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Knowledge and Practice of Nurses Towards Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation in Pediatric Patients in Selected Public Hospitals Khartoum - Sudan
Knowledge and Practice of Nurses Towards Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation in Pediatric Patients in Selected Public Hospitals Khartoum - Sudan
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Abstract:- Placing an intravenous cannula for children is assessment of the vein, skin and general look of the child is
one of the nurse’s role in emergency, intensive care unit important prior to the procedure. (2)
or wards. It can be performed for diagnostic, nutritional
or therapeutic reasons. In spite of the development and technology in healthcare
including intravenous therapy but still morbidities like
The overall aim of this study was to assess nurses’ phlebitis is the most occurring complication. (3)
knowledge and practice towards peripheral intravenous
cannulation in pediatric patients. An interventional Due to its invasive nature, transmitting infection may
hospital-based study design, quantitative approach was result and morbidity and mortality among vulnerable children
selected for this work. The study was conducted in two such as neonates or low immune children are expected to
main public hospitals in Khartoum. The study population increase so increasing the level of knowledge and skills of
were Nurses of all categories who worked in the study nurses is recommended. (4).
area during the study period of data collection (60 nurses).
Data collection techniques used are interviewing and Objective
observing. Tools used to collect data are questionnaire The overall aim of this study was to assess the level of
and observational check list. Data was processed and nurses’ knowledge and practice towards peripheral
analyzed by computer program which is SPSS Ver.19.0 intravenous cannulation in pediatric patients.
The study showed a significant relationship between the
educational program and the change in the level of II. METHODOLOGY
knowledge for nurses who participated in the study as the
P.value found to be 0.00 and also significant change in the Study design
practice. So the study concluded that: Nurses are This is an interventional hospital-based study aiming to
motivated to learn as evidenced by the change in their assess the effect of educational program on nurses’
knowledge and practice after implementing the knowledge and practice towards peripheral intravenous
educational program. cannulation in pediatric patients.
The youngest the child’s age, the more need for a skillful Study population
professional for cannulation to eliminate or reduce the risk of The target population of the study were all BScs, MScs,
multi trials due to extremities movement, so a comprehensive diploma nurses who worked in emergency department during
the period of data collection (60 nurses).
The calculated sample size was equal to 384 but the collected Any participant was informed about the aims of study,
data obtained from ( 60 ) participants using consecutive none the right to participate /withdraw and his/her role as a
probability sampling technique. participant, and then a verbal consent was taken.
Data collection tools and techniques: III. THE RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Data about nurses’knowleddge was collected by
interviewing technique using self-administered questionnaire The current study about nurses’knowleddge and
while the nurses practice was assessed by observational practice towards peripheral intravenous cannulation in
checklist during performing the procedure under study. pediatric patients was conducted in two public hospital
Khartoum –Sudan.
The questionnaire composed of three sections:
Frist sections contains the demographic data of the study Majority of participants in both groups were female
participants. 51(85 %) this result is similar to (6) and inconsistent with (1)
The second section contains data of knowledge about the whose findings revealed 37(61.7%) of the participants are
indications or purposes of insertion and the pre-procedural male.
care.
The third section contains data of knowledge regarding Regarding level of education, it is found to be (in both
intra and post-procedural care of patients. groups) 8, 48 and 4 for Diploma, Bsc and Msc. respectively.
Regarding receiving training courses, the current study
Phases of the study: revealed that 24 (40%) didn’t receive training courses,
The study consisted of the following three consecutive 30(50%) nurses received training courses inside the country
phases: while only 6(10%) nurses were trained outside the country in
both groups. Nurses’ knowledge regarding indications for
Pre-intervention phase: peripheral intravenous cannulation in pediatric patients are
A written consent from the hospitals managers was significantly changed in the intervention group post
obtained to carry out the study. The data collection tools educational program as expressed by the P.value equal to
(questionnaire, checklist and the educational program) were 0.002 on the other hand, no significant change in the control
designed including all variables to assess the peripheral group as evidenced by the P.value equal to 0.066.
intravenous cannulation. The research team includes the
researcher and two other researcher assistants who were Selecting the suitable cannula size for the pediatric
selected and trained for the purpose of data collection. patient is an important issue in peripheral intravenous
cannulation, the current study showed significant change in
Interventional phase: nurses’knowleddge pre-and post-educational program with
The interventional phase includes the pre-assessment P.Value equal to 0.00 in the intervention group, this result
and conduction of educational program. So each research was consistent with (7)
team member was assigned to teach a group of 3-4 nurses in
the interventional group the standard knowledge and practice Peripheral intravenous cannula must be removed after
towards peripheral intravenous cannulation. 72 hours or less, the current study reported this good practice
among the intervention group, this finding agreed with (7)
Evaluation phase:
The post-assessment questionnaire was conducted for both Nurses were knowledgeable regarding indications and
interventional and control groups to assess the impact of the purposes of peripheral intravenous cannulation, preparing
educational program nurses’ knowledge and practice towards equipment, appropriate selection of a vein and suitable size of
peripheral intravenous cannulation. cannula for peripheral intravenous cannulation, removal or
changing cannula after 12-72hours, possible complication of
The data processing and analysis: peripheral intravenous cannulation and documentation of the
Data were analyzed using the Statistical Packages for procedure. Moreover, they reflected good level of practice in
Social Sciences (SPSS). Results were presented in the form the intervention group post-educational program.
of simple frequency tables, graphs and cross tabulation to
calculate.
40 36
30
30
24
21
20
10 6
3
0
male female total
control intervention
Fig(1): Gender distribution among Nurses in both intervention and control groups(n=60)
30 28
25
20
20
15
10
4 4 4
5
0
0
Diploma Bsc Msc
control intervention
Fig(2): Level of Education among Nurses in Both Intervention and Control Groups(n=60)
Chart Title
35
30
25 9
20
15
15
10 21
5 0
9
6
0
Didn'nt receive trainning received training inside Received trainning outside
intervention Control
Fig(3): Receiving Training Courses among Nurses in Both Intervention and Control Groups(n=60)
Table (1) The nurses’ Knowledge regarding indications and purposes of peripheral intravenous cannulation in pediatric patients
(interventional & control) (n=60):
Intervention group Control group
Pre- Post- Pre- Post-
No % No % No % No %
Know 16 44.4% 33 91.9% 8 33.6% 10 41.6%
Not Know 20 55.6% 3 8.1% 16 66.6% 14 58.4%
Total 36 100% 36 100% 24 100% 24 100%
Intervention Group: Chi- square = 22.345 P.value = 0.002
Control Group: Chi- square = 8.231 P.value = 0.066
Table (2) The nurses’ Knowledge regarding suitable size of cannula for peripheral intravenous cannulation in pediatric
patients (interventional & control) (n=60):
Intervention group Control group
Pre- Post- Pre- Post-
No % N % No % N %
Know 4 11.1% 28 77.7% 4 16.6% 5 20.8%
Not Know 32 88.8% 8 22.2% 20 83.3% 19 79.1
Total 36 100% 36 100% 24 100% 24 100%
Intervention Group: Chi- square = 36.345 P. value = 0.000
Control Group: Chi- square = Chi- square = 7.231 P. value = 0.056
Table (3) The nurses’ Knowledge regarding appropriate selection of vein for cannula for peripheral intravenous
cannulation in pediatric patients (interventional & control) (n=60):
Intervention group Control group
Pre- Post- Pre- Post-
No % N % No % N %
Know 11 30.5% 28 77.7% 8 33.3% 8 33.3%
Not Know 25 69.4% 8 22.2% 16 66.6% 16 66.6%
Total 36 100% 36 100% 24 100% 24 100%
Intervention Group: Chi- square = 22.231 P. value = 0.001
Control Group: Chi- square = 6.470 P. value = 0.085
Table (5) The nurses’ Knowledge regarding preparation of the patient environment and vein for peripheral intravenous
cannulation in pediatric patients (interventional & control) (n=60):
Intervention group Control group
Pre- Post- Pre- Post-
No % N % No % N %
Know 13 36.1% 32 88.8% 8 33..3% 7 29.1.6%
Not Know 23 63.8% 4 11.1% 16 66.6% 17 70.8%
Total 36 100% 36 100% 24 100% 24 100%
Intervention Group: Chi- square = 22.351 P. value = 0.002
Control Group: Chi- square = 5.232 P. value = 0.078
Table (6) The nurses’ Knowledge regarding possible complications of peripheral intravenous cannulation in pediatric
patients (interventional & control) (n=60):
Intervention group Control group
Pre- Post- Pre- Post-
No % N % No % N %
Know 9 25.0% 30 83.3% 5 20.8% 6 25%
Not Know 18 75.0% 6 16.6% 19 79.16% 18 75%
Total 36 100% 36 100% 24 100% 24 100%
Intervention Group: Chi- square = 27.391 P. value = 0.001
Control Group: Chi- square = 8.242 P. value = 0.095