinkler coverage
ft2 m2 ft m ft2 m2 ft m
400 37.2 20 6.1 196 18.2 14 4.3
ft2 m2 ft m ft2 m2 ft m
196 18.2 14 4.3 196 18.2 14 4.3
Option - 3
8.8.5.2
Remarks :
ceiling Sprinklers shall be installed under
fixed obstructions over 4 ft (1.2 m)
wide, such as ducts, decks, open
grate flooring, cutting tables, and
Duct overhead doors.
FIRE MATRIX
• Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
E. RESIDENTIAL SPRINKLER upright & pendent sprinkler
Specification Value
Protection area According to manufacturer
Maximum spacing According to manufacturer
Minimum spacing 2.44 m
FIRE MATRIX
• Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
F. Dry sprinkler
FIRE MATRIX
• Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
G. Pilot sprinkler
Item Outdoor Indoor
Maximum horizontal spacing 2.5m 3.7m
Maximum vertical spacing 5.2m ------
Maximum distance below ceiling ------ 0.56m
FIRE MATRIX
• Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
Return bend
Remarks :
(Max. 4in.)
FIRE MATRIX
• Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
Escalator Draft stop sprinkler
FIRE MATRIX
• Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
Library Stack Areas and Medical Record Storage cont.
Remarks :
FIRE MATRIX
• Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
Sprinklers & fans.
I. Fan up to 1.5m diameter :
Sprinklers shall be permitted to be placed without regard to the blades of ceiling
fans less than 60 in. (1.5 m) in diameter.
FIRE MATRIX
• Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
Sprinklers & fans.
II. High volume low speed fan (HVLS) cont. :
FIRE MATRIX
PIPE SIZING
FIRE MATRIX
A. PIPE SCHEDULES
FIRE MATRIX
• Pipe schedules :
1) LIGHT HAZARD:
Light hazard Light hazard above and below ceiling
Steel Copper Steel Copper
Pipe No. of No. of
size (in) sprinklers sprinklers Pipe No. of No. of
size (in) sprinklers sprinklers
1 in. 2 2
1 in. 2 2
1 ¼ in. 3 3
1 ¼ in. 4 3
1 ½ in. 5 5
1 ½ in. 7 5
2 in. 10 12
2 in. 15 18
2 ½ in. 30 40
2 ½ in. 50 65
3 in. 60 65
3 ½ in. 100 115
4 in. ------ ------ Max. 30sp above or below
FIRE MATRIX Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-table23.5.2.2.1
Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-table23.5.2.4
• Pipe schedules :
Remarks :
I. Maximum no of sprinkler per branch is 8 sprinklers.
II. No of sprinkler per branch may be increased to 9 sprinklers by making
the two end lengths 1 in. and 1 1/4 in. respectively, and the sizes
thereafter standard.
III. Ten sprinklers shall be permitted to be placed on a branch line, making
the two end lengths 1 in. and 1 1/4 in. respectively, and feeding the tenth
sprinkler by a 2 ½ in. pipe.
IV. For light hazard if sprinkler No. exceeding 100 sprinklers sizing then
according to ordinary hazard.
V. For above & below ceiling if sprinklers exceed 50 then sizing is increased
to 3 in. then according to standard schedule for the number of sprinklers
above or below a ceiling, whichever is larger.
VI. For above and below ceiling max .No of sprinklers is 8 for above and 8
for below ceiling.
No. of sprinklers – greater than 3.7m ordinary hazard above and below ceiling
separation (branches or sprinklers)
Steel Copper
Steel Copper
Pipe No. of No. of
Pipe No. of No. of size (in) sprinklers sprinklers
size (in) sprinklers sprinklers
1 in. 2 2
2 ½ in. 15 20
1 ¼ in. 4 4
3 in. 30 35 1 ½ in. 7 7
3 ½ in. 60 65 2 in. 15 18
2 ½ in. 30 40
Max. 40sp above or below 3 in. 60 65
(separation ≤ 3.7)
FIRE MATRIX Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-table23.5.3.5
Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-table23.5.3.7
• Pipe schedules :
Remarks :
I. Maximum no of sprinkler per branch is 8 sprinklers.
II. No of sprinkler per branch may be increased to 9 sprinklers by
making the two end lengths 1 in. and 1 1/4 in. respectively, and
the sizes thereafter standard.
III. Ten sprinklers shall be permitted to be placed on a branch line,
making the two end lengths 1 in. and 1 1/4 in. respectively, and
feeding the tenth sprinkler by a 2 ½ in. pipe.
IV. For above & below ceiling if sprinklers exceed 60 then sizing is
increased to 4 in. then according to standard schedule for the
number of sprinklers above or below a ceiling whichever is larger.
V. For above and below ceiling max .No of sprinklers is 8 for above
and 8 for below ceiling.
As built (after
construction).
FIRE MATRIX
• Project Design Procedure:
1. Find NFPA 101 or NFPA 5000 fire extinguishment requirements for your
building (with respect to local codes or AHJ).
2. Determination the building hazard .
3. Locating non sprinklered spaces. (ex. Rooms need gas systems) then calculate
gas volume required for extinguishment.
4. Distribution for sprinklers according to hazard requirement .
5. Determination No. of risers and standpipe needed for sprinklers and FHCs.
6. Pipe routing .
7. Pipe sizing by pipe schedule according to material and hazard.
8. Locating the design area (most demand flow and pressure) .
9. Hydraulic calculation for pump sizing .
10. Pump selection .
11. Tank capacity calculation .
12. Pump room design .
13. If there is room need foam system (ex. Generator room) calculate foam
concentrate quantity.
14. Fire extinguisher distribution.
FIRE MATRIX
B. Hydraulic calculation
FIRE MATRIX
• Hydraulic calculations :
Calculation steps :
1. Identification of Hazard.
2. Determination No. of system main control valve.
3. Determination air supply specification for dry and preaction systems.
4. Determination of Max. Area of Operation (design area)
5. Determination of Discharge Density.
6. Estimation of Sprinklers Flow rate.
7. Determination of Hose Stream Allowance.
8. Calculation of Pump Flow rate.
9. Calculation of Pump Head.
10. Tank Sizing.
FIRE MATRIX
• Hydraulic calculations :
1. Identifying building hazard
A) Light hazard
B) Ordinary hazard (group 1)
C) Ordinary hazard (group 2)
D) Extra hazard (group 1)
E) Extra hazard (group 2)
FIRE MATRIX
Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-chart11.2.3.1
• Hydraulic calculations :
2. Determination No. of system main control valve (cont’d)
FIRE MATRIX
Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-table 7.2.3.6.1
• Hydraulic calculations :
2. Determination No. of system main control valve (cont’d)
FIRE MATRIX
Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-table A-7.2.3
• Hydraulic calculations :
3. Determination air supply specification for dry and preaction
systems.
FIRE MATRIX
Refer to viking design data catalogue
• Hydraulic calculations :
3. Determination air supply specification for dry and preaction
systems (cont’d).
4. Calculate compressor flow or nitrogen cylinder volume
FIRE MATRIX
Refer to viking design data catalogue
• Hydraulic calculations :
4. Determination of Max. Area of Operation (design area)
a) For wet pipe system
unit Light hazard Ordinary hazard Extra hazard
f) For ESFR hydraulic calculation based on area include most remote 12 sp.
FIRE MATRIX
Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-chart11.2.3.1
• Hydraulic calculations :
4. Determination of Max. Area of Operation (design area) (cont’d)
a) For wet pipe system (cont’d)
FIRE MATRIX
Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-A23.4.4
• Hydraulic calculations :
4. Determination of Max. Area of Operation (cont’d).
FIRE MATRIX
Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-chart11.2.3.1
• Hydraulic calculations :
6. Estimation of Sprinklers Flow rate
Method #1 : Q1 = density (gpm/ft²) X Area of Operation (ft²)
Method #2 : Q2 = flow per sprinkler X No. of design sprinklers
No. of design sprinklers = Design Area/Area per Sp. If the fire system
Flow per Sprinkler = k √P connected to city
main or private
7. Hose stream allowance & duration fire hydrant
According to NFPA 13 :
+ =
FIRE MATRIX
• Hydraulic calculations :
9. Calculation of pump head
FIRE MATRIX
Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-table11.2.2.1
• Hydraulic calculations :
9. Calculation of pump head (CONT’D)
pump head = Static Head + Residual Head + Friction Losses.
Losses
+
FIRE MATRIX
Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-table11.2.2.1
• Hydraulic calculations :
10. Tank sizing
TANK = x
• Calculations Summary:
Need Isometric
Calculation DWG
Manual Hydraulic
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
Storage fire protection codes :
Code Title
NFPA 13 Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems
NFPA 30 Flammable and combustible liquids
FM-Global Mutual insurance company
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
To design storage fire protection system you should answer the
following questions :
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
To design storage fire protection system you should answer the
following questions :
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
To design storage fire protection system you should answer the
following questions :
2) What is the type of packaging ?
a. Cartoned b. Wooden box or crates c. Shrink wrapped
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
To design storage fire protection system you should answer the
following questions :
3) What is the storage method ?
a. Palletized b. Bin box c. Solid pilled
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
To design storage fire protection system you should answer the
following questions :
3) What is the storage method ?
d. Shelf e. Back to back shelf f. Racks
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
To design storage fire protection system you should answer the
following questions :
3) What is the storage method ?
A. Shelf B. Racks
A: Shelf depth
B: Shelf height
E: storage height
F: commodity
H: rack depth
L: longitudinal flue space
T: transverse flue space
FIRE MATRIX
Refer to NFPA 13-2016ed-secA.3.9.3.7
Storage sprinkler protection system:
To design storage fire protection system you should answer the
following questions :
3) What is the storage method ? (For Tires)
FIRE MATRIX
Refer to NFPA 13-2016ed-secA.3.9.4
Storage sprinkler protection system:
To design storage fire protection system you should answer the
following questions :
3) What is the storage method ? (For Rolled Paper)
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
Commodity classification:
Commodity = Product + packaging
Class I,II,III,IV
Plastic
Rolled Paper
Tires
Idle Pallets
Carton Records
Balled Cotton
Flammable liquids
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
Commodity classification:
Class III :
• Those plastics that fall out of their containers during a fire, fill flue
spaces, and create a smothering effect on the fire. Examples include
powder, pellets, flakes, or random-packed small objects [e.g., razor
blade dispensers, 1 oz to 2 oz (28 g to 57 g) bottles].
plastic
Group B Group C
Group A
(class IV) (class III)
Free flowing
expanded Nonexpanded
(class IV)
Plastic commodities :
I. Group A (materials)
Plastic commodities :
II. Group B (materials)
Natural rubber Nylon 6
PVDF PCTFE
Lightweight
Density : 4.5kg/92.9m2
Tissue
FIRE MATRIX Refer to NFPA 13-2016ed-sec5.6.5
Storage sprinkler protection system:
Commodity classification:
paper commodities (examples)
Sprinkler
ESFR restrictions :
I. If there are heat or smoke vents shall be high temperature rated .
II. Draft curtain shall not be used with sprinklers except separating
ESFR sprinklers at system breaks or control mode sprinklers or
hazard areas .
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
3. Get duration and hose allowance from chapter 12 (except
modified by commodity design chapter).
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
System design :
Total water flow required = sprinklers demand + hose stream allowance
Total water storage = total water flow X duration
inside + outside
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
System design :
Miscellaneous storage (In-rack sprinklers)
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
System design :
Miscellaneous storage (In-rack sprinklers)
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
System design :
Class I to class IV
Class I up to
IV
CMSA ESFR
CMDA Sprinkler type
Table (14.3.1) Table (14.4.1)
Storage Storage
height ≤ 3.7m height > 3.7m Storage height
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
System design :
Class I to class IV protected by CMDA sprinklers (palletized –
solid pilled – bin box - shelf)
CMDA
miscellaneous
Nonencapsulated Encapsulated Encapsulated (over
(up to 9m height) (Less than 4.6m) 4.6m to 6.1m)
Q = K√P
Q = K√P
Q = K √P
Q = flow in GPM ; K = factor ; P = pressure in PSI
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
System design :
We have a display of products for sale on shelves. The products have just
enough plastic to be considered Group A rather than Class IV commodity.
Should this situation be protected in accordance with the ordinary hazard
Group 2 rules for retail sales, the miscellaneous storage rules of Chapter
13, or the Group A plastics storage rules of Chapter 15?
Plastic &
Palletized-bin box- rubber
shelf- solid pilled
Other than
racks
racks
Storage method
CMSA ESFR
CMDA Sprinkler type
Table (15.3.1) Table (15.4.1)
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
System design :
V. Plastic & rubber commodities :
CMDA
Storage
height Storage height >1.5m
≤1.5m
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
System design :
Plastic & rubber protected by CMDA sprinklers (palletized – solid
pilled – bin box - shelf) – Decision Tree
Remarks :
Design area is 232m2 except for EH1, EH2.
For EH1 (if K=8 the design area reduced by 25%). Not less
For EH1,EH2 (if K ≥ 11.2 the design area reduced by 25%). than 186m2
Q = K√P
Q = K√P
Q = K √P
Q = flow in GPM ; K = factor ; P = pressure in PSI
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
System design :
Class I to class IV (Racks)
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
System design :
Class I to class IV (Racks)
Class I up to IV (Rack)
Storage Storage
height ≤ height >
3.7m 3.7m
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
System design :
Class I to class IV (Racks) – Storage height >3.7 & ≤ 7.6m
Ceiling
protection
Q = K√P
Q = K√P
Ceiling
protection
Remarks :
Total in-rack sprinkler water demand (Q) =30 gpm X No. of design sp.
Q = flow in GPM ; K = factor ; P = pressure in PSI
K may be 5.6 or 8 or 11.2 (standard or quick response)
FIRE MATRIX Refer to NFPA 13-2016ed-sec16.3.1.3.1.3
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
System design : (ceiling protection by CMSA for single/double/multiple raw)
Class I to class IV (Racks) – Storage height > 7.6m
Total in-rack sprinkler water demand (Q) = min. flow X No. of design sp.
= 8 X 60 = 480gpm
FIRE MATRIX Refer to NFPA 13-2016ed-sec16.3.3
Storage sprinkler protection system:
System design : (ceiling protection by CMDA/CMSA/ESFR)
Class I to class IV (Racks)
In-rack sprinkler design for solid shelves
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
System design :
Plastic and Rubber Commodities (Racks)
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
System design :
Plastic and Rubber Commodities (Racks)
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
System design :
Plastic and Rubber (Racks) – Storage height >1.5 & ≤7.6m
Ceiling protection
CMDA CMSA ESFR
Nonexpanded Expanded Nonexpanded Expanded Nonexpanded Expanded
Not Not
Exposed Cartoned Exposed Cartoned Exposed Cartoned Exposed Cartoned
permitted permitted
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
System design : (ceiling protection by CMDA for single/double/multiple raw)
Plastic and Rubber (Racks) – Storage height >1.5 & ≤ 7.6m
Cartoned Unexpanded
Exposed Unexpanded
Q = K√P
Q = K√P
Ceiling protection
CMDA CMSA ESFR
Nonexpanded Expanded Nonexpanded Expanded Nonexpanded Expanded
exposed
Not
Exposed Cartoned Cartoned (Not Exposed Cartoned Exposed Cartoned Exposed Cartoned
permitted
permitted)
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
System design : (ceiling protection by CMDA for single/double/multiple raw)
Plastic and Rubber (Racks) – Storage height >7.6m
Not
permitted
Not
permitted
Q = K√P
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
System design : (ceiling protection by ESFR for single/double/multiple raw)
Plastic and Rubber (Racks) – Storage height >7.6m
Q = K√P
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
System design :
Rubber Tire storage methods
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
System design : (ceiling protection by CMDA)
Rubber Tire
Not
permitted
Not
permitted
Q = K√P
Q = K√P
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
System design :
Roll paper storage methods
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
System design :
Roll paper storage definitions
Not
permitted
Remarks :
Not
permitted
Not
permitted
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
System design :
Special Designs (Plastic Motor Vehicle Components Storage)
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
System design :
Special Designs (Carton Records With Catwalks)
FIRE MATRIX
Storage sprinkler protection system:
System design :
Special Designs (High Bay Records Storage)
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
Foam systems Codes:
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
Working theory :
Foam definition :
A stable aggregation of bubbles of
lower density than oil or water
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
Foam physical characteristics:
Knockdown Speed and Flow : this refers to the time required for the foam
blanket to spread across a fuel surface or around obstacles in order to achieve
complete extinguishment.
Heat Resistance : foam must be able to resist the effects of heat from any
remaining fire from the liquid’s flammable vapor or heated objects.
Fuel Resistance : effective foam minimizes fuel pick-up so that the foam does
not become saturated and burn.
Alcohol Resistance : foam blankets are more than 90% water. Because of this,
foam blankets that are not alcohol resistant will not last very long
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
Any foam system consist of :
1- Foam concentrate 2- Water supply
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
Any foam system consist of (cont’d):
5- Piping & fittings
For foam concentrate : 1- Brass
2- Bronze.
3- Stainless Steel.
Galvanized or carbon steel shall not be used with foam concentrate.
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
II. Expansion rates : The ratio of final foam volume to original foam
solution volume
Expansion ratio
Low expansion < 20:1
Medium expansion > 20:1 & < 200:1
High expansion > 200:1
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
Combustible & flammable liquid classification:
• Combustible liquids:
combustible Liquid Class IIIA : Any liquid that has a flash point
≥60°C & < 93 °C.
combustible Liquid Class IIIB : Any liquid that has a flash point
≥93°C.
• Flammable Liquid Class I : Any liquid that has a flash point < 37.8°C
and subclassified as:
Flammable Liquid Class IA : Any liquid that has a flash point below
22.8°C and a boiling point below 37.8°C.
Flammable Liquid Class IB :Any liquid that has a flash point below
22.8°C and a boiling point at or above 37.8°C.
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
Proportioning systems: 1- Premix foam system
(typically 10 to 40 GPM)
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
hazards that medium and high expansion foam shall be permitted to
protect :
1.Ordinary combustible.
2.Flammable and combustible liquids.
3. combination of (1) & (2).
4.Liquefied natural gas (high expansion foam only).
hazards that medium and high expansion foam shall not be used:
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
hazards that low expansion foam shall be permitted to protect :
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
1. Low Expansion Foam Applications
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
Design Concept (Data Required)
Foam Discharge
Application Discharge Application
Concentration Time
Area (ft2) Device Rate (gpm/ft2)
(%) (minute)
FIRE MATRIX
1- low expansion foam app.
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
1. Flammable liquid tanks:
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
1. Flammable liquid tanks cont.: for extinguishing we use
1- foam chamber & pourer 2- foam monitors
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
1. Flammable liquid tanks cont.: for extinguishing we use cont.
5- foam hose cabinet 6- cooling sprinklers
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
Tank classification according to roof type :
FIRE MATRIX
A- FIXED ROOF TANK
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
1) Protection for fixed roof tank :
Protection
Protection methods : - methods
Primary supplementary
Monitor or
Foam Chamber Subsurface Semisubsurface Foam FHC
Handline
Design steps:
Area = (л /4 ) D2
Dgpm=(Area) (Rate)
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
1) Protection for fixed roof tank cont. :
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
1) Protection for fixed roof tank cont. :
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
1) Protection for fixed roof tank cont. :
FIRE MATRIX
Refer to ANSUL catalogue
• Foam systems:
1) Protection for fixed roof tank cont. :
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
1) Protection for fixed roof tank cont. :
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
Monitor/handline design steps :
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
1) Protection for fixed roof tank cont. :
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
1) Protection for fixed roof tank cont. :
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
2) Protection for floating roof tank :
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
1) Protection for floating roof tank :
Protection methods : -
Protection
methods
Primary supplementary
Design steps :
Application Area
30-60cm
Remarks :
Below seal foam system shall not be used with combustible secondary seal.
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
2) Protection for floating roof tank cont. :
Remarks cont. :
Monitors shall not be used as the primary means of floating roof seal fire
extinguishment because of the difficulty of directing foam into the annular space
and the possibility of sinking the roof.
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
2) Protection for floating roof tank cont. : (Rim Seal Unit)
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
2) Protection for floating roof tank cont. : (Rim Seal Unit)
Premixed Foam
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
2) Protection for floating roof tank cont. : (Rim Seal Unit)
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
3) Diked area:
Some flammable liquid storage facilities consist of a number of small
tanks within a common diked area. The diked area, rather than the
individual storage tanks, may be considered the hazard to be protected
and a fixed system using monitors or floating roof foam makers is
required.
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
3) Diked area:
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
3) Diked area cont.:
protected by:
Low-level foam discharge outlets.
Foam monitors or foam hoselines.
Foam water sprinklers or nozzles. Refer to NFPA-16
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
4) Nondiked spill area :
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
4) Nondiked spill area :
Item Flow (gpm) Water Pressure (psi) Hose Size (in) Hose Length (m)
Foam cart 95 200 1.5 15
Foam Monitor 350 : 2000 50 : 150 N/A N/A
FIRE MATRIX
E- Loading Racks
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
5) Loading rack:
Within the scope of this standard, loading racks shall be defined as being
either truck or rail car types for the purpose of loading or unloading
product.
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
5) loading rack cont.:
Deluge system design 1. Deluge valve.
2. Isolating valve.
3. Diaphragm supply valve.
4. Manual control station.
5. Automatic shut-off valve.
6. Automatic drain valve.
7. Pressure switch.
8. Water motor gong.
9. Releasing panel.
10. Spray nozzle.
11. Smoke/heat detector.
12. Solenoid valve.
13. Foam proportioner.
14. Foam bladder tank.
15. Foam concentrate.
16. Hydraulic ball valve.
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
5) loading rack cont.:
Deluge system design
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
5) loading rack cont.:
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
6) Machinery spaces :
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems: (High expansion foam App.)
1. For extinguishing we use foam generators
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
1. High & medium expansion foam principle
C. Calculate No. of generator = total foam discharge rate / rate per available generator.
D. Calculate foam concentrate quantity
Q = R1 (T) (%)
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
Design steps:
A B
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
Classification of aircraft hangars:
1) Group I.
2) Group II.
3) Group III.
4) Group IV.
Group I:
H > 8.5m & L > 8.5m & single fire area > 3716m2
Group II:
H < 8.5m & single fire area according to
Group III:
H < 8.5m & single fire area according to
Group IV:
rigid steel frame covered by membrane.
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
Aircraft hangars:
Fire protection
systems
Deluge foam
Automatic Automatic
system +
sprinklers + low sprinklers + high
supplementary
expansion foam expansion foam
systems
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
Aircraft hangars:
Fire protection systems for group I,II,III
1) Deluge system & supplementary systems: (above & below wings protection)
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
Aircraft hangars:
Fire protection systems for group I,II,III
1) Deluge system & supplementary systems:
Design of deluge system:
Duration 10 min.
Common used AFFF foam type.
Detectors for actuating foam systems shall
be rate of rise, fixed temperature, or rate
compensation types.
Fire
point
30m
Generator
• Supplementary protection shall be installed when wings area > 279 m2.
• Actuation of any deluge foam sprinkler shall simultaneously operate
supplementary systems.
Sprinkler
Area per one Sprinkler Sprinkler
group protection Density
zone valve spacing type
area
Quick
ft2 m2 ft2 m2 ft m Gpm/ft2
response
I 15000 1394 100 9.3 12 3.7 0.17 K = 5.6 or 8
II ,III 5000 464.5 100 9.3 12 3.7 0.17 K = 5.6 or 8
Low or high expansion foam system is the same which used with
deluge system.
Low expansion High expansion Low expansion High expansion Automatic sprinklers
FIRE MATRIX
• Foam systems:
Heliports :
Helicopter classification:
Unit H1 H2 H3
Length m < 15.2 ≥ 15.2 & < 24.4 ≥ 24.4 & < 36.6
Critical fire area m2 34.8 78 133.8
MIN.
Fire extinguisher rating 4A & 80B 10A & 120B 30A & 240B
ONE
Fire protection methods (one of the following):
a) Foam monitor (using total landing pad area to find solution flow rate).
b) Foam hose lines (using critical fire area to find solution flow rate )
Exceptions :
1. Heliports on parking garages, unoccupied buildings do not require
the installation of a low expansion foam system.
2. For H1 may be protected only by 2 fire extinguisher have minimum
rating 20A & 160B.
FIRE MATRIX Refer to NFPA 418-2016ed-sec5.7
• Foam systems:
Heliports :
Foam type and its application rates :
The foam discharge rate for the fire-extinguishing system shall be 0.10
gpm/ft2 (4.1 L/min・m2) for aqueous film forming foam (AFFF).
Minimum duration is :
a) For hose 2minutes.
b) For monitors 10minutes.
FIRE MATRIX
• Standpipe system:
Standpipe Types :
1) Automatic wet.
2) Automatic dry.
3) Semiautomatic dry (single or double or non interlock).
4) Manual wet.
5) Manual dry.
6) Combined system.
FIRE MATRIX
• Standpipe system:
Standpipe Types (Cont’d):
1) Automatic dry.
FIRE MATRIX
• Standpipe system:
Standpipe Types (Cont’d):
1) Semiautomatic dry.
FIRE MATRIX
• Standpipe system:
Standpipe Types (Cont’d):
1) Manual wet.
FIRE MATRIX
• Standpipe system:
Standpipe Types (Cont’d):
1) Manual dry
FIRE MATRIX
• Standpipe system:
Standpipe Types (Cont’d):
1) Combined.
FIRE MATRIX
• Standpipe system:
Fire hose classification :
1) According to size :
Hose rack (for 2.5” & 1.5”) Hose reel (for 1” only)
FIRE MATRIX
• Standpipe system:
Classification :
3) According to location from the wall:
FIRE MATRIX
• Standpipe system:
Water supply requirement :
According to NFPA 14 :
I. For building has floor area > 7432 m2 :
1) Unsprinklered building
500gpm for 1st standpipe + 500gpm for 2nd standpipe + For class I
250gpm for additional standpipe. & class III
2) Sprinklered building
500gpm for 1st standpipe + 500gpm for 2nd standpipe.
III. For class II hose cabinet flow 100gpm and no additional flow for
additional standpipe.
Duration :
The water supply shall be capable to provide class( I or II or
III) water demand for at least 30minute
FIRE MATRIX Refer to NFPA 14-2013ed-sec7.10
Refer to NFPA 14-2013ed-sec 9.2
• Standpipe system:
Water supply requirement :
Fire main
FIRE MATRIX
• Standpipe system:
Water supply requirement :
Fire main
FIRE MATRIX
• Standpipe system:
Water supply requirement :
Fire water
main
FIRE MATRIX
• Standpipe system:
Water supply requirement :
FIRE MATRIX
• Standpipe system:
Fire hose cabinet location:
Hose cabinet shall be installed at height (X) = 0.9 to 1.5m (from center line
of hose valve) above finished floor level.
Class II location:
in corridors or any where at which can trained people use it.
FIRE MATRIX
• Standpipe system:
Fire hose cabinet location:
FIRE MATRIX
• Standpipe system:
Fire hose cabinet location:
FIRE MATRIX
• Standpipe system:
Fire hose cabinet location:
FIRE MATRIX
• Standpipe system:
Fire hose cabinet location:
130
200
FIRE MATRIX
• Standpipe system:
Pressure regulating valve:
FIRE MATRIX
• Standpipe system:
Single and multi zone systems:
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE MATRIX
I. Introduction
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER SPRAY SYSTEM:
Water Spray Systems Code :
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER SPRAY SYSTEM:
ITEM sprinkler Water spray Water mist
Drop diameter >1mm 0.3 to 1mm 0.15 to 0.3mm
One liter quantity 1900 5700000 1900000000
One liter surface area 6m2 20m2 60m2
One liter time to steam 6 0.002 0.0000006
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER SPRAY SYSTEM:
PSI
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER SPRAY SYSTEM:
Water spray effective for :
Extinguishing Methods :
FIRE MATRIX
II. System Components
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER SPRAY SYSTEM:
Water spray System Components :
FIRE MATRIX
Water spray System Components :
A) Reliable Water Source & Pumps
Fire Tanks Fire pumps
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER SPRAY SYSTEM:
Water spray System Components :
C) Initiation and control equipment
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER SPRAY SYSTEM:
Water spray System Components :
Detectors
C) Initiation and control equipment cont’d
24VDC
Manual-Release
220VAC
Flash lamb
Deluge Valve
Bell Solenoid
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER SPRAY SYSTEM:
Water spray System Components :
D) Discharge Device
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER SPRAY SYSTEM:
Water spray System Actuation:
System actuation valves shall be provided with manual means of actuation
independent of the automatic release system and detection devices.
Operation
Manual Automatic
Remote Command Detectors (Heat /
Emergency Manual
Local Push Button By Operator in Flame / Pilot
Valve
Control Room Sprinkler)
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER SPRAY SYSTEM:
Applications: 1- Conveyor belt
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER SPRAY SYSTEM:
Applications: 3- vessels
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER SPRAY SYSTEM:
Applications: 4- Transformers
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER SPRAY SYSTEM:
Applications: 7- Mechanical equipment (pumps – compressors)
FIRE MATRIX
IV. System Design
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER SPRAY SYSTEM:
Design steps :
1) Find shape , dimension , area for the application.
2) Calculate water required =
Application area X Application rate (from table).
3) Assume nozzle pressure.
4) Select the most probable nozzle arrangement :
a. Nozzle angle.
b. Distance of nozzle from surface (common 0.6m).
c. Nozzle direction.
d. No. of nozzles = application circumference / coverage distance per nozzle.
5) Calculate water required per nozzle =
Total water required / No. of nozzles.
6) Select proper nozzle capacity ( K=Q/√P).
7) Determine the required nozzle pressure.
8) Hydraulic calculation.
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER SPRAY SYSTEM:
Design steps :
1) Find the protection area: a-Horizontal Tank.
Shell Area = Л x D x L
Top Area = W x L
Sides Area = 2 H x (W + L)
Bottom Area = W x L [if h>0.3m]
Grade Area =
((L+0.9) x (W+0.9)) – Bottom Area
[If grade surface is non absorbing like
concrete or asphalt , Grid Area=0]
Area = L x W
[Taken area per one deluge valve 232m2
to avoid excess water demand]
L = belt length
W = pad width
1) Minimum residual pressure for water spray nozzle is 20 psi (1.4 bar).
2) Maximum distance between nozzles vertically or horizontally 3m.
3) Pilot sprinkler used as outdoor detector.
4) For pilot sprinkler maximum spacing is 2.5m.
5) Maximum distance between pilot sprinkler levels is 5.2m.
6) Operating duration minimum 1 hour.
7) Hose allowance is 250gpm must be added to system flow rate.
8) Response time not more than 40 sec.
Ultra-high-speed water spray systems shall be used for the extinguishment or control of
deflagrations in open, unconfined areas or within process equipment.
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER SPRAY SYSTEM:
Ultra high speed water spray system cont. :
System requirements :
System capacity shall be permitted to exceed 500 gal if response time <100ms.
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER MIST SYSTEM:
Water Mist Systems Code :
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER MIST SYSTEM:
ITEM sprinkler Water spray Water mist
Drop diameter >1mm 0.3 to 1mm 0.15 to 0.3mm
One liter quantity 1900 5700000 1900000000
One liter surface area 6m2 20m2 60m2
One liter time to steam 6 0.002 0.0000006
1. Immediate activation
2. High efficiency in the suppression of a wide variety of fires
3. Minimized water damage
4. Environmentally sound characteristics
5. No toxic problems
6. Lower overall system weight
7. Less water consumption
8. Better penetration into the seat of the fire
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER MIST SYSTEM:
Water Volume :
Pressurizing
Pressure Media Types Application Operation Construction
Method
Occupancy Deluge
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER MIST SYSTEM:
System pressure :
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER MIST SYSTEM:
Operation : 1-Wet 2-Dry 3-Deluge 4-Preaction
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER MIST SYSTEM:
Water pressurizing methods:
1- Pressurized gas cylinders 2- Water pumps
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER MIST SYSTEM:
Water pressurizing methods cont. :
2- Pre-engineered System : Those systems that have predetermined pipe and tube
sizes, maximum and minimum pipe lengths, number of fittings and numbers and types of
nozzles, nozzle pressures, atomizing media, and water storage quantities and that do not
require additional hydraulic calculations.
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER MIST SYSTEM:
Water mist system component:
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER MIST SYSTEM:
Water mist system component:
2- Piping or tubing & Fitting
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER MIST SYSTEM:
Water mist system component:
2- Piping or tubing & Fitting
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER MIST SYSTEM:
Water mist system component:
2- Piping or tubing & Fitting
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER MIST SYSTEM:
Water mist system component:
2- Piping or tubing & Fitting
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER MIST SYSTEM:
Water mist system component:
2- Tubing & Fitting cont’d : (stainless steel AISI 316L)
Flare connection for D > 38mm Cutting ring connection for D ≤ 38mm
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER MIST SYSTEM:
Water mist system component:
3- Water supply 4- Valves
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER MIST SYSTEM:
Water mist system component:
4- Valves cont’d : Selector Valve
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER MIST SYSTEM:
Water mist system component:
4- Valves cont’d : Fire Department Connection (FDC)
[For High & Medium Pressure]
24VDC
Manual-Release
220VAC
Flash lamb
Deluge Valve
Bell Solenoid
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER MIST SYSTEM:
Water mist system component:
6- Hose systems
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER MIST SYSTEM:
Deluge Water Mist System Actuation:
Operation
Manual Automatic
Remote Command
Emergency Manual Detectors (Heat /
Local Push Button By Operator in
Valve Flame / Smoke)
Control Room
FIRE MATRIX
III. Applications
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER MIST SYSTEM:
Applications :
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER MIST SYSTEM:
Applications :
1- Transformer Room 2- Switchgear Room
3- Museums 4- Libraries
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER MIST SYSTEM:
Applications :
5- Highway Tunnel 6- Flammable Liquid room
FIRE MATRIX
IV. System Design
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER MIST SYSTEM:
System Design :
Full design including nozzles (including distribution and models) and pipe
sizing and pumping method according to manufacturer.
Shall be noted that there isn’t any water mist system applicable for all
applications but is accepted for specific application according to testing.
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER MIST SYSTEM:
System Design : Example
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER MIST SYSTEM:
System Design : Example
There are 2 models used as water mist unit
Pressure
Regulator
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER MIST SYSTEM:
System Design : Example
System Nozzles
Item Specs
Max. Nozzle Spacing (m) 2.44
Max. Nozzle To Wall (m) 1.22
Max. Nozzle To Ceiling (m) 0.3
Pressure at each Nozzle In Grid (psi) 310 (+15)
-
Nozzle Size (in) 0.5
Nozzle Normal Flow (gpm) 2.1
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER MIST SYSTEM:
System Design : Example
System Pipe Routing
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER MIST SYSTEM:
System Design : Example
System Pipe Sizing :
1. Maximum pressure drop from water mist unit to any nozzle doesn’t
exceed 20 psi.
2. Assume pipe sizes as following
No. of Nozzle Tube Size (in)
Up to 2 0.5
>2 0.75
3. Get pipe length for every pipe section according to pipe routing.
4. Get equivalent length for every fitting on pipe section (table). -
5. Sum both length and equivalent length for every section.
6. Multiply every section total length in it’s pressure drop according to no
nozzle carried by that pipe (table).
7. Sum total pressure drop up to water mist unit and static head (shall be
less than 20psi)
FIRE MATRIX
• WATER MIST SYSTEM:
System Design : Example
System Pipe Sizing :
o Maximum pressure drop from water mist unit to any nozzle doesn’t
exceed 20 psi.
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE HYDRANT:
FIRE
HYDRANT
GROUND
WET Public
MOUNTED
WALL
DRY private
MOUNTED
Underground
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE HYDRANT:
Operation methods :
1- Dry barrel 2- Wet barrel
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE HYDRANT:
Mounting methods :
1- ground mounting 2- wall mounting
3- Underground
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE HYDRANT:
Water supply :
1-private source 2-public source
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE HYDRANT:
Private and Public fire hydrant :
Difference Private Hydrant Public Hydrant
Scope (Infra. + mech.) engineer Infra. engineer
Min. pressure (NFPA) 6.9 bar (100 psi) 1.4 bar (20 psi)
Location (NFPA Shall be located not less than 12m from the No and distance between two
code) building or use wall hydrant with AHJ. hydrants is according to fire flow
Height between outlet centerline and finished (table I.3).
grade (0.45-0.9 m). Height between outlet centerline and
finished grade (0.45-0.9 m).
Distance from Siamese not more
than 30.5m.
Location (Egyptian At least two fire hydrant not more than 30m Maximum distance between two
code) from building main entrance must be installed. fire hydrant not to exceed 100 m.
At least one fire hydrant not more than 25m Height between outlet centerline
from other building sides must be installed. and finished grade (0.45 m).
Height between outlet centerline and finished
grade (0.45 m).
Other requirement Valves in the hydrant connection shall be installed the hydrant should be placed within
(NFPA) within 6.1 m of the hydrant. 1.8m of the pavement.
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE HYDRANT:
Color coding : [for public hydrant only]
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE HYDRANT:
Installation requirement cont. : (min. & max. height)
For one and two family dwelling units have fire flow area ≤ 334.5
m2 minimum fire flow 1000gpm for 1hr duration.
The fire flow area shall be the total floor area of all floor levels of
a building except as the fire flow area of a building constructed of
Type I (443), Type I (332), and Type II (222) construction shall be
the area of the three largest successive floors.
VERTICAL
STEAM
SHAFT VALVES
TURBINE
TURBINE
END
SUCTION
Positive
displacement
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE PUPMS:
Classification according to construction :
1- split case pump 2- vertical shaft turbine pump
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE PUPMS:
Classification according to construction :
3- in-line pump 4- positive displacement pump 5- end suction pump
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE PUPMS:
Classification according to driver :
1- Electric pump 2- diesel pump
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE PUPMS:
Pump type Benefits Drawbacks
Available in a wide flow and head Large floor space requirement.
range. Restricts mechanical room layout
1-horizontal split due to direction of rotation.
Serviceable without disturbing
case pump More costly.
piping or driver.
Available in electric or diesel drive. More difficult to service.
Compact Only available up to 1500GPM
2-vertical inline Serviceable Electric Drive Only
pump Reliable Requires suction strainer
Cost Effective
Moderate floor space requirement Only available up to 1500gpm
Flexibility in mechanical room Single suction design limits
3-End suction layout hydraulic efficiency
pump Available in electric or diesel drive
Serviceable
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE PUPMS:
Fire pump capacity calculation:
1- Fully sprinklered building 2- Partial sprinklered building
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE PUPMS:
Piping of fire pumps:
2) Discharge side : d-pressure sensing lines cont.
Remarks :
For all pump installations, including jockey pumps, each controller shall
have its own individual pressure sensing line.
The pressure sensing line shall be made between pump’s discharge check
valve and discharge isolation valve.
The pressure sensing line shall be brass, rigid copper pipe Types K, L, or
M, or Series 300 stainless steel pipe or tube, and the fittings shall be of
1⁄2 in. (15 mm) nominal size.
Remarks :
1. For discharge pipe if there is more than one elbow the next larger size
shall be used.
2. For hose header if pipe length between pump discharge and hose
header exceed 4.6m the next larger size shall be used.
3. Where the system riser is also a part of the fire pump discharge
piping, a flexible pipe coupling shall be installed at the base of the
system riser.
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE PUPMS:
Pump room/house:
Any pump room shall contain :-
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE PUPMS:
Pump room/house
Pump rooms enclosing diesel pump drive and day tank shall be
protected by automatic sprinklers and classified as extra hazard G2.
Fire pump rooms not directly accessible from the outside shall be
accessible through an enclosed passageway from an enclosed stairway
or exterior exit with fire rated not less than for the pump room.
FIRE MATRIX Refer to NFPA 20-2013ed-table4.12.1.1.2
Refer to NFPA 20-2013ed-sec4.12.1.3
• FIRE PUPMS:
Pump room/house
To
Tank
Manufac. Manufac.
10 x pipe D
For multistage multiport pumps, a bypass shall be installed between the pump
suction and the first outlet port and between sequential outlet ports wherever
the bypass can provide pressure that is of material value without the impeller.
The size of the bypass shall be at least as large as the pipe size required for
discharge pipe.
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE TANKS:
Tank types :
1- Gravity/elevated tank 2- Pressure tank
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE TANKS:
Tank types :
1- Concrete 2- Steel
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE TANKS:
Tank sizes :
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE TANKS:
Tank Design :
TANK = OR x
Factor :Adding 10-20% of water volume for above water level piping
FIRE MATRIX Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-table11.2.3.1.2
Refer to NFPA 14-2013ed-sec 9.2
• FIRE TANKS:
Remarks :
11) For concrete tanks all piping shall be with puddle flanged pieces (wall
piece)
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE TANKS:
Typical tank installations :
1- Underground tank 2- Pressure tank
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE TANKS:
Break tank :
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE TANKS:
Break tank :
Applications :
(1) As a backflow prevention device between the city water supply and the
fire pump suction.
(2) To eliminate pressure fluctuations in the city water supply and provide
a steady suction pressure to the fire pump.
(3) To augment the city water supply when the volume of water available
from the city is inadequate for the fire protection demand.
Sizing :
Filling line :
Remarks :
2) High rise building shall have two or more tank or tank with 2
compartment each have 50% of the demand.
3) For tank serves domestic and fire demands the domestic connection
shall be above the fire level demand.
GAS SYSTEMS
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS :
Codes:
GAS SYSTEMS
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS :
Extinguishing Methods :
Note : FM-200 effectiveness is
80% for heat adsorption
20% for chemical chain reaction
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (agent features)
Agent
shall extinguish fires (without damage)
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (agent features)
Agent And Environment
Atmospheric
life time
Global
Ozone
warming
depletion
potential
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (agent features)
Agent And Environment : Global Warming Potential (GWP)
GWP is a measure of how much a given mass of greenhouse gas is estimated to
contribute to global warming. It is a relative scale that compares the gas in question
to the same mass of carbon dioxide whose GWP is by convention equal to 1.
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (agent features)
Agent And human safety :
LC50
LC stands for "Lethal Concentration". Used if the lethal effects from breathing
a compound are to be tested.
LC50 is the concentration of a chemical in air that kills 50% of the test animals
in a given time (usually four hours).
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (clean agent & co2 systems)
System components : (For Clean agent & Co2 systems )
a. Gas cylinder set (cylinders, brackets).
b. Piping (nozzles,hoses,manifold,check valves,actuators,pressure switch)
c. Control panel.
d. Automatic detectors such as :
I. Smoke detectors (Ionization or optical).
II. Flame detector.
III. Heat detector (rate of rise/fixed temperature or linear).
(Detector coverage area is 25m2 & if air change/minute exceed 1
coverage will be 12.5m2).
e. Manual release device used to manually discharge the system.
f. Abort switch located within the protected area (not more than 1.2m above
F.F.L ) used to bypass a pending discharge and must be continually
depressed, Releasing the abort switch cause time delay to restart.
[Abort switches shall not be used with CO2 systems]
e. Audible and visual alarm devices (Horn – flash lamps – strobe – bells).
f. Warning signs (Inside – outside)
FIRE MATRIX Refer to NFPA 2001-2013ed-CH4
• GAS SYSTEMS : (clean agent & co2 systems)
System components : (For Clean agent & Co2 systems )
a. Gas cylinder set
Actuator
Sapphire
Outlet Piston
Piston Outlet
Cylinder Cylinder
reset button
Discharge pattern
180º
360º
Material
Aluminum
brass or stainless steel optional
Nozzle drills
drill size determines the agent quantity
Manual- Pressure
Release switch
24VDC
Abort-
Switch
220VAC
Flash lamb
Beam Linear
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (clean agent & co2 systems)
System components :
c) Alarm System (detectors)
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (clean agent & co2 systems)
System components :
c) Alarm System (detectors) - [Ionization smoke detector]
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (clean agent & co2 systems)
System components :
c) Alarm System (detectors) - [Optical smoke detector]
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (clean agent & co2 systems)
System components :
c) Alarm System (detectors) - [Beam smoke detector]
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (clean agent & co2 systems)
System components :
c) Alarm System (detectors) - [Fixed Temp. Heat Detector]
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (clean agent & co2 systems)
System components :
c) Alarm System (detectors)
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (clean agent & co2 systems)
System components :
d) Alarm System (Wiring)
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (clean agent & co2 systems)
System operation :
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (clean agent & co2 systems)
System operation :
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (clean agent & co2 systems)
CO2 & Inert Gases Halocarbon Agents
- High Concentration (e.x.50%) - Less Concentration (e.x.7%) Volume &
- Large Gas Volume. - Small Gas Volume. Concentration
- Large Space for Cylinders - Small Space for Cylinders.
- Is available in most of the markets. - Is not available all the markets. Market
- Don't need a stand-by Cylinders. - Needs stand-by cylinders. Availability
(Refilling of Cylinders is possible).
- Cheap - Expensive Costing
The extinguishing is performed by The extinguishing is performed by stopping Extinguishing
reducing the percentage of oxygen to be the Inhibiting Chain Reaction as for gases Method
below the normal percentage of oxygen FM-200/FE227/HALON 1301/FE13/ NAF S-
that generates fire as for gases III OR by reducing the ambient room
Nitrogen/Inergen/Argonite/ Co2. temperature as for gases FM-200/ NOVEC
1230/ ECARO-25.
The air pressure inside room increase as The air pressure inside room doesn't Air Pressure
the extinguishing gas is immersed with increase as the extinguishing gas is Inside Rooms
high volume. immersed with low volume.
Could be used in rooms occupied with Could be used in rooms occupied with Application
persons except for CO2. persons.
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (clean agent & co2 systems)
Applications :
1) Electrical and electronic hazards
2) Subfloors and other concealed spaces
3) Flammable and combustible liquids and gases
4) Other high-value assets
5) Telecommunications facilities
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (clean agent)
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (clean agent)
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (clean agent)
System design :
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (clean agent)
System design :
Minimum design concentration:
NOVEC-1230
FE-125
FM-200
FE-13
INERGEN
ARGONITE
NITROGEN
Piping material :
Seamless galvanized steel. Corrosion resistance material
Stainless steel. prevent clogging nozzle with scale
Fitting material :
Ductile iron.
Forged steel.
Joining :
Threaded or flanged or welded or grooved .
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (clean agent)
Room integrity and strength :
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (clean agent)
Room integrity and strength :
The protected enclosure shall have the structural strength and integrity
necessary to contain the agent discharge.
If the developed pressures present a threat to the structural strength of the
enclosure, venting shall be provided to prevent excessive pressures.
Designers shall consult the system manufacturer’s recommended procedures
relative to enclosure venting.
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (CO2 system)
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (CO2 system)
System types :
A. According to application type Co2 system
Total Local
Flooding Application
Surface Deep
Fire Seated Fire
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (CO2 system)
System types :
B. According to gas source:
Low pressure system: up to 300 psi (20.68 bar).
High pressure system : up to 850 psi (58.6 bar).
Loss
Material High / low
Basic CO2 through un- Loss due to
Conversion temperature Co2 Quantity
Quantity closable ventilation
if C>34% allowance (Kg)
(Q1) openings (Q4)
(Q2) (Q5)
(Q3)
Note : C is concentration
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (CO2 system – Total Flooding)
System Design :
A. Surface Fires
1. Minimum Co2 Concentration Required
Q1 in Kg
Volume in m3
Flooding Factor in Kg/m3
H
A [ft²]
Time = 1 minute.
Total Co2 amount (kg) = Flooding factor (kg/m3) X Room Volume (m3)
Automatic Manual
Rate By Rate By
Area Volume
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (CO2 system - Local Application)
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (CO2 system - Local Application)
System design :
1) Get Co2 flow rate to have pipe sizes.
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (CO2 system)
System design :
(2.3, 4.5, 6.8, 9.1, 11.4, 15.9, 22.7, 34.1, 45.4, or 54.4 kg)
Fitting material :
Ductile iron up to 2in. for high pressure system , forged steel for larger sizes.
Ductile iron up to 3in. For low pressure system , forged steel for larger sizes.
Stainless steel for all sizes.
Joining :
Threaded or flanged or welded or grooved .
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (Aerosol system)
Extinguishing method:
OXYGEN
CHEMICAL
REACTION
FUEL Heat 0C
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (Aerosol system)
Extinguishing method cont. :
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (Aerosol system)
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (Aerosol system)
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (Aerosol system)
Aerosol generators:
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (Aerosol system)
System design :
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (Aerosol system)
System design :
Additional Design Factors.
The designer shall assign and document other design factors for each of the
following:
1. Non- closable openings and their effects on design application density
2. Height of protected volume (As per maximum height related to each
generator)
3. Re-ignition from heated surfaces
4. Fuel type, configurations, scenarios not fully accounted for in the
extinguishing application density, enclosure geometry, and obstructions and their
effects on distribution.
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (Aerosol system)
Applications :
FIRE MATRIX
• GAS SYSTEMS : (Aerosol system)
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE EXTINGUISHER :
Fire types:
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE EXTINGUISHER :
Fire extinguisher types:
Dry DRY
Water Foam Co2 Wet chemical
chemical POWDER
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE EXTINGUISHER :
Fire extinguisher components :
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE EXTINGUISHER :
Fire extinguisher color code :
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE EXTINGUISHER :
Fire extinguisher rate No. :
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE EXTINGUISHER :
Fire extinguisher rate No. :
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE EXTINGUISHER : (Portable FE)
Portable fire extinguisher travel distance :
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE EXTINGUISHER : (Automatic FE)
Automatic fire extinguisher types :
Suspended FE Fire trace Ball FE
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE EXTINGUISHER : (Automatic FE)
Automatic fire extinguisher types :
Common used
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE EXTINGUISHER : (Automatic FE)
Automatic fire extinguisher types :
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE EXTINGUISHER : (Automatic FE)
Automatic fire extinguisher types :
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE EXTINGUISHER : (Automatic FE)
Automatic fire extinguisher types :
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE EXTINGUISHER : (Automatic FE)
fire blanket:
Shall be provided in kitchens and pantries.
Made from fire resistant material like Kevlar.
Can resist high temp. up to 9000C
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
Codes :
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
Fire Alarm
System
Component
Fire Retardant
Automatic Audible Modules Alarm Signal Central Station Conventional
Wire
Tactile Wireless
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
1) Initiating Devices
Initiating
Devices
Automatic Manual
Flow Tamper
Detectors Call Point Pull cord
Switch Switch
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
1) Initiating Devices (Automatic)
a) Detectors
Detectors
Fixed Carbon
Ionized UV
Temp. monoxide
Rate Of Other
Optical IR
Rise gases
Beam Linear UV + IR
Aspirating
Detector
Duct
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
1) Initiating Devices (Automatic)
a) Detectors
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
1) Initiating Devices (Automatic)
a) Detectors [Ionization smoke detector]
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
1) Initiating Devices (Automatic)
a) Detectors [Optical smoke detector]
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
1) Initiating Devices (Automatic)
a) Detectors [Beam smoke detector]
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
1) Initiating Devices (Automatic)
a) Detectors [Aspirated air sampling smoke detector]
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
1) Initiating Devices (Automatic)
a) Detectors [Duct smoke detector for both supply and return & air
handling unit]
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
1) Initiating Devices (Automatic)
a) Detectors [Duct smoke detector for both supply and return & air
handling unit]
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
1) Initiating Devices (Automatic)
a) Detectors [Carbon monoxide detector]
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
1) Initiating Devices (Automatic)
a) Detectors [Carbon monoxide detector]
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
1) Initiating Devices (Automatic)
a) Detectors [Gas detector]
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
1) Initiating Devices (Automatic)
a) Detectors [Fixed temperature heat detector]
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
1) Initiating Devices (Automatic)
a) Detectors [Rate Of Rise Heat detector]
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
1) Initiating Devices (Automatic)
a) Detectors [Linear Heat detector]
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
1) Initiating Devices (Automatic)
a) Detectors [Flame detector – Ultraviolet (UV)]
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
1) Initiating Devices (Automatic)
a) Detectors [Flame detector – Infrared (IR)]
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
1) Initiating Devices (Automatic)
a) Detectors [Applications]
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
1) Initiating Devices (Automatic)
a) Detectors [Applications]
Place Detector Type
Telecom Rooms Multiple Detector (S+H)
Electric Rooms Multiple Detector (S+H)
Offices Smoke Detector
Bed Rooms Smoke Detector
Garages Heat Detector
Enclosed Kitchens Heat Detector
Open Kitchens Heat or Smoke Detector
Diesel Tank Room Flame Detector
Elevators Lobbies Smoke Detector
Sauna & Showers Heat Detector
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
1) Initiating Devices (Automatic)
a) Detectors [Installation]
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
1) Initiating Devices (Automatic)
a) Detectors [Installation]
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
1) Initiating Devices (Automatic)
a) Detectors [Installation]
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
1) Initiating Devices (Automatic)
a) Detectors [Installation]
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
1) Initiating Devices (Automatic)
a) Detectors [Installation - Beam smoke detector]
H= Max 25m
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
1) Initiating Devices (Automatic)
b) Flow switch
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
1) Initiating Devices (Automatic)
c) Tamper switch
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
1) Initiating Devices (Manual)
a) Pull Station – Call point – Break Glass
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
1) Initiating Devices (Manual)
a) Pull Station – Call point – Break Glass
1.5m
1 : 1.2m
Manual fire alarm boxes shall be located within 1.5m of each exit
doorway on each floor
Maximum travel distance between two call points is 61m
Manual fire alarm boxes shall be mounted on both sides of grouped
openings over 12.2m in width, and within 1.5m of each side of the
grouped opening.
FIRE MATRIX Refer to NFPA 72-2016ed-sec17.14
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
1) Initiating Devices (Manual)
b) Pull cord (for disabled people)
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
2) Notification Devices
Notification
Flashing
Bells Exit Signs Bed Shaker
light
Speakers
Sirens
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
2) Notification Devices
a) Audible
Bells Horns
Sirens Speakers
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
2) Notification Devices
a) Audible
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
2) Notification Devices
a) Audible
≥ 2.3m
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
2) Notification Devices
b) Visual
Rotary Flash Lamb Flash Strobe
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
2) Notification Devices
b) Visual
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
2) Notification Devices
c) Textual
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
2) Notification Devices
c) Textual
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
2) Notification Devices
c) Tactile
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
3) Other Systems Control
a) Modules
Modules
Control Module
Monitor Module
(Relay)
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
3) Other Systems Control
a) Modules (Control module)
Smoke Evacuation &
Move Lifts To Safe Floor Shutoff Elec. Panels Stair Pressurization
Fans
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
3) Other Systems Control
a) Modules (Monitor module)
Flow Switch
Pressure Switch
Tamper Switch
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
3) Other Systems Control
b) Door Holder/Releaser
Door Holder
Door Closer
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
5) Supervising station alarm systems
A facility that receives signals from protected premises fire alarm
systems and at which personnel are in attendance at all times to respond
to these signals.
Supervising Station
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
5) Supervising station alarm systems
Proprietary system :
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
5) Supervising station alarm systems
Remote station :
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
A component of the fire alarm
system, provided with primary
and secondary power sources,
which receives signals from
initiating devices or other fire
alarm control units, and processes
these signals to determine part or
all of the required fire alarm
system output function(s).
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
Conventional
Fire Alarm
Wireless
Control Analogue
Panel Addressable
(FACP)
Addressable
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
FACP Type Definition Application
Conventional A conventional system is the simplest type of protected Small projects with
premises alarm system. When an alarm-initiating device, limited cost budget
such as a smoke detector, sends a signal to the FACU, all of like garages and
the alarm-signaling devices operate simultaneously hangars
Analogue Detectors in an analog addressable system become “sensors” Moderate projects
addressable that relay information to the control panel regarding how with limited no of
much smoke or heat the detector is sensing. floors or devices
Addressable Addressable alarm systems display the location of each High projects with
initiating device on the FACU and an annunciator panel if multiple floors and
provided rooms
Wireless Wireless Fire Alarm Systems are ideal for fire alarm systems Important places
requiring a quick installation. These Wireless Fire Alarms like museums and
require no cables installing between the panel and ancient palaces
devices. This also means that the decoration within the
building does not need to be affected during the installation
process.
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
a) Conventional FACP
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
b) Addressable FACP
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
b) Addressable FACP (addressing methods)
I. By addressing card
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
b) Addressable FACP (addressing methods)
II. By decimal switch
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
b) Addressable FACP (addressing methods)
III. 7-bit binary or hexadecimal DIL switch
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
b) Addressable FACP (addressing methods)
IV. Dedicated address programmer
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
b) Addressable FACP (addressing methods)
V. Automatic, according to physical position on the loop
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
b) Addressable FACP (Signaling line circuit (SLC) - Zone)
Remarks
For the purpose of this section, each floor of the building shall be considered
a separate zone.
For the purpose of this section, if a floor of the building is subdivided into
multiple zones by fire or smoke barriers and the fire plan for the protected
premises allows relocation of occupants from the zone of origin to another
zone on the same floor, each zone on the floor shall be considered a separate
zone.
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
b) Addressable FACP (No. of devices per loop)
Put isolator at each floor entry and every 10 devices in the same floor
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
b) Addressable FACP (Isolators for short circuit faults)
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
Power supply
at least two independent and reliable power supplies shall be
provided, one primary and one secondary.
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
Wiring
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
Led and buttons (Fire Event)
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
Led and buttons (Supervisory Event)
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
Led and buttons (Trouble Event)
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
Led and buttons (Monitor Event)
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
Led and buttons (Ground Fault Event)
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
Led and buttons (Service Detector Event)
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
Led and buttons (Signal Silence)
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
Led and buttons (Acknowledge / Panel Silence)
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
Led and buttons (Reset)
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
Led and buttons (Drill)
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
Led and buttons (Remote Disconnect)
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
Other control panels
Control Repeater Panel
Panels
Mimic Panel
Elevators Monitoring Panel
Generator Status Panel
Sprinklers Annunciation Panel
Fire Telephone Panel
Emergency Voice Evacuation Panel
HVAC System Control Panel
Central Monitoring Station Panel
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
Other control panels
a) Repeater (Annunciator)
Connected to main fire alarm control panel (FACP)
Used with addressable alarm system and required if there is remote
place from main FACP.
Repeater panel shall be located in security house / fire station to alert
fire fighting / security personnel.
Display same alarm information as main FACP with limited control.
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
Other control panels
b) Mimic panel
Required in fire command center
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
Other control panels
c) Elevator monitoring panel
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
Other control panels
d) Generator status monitoring panel
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
Other control panels
e) Sprinkler annunciation panel
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
Other control panels
f) Fire telephone panel
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
Other control panels
g) Fire fighting control panels (connected to main FACP)
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
Other control panels
h) Emergency voice evacuation panels
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
Other control panels
i) HVAC system control panel
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
6) Fire alarm control panel (FACP)
Other control panels
j) Central Monitoring Station Panel (monitor central
battery unit for emergency lights)
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
7) Fire alarm wiring
Fire Retardant
Wire
Wiring &
Piping
Fire Resistant
EMT
Wire
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
7) Fire alarm wiring
Fire resistant cable
is cable which will continue to operate normally in the presence
of prolonged fire for a specified time under defined conditions.
Fire resistance cable shall pass test.
Can resist temperature up to 750C , 950C , 1050C
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
7) Fire alarm wiring
Fire resistant cable
Provided with sizes 2x0.8 –
2x1.5 – 2x2.5 – 2x4mm2.
Most common is 2x1.5mm2
Avoid using long run of cables
than provided by datasheet to
avoid voltage drop.
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
7) Fire alarm wiring inside electric metallic tubing (EMT)
FIRE MATRIX
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
Fire zoning chart and evacuation plan (At each stair)
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
Fire Command Center (FCC room)
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
Fire Command Center (FCC room)
Room Components
FIRE MATRIX
• FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS :
System components :
Fire alarm symbols
FIRE MATRIX
Ali Hassan Mohamed
Fire & plumbing design engineer
(+02)01001737218
[email protected]
FIRE MATRIX