Jasmine Beckles - English A SBA
Jasmine Beckles - English A SBA
Class: 5:5
1
NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE
1 PLAN OF 3
INVESTIGATION
2 REFLECTION 1 4
3 REFLECTION 2 5
4 REFLECTION3 6
5 GROUP 7-16
REPORTANDSUPPORTING
MATERIALS
6 PLAN OF ORAL 17
PRESENTATION
7 APPENDIX 18-25
8 BIBLIOGRAPHY 26
2
PLAN OF INVESTIGATION
I chose the topic “Human Trafficking and Its Impacts” since it is greatly affecting society and
I hope to use the acquired information to adequately inform and educate my friends and family
members of the tactics and schemes traffickers use, along with safety and prevention measures.
Furthermore, engaging in this research would build my communication skills through increasing
my vocabulary and diction; and my expression/writing and grammatical skills would also show
significant improvement, as a result of extensive reading. I intend to use the internet to source a
3
REFLECTION 1 - INDICATE HOW EACH PIECE OF
MATERAL HELPED SHAPE MY THINKING ABOUT THE
TOPIC
trafficking industry; how human trafficking scares its victims and the mental and physical trauma
involved. I learnt how both the mental and physical impacts of human trafficking effects its
survivors.
Material 2 gave me insight on how the impacts of a missing human trafficking victim has
on the family. The emotional and physical stress on the body and mind were expressed clearly.it
helped me shape my understanding of how the victims’ family cope with their emotions and their
The poem, ‘The Exploitation’, is heart wrenching piece. It depicted the feeling as well as
the image of how inhumane trafficking is. The poem also captivates the reader and shows a deep
visualization on how survivors are stripped of their humanity and their mental sanity.
4
REFLECTION 2 - DISUSS THE USE OF LANGUAGE IN
THE MATERIAL SELECTED
This article shows the use of statistical data to represent the figures of how many
survivors are raped in human trafficking. The article also used high level vocabulary including
technical terms and formal writing styles; overall, It was quite informative and helped shape my
This piece shows the impact of grief and raw human emotion. It helped me understand
The poem’s use of repetition and similes helped shape my understanding of emotion in a
literary piece, along with comparisons used to describe the mental health of a survivor. This
5
REFLECTION 3 - STATE HOW THE PROCESS OF
DOING THE S.B.A HELPED THE STUDENT TO BECOME
A BETTER PERSON
Through the completion of this SBA, I have gained insight on the dangers of human
trafficking and the psychological effects it has on its victims. The subtopic I chose to investigate,
opened my eyes to the cruel parts of humanity; through which I was reminded by these articles
and poems that the world is still an unsafe place for women and young children. My knowledge
on the topic broadened. Choosing the artifacts that best suited my subtopic was difficult,
probably due to human trafficking being so internationally widespread; but I was able to narrow
it down to three artifacts that best suit my research. This SBA also assisted with the
teammates. Lastly, this helped improve my vocabulary as well as; strengthen my researching,
reasoning, and writing skills. I am now more adept in speaking and writing.
6
GROUP REPORT
7
GROUP REPORT MATERIALS
8
BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR MATERIALS USED IN GROUP
REPORT
9
PLAN OF ORAL PRESENTATION
10
APPENDIX
Human Trafficking Human trafficking has received increasing global attention over the past decade. Initially,
trafficking of women and girls for forced sex work and, to a lesser extent, domestic servitude, were the sole
focus of advocacy and assistance. Today, there is recognition that women, children and men are trafficked into
many different forms of labour, and for sexual exploitation. Labour-related trafficking occurs in a wide range
of sectors, such as agriculture, fishing, manufacturing, mining, forestry, construction, domestic servitude,
cleaning and hospitality services. Trafficked people may also be forced to work as beggars or soldiers, and
women and children can be made to serve as ‘wives’. The most widely accepted definition of human
trafficking is found in the United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons
(Box 1) (1). However, definitions of trafficking vary in practice within and among sectors involved with
BOX 1. WHAT IS HUMAN TRAFFICKING? The most widely cited definition of human trafficking is in the
United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons (1): ‘[T]he recruitment,
transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms
the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another
How common is human trafficking? Precise figures at the global or even local level remain elusive. Reliable
data on trafficking are difficult to obtain owing to its illegal, often invisible, nature; the range and severity of
trafficking activities; and variations in how trafficking is defined (2). These and other factors also blur the
11
distinction between trafficked persons, extremely vulnerable migrants and exploited labourers. Individuals may
be trafficked within their own country or across international borders (3). Trafficking is reported to involve
nearly every part of the world – as places of origin/recruitment, transit or destination – and this illegal trade in
humans is believed to reap enormous profits for trafficking agents (4). 2 Although women, men and children
may all be trafficked for various purposes, trafficking is often a ‘gendered’ crime. Current evidence strongly
suggests that those who are trafficked into the sex industry and as domestic servants are more likely to be
women and children (3). Reports on trafficking of males indicate that men and boys are more commonly
trafficked for various other forms of labour, and that these trafficking sectors generally differ by country or
region (5).
What do we know about the health effects of human trafficking? To date, evidence on health and human
trafficking is extremely limited. A systematic review published in 2012 identified 16 studies, all of which
focused on the violence and health problems experienced by trafficked women and girls (6). Most studies
focused on trafficking for forced sex work and only two included data on trafficking for labour exploitation
(6). The health-service needs of victims and survivors have received woefully limited attention (7) –
particularly when compared with law-enforcement and immigration responses to trafficking (8). Because
research on health and trafficking has been conducted almost exclusively on sexual exploitation (9–11),
evidence generally focuses on sexual health (especially related to HIV) (12) and, to a lesser degree, mental
health (13). Knowledge about the health risks and consequences among people trafficked for non-sexual
purposes remains scarce (14). Many trafficking studies rely on data from case-records from services providing
care to repatriated sex-trafficked girls and women. Data have been collected on, for example, HIV status or
other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and health conditions such as tuberculosis (15,16). There have also
been a small number of studies conducted with women who were still in sex work settings (6), but the
application of varying criteria on who was ‘trafficked’ means it is difficult to draw reliable conclusions (6,17).
For people who are trafficked, health influences are often cumulative, making it necessary to take account of
each stage of the trafficking process, as depicted by the conceptual model in Figure 1. At each stage, women,
men and children may encounter psychological, physical and/or sexual abuse; forced or coerced use of drugs
12
or alcohol; social restrictions and emotional manipulation; economic exploitation, inescapable debts; and legal
insecurities (18,19). Risks often persist even after a person is released from the trafficking situation, and only a
small proportion of people reach post-trafficking services or receive any financial or other compensation (20).
To date, few prospective studies have been done on the health needs of trafficking survivors. A 2006
quantitative study in Europe documented the physical, sexual and mental health symptoms experienced by
women trafficked for sexual exploitation (10). In this multi-site survey of approximately 200 women, the
majority reported high levels of physical or sexual abuse before (59%) and during (95%) their exploitation, and
multiple concurrent physical and mental health problems immediately after their trafficking experience (10).
The most commonly reported physical health symptoms included fatigue, headaches, sexual and reproductive
health problems (e.g. STIs), back pain and significant weight loss. Follow-up interviews with the women
revealed that mental health symptoms persisted longer than most of the physical health problems.
It is important to recognize that women, men and children are trafficked into many forms of labour and
vulnerable to a range of occupational health risks, which vary by sector. The risks can include poor ventilation
and sanitation; extended hours; repetitive-motion activities; poor training in use of heavy or high-risk
equipment; chemical hazards; lack of protective equipment; heat or cold extremes; and airborne and bacterial
contaminants. Exposure to such risk factors can result in exhaustion, dehydration, repetitive-motion
syndromes, heat stroke or stress, hypothermia, frostbite, accidental injuries, respiratory problems and skin
infections (18,21).
13
• Poor mental health is a dominant and persistent adverse health effect associated with human trafficking.
Psychological consequences include depression; post-traumatic stress disorder and other anxiety disorders;
thoughts of suicide; and somatic conditions including disabling physical pain or dysfunction (22).
• Forced or coerced use of drugs and alcohol is frequent in sex trafficking. Drugs and alcohol may be used as a
means to control individuals and increase profits (19,23), or as a coping method or by the trafficked person as a
coping method.
• Imposed social isolation, such as prevention of family contact or restriction of a person’s movements, is used
to maintain power over people in trafficking situations, as is emotional manipulation by the use of threats and
false promises.
• Economic exploitation is widespread. Trafficked people rarely have decisionmaking power over what they
earn and may be charged by traffickers for ‘services’ or ‘supplies’ such as housing, clothes, food or transport.
• Legal insecurities are common for people who travel across borders, particularly when traffickers or
employers confiscate identity documents or give false information about rights, including access to health
services. This may not only limit people’s use of medical services but also lead to unjust deportation or
imprisonment (25). Trafficked people may not be acknowledged as victims of crime but instead treated as
violators of migration, labour or prostitution laws and held in detention centres or imprisoned as illegal
immigrants.
• Trafficked people who return home may go back to the same difficulties they left but with new health
problems and other challenges, such as stigma. For those who try to remain in the location to which they were
trafficked, many encounter the insecurities and stresses found in asylum-seeking and refugee populations (26).
People who manage to leave a trafficking situation, whether they return to their country of origin or not, are at
14
Health rights and services for trafficked people
Article 6, subsection (3) of the United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons
encourages, but does not require, signatory states to provide medical assistance for trafficked persons (Box 2)
(1,2). No guidance is offered on the type of health services that should be made available or when, and under
which circumstances, such provision should be made. BOX 2. GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS TO THE
HEALTH OF TRAFFICKED PEOPLE According to the United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and
Punish Trafficking in Persons: ‘Each State Party shall consider implementing measures to provide for the
physical, psychological and social recovery of victims of trafficking in persons … in particular, the provision
of: (a) Medical, psychological and material assistance’ (1,2). The health sector has an instrumental role to play
in the prevention of trafficking, and care and referral of trafficked people (21). Sexual health outreach workers
and practitioners assisting migrant populations are well placed to address trafficking. For example, health
workers may have opportunities to alert individuals to the risk of human trafficking; identify and refer people
who are in exploitative circumstances; and provide care as part of a post-trafficking referral system (28).
Reports suggest, however, that a great deal of awareness-raising and sensitization is required to enable health
and service practitioners to provide 5 safe and appropriate care in human trafficking cases (29). Key barriers
include language and cultural differences; inadequate information; limited resources; poor involvement of
victims in the decision-making process; lack of training and knowledge on human trafficking and care; and
At a policy level, regulatory steps are needed to increase awareness of the risks of human trafficking,
especially among individuals intending to migrate. Migrant workers in destination settings should have the
same protections and legal redress mechanisms as those in the domestic workforce (32). Recent positive
developments include the 2011 adoption of the Convention on Domestic Workers (33), which includes special
15
measures to protect vulnerable members of this employment group, and the Dhaka Principles (34), a guide for
companies on responsible recruitment and employment of migrant workers. Governments should mandate
acute and longer-term provision of health care to trafficked persons. This could be achieved, for example, by
granting such individuals immediate rights to state-supported health services, regardless of their ability to pay
or willingness to participate in a criminal action against traffickers (35), and committing the necessary
Health care providers and organizations involved with trafficked persons should increase their capacity to
identify and refer people in trafficking situations and provide sensitive and safe services to people post-
trafficking. Examples of support for health practitioners working with trafficked people include Caring for
trafficked persons: guidance for health providers, a guide by the International Organization for Migration and
the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Human trafficking – key messages for primary care
practitioners, an online resource provided by the Health Protection Agency in England (21,36).
Empirical research on human trafficking is limited. Particularly lacking are studies on larger, more potentially
representative samples of trafficked people, and longer-term studies to better understand post-trafficking health
changes. Empirical data on trafficking of men, their health needs and service access, is especially scarce.
Similarly, more data are needed on trafficking across the full range of labour sectors involved (37). Rigorous
evaluation studies of policies and programmes are needed to identify the most effective counter-trafficking
16
Material 2
Shindlar Cuffy's mother: Girl in photo from Venezuela looks like her
LAUREL V WILLIAMS
THURSDAY 28 MAY 2020
GLIMMER OF HOPE: Shondell Shallow, whose daughter Shindlar Cuffy has been missing
since November 2018, speaks with Newsday at her Claxton Bay home on Thursday. PHOTO BY
MARVIN HAMILTON - Marvin Hamilton
An ailing mother saw a glimmer of hope on Tuesday when someone resembling her
missing daughter, Shindlar Cuffy, was spotted in a photo.
The photo shows a girl among a group of people rescued from a human trafficking ring
in Venezuela.
Shondel Shallow, 45, who lives at Rosehill Street in Claxton Bay, is hoping local
authorities work with the Venezuelan authorities to identify the girl.
"Shindlar turned 17 in September. I believe she is alive. I want them (officials) to check
it out. It will always be on my mind, not knowing for sure if it was really her,” Shallow
said.
17
“I always think about my two children. We are trying our best to cope with everything.
Wherever she is, she is being held against her will.”
Shindlar was last seen at about 7.30 am on November 26, 2018, when she got into a taxi
on the Southern Main Road, Claxton Bay to go to school. At the time Shindlar was a 16-
year-old form five student of the Marabella North Secondary School. Relatives later
learnt that Shindlar never arrived at school. She disappeared without a trace.
Speaking at the family’s home, Shindlar's younger sister Shantay Shallow recalled that
their father, Joshua Maynard, sent her a photo collage of Shindlar and the rescued girl
from Venezuela. She then showed it to her mother.
But unlike her parents, Shantay, 15, was uncertain whether the girl in the Venezuelan
photo was her sister.
"I miss her a lot. I always go on social media to see what information I can get about
her. She is no longer on Facebook,” Shantay said.
Relatives speculated that Shindlar may have been lured by a cult after finding a hand-
written letter in her bedroom. Part of it said the Lord had sent her on a mission and she
had to obey.
They tried contacting a woman identified as Mother Clare who said in a recording that
Shindlar had been renamed Rainbow. The woman had a foreign accent and claims to be
the head of a religious organisation.
Desperate to hear from her sister, Shantay said she sent messages but has not got any
responses. The last message she sent was earlier this year.
“My mother is very sick. She was so sick that for some weeks, she was unable to speak.
She is now talking but is still stuttering at times,” the sister said.
“It was very difficult for me alone to care for her, so we have been staying by Granny
since last year. We do not know what is causing her to be sick.”
18
Material 3: The Exploitation
19
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bibliography
Organisation, W. H. (2012). Understanding and addressing violence against women. Retrieved from World
Health Organisation:
https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/77394/WHO_RHR_12.42_eng.pdf
Williams, L. V. (2020, 05 28). Shindlar Cuffy's mother: Girl in photo from Venezuela looks like her. Retrieved
from Trinidad and Tobago Newsday: https://newsday.co.tt/2020/05/28/shindlar-cuffys-mother-girl-
in-photo-from-venezuela-looks-like-her/
20