Discipline and Ideas in the

Applied Social Sciences

PRINCIPLES AND CORE VALUES OF
COUNSELING

THIRD QUARTER- Lesson 3

 EXPECTATIONS
Specifically, this Lesson will help you to:
 demonstrate comprehension of the principles of counseling
 explain the core values of counseling

PRETEST

Direction: Fill in the box the missing word. There are guide questions your answer .

1 3 DOWN
1. 2 The Collins Dictionary of Sociology defines Iit as “the
process of guiding a person during a stage of life
when reassessments or decisions have to be made
about himself or herself and his or her life course.”

4 5 3.Without this basic element, successful

counseling is impossible.

5.It can be found in the basic process of

counseling.

CROSS
2. Exist in a wide range of areas of expertise
4. It requires the counselor to listen and understand the feelings and perspective of the
client .

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 LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

To check your understanding of the lesson on “Discipline of

Counseling”, you should be ready to accomplish this task.
Directions: Modified True or False. Write SELING if the sentence is true.
If your answer is false, write SELOR and write the reason why it is
incorrect.
1. The goal setting is a key component of individual, group, organizational
and community success.
2. Cognitive Goals involves acquiring the basic foundation of learning and
cognitive skills.

_____ 3. Counseling is a specific term with diverse definitions and objectives.

_____4. In general, the spectrum of treatment includes individual counseling,

marital and premarital counseling, family counseling and group
counseling.

1. _____5. Problem-Solving helps both clients and counselors to understand the

emotional and perceptional reactions and how to effectively manage them.
.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

The Collins Dictionary of Sociology defines counseling as “the process of

guiding a person during a stage of life when reassessments or decisions have to be
made about himself or herself and his or her life course.” Counselors are
professionally trained and certified to perform counseling. Their job is to provide
advice or guidance in decision-making in emotionally significant situations by
helping clients explore and understand their words and discover better ways and
well-informed choices in resolving an emotional problem.
Counselors exist in a wide range of areas of expertise: marriage, family,
youth, student and other life transitions dealing with managing of issues of loss
and death, retirement, divorce, parenting, and bankruptcy. Counseling is widely
considered the heart of the guidance services in schools. In the school contexts,
counseling is usually done as individual or group intervention designed to
facilitate positive change in student behavior, feelings, and attitudes.

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DISCUSSIONS

Lesson Principle and Core Values of

Counseling
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Counseling is not to be confused with psychiatry, which is a branch of
general medicine that deals with the treatment of the mentally ill by
medically-trained professionals using clinical interventions including drugs,
surgical procedures, and non-physical approaches.
Counseling is not to be confused with psychiatry, which is a branch of
general medicine that deals with the treatment of the mentally ill by
medically-trained professionals using clinical interventions including drugs,
surgical procedures, and non-physical approaches.
PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING

2. Advice Counseling may involve advice-giving as one of the several functions that
counselors perform. When this is done, the requirement is that a counselor makes
judgments about a counselee’s problems and lays out options for a course of action.
3. Reassurance Counseling involves providing clients with reassurance, which is a way
of giving them courage to face a problem or confidence that they are pursuing a suitable
course of action. Reassurance is a valuable principle because it can bring about a sense
of relief that may empower a client to function normally again.
4. Release of emotional tension. Counseling provides clients the opportunity to get
emotional release from their pent-up frustrations and other personal issues. Counseling
experience shows that as persons begin to explain their concerns to a sympathetic
listener, their tensions begin to subside. They become more relaxed and the release of
tensions helps remove mental blocks by providing a solution to the problem.
5. Clarified thinking It tends to take place while the counselor and counselee are
talking and therefore becomes a logical emotional release. As this relationship goes on,
other self-empowering results may take place later as a result of developments during
the counseling relationship. Clarified thinking encourages a client to accept
responsibility for problems and to be more realistic in solving them.
6. Reorientation It involves a change in the client’s emotional self through a change in
basic goals and aspirations. This requires a revision of the client’s level of aspiration to
bring it more in line with actual and realistic attainment. It enables clients to recognize
and accept their own limitations. The counselor’s job is to recognize those in need of
reorientation and facilitate appropriate interventions.
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 Listening skills Listening attentively to clients is the counselor’s attempt to
understand both the content of the clients’ problem as they see it, and the emotions they
are experiencing related to the problem. Good listening helps counselors to understand the
concerns being presented.
7. Respect In all circumstances, clients must be treated with respect, no matter how
peculiar, strange, disturbed, weird, or utterly different from the counselor. Without this
basic element, successful counseling is impossible. Counselors do not have to like the
client, or their values, or their behavior, but they have to put their personal feelings
aside and treat the client with respect.
8. Empathy and positive regard Carl Rogers combined empathy and positive regard
as two principles that should go along with respect and effective listening skills.
Empathy requires the counselor to listen and understand the feelings and perspective
of the client and positive regard is an aspect of respect. For Rogers, clients have to be
given both “unconditional positive regard” and be treated with respect.
9. Clarification, confrontation, and interpretation .Clarification is an attempt by
the counselor to restate what the client is either saying or feeling, so the client may
learn something or understand the issue better. Confrontation and interpretation are
other more advanced principles used by counselors in their interventions.
10. Transference and countertransference .When clients are helped to understand
transference reactions, they are empowered to gain understanding of important aspects
of their emotional life. Countertransference helps both clients and counselors to
understand the emotional and perceptional reactions and how to effectively manage
them.

CORE OF VALUES

1. Respect for human dignity

2. Partnership
3. Autonomy
4. Responsible caring
5. Personal integrity
6. Social justice

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 ACTIVITIES
Activity 1.1 Data Retrieval Chart
Direction: As you read the lesson, fill out the data retrieval chart. Describe it accurately
and briefly.

Principle Description

Advice Counseling

Reassurance Counseling

Release of emotional
tension

Clarified thinking

Reorientation

Listening skills

Respect

Listening skills

Empathy and positive

regard

Clarification,
confrontation, and
interpretation
Transference and
countertransference

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 PROJECT
PROJECT NO.1 Editorial Cartoon
Direction: Select 1 Core Value of Counseling and draw an editorial cartoon
illustrating the chosen core value. Use a short bondpaper.At the back of it, write
your complete name, date of submission and section.

Guide :
1. Determine the core value that is compelling to you.
2. Use symbols that is relevant to the topic.

Criteria Points

Relevance to the topic 20

Creativity, Graphics and Uniqueness 15

Neatness and Mechanics 15

TOTAL 50 points

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Explain why it is important to follow a principle and core values when counseling. Write
your answer on separate paper.

Criteria Points

Relevance to the topic 20

Informative 30

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TOTAL 50 points

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 POST TEST
Directions: Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the
chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. All of the listed below are Core Values of Counseling except:
A. Partnership C. Confidentiality
B. Social Justice D. Responsible caring
2. It is when the Counselor is putting his/her shoe to the client’s feelings to understand more.
A. Respect C. Reorientation
B. Empathy D. Listening skills
3. This requires a revision of the client’s level of aspiration to bring it more in line with actual and
realistic attainment.
A. Respect C. Reorientation
B. Empathy D. Listening skills
4. It can bring about a sense of relief that may empower a client to function normally again.
A. Clarified thinking C. Reorientation
B. Advice Counseling D. Reassurance Counseling
5. A discipline that provides guidance, help and support to individuals through the application of
psychological methods that includes case history data, personal interviews, and aptitudes tests.
A. Social Work B. Counseling C. Demography D. Statistics
6. A Principle of Counseling that takes place while the counselor and counselee are talking and
therefore becomes a logical emotional release.
A. Clarified thinking B. Advice Counseling C. Reorientation D. Reassurance Counseling
7. They exist in a wide range of areas of expertise: marriage, family, youth, student and other life
transitions dealing with managing of issues of loss and death, retirement, divorce, parenting, and
bankruptcy.
A.Council B.Counselors C. Counselist D. Counselers
8. It helps both clients and counselors to understand the emotional and perceptional reactions and
how to effectively manage them.
A. Transference C. Respect
B. Advice Counseling D. Countertransference
9-10. All statements are true except the two:
A. Counseling experience shows that as persons begin to explain their concerns to a sympathetic
listener, their tensions begin to subside.
B. Clarified thinking encourages a client to accept responsibility for problems and to be more realistic
in solving them
C. The counselor’s job is to recognize those No doesn’t need of reorientation and facilitate appropriate
interventions.
D. Counseling is widely considered the heart of the guidance services in schools. In the school
contexts, counseling is usually done as individual or group intervention designed to facilitate
positive change in student behavior, feelings, and attitudes.
E. Counselors have listening just to make the client comfortable .

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Answer key:

PRE TEST
1. Counseling
2. Counselors
3. Respect
4. Empathy
5. Principle

LBTYL
1. SELING
2. SELING
3. SELING
4. SELING
5. SELOR, countertransference

POST TEST
1. C
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. B
6. A
7. B
8. 8D
9. -10 C AND E

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