Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A Review On The Political Awareness of S
A Review On The Political Awareness of S
I. Introduction
As time went by, the young generation in the 21st century, or most commonly
known as ‘millennials’ became more dominant, and have played an important role in
the society. With the recent news about the different happenings in the politics of the
Philippines, the younger generations are expected to participate in the discussions
related to the matter. This is because they are exposed to use mass media. Different
platforms, especially in social media, can make many students politically aware.
However, many students these days are naturally disengaged on this matter. In
relation, one of the main factors as to why young people think politics cannot change
anything is because they are not given a place in participation declaring political
parties, and, as such, refrain from voting.
According to Dr. Jose P. Rizal, the youth is the hope of the country. With this,
the youth has a big role in building the nation. In addition, the 1987 Constitution of
the Philippines states in Section 13, Article II: “The State recognizes the vital role of
the youth in nation-building and shall promote their physical, intellectual, and social
well-being. It shall inculcate in the youth patriotism and nationalism and encourage
their involvement in public and civic affairs.” The participation of young people in the
country's governance has been also recognized as early as 1970 in the Presidential
Decree no. 603 or the Child and Youth Welfare Code. Furthermore, Section 6, Article
IV states: “Youth can actively participate in civic affairs, and in the promotion of
general welfare, always bearing in mind that it is the youth who will eventually be
called upon to discharge the responsibility of leadership, in hope for the nation’s
future.”
1
According to Valdivieso (2014), in the last few years, political involvement of
some citizens has changed considerably. The social and economic environment
where the youth encounter may suggest for the decline of their political awareness.
“An entry into the workplace is increasingly deferred, there has been a prolonged
dependence on parental support. It is suggested that this has delayed the onset of
financial and familial responsibilities and hence, the age at which people begin to
become interested in politics.” (Kimberlee, 1998)
With this, it is shown that knowledge about current events can lead to active
participation in social studies, which help students improve their academic
performance. Understanding politics helps them become more strategic and a
responsible as citizens who knows their own rights. It is good to encourage them to
participate more in governmental matters — political science organizations at
schools, local community elections of youth leaders, the Sangguniang Kabataan
(SK), as well as participating in different congress with regards to politics and
international meetings.
However, it is still a major concern that some students have lack of interest in
politics. Some studies cite the lack of concernment of the young generation towards
politics; other studies also point out the difficulty in understanding politics, and other
related topics about politics. The young generation generally found politicians in low
esteem, along with the lack of trust in them (Bentley and Oakley, 1999) or giving
them respect (Pririe and Worcester, 1998).
2
The purpose of this study is to review the political awareness of Senior High
School students of St. Paul University Manila. The researchers will look at their
political awareness, background knowledge in different topics about the Philippine
Politics, along with their willingness to participate in the politics of the future.
This study aims to review the political awareness of Senior High School
Students of St. Paul University Manila and came up with data that can be used as a
guide to see if the Senior High School Students has knowledge about Political
Related Topics.
1. What is the current political awareness status of the Senior High School
Students of St. Paul University Manila?
2. How broad is the knowledge of the students about political related topics
and how it affects the following:
This study will contribute to the cognizance of the society regarding the
capability of high school students in addressing social issues that root from a
country’s political state. The researchers hope to address the disparity of awareness
that thrive among different generations not only in the Philippines but in other
countries. Within this research comes along the hopes of encouraging students to be
involved in exhibiting awareness of their country’s political condition, with the goal to
give aid to the generation’s struggles to contribute to the tackling of political and
3
social issues.
The outcomes to be considered consist of the following: the improvement of
students’ consciousness regarding political issues; development of positive attitudes
toward politics; increase in students’ competencies to meet demands that would
actively help the society in managing the government or public affairs of a country.
Students
Educators
Community
This study would give benefit to the society considering that it would help
raise political awareness not only to the students of the present generation but also
the forthcoming generations. This, if the awareness of students is successfully
stimulated through the importance of the study.
4
IV. Assumptions of the Study
The research will find out that education has a big factor in their political
awareness.
The research will find out that senior high school students of St. Paul
University Manila has an interest in joining different discussions and debates
about politics.
The research will find out that the students are aware about different Socio-
Political Economic issues.
The research will serve as headstart for the school to give the students some
opportunity in joining to different political conferences and forums.
The focus of the study is to determine how aware the Senior High School
students of St. Paul University Manila are regarding politics and other political related
topics. The study directly involves students as researchers will be using
questionnaires for their assessment. The study will also cover how the students use
their knowledge about the topics in forming their leadership skills and strategies.
However, the study will not cover the students’ opinions about the topics or issues.
5
VI. Definition of Terms
Democracy
Election
- A formal process for the selection of a person for a public office. It is done
simultaneously in every part of the nation. (U.S. Election Assistance
Commission, 2008)
Philippine Citizen
Political Awareness
Politics
- Social activity that is made up of leaders and officials who serve the
government. (Puertollano, 2015)
Youth
- Are those persons between the ages of 15 and 24 years old. (UN
Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, 2017)
6
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents related literature that are found to be helpful in contributing
knowledge for the study. With the hopes of having better comprehension regarding the
study, included in this chapter are bodies of literature that provide conceptual knowledge that
awareness in politics. Rev. Fr. Ambrose Ugo said that the non-inclusiveness of the youth in
politics dawdles the improvement of many countries in the world; Africa, remarkably. The
leaders in the country are fundamentally characterized as “selfish, opulent and wealthy
people.” The short-term goals of the country’s leaders give little justification to the essence of
the youth’s collaboration with leaders to advance a country’s state. To give importance to the
youth’s compliance, Fr. Ambrose said that a nation with zero or 30% youth’s activeness in
politics will always experience growth and developmental sluggishness in the system.
Ambrose suggested the youth be included in political matters, as well as have a say in
In an article written by Maboloc (2015), he has proven the point that the participation
of the youth is significant in carrying a social reform. In addition, politics must begin with the
choice of right principles, but people end up debating about unique personalities and
attributes. The youth is called responsible for the right thing to do: read books and thrive in
education, all for the advance of the country. Without proper education, democracy would
mean nothing. The young Flipino voter must also give the proper importance for thinking,
most especially in making a choice, as the future of the country is reliant on the young.
7
In a study done by Dr. J. K. Saroha (2012), he emphasized that giving the youth a
significant place in politics plays a huge role in the general development of a country.
Something that might seem as minimal as television debates help contribute to the youth’s
political awareness.
In the recent study of Husaini (2012), he pointed out that an essential part of building
a nation is having struggles. This can be justified because even with the proper policies, the
part of improving the country would still involve a lot of sacrifices. Political aspect has most
impact in order to lead a nation towards development. For the case, people who are
equipped with intellect are accountable and important to the process of a nation’s advance.
The study of political awareness enlightens the youth, or whosoever is in service with the
country, the purposes and aspects that empower the political awarness within the nation and
society. The younger generations however, have little interest in government and politics
during the past years. From a list of nine topics, about a quarter (26%) of students identify
politics and government as one of the topics they interest in. In contrast, politics ranks
among the three interests for roughly 34% of Gen Xers and 45% of Baby Boomers. The
lower interest in news among young adults, in addition, is not uncommon to millennials.
During a national survey that involved questioning 3,000 young people, ages 15-25
on how they use the internet, social media and politics, new insights that integrated with the
world’s evolving technology have been found. These insights provide the information that the
youth are engaging in “participatory politics”, which include starting an online political group,
spreading info about a political blog tackling an issue and forwarding political videos to
friends. The difference of the act from formal activities, however, is that “participatory
politics” are interactive, peer-based, and do not submit fully to the qualities of a formal
activity. According to the study of University of Chicago, Kahne (2012), emphasized the
importance of politics, mainly to the youth: Young people are utilizing the internet for the
good of politics, but through time, there emerge challenges that involve the credibility of
8
information – misinformation, and the politics’ potential to promote voice more than
In order to raise the awareness of the students in any political related topics. The
Human Rights Commission of Malaysia, Suhakam, says civil and political rights awareness
among students must be incorporated properly in ordert to raise the voice of the youth to
complement the formal education and training they receive in the university. Suhakam
chairman Tan Sri Hasmy Agam says that any unreasonable hindrance that affect the
student’s practice of rights would hinder a country’s potential for having future leaders. The
curtailment of the students’ basic rights must not be enforced by unversities, so that the
freedom of expression of students are entitled to the same civil, economic, political, social
and cultural rights as all members of the society (Singh, 2015). A great example of this is
Hallom Rofley, a student politician should have a wide knowledge about News nowadays.
Student politician are just basing to the news they tend to read in twitter or in any social
media they have, they do not see what's through it. A student politician should have the
capability of understanding what's the epitome of politics. Students who also vote for the
Students council doesn't have enough information for the person they're voting for.
The lack of awareness of many students in politics leads to some students to seek to
their fellow youth to be interested in politics. In the recent article of Kishimoto (2014), he
pointed out that many students from a university in Japan were frustrated with the political
apathy of their fellow stduents. With this, many students were creatively doing anything to
convince their peers to be aware and have some involvement in the discussion of politics.
Many of them were using social media as a tool to call out other youth. With that, the social
media became as a main source to influence students to be involve in political related topics.
In the study conducted by Raizza Corpuz (2014), she discovered that the generation today
serves as tool to help many people to be politically aware. The same with the study of
(Journel, et. al, 2015) were they found out that blogging of students about politics gains
political efficacy as well as joining discussion about politics. Erron Medina (2017), has also
9
said that the young people are important in nation-building. The youth can also engage in
socio-civic ties through the use of media as an instrument. (Pasek et al., 2006) Media has
also been found the capabilities of the advancement of nationalism among its consumers
and customers in the nation. In summary, the role of media such as social networking sites
like Twitter and Facebook is to serve as tools for information dissemination and at times
engagements.
In the study of (William et. al, 2007), High School Students and Their Political Views,
the beliefs of high school students are very much matched with the beliefs of their
Furthermore in the research, the emphasis of students having the ability and skills is
social studies education. The study also shown the importance of having a foster
Chua and Kuo (1991), emphasized the importance of education in the advancement
of good practices in order to advocate the adoption of good habits and choices among the
youth. This induced the idea that a nation thrives on education, not only economically but
also culturally and psychologically. The study also showed that the political awareness and
functional political literacy such as having citizen and civic sensibility are reliant on the family
The literature and studies gathered determine the following things to consider to
determine if the Senior High School students of St. Paul University Manila are politically
aware and politically engaged. Their awareness to the present political issues are one of the
factors to determine if the student are politically aware. Also, the use of social media plays a
big role in shaping their politacal awareness where they can find different sources regarding
the latest news in the politics of the country. The influence of their parents also contribute to
their political engagement because of the political choices their family has. Lastly, their
willingness to join the different discussions about the politics in the Philippines.
10
Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design, respondents of the study, sample
size, sampling procedure and data collection methods to be used in investigating the
study problem. It also discusses the contents of the research instrument and the
techniques that will be used to analyze the data collected from the field.
I. RESEARCH DESIGN
This study aims to review the awareness and practices of 25 senior high
school students of St. Paul University Manila and come up with data that may use to
see the political awareness of the senior high school students.
The study will use the descriptive research design and intends to use a
questionnaire to gather the needed data to review the political awareness of senior
high school students. It was a four-phased project where the first component focuses
on the definition of research problem, identifying the significance and scope and
limitations of the study and creating assumptions. The first phase includes review of
the current political awareness of the students and the review of related literature.
The second phase will involve the preparation of the data gathering to collect the
socio-demographic profile of the respondents. The third phase will entail the analysis
of interview data followed by the discussion and interpretation of research results
and findings and the formulation of conclusions and recommendations. In the final
phase, the output will serve as a recommendation to make the students politically
aware
11
II. DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE.
12
III. POPULATION AND SAMPLING
The target respondents of the study are twenty-five (25) random senior high
school students of St. Paul University Manila. The data that will be coming from the
respondents will be used to review their awareness regarding politics.
St. Paul University Manila is a private college located at Gen. Malvar St.,
Malate, Manila. The university was previously a woman’s college but turned co-ed in
the beginning of the school year 2005-2006. The senior high school department
currently has a total population of approximately 1,300 students. It is the chosen
area of the research.
IV. INSTRUMENTATION
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
Section (1) will draw information about the socio-demographic profile of the
respondents, which include name, gender, and level of education.
Section (3) will determine the stage of practice of the respondents in acquiring
information about politics and the involvement of the respondents in politics
appropriate for their age and level of education. The questions regarding the practice
and the involvement of the respondents are about the efforts of the respondents in
13
understanding politics and in reacting to political issues. The questions were
answerable with “always” “sometimes” or “never”.
Section (4) of the questionnaire will evaluate the knowledge and awareness of
the respondents about politics in the Philippines through a short quiz. The short quiz
is consists of twenty-five (25) questions that are regarding to the political related
topics in the Philippines.
14
Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter discusses the data analysis and findings from 25 questionnaires
completed by random senior high school students of St. Paul University Manila. The
purpose of the study is to determine how aware the Senior High School students of
St. Paul University Manila are regarding politics and other political related topics.
The data from the questionnaires were analyzed using a qualitative approach.
The findings are discussed according to the sections of the questionnaire. The four
sections of the questionnaire were
15
I. PERSONAL (BIOGRAPHIC) DATA
This section of the questionnaire covered the respondents’ age and class
section. Though not central to the study, the personal data helped contextualize the
findings and the formulation of appropriate recommendations to enable more
students to be politically aware.
Respondents' Age
1
3 6
16 years old
17 years old
18 years old
21 years old
15
The Senior High School respondents’ ages ranged from 16 to 21 years old, with the
majority being 17 as 15 respondents were at this age.
16
Figure 4.3 Respondents’ Section
Respondents' Section
2
5 St. Augustine
St. John
7 St. Anthony
3 St. Benedict
St. Patrick
3 5 St. Ignatius
The respondents came from 6 sections. Most respondents came from St. Patrick
with 7 respondents. The section with the least number of respondents was from St.
Ignatius with 2 respondents.
17
II. AWARENESS ON POLITICAL RELATED TOPICS AND ISSUES
Figure 4.2: Are you aware in current political issues the Philippines have?
Yes
11
No
14
Maybe
Figure 4.2 reveals that there are 14 who answered “Yes” or they have awareness
about current political issues of the country and 11 who answered “Maybe” which
shows that they may have a little knowledge about the current political issues.
18
Figure 4.3: Do you give comments about the changes the government are
doing and will do in the future?
Yes
10
13 No
Maybe
Figure 4.3 reveals that there are 13 of respondents who are giving their comments
about the changes of the government are doing while there 2 who will not give any
comments. Lastly, there are 10 who answered “Maybe” or may or may not give their
comments about the changes the government is doing.
19
Figure 4.4: Do you consider yourself to have an interest in Philippine Politics?
6
9 Yes
No
Maybe
10
Figure 4.4 reveals that there are 9 of the respondents answered “Yes” or they have
an interest in Philippine politics while there are 10 who do not have an interest in
Philippine Politics. Lastly, there are 6 considered themselves who may or may not
have an interest in politics.
20
Figure 4.5: In the future, do you consider voting for National Elections?
6
Yes
1 No
Maybe
20
Figure 4.5 reveals that there are 20 respondents who answered “Yes” or they are
considering voting in National Elections and there is 1 respondent who answered
“No” or who not consider to vote in National Election in the future. Lastly, there are 4
who may or may not consider voting in National Elections.
21
Figure 4.6: Are you open in joining different discussions about politics or
other related topics?
6
Yes
No
3 14 Maybe
Figure 4.6 reveals that 14 of the respondents are willing to join in the discussion
about politics and other related topics while there 3 who not open in joining
discussion about politics. Lastly, there are 8 who may or may not be willing to join in
discussion in politics.
22
III. STAGES IN ACQUIRING INFORMATION ABOUT POLITICS
Figure 4.7: Do you inquire to social media to get some latest updates about
politics?
10 Always
Sometimes
15 Never
Figure 4.7 reveals that there are 10 respondents who are always using social media
in inquiring information about politics while there are 15 who sometimes use the
social media to inquire information about politics.
23
Figure 4.8: Do you share your thoughts about trending political issues you
saw in social media?
4 3
Always
Sometimes
Never
18
Figure 4.8 reveals that there are 3 respondents who are sharing their thoughts about
trending issues about while 18 of the respondents are sometimes share their
thoughts about political issues. Lastly, there are 4 who do not share their thoughts
about politics.
24
Figure 4.9: Do you acquire some information about politics through your
peers?
0
5
Always
Sometimes
Never
20
Figure 4.9 reveals that there are 5 respondents who always acquire information
about politics through their peers while there are 20 of the respondents who
sometimes acquire information about politics through their peers.
25
Figure 4.10: Do you hear political discussions through your parents?
10 Always
Sometimes
15 Never
Figure 4.10 reveals that there are 10 of the respondents who always hear political
discussion through their parents while there are 15 who sometimes hear political
discussion through their parents.
The Section 4 of the survey was designed as a short quiz to further analyze
the awareness and knowledge of the respondents about Philippine Politics. It is
divided into three (3) parts:
26
C. The Awareness Check- this part of the survey has a set current political
related issues in the Philippines. The respondents are requested to write at least
seven (7) issues that they know. This is to see which political issues were prominent
to the senior high school students.
01
3 Three Correct Answers
Two Correct Answers
One Correct Answer
Zero Correct Answer
No Answer
21
Figure 4.11 reveals that majority, which is 21, got a perfect score of three while there
are 3 who got a score of 2. Lastly, there is 1 who had a zero score.
27
4.12: Heads of Three (3) branches of Philippine Government
Figure 4.12 reveals that there are 11 of the respondents who got a perfect score of
11 while 5 who got a score of three. There are 4 respondents who got a score of two
and one respectively. Lastly, there is 1 who got the score of zero in the test.
28
4,13: Awareness about Current Political Issues
Figure 2 reveals that the topic that the respondents are most aware of is the issue
about the Jeepney Modernization Program with 23 votes. Meanwhile, the issue
regarding Extrajudicial Killings got 22 votes. Some of the topics that got the least
votes were the issue of Alleged Hidden Wealth of Pres. Duterte and Kadamay
Protest.
29
Chapter 5
The focus of the study was to review the political awareness of Senior High
School Students of St. Paul University Manila. The background of the research
problem covers the current political awareness status and the knowledge about
political-related topics of the senior high school students. The study uses descriptive
research method and uses questionnaire which was designed to review the political
awareness and knowledge of the students. The total respondents comprised of of
senior high school students with the age ranged from 16-21 years old. The whole
sample consists of total of twenty-five (25) students with eleven (11) males and
fourteen (14) females.
30
The Section 4 of the survey was designed as a short quiz to further analyze
the awareness and knowledge of the respondents about Philippine Politics. Majority
of the respondents know the “Three branches of Philippine Government” but some
do not know the current leaders of each branch. The last part of the short quiz shows
that out of 15 political issues the Philippines have, the topic that the respondents are
most aware of is the issue about the Jeepney Modernization Program with 23 votes.
Meanwhile, the issue regarding Extrajudicial Killings got 22 votes.
II. Conclusion
According to the findings of this research study, these are the following
conclusions:
The Senior High School students of St. Paul University Manila are aware
about current political related topics and issues. However, many of the students are
not willing to join any discussions about these topics. It can conclude that they are
engage well in expressing their thoughts to the public since there is a chance of an
argument to other people if they do not in favor to their comments. Interestingly,
many students expresses that they do not have an interest about Philippine politics
because it may find them a boring or too much for them to know and to discuss. The
lacking of good education contributes why they are not interested in politics. They
are aware but they do not have an interest on the current Socio-Political Economic
Problems and Issues the Philippines have. On the other hand, the respondents see
the importance in voting as matter for them. However, due to inappropriate political
environment they may also feel that nothing will happen in the country after the
elections.
The mass media plays a big role on disseminating information about current
political related topics and issues. Through the use of the internet, the respondents
are aware about current local political issues and international issues as well. Their
awareness may not directly help them in forming their leadership capabilities in their
school and community since many are not interested in politics but aware on it.
31
III. Recommendations
- Allow the students to join different convention or congress that will engage
them in politics.
- Schools should further educate the students towards political awareness.
- Conduct this study again and add more respondents to further study more the
political awareness of the senior high school students.
32
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Blog Post
- Miller, A. (2012, September 13). We Need Youth to Care. From
www.huffington.com/aaron-miller/we-need-youth-to-care/b11887802
- Raffey, H. (2016, September 26). My Experience of Students Politics. From
www.huffington.com.uk/hallom-roffey/students-politics-b/2186566.html.
Book
- Colby, A. (2010). Educating for Democracy: Preparing Undergraduates for
Responsible Political Engagement. New York. The Carnegie
Foundation For Advancement Teaching.
- Krzywosz, B (2017). Young People and Active Citizenship in Post-Soviet
Times. New York. Routledge Publishing House.
Online Article
- EACEA National Politics Platform (2017, March 3). Raising Political
Awareness among Young People. From
https//.eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-politics/en/content/youth-wiki/58-
raising-political-awareness-among-young-people
- Ewens, H. (2014, July 7). This Kid Made an App that Exposes Sellout
Politicians. From
https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/ppa8wm/greenhouse-app-hanna-
ewens-nick-rubin-20/
- Flecher, A. (2016, January 20). Youth and Politics. From
https://freechild.org/youth-and-politics
- Harzog, S. (2007, May 3). Youth in Politics: How Politics Can Attract the
Youth. From https://www.fnf.org.ph/news/how-political-parties-can-
attract-the-youth.htm.
- Kishimoto, T. (2014, October 20). Students seek to raise Political Awareness
among fellow young people. From
https/www.japantimes.com/jp/news/2014/10/20/national/#Wng-
5q6wblV
- Maboloc, C.R. (2015, October 26). From http://opinion.inquirer.net/89783/the-
filipino-youth-political-responsibility.
- Mitchell, A. et al. (2015, June 1). Political Interest Lower among Millenials.
From
https.www.journalism.org/2015/06/01/political.interest.and.awareenss.l
ower.among.millenials
- Russel, W.B. et al. (2007, January 1). High School Students and their Political
Views. From www.nssa.us/2007-28-1/3tm.
- Singh, R. (2015, April 15). Political Awareness a good thing among students
33
say Sukalam. From www.rakyatpost.com/news/political-awareness-a-
good-thing-among-students-say-sukalam.
- Sprabary, A. (2015, November 10). Time for students to increase political
awareness. From https.//star.txtstate.edu. /2015/11/10/time-for-
students-to-increase-political-awareness.
- Sunday, N. (2017, November 26). Cleric calls for youth inclusiveness. From
https//www.vanguard.com/2017/11/26/cleric-calls-youth-inclusiveness-
politics//
- University of Chicago (2012, June 26). Social Media Powers Youth
Participation in Politics. From
http://www.sciencedaily.com/readers/2012/061120626121043
- Valdivieso, M. (2014, October 27). What happened to Political Participation?
From https:www.iapss.org/wp/2014/110127/what-happened-to-political-
participation
Research Studies
- Anvar, A. et al. (2015). Political Awareness among UTP Student; An Effective
Tool to Empowerment Nation. From http://bit.ly.2FdyKb2
- Ahmed, R. (2010). Role of News Talk Show in Creating Political Efficacy
among Youth. From http://bit.ly/2oFEV12
- Brett, L.M. (2015). Blogging about Politics: A Study of Students Political
Engagement and a Teacher’s Pedagogy during Semester Long
Political Blog Assignment. From http://bit.ly/2CXophl
- Carpini, M (1993). Measuring Political Knowledge: Putting First Things First.
From http://bit.ly/2HZuAOA
- Corpuz, R. (2014). The New Symbol of Political Awareness: Social Media
Catalyst. From http://bit.ly?2FbRAyU
34