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  • Lesson: Digestive System: Activity 1

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    Akane Forest
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    The document provides an overview of the digestive system and its functions. It discusses how food travels through the digestive tract from the mouth to the anus. The major organs of the digestive system include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. It describes the roles of these organs in mechanical and chemical breakdown of food as well as absorption of nutrients. Key functions of the digestive system include ingestion, digestion, absorption and excretion.

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    Learning Activity Sheet

    Original Title

    Digestive System

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    The document provides an overview of the digestive system and its functions. It discusses how food travels through the digestive tract from the mouth to the anus. The major organs of the digestive system include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. It describes the roles of these organs in mechanical and chemical breakdown of food as well as absorption of nutrients. Key functions of the digestive system include ingestion, digestion, absorption and excretion.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    105 views5 pages

    Lesson: Digestive System: Activity 1

    Uploaded by

    Akane Forest
    The document provides an overview of the digestive system and its functions. It discusses how food travels through the digestive tract from the mouth to the anus. The major organs of the digestive system include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. It describes the roles of these organs in mechanical and chemical breakdown of food as well as absorption of nutrients. Key functions of the digestive system include ingestion, digestion, absorption and excretion.

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    of 5

    PAGE 1 of 4

    LESSON: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM


    Learning Competency:
    1. Explain ingestion, absorption, assimilations, and excretion. S8LT-IVa-13

    The food you eat takes an incredible journey through your body -- from top (your mouth) to bottom (your
    anus). Along the way the beneficial parts of your food are absorbed, giving you energy and nutrients. The
    collection of organs responsible for this function is your Digestive System.

    The digestive system is a collection of organs that work together to digest and absorb food. Digestion is the
    process your body uses to break the foods you eat down into molecules your body can use for energy and
    nutrients. The digestive system is one of the most clearly defined in the body. It consists of a long
    passageway, the digestive tract, and associated glands.

    Activity 1
    Directions: Identify the major organs of the digestive system. Write your answers inside the boxes.

    ORGANS OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT

    Q4: Lesson 1 | Digestive System


    PAGE 2 of 4

    Activity 2
    Directions: Complete the table below. Write the function or the description of the organs listed.

    ORGANS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM FUNCTIONS/DESCRIPTION

    Salivary glands

    Esophagus

    Stomach

    Mouth

    Liver

    Pancreas

    Gall bladder

    Large intestine

    Small intestine

    Appendix

    Rectum

    Anus

    1. Ingestion- occurs when materials enter the digestive tract via the mouth.
    2. Mechanical processing- makes the materials easier to propel along
    digestive tract (crushing and shearing of food particles)
    FUNCTIONS 3. Digestion- the chemical breakdown of food into small organic
    OF fragments for absorption by digestive epithelium.
    DIGESTIVE 4. Secretion- is the release of water, acids, enzymes, buffers, and salts by
    SYSTEM the epithelium of the digestive tract.
    5. Absorption- is the movement of organic substrates, electrolytes,
    vitamins, and water across the digestive epithelium tissue.
    6. Excretion- is the removal of waste products from body fluids.

    Read pages 247-252 of your textbook.

    Q4: Lesson 1 | Digestive System


    PAGE 3 of 4

    Six Major Classes of Nutrients


    Carbohydrates Proteins

    Fats Vitamins

    Minerals Water

    Activity 3

    Direction: Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks.


    mouth mastication chew esophagus ileum
    chyme duodenum salivary amylase jejunum stomach
    pancreas peristalsis submandibular buccal parotid

    How are foods broken-down in the body?


    The mechanical breakdown of food occurs mainly in the mouth where the process of digestion
    begins. When we chew, our teeth break or tear food into several pieces to facilitate easier
    digestion. Mastication is the chewing or grinding of food into smaller pieces. The three salivary
    glands, parotid, submandibular, and buccal, secrete saliva that helps soften food. Saliva also
    contains an enzyme, salivary amylase, which helps in the initial digestion of starch.
    After the food is partially broken down in the mouth, it goes down through the pharynx. After the
    pharynx, food now passes through a smaller, but longer muscular tube called esophagus. The
    esophagus brings the food down to the stomach by peristalsis.
    From the esophagus, food is deposited into the stomach, the enlarge saclike portion of the
    digestive tract. The peristaltic movement. And churning action of the stomach muscles further
    crushes and mashes the food. The different gastric enzymes act on the food, helping to digest food
    further. The food that has been thoroughly digested mechanically and chemically is now in a
    semiliquid mass called chyme.
    Then the semi-digested food is delivered to the duodenum- the first part of the small intestine. The
    pancreas then produces pancreatic juice which contains enzymes to digest protein, starch, and fat.
    In the duodenum, the chyme, the pancreatic juice, and bile from the liver are mixed. From the
    duodenum, the mixture is passed into the next section of the small intestine, called the jejunum,
    and then on to the ileum. Digestion of foods is completed in this section of the small intestine, and
    the fats and other nutrients such as glucose, and amino acids are absorbed here through the
    intestinal wall into the bloodstream and then carried to the liver.

    Q4: Lesson 1 | Digestive System


    PAGE 4 of 4

    How food is absorbed


    CARBOHYDRATES
    The digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth, with the addition
    of amylase from our saliva. The digestion of carbohydrates is
    completed in the small intestine from enzymes from the intestinal
    mucosa and pancreatic juices. The carbohydrates are broken down into
    monosaccharides. These monosaccharides are absorbed by the villi in
    the small intestine. The monosaccharides are then diffused into the
    blood stream, so our body can use the molecules where they are
    needed.

    PROTEINS
    Protein digestion starts in the stomach, where it is partly broken down
    with stomach juices. Protein digestion is completed in the small intestine
    with enzymes from the small intestine and pancreatic juices. Large
    protein molecules are broken down into molecules called amino acids,
    which are then absorbed into the villi of the small intestine. The
    molecules are then carried away by the blood and used where our body
    needs them.

    FATS
    Fat molecules are mostly digested in the small intestine by intestinal
    mucosa and pancreatic juices. Fat molecules go through a process that
    turns them into chylomicrons, which are then absorbed by the villi of the
    small intestine. Chylomicrons are then transported in the blood. The
    molecules are then stored for later use or used right away for energy to do
    fun things, or work!

    Read pages 259-263 of your textbook. Read the disorders of the digestive system.

    Evaluation

    I. Test Your Understanding


    A. Multiple Choice. Directions: Answer page 266 of your textbook. Read the direction and write your
    answers below. Shade the corresponding circle of the letter of your answer.

    1. A B C D 6. A B C D

    2. A B C D 7. A B C D

    3. A B C D 8. A B C D

    4. A B C D 9. A B C D

    5. A B C D 10. A B C D

    B. Short Answer
    Direction: Answer the following items briefly.
    1. List the different digestive enzymes. And answer this question, how will digestion be affected if there are
    no digestive enzymes?
    _______________________________________________________________________________________
    _______________________________________________________________________________________
    _______________________________________________________________________________________
    _______________________________________________________________________________________

    2. How is the function and structure of a towel similar to the function and structure of the small intestine?

    Q4: Lesson 1 | Digestive System


    PAGE 5 of 4

    _______________________________________________________________________________________
    _______________________________________________________________________________________
    _______________________________________________________________________________________
    _______________________________________________________________________________________

    Q4: Lesson 1 | Digestive System

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