Student Name: Jasmine Beckles

School Name: Pleasantville Secondary School

Subject: English (School-Based Assessment SBA)

Topic: Human Trafficking and Its Impacts on the Victims

Teacher: Mr. Abraham

Class: 5:5

Group members: Jasmine Beckles,

Tonya Mc Lennan
David Huggins
Celine Booboo

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NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE

1 PLAN OF 3
INVESTIGATION
2 REFLECTION 1 4
3 REFLECTION 2 5
4 REFLECTION3 6
5 GROUP 7-16
REPORTANDSUPPORTING
MATERIALS
6 PLAN OF ORAL 17
PRESENTATION
7 APPENDIX 18-25

8 BIBLIOGRAPHY 26

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 PLAN OF INVESTIGATION

I chose the topic “Human Trafficking and Its Impacts” since it is greatly affecting society and

I hope to use the acquired information to adequately inform and educate my friends and family

members of the tactics and schemes traffickers use, along with safety and prevention measures.

Furthermore, engaging in this research would build my communication skills through increasing

my vocabulary and diction; and my expression/writing and grammatical skills would also show

significant improvement, as a result of extensive reading. I intend to use the internet to source a

poem, a two newspaper articles.

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 REFLECTION 1 - INDICATE HOW EACH PIECE OF
MATERAL HELPED SHAPE MY THINKING ABOUT THE
TOPIC

Material 1: Understanding and Addressing Violence Against Women

Material 2: Shindlar Cuffy's mother: Girl in photo from Venezuela looks like her
Material 3: The Exploitation

Material 1 contained enlightening information on the widespread nature of the human

trafficking industry; how human trafficking scares its victims and the mental and physical trauma

involved. I learnt how both the mental and physical impacts of human trafficking effects its

survivors.

Material 2 gave me insight on how the impacts of a missing human trafficking victim has

on the family. The emotional and physical stress on the body and mind were expressed clearly.it

helped me shape my understanding of how the victims’ family cope with their emotions and their

mental and physical state.

The poem, ‘The Exploitation’, is heart wrenching piece. It depicted the feeling as well as

the image of how inhumane trafficking is. The poem also captivates the reader and shows a deep

visualization on how survivors are stripped of their humanity and their mental sanity.

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 REFLECTION 2 - DISUSS THE USE OF LANGUAGE IN
THE MATERIAL SELECTED

Material 1: Understanding and Addressing Violence Against Women

Material 2: Shindlar Cuffy's mother: Girl in photo from Venezuela looks like her
Material 3: The Exploitation

This article shows the use of statistical data to represent the figures of how many

survivors are raped in human trafficking. The article also used high level vocabulary including

technical terms and formal writing styles; overall, It was quite informative and helped shape my

understanding of the writer’s style better.

This piece shows the impact of grief and raw human emotion. It helped me understand

human emotion and how to express it in my future story pieces.

The poem’s use of repetition and similes helped shape my understanding of emotion in a

literary piece, along with comparisons used to describe the mental health of a survivor. This

piece was informative due to the thorough understanding of a survivor’s emotions.

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 REFLECTION 3 - STATE HOW THE PROCESS OF
DOING THE S.B.A HELPED THE STUDENT TO BECOME
A BETTER PERSON

Material 1: Understanding and Addressing Violence Against Women

Material 2: Shindlar Cuffy's mother: Girl in photo from Venezuela looks like her
Material 3: The Exploitation

Through the completion of this SBA, I have gained insight on the dangers of human

trafficking and the psychological effects it has on its victims. The subtopic I chose to investigate,

opened my eyes to the cruel parts of humanity; through which I was reminded by these articles

and poems that the world is still an unsafe place for women and young children. My knowledge

on the topic broadened. Choosing the artifacts that best suited my subtopic was difficult,

probably due to human trafficking being so internationally widespread; but I was able to narrow

it down to three artifacts that best suit my research. This SBA also assisted with the

understanding of a group setting along with improving communication skills with my

teammates. Lastly, this helped improve my vocabulary as well as; strengthen my researching,

reasoning, and writing skills. I am now more adept in speaking and writing.

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GROUP REPORT

7
GROUP REPORT MATERIALS

8
BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR MATERIALS USED IN GROUP
REPORT

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PLAN OF ORAL PRESENTATION

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 APPENDIX

Material 1: Understanding and Addressing Violence Against Women

Understanding and addressing violence against women

Human Trafficking Human trafficking has received increasing global attention over the past decade. Initially,

trafficking of women and girls for forced sex work and, to a lesser extent, domestic servitude, were the sole

focus of advocacy and assistance. Today, there is recognition that women, children and men are trafficked into

many different forms of labour, and for sexual exploitation. Labour-related trafficking occurs in a wide range

of sectors, such as agriculture, fishing, manufacturing, mining, forestry, construction, domestic servitude,

cleaning and hospitality services. Trafficked people may also be forced to work as beggars or soldiers, and

women and children can be made to serve as ‘wives’. The most widely accepted definition of human

trafficking is found in the United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons

(Box 1) (1). However, definitions of trafficking vary in practice within and among sectors involved with

policy, service entitlements, criminal justice and research.

BOX 1. WHAT IS HUMAN TRAFFICKING? The most widely cited definition of human trafficking is in the

United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons (1): ‘[T]he recruitment,

transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms

of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of

the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another

person, for the purpose of exploitation.’

How common is human trafficking? Precise figures at the global or even local level remain elusive. Reliable

data on trafficking are difficult to obtain owing to its illegal, often invisible, nature; the range and severity of

trafficking activities; and variations in how trafficking is defined (2). These and other factors also blur the

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distinction between trafficked persons, extremely vulnerable migrants and exploited labourers. Individuals may

be trafficked within their own country or across international borders (3). Trafficking is reported to involve

nearly every part of the world – as places of origin/recruitment, transit or destination – and this illegal trade in

humans is believed to reap enormous profits for trafficking agents (4). 2 Although women, men and children

may all be trafficked for various purposes, trafficking is often a ‘gendered’ crime. Current evidence strongly

suggests that those who are trafficked into the sex industry and as domestic servants are more likely to be

women and children (3). Reports on trafficking of males indicate that men and boys are more commonly

trafficked for various other forms of labour, and that these trafficking sectors generally differ by country or

region (5).

What do we know about the health effects of human trafficking? To date, evidence on health and human

trafficking is extremely limited. A systematic review published in 2012 identified 16 studies, all of which

focused on the violence and health problems experienced by trafficked women and girls (6). Most studies

focused on trafficking for forced sex work and only two included data on trafficking for labour exploitation

(6). The health-service needs of victims and survivors have received woefully limited attention (7) –

particularly when compared with law-enforcement and immigration responses to trafficking (8). Because

research on health and trafficking has been conducted almost exclusively on sexual exploitation (9–11),

evidence generally focuses on sexual health (especially related to HIV) (12) and, to a lesser degree, mental

health (13). Knowledge about the health risks and consequences among people trafficked for non-sexual

purposes remains scarce (14). Many trafficking studies rely on data from case-records from services providing

care to repatriated sex-trafficked girls and women. Data have been collected on, for example, HIV status or

other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and health conditions such as tuberculosis (15,16). There have also

been a small number of studies conducted with women who were still in sex work settings (6), but the

application of varying criteria on who was ‘trafficked’ means it is difficult to draw reliable conclusions (6,17).

For people who are trafficked, health influences are often cumulative, making it necessary to take account of

each stage of the trafficking process, as depicted by the conceptual model in Figure 1. At each stage, women,

men and children may encounter psychological, physical and/or sexual abuse; forced or coerced use of drugs

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or alcohol; social restrictions and emotional manipulation; economic exploitation, inescapable debts; and legal

insecurities (18,19). Risks often persist even after a person is released from the trafficking situation, and only a

small proportion of people reach post-trafficking services or receive any financial or other compensation (20).

Sex trafficking and health

To date, few prospective studies have been done on the health needs of trafficking survivors. A 2006

quantitative study in Europe documented the physical, sexual and mental health symptoms experienced by

women trafficked for sexual exploitation (10). In this multi-site survey of approximately 200 women, the

majority reported high levels of physical or sexual abuse before (59%) and during (95%) their exploitation, and

multiple concurrent physical and mental health problems immediately after their trafficking experience (10).

The most commonly reported physical health symptoms included fatigue, headaches, sexual and reproductive

health problems (e.g. STIs), back pain and significant weight loss. Follow-up interviews with the women

revealed that mental health symptoms persisted longer than most of the physical health problems.

Labour trafficking and health

It is important to recognize that women, men and children are trafficked into many forms of labour and

vulnerable to a range of occupational health risks, which vary by sector. The risks can include poor ventilation

and sanitation; extended hours; repetitive-motion activities; poor training in use of heavy or high-risk

equipment; chemical hazards; lack of protective equipment; heat or cold extremes; and airborne and bacterial

contaminants. Exposure to such risk factors can result in exhaustion, dehydration, repetitive-motion

syndromes, heat stroke or stress, hypothermia, frostbite, accidental injuries, respiratory problems and skin

infections (18,21).

Health and other effects associated with trafficking overall

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• Poor mental health is a dominant and persistent adverse health effect associated with human trafficking.

Psychological consequences include depression; post-traumatic stress disorder and other anxiety disorders;

thoughts of suicide; and somatic conditions including disabling physical pain or dysfunction (22).

• Forced or coerced use of drugs and alcohol is frequent in sex trafficking. Drugs and alcohol may be used as a

means to control individuals and increase profits (19,23), or as a coping method or by the trafficked person as a

coping method.

• Imposed social isolation, such as prevention of family contact or restriction of a person’s movements, is used

to maintain power over people in trafficking situations, as is emotional manipulation by the use of threats and

false promises.

• Economic exploitation is widespread. Trafficked people rarely have decisionmaking power over what they

earn and may be charged by traffickers for ‘services’ or ‘supplies’ such as housing, clothes, food or transport.

These usurious practices often lead to ‘debt bondage’ (24).

• Legal insecurities are common for people who travel across borders, particularly when traffickers or

employers confiscate identity documents or give false information about rights, including access to health

services. This may not only limit people’s use of medical services but also lead to unjust deportation or

imprisonment (25). Trafficked people may not be acknowledged as victims of crime but instead treated as

violators of migration, labour or prostitution laws and held in detention centres or imprisoned as illegal

immigrants.

• Trafficked people who return home may go back to the same difficulties they left but with new health

problems and other challenges, such as stigma. For those who try to remain in the location to which they were

trafficked, many encounter the insecurities and stresses found in asylum-seeking and refugee populations (26).

People who manage to leave a trafficking situation, whether they return to their country of origin or not, are at

a notable risk of being trafficked again (27).

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Health rights and services for trafficked people

Article 6, subsection (3) of the United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons

encourages, but does not require, signatory states to provide medical assistance for trafficked persons (Box 2)

(1,2). No guidance is offered on the type of health services that should be made available or when, and under

which circumstances, such provision should be made. BOX 2. GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS TO THE

HEALTH OF TRAFFICKED PEOPLE According to the United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and

Punish Trafficking in Persons: ‘Each State Party shall consider implementing measures to provide for the

physical, psychological and social recovery of victims of trafficking in persons … in particular, the provision

of: (a) Medical, psychological and material assistance’ (1,2). The health sector has an instrumental role to play

in the prevention of trafficking, and care and referral of trafficked people (21). Sexual health outreach workers

and practitioners assisting migrant populations are well placed to address trafficking. For example, health

workers may have opportunities to alert individuals to the risk of human trafficking; identify and refer people

who are in exploitative circumstances; and provide care as part of a post-trafficking referral system (28).

Reports suggest, however, that a great deal of awareness-raising and sensitization is required to enable health

and service practitioners to provide 5 safe and appropriate care in human trafficking cases (29). Key barriers

include language and cultural differences; inadequate information; limited resources; poor involvement of

victims in the decision-making process; lack of training and knowledge on human trafficking and care; and

issues of stigma, discrimination, safety and security (30,31).

What are the best approaches to deal with human trafficking?

For policy-makers and other decision-makers

At a policy level, regulatory steps are needed to increase awareness of the risks of human trafficking,

especially among individuals intending to migrate. Migrant workers in destination settings should have the

same protections and legal redress mechanisms as those in the domestic workforce (32). Recent positive

developments include the 2011 adoption of the Convention on Domestic Workers (33), which includes special

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measures to protect vulnerable members of this employment group, and the Dhaka Principles (34), a guide for

companies on responsible recruitment and employment of migrant workers. Governments should mandate

acute and longer-term provision of health care to trafficked persons. This could be achieved, for example, by

granting such individuals immediate rights to state-supported health services, regardless of their ability to pay

or willingness to participate in a criminal action against traffickers (35), and committing the necessary

financial and human resources.

For health-care providers

Health care providers and organizations involved with trafficked persons should increase their capacity to

identify and refer people in trafficking situations and provide sensitive and safe services to people post-

trafficking. Examples of support for health practitioners working with trafficked people include Caring for

trafficked persons: guidance for health providers, a guide by the International Organization for Migration and

the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Human trafficking – key messages for primary care

practitioners, an online resource provided by the Health Protection Agency in England (21,36).

For researchers and funders

Empirical research on human trafficking is limited. Particularly lacking are studies on larger, more potentially

representative samples of trafficked people, and longer-term studies to better understand post-trafficking health

changes. Empirical data on trafficking of men, their health needs and service access, is especially scarce.

Similarly, more data are needed on trafficking across the full range of labour sectors involved (37). Rigorous

evaluation studies of policies and programmes are needed to identify the most effective counter-trafficking

strategies and most appropriate care for the people affected.

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Material 2
Shindlar Cuffy's mother: Girl in photo from Venezuela looks like her
LAUREL V WILLIAMS
 THURSDAY 28 MAY 2020

GLIMMER OF HOPE: Shondell Shallow, whose daughter Shindlar Cuffy has been missing
since November 2018, speaks with Newsday at her Claxton Bay home on Thursday. PHOTO BY
MARVIN HAMILTON - Marvin Hamilton

An ailing mother saw a glimmer of hope on Tuesday when someone resembling her
missing daughter, Shindlar Cuffy, was spotted in a photo.

The photo shows a girl among a group of people rescued from a human trafficking ring
in Venezuela.

Shondel Shallow, 45, who lives at Rosehill Street in Claxton Bay, is hoping local
authorities work with the Venezuelan authorities to identify the girl.

“It looked like her.

"Shindlar turned 17 in September. I believe she is alive. I want them (officials) to check
it out. It will always be on my mind, not knowing for sure if it was really her,” Shallow
said.

She is a single mother of two.

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“I always think about my two children. We are trying our best to cope with everything.
Wherever she is, she is being held against her will.”

Shindlar was last seen at about 7.30 am on November 26, 2018, when she got into a taxi
on the Southern Main Road, Claxton Bay to go to school. At the time Shindlar was a 16-
year-old form five student of the Marabella North Secondary School. Relatives later
learnt that Shindlar never arrived at school. She disappeared without a trace.

Cuffy has albinism and her hair is blonde.

Speaking at the family’s home, Shindlar's younger sister Shantay Shallow recalled that
their father, Joshua Maynard, sent her a photo collage of Shindlar and the rescued girl
from Venezuela. She then showed it to her mother.

But unlike her parents, Shantay, 15, was uncertain whether the girl in the Venezuelan
photo was her sister.

“I saw a little resemblance, but I am not sure.

"I miss her a lot. I always go on social media to see what information I can get about
her. She is no longer on Facebook,” Shantay said.

Relatives speculated that Shindlar may have been lured by a cult after finding a hand-
written letter in her bedroom. Part of it said the Lord had sent her on a mission and she
had to obey.

They tried contacting a woman identified as Mother Clare who said in a recording that
Shindlar had been renamed Rainbow. The woman had a foreign accent and claims to be
the head of a religious organisation.

Desperate to hear from her sister, Shantay said she sent messages but has not got any
responses. The last message she sent was earlier this year.

“My mother is very sick. She was so sick that for some weeks, she was unable to speak.
She is now talking but is still stuttering at times,” the sister said.

“It was very difficult for me alone to care for her, so we have been staying by Granny
since last year. We do not know what is causing her to be sick.”

Central Division police said they have no leads in the case.

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Material 3: The Exploitation

Mon, 01/13/2020 - 18:52 -- Imalay.S12

Belittled by the MAJORITY they never cared about the MINORITY. They always looked at what had
happened but they had never IMAGINED what was to come. It was catastrophic, they were being
SOLD, TOLD, what  to do, didn’t have anything but the truth. They know that they have to. They
didn’t have an option, they were sold as if they were in an AUCTION. Sold like merchandise but
that’s not very precise. Treated like garbage, no one thought twice. It happened like this,
SEPARATED like laundry BLACK AND WHITE. SLAVERY and IMPERIALISM left people in a dark
light. But that’s not all, it’s the beginning of the story, human trafficking begins, and it shortly
becomes the reason that we cry, the reason that we pry, for information, isn’t it everyone’s
temptation? Correct me if i’m wrong, but I think that now people have nothing to do but sit around.
They want a change but they continue to do the same. MANIPULATION and LOSS OF
MOTIVATION causes people to damage their reputation. They are treated unfairly and don’t know
how to fight the exploitation. Not paid at all and above all they still remain patient. They don’t beg for
a check, instead they stay a wreck. They know that they are not free, they want to flee, away from
the pain, away from the stress and DISASTROUS days. It all comes at a price that they have to pay,
it’s either death or they have to obey. They know that they can’t leave and become a stray, but then
again they don’t want to betray. This is not the worst of it. THEY DIE,GET DISEASE,GET
ISOLATED, and BETTER YET COMES PREGNANCY . If that is bad then there are other things to
see. They think that they have debt but they don’t owe a single thing. Lost their families and their
self-respect while the traffickers still go through BANKRUPTCY. How can you sell all of these people
and not have a single thing, you don’t have a heart and that’s what we all see. There comes a time
when we find a place and how we want to be. It’s called a better future and that means something to
me. There is a bridge that connects us to other places, it’s called the DIFFUSION of other foreign
faces. They come from all around they make their marks on the ground. They know where they
stand, tall and proud. WE all go through HARDSHIPS and we may know a better way but if we stay
sitting down we will go to another place. We know what we hear and we see what we believe and I
believe that in this Earth there is much to see. I take my CULTURE with me and my TRADITIONS
are what I speak. They can make a difference if they spread their ideas, there is a time and place for
people to spread cheer. It’s in their new home that awaits them forever, wherever, whenever, with
whoever. We are not the VICTIMS of our past we live in the present, exploitation is what we
DISAPPROVE of and EXPLOITATION can’t live in our presence.
Poetry Slam: 
Desire to Inspire Scholarship Slam — CLOSED
This poem is about: 
Me
Our world

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bibliography

Organisation, W. H. (2012). Understanding and addressing violence against women. Retrieved from World
Health Organisation:
https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/77394/WHO_RHR_12.42_eng.pdf

Unknown. (2020, 01 13). The Exploitation . Retrieved from Power Poetry :

https://powerpoetry.org/poems/exploitation

Williams, L. V. (2020, 05 28). Shindlar Cuffy's mother: Girl in photo from Venezuela looks like her. Retrieved
from Trinidad and Tobago Newsday: https://newsday.co.tt/2020/05/28/shindlar-cuffys-mother-girl-
in-photo-from-venezuela-looks-like-her/

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