ENGLISH 7

QUARTER I
APPRECIATING MY SELF
LESSON 1: SEARCHING FOR MY BEGINNINGS
LESSON 2: RECALLING MY ANCESTOR’S BELIEFS
LESSON 3: CONNECTING TO MY PAST
LESSON 4: LEARNING FROM MY BEGINNINGS
LESSON 5: VALUING MY ELDERS’ WISDOM
LESSON 6: CELEBRATING MY HEROES’ BELIEFS

QUARTER II
BUILDING RELATIONSHIPS

Content Standard
The learner demonstrates understanding of how Philippine Literature during the Period of Apprenticeship and other
text types through employing various listening, viewing, and reading strategies; locating library resources; using phrases,
clauses, sentences, literal and figurative languages and verbal and non-verbal cues in oral communication serve as means
of building a positive and healthy relationship.

Performance Standard
The learner creatively presents a summary of a formal essay/informative article about building relationship.

PRE-TEST
Direction: Read the following items carefully and copy the letter of the most appropriate word/group of words that
completes each statement/sentence.
1. A representation of a person in a story is _______________.
a. Setting
b. Climax
c. Character
d. Plot
2. This is the opposition between or among characters or forces in a story that shapes or motivates the action of the
plot _______________.
a. Exposition
b. Conflict
c. Resolution
d. Denouement
3. Literal meaning is defined as ____________
a. Basic meaning
b. Functional meaning
c. Hidden meaning
d. Idiomatic meaning
4. The figure of speech that uses like or as in comparison is called a ____________.
a. Metaphor
b. Simile
c. Personification
d. Hyperbole
5. The word “apprehension” means _____________.
 a. Dread
b. Joy
c. Sadness
d. Anger
6. The place in school that you go to for research is _____________.
a. Library
b. Office
c. Canteen
d. Classroom
7. There are three cards that you can find in the library, EXCEPT ____________.
a. Author card
b. Subject card
c. Identification card
d. Title card
8. A summary must have a/an __________________.
a. Longer version of the original
b. Shorter version of the original
c. Rewritten version of the original
d. Opinionated version of the original
9. It is a group of related words within a sentence and without both subject and verb ____________.
a. Clause
b. Phrase
c. Question
d. Sentence
10. The shortening of a text using your own words is __________.
a. Paraphrase
b. Précis
c. Summary
d. Title
11. In this sentence that has a metaphor, the unlike objects which are being compared are ______________.
As the teacher entered the room, he muttered under his breath, “This class is like a three-ring circus!”
a. Room and class
b. Class and circus
c. Teacher and room
d. Circus and teacher
12. In this sentence, the italicized words makeup a phrase. It is a verb phrase which contains the helping/auxiliary verb
____________.
The student had just cleaned the classroom when the teacher knocked over the flower vase.
a. Had
b. The
c. Just
d. Over
13. The following is an example of a ________________.
The librarian’s voice affected us like fingernails scraping across a chalk board.
a. Simile
b. Metaphor
c. Hyperbole
d. Personification
14. The underlined part of the sentence is a/an _____________.
At the end of recess, the students ran into the room.
a. Prepositional phrase
b. Noun phrase
 c. Verb phrase
d. Adjective phrase
15-17. Locate the prepositional phrase and identify the preposition including its object.
The language book is on the shelf.
15. Prepositional phrase: _______________
16. Preposition: ______________________
17. Object of the preposition: ______________

Read the paragraph and answer the questions that follow:

A myth is a story that tries to explain the beginning of things, often involving supernatural beings. A myth is a
traditionally believed to be true, and is spread by word of mouth during earliest times of human history. It usually tells stories
of natural phenomenon and the adventures of gods and goddesses, heroes and monsters. To this day, myths are still a
source of fantasies and adventures.
18. The statement that best summarizes the paragraph is ________________.
a. A myth is a story involving creation.
b. A myth is a story of heroes and gods and natural events.
c. A myth is a story of early people and heroes similar to legends.
d. A myth is a traditional tale of the origin of things or events with divine participation.
19. A plot summary ______________.
a. Shares the lesson of a story
b. Tells the story using the author’s words
c. Retell the story’s most important events
d. Includes all the details as narrated in a story.
Read the paragraph and copy the letter of the word/group of words that completes each numbered item.
The group joined a dance contest. They tried to come up with the best performance that the group could have, but
as they received the comments from the audience, they got annoyed. First, someone told the performance was an imitation
even it was an original concept. Then, another comment from the audience came out pointing at the execution of every
movement seemed unrehearsed and like a twisted metal spring when the execution of the movement was well-coordinated.
Another was a comment that the performance was a complete disaster even if they received the loudest and longest
applause from the audience. The group remained patient and continued to hope that they would bring home the bacon.
Surprisingly, in spite of the comments given by the audience still the group was declared as the champion.

20. This passage is an example of a/an __________________.

a. Hyperbole
b. Irony
c. Metaphor
d. Personification
Arrange the details chronologically based on the selection. Write only the letters to indicate the numbers. Use the letter A to
E.
21. The group hoped that they would win the contest.
22. Someone commented on the unsynchronized movement of the group.
23. The group joined and performed in a dance contest.
24. The group won the contest.
25. The audience believed that the performance was a total failure.
26. Refer to the selection on page 1. The following are the importance of the signal words, first, then, and another, used
in the selection except for: __________.
a. Help the readers to easily understand the flow of events
b. Logically connect all the details found in the story
c. Serve as guide for readers to read the selection chronologically
d. Make the reading more interesting and enjoyable
Tell whether each statement is figurative or literal language.
27. They received the loudest and longest applause from the audience.
 28. They hope to bring home the bacon.
29. The group was declared as the champion.
30. The performance was a complete disaster.
Identify whether the phrase is an adjective or adverb phrase.
31. The execution of every movement seemed unrehearsed.
32. They received the comments from the audience.
33. They tried to come up with the best performance.
Use the following phrases and clauses in sentences.
34. When she received the text message
35. At the moment
36. With his classmate
37. To the office
38. After doing the assignment
For items 39-44: Change the declarative sentences into Yes-No Questions.
39. Claire likes to watch drama.
40. Jovita and Sally went to a nearby shopping mall.
41. Mrs. Abalos plans to retire soon.
42. Boys are fond of cars.
43. Belen writes urban legends.
44. Cristy is a loving daughter.
For items 45-50: Study the library card below and give what are being asked.
400.4 Living Effectively Through English M4
Morgan, Divina
The Dynamics of Using Effective English
Canada: Language Linkages
C 2002
300 pp.
45. What type/kind of card is this?
46. Who is the author of the book?
47. What is the title of the book?
48. Where and when was it published?
49. How many pages does the book have?
50. What is M4?

LESSON 1: VALUING ONE’S FAMILY

1. The Centipede by Rony V. Diaz
2. Verbal and Non-Verbal Cues
3. Conflict: External or Internal
4. Literal and Figurative Languages
5. Phrase
6. Noun phrase
7. Verb phrase
8. Summary
9. Kinds of Cards: Author, Title and Subject Card

LESSON 2: RECOGNIZING BEAUTY IN OTHERS

1. Gifts for the City by Shirley Mary de Leon
2. Simile
3. Metaphor
4. Prepositions
5. Prepositional Phrase
LESSON 3: BEFRIENDING OTHERS
1. The Stranger by Ismael V. Mallari
2. Personification
3. Paraphrasing
4. Major Parts of the Book
5. Friend by Godofredo Rivera
6. Guidelines in Making a Book Jacket

LESSON 4: ADAPTING TO PEERS

1. Imagery
2. Irony
3. Clause
4. General References

LESSON 5: LOVING OTHERS

The Bread of Salt by NVM Gonzales

Oxymoron – is figure of speech which employs contradictory words. Generally, the oxymoron words appear together in
one sentence. An oxymoron is not meant to confuse readers, but is used to add flavour and dramatic effect to speech.

Examples:
Original copy
Found missing
Old news
Peace force
Deafening silence

Declarative Sentence – a sentence that aims to make a statement about a fact, makes a point, or state an idea.
This type of sentence helps you develop your ideas. Declarative sentences end in a period.

Example:
1. He was twenty-two. (stating a fact)
2. I had felt too weak to refuse. (making a point)
3. She would perhaps never write back. (stating an idea)

LESSON 6: SHARING POSITIVE AND HEALTHY RELATIONSHIPS

Footnote to Youth by Jose Garcia-Villa

Paradox – is a figure of speech which appears to contradict itself but can be true. It is a literary device used by authors to
show contradictory ideas in a thought-provoking style. A paradox has a distinct appeal because it is usually perceived as
illogical and untrue, but after a second look, it contains a grain of truth.

Examples:
1. I must be cruel to be kind.
Meaning: if you are concerned with a person, you need to be frank and tell them their mistake even if it will hurt
them.
2. Child is father of the man.
Meaning: man’s habits are the results of his childhood ways.
3. The swiftest traveller is he that goes afoot.
Meaning: if one travels on foot, he must walk fast.
A paradox is similar to oxymoron. But do not get confused. A paradox is generally understood if you read a statement as a
whole, while an oxymoron is a two-word contradictory term found within a sentence.

Example:
Oxymoron: What he said is a true lie. (The contradiction is plainly seen in the two-words: true and lie. We know that what
was said is false.)
Paradox: Believe me, I always lie. (The contradiction is observed in the meaning of the sentence: Is the speaker’s message
true or not?)

Direction: identify the figure of speech used in each sentence. Write P if the sentence is Paradox; and write O if Oxymoron.

___O__1. At seventeen, Dodong is just an old kid.

__bonus___2. What a pity that youth must be wasted on the young.
__P___3. The youth are old while the old go back to childhood.
___O__4. Sometimes, love is a sweet poison.
___P__5. The story contains a nightmare that leads to good sleep.
___O__6. Dodong’s story is a funny tragedy.
___P__7. Adulthood is the beginning of the end of innocence.
__bonus___8. Experience is a great teacher; it gives the test first, before the lesson.
__P__9. It is better to give than to receive.
_P__10. In order for a seed to grow, it must die.

Total correct answers = 32

Interrogative Sentence – is a sentence which asks for information. It is a sentence that states a question and requires a
response. It ends with a question mark. Interrogative sentences start with WH Questions.

Change the following sentences into WH questions.

1. Dodong wants to marry Teang.

Who wants to marry Teang?
2. He wants to marry because he thinks he is old enough.
Why he wants to marry?
3. Dodong is seventeen years old.
How old is Dodong?
4. They live in a barrio.
Where they live?
5. The story is about youth and love.
What is the story about?

Change the sentences into WH question.

1. The time is 8:15 in the morning.
2. The watch is worth 150 pesos.
3. I am going to the school canteen.
4. My teacher lives in Lopez.
5. I care for my parents.

Yes/No questions are questions are questions that can be answered with a yes or a no response. Yes/no questions are
usually formed by inverting the be verb and the subject.

Examples:
Sentence: You are still young.
You write essays.
Question: Are you still young?
Do you write essays?

Transform the following sentences into Yes/No Questions.

1. Dodong is too young to get married.
2. The father has objections.
3. Teang is a good wife and mother.
4. The children make their parents happy.
5. Blas follows the footsteps of his father.
Does Blas follows the footsteps of his father?

Formal Essay – is a piece of writing that informs or persuades its audience. In general, formal essay has three parts: an
introduction, body parts and conclusion.
Introduction – contains techniques that grab reader’s attention such as famous quotes, statistics, or interesting questions. It
contains the main idea of an essay.

Body – contains paragraphs that support the main idea of the essay. The details, examples and explanations are included
in this part of an essay.
Conclusion – is the last paragraph of the essay. It contains the restatement of the main idea of the essay and a summary of
the main points.
Informative Article – is any piece of writing that educates readers on a certain topic. Expository essay is an example of
informative article.
Expository essay – is an essay written to explain a process, compare viewpoints, analyze data or educate the reader on
how to do something.

QUARTER III
BLENDING WELL IN A DIVERSE SOCIETY
LESSON 1: ACKNOWLEDGING DIVERSITY
Pliant like the Bamboo
by I.V. Mallari
Page 304

Task 5.3: VocaBox

You will find five boxes containing four words. Copy the word which does not belong in the group.
Box1:
a. Robust
b. Strong
c. Sturdy
d. Weak
Box 2:
a. Bends
b. Bows
c. Stands
d. Yields

Box 3:
a. Benevolent
 b. Cruel
c. Relentless
d. Rude
Box 4:
a. Cooperate
b. Embrace
c. Protest
d. Welcome
Box 5:
a. Bendable
b. Flexible
c. Pliant
d. Stiff

Assignment:
Find the meaning of your answers.
1. Weak – not strong
2. Stands – upright position
3. Benevolent – to do good
4. Protest – strong disapproval
5. Stiff – not able to move

Pliant like the Bamboo

by I.V. Mallari
Page 304

1. What does “pliant” mean?

2. How does the bamboo show its pliancy?
3. Can a person be pliant too? How?

Pliant like the Bamboo

by I.V. Mallari

There is a story in Philippine folklore about a mango tree and a bamboo tree. Not being able to agree as to which
was stronger of the two, they called upon the wind to make decision. The wind blew hardest. The mango tree stood fast.
It would not yield. It knew it was strong and sturdy. It would not sway. It was too proud. It was too sure of itself. But
finally its root gave way, and it tumbled down.
The bamboo tree was wiser. It knew it was not as robust as the mango tree. And so every time the wind blew, it
bent its head gracefully. It made loud protestations, but let the wind have its way. When finally the wind get tired of
blowing, the bamboo tree still stood in all its beauty and grace.

If you will become one of the trees in the story, who will you choose to be? Why?

The Filipino is like the bamboo tree. He knows that he is not strong enough, to withstand the onslaught of superior forces.
And so he yields. He bends his head gracefully with many loud protestations.
And he has survived. The Spaniards came and dominated him for more than three hundred years. And, when the
Spaniards left, the Filipinos still stood-only much richer in experience and culture.
The Americans took place of the Spaniards. They used more subtle means of winning over the Filipinos to their
mode of living and thinking. The Filipinos embraced the American way of life more readily than the Spaniards vague
promises hereafter.
 Then the Japanese came like a storm, like a plague of locusts, like a pestilence – rude, relentless, cruel. The
Filipino learned to bow his head low, to “cooperate” with the Japanese in their “holy mission of establishing the Co-
Prosperity Sphere.” The Filipino had only hate and contempt for the Japanese, but he learned to smile sweetly at them and
to thanks them graciously for their “benevolence and magnanimity.”
And now that the Americans have come back and driven away the Japanese, those Filipinos who profited most
from cooperating with the Japanese have been loudest in their protestations of innocence. Everything is as if the Japanese
had never been in the Philippines.

As a Filipino, will you consider yourself like the bamboo? Why? Why not?

For the Filipino would welcome any kind of life that the gods would offer him. That is why he is contented and happy
and at peace. The sad plight of other people of the world is not his. To him, as to that the ancient Oriental poet, the past is
already a dream, and tomorrow is a vision; but today, we’ll lived, makes every yesterday a dream of happiness, and
tomorrow is a vision of hope.
This may give you the idea that the Filipino is a philosopher. Well he is. He has not evolved a body of philosophical
doctrines. Much less has he put them down into a book, like Kant for example, or Santayana or Confucius. But he does
have a philosophical outlook on life.
He has a saying that life is like a wheel. Sometimes it is up, sometimes it is down. The monsoon season comes,
and he has to go undercover. But then the sun comes out again. The flowers bloom, and the birds sing in the trees. You cut
off the branches of a tree, and, while the marks of the bolo are still upon it, it begins to shoot forth new branches-branches
that are the promise of new color, new fragrance and new life.
Everywhere about him is a lesson in patience and forbearance that he does not have to learn difficulty. For the
Filipino lives in a country on which the gods lavished their gifts aplenty. He does not have to worry about the morrow.
Tomorrow will be only another day – no winter of discontent. Of he loses his possessions, there is the land and there is the
sea, with all the riches that one can desire. There is plenty to spar – for friends, for neighbours and for everyone else.
No wonder that the Filipino can afford to laugh. For the Filipino is endowed with saving grace of humor. This humor
is earthly as befits one who has not indulged in deep contemplation. But it has enabled the Filipino to shrug his shoulders in
times of adversity and say to himself “Bahala na”.
The Filipino has often been accused of being indolent and of lacking initiative. And he has answered back that no
one can help being indolent and lacking in initiative who lives under the torrid sun which saps vitality.
This seeming lack of vitality is, however, only one of his means of survival. He does not allowed the world to be too
much with him. Like the bamboo tree, he lets the wind of chance and circumstances blow all about him; and he is
unperturbed and serene.

Do you agree with the writer’s description of the Filipinos? Why? Why not?

The Filipino, in fact, has a way of escaping from the rigorous problems of life. Most of his art is escapist in nature. His
forefathers wallowed in the moro-moro, the awit, and the kurido. They loved to identify themselves as gallant knights battling
for the favours of fair ladies or the possession of hollowed place. And now he himself loves to be lost in the throes and
modern romance and adventure.
His gallantry towards women – especially comely women – is a manifestation of his romantic turn of mind.
Consequently, in no other place in Orient are women so respected, so educated and so pampered. For his women have
enabled the Filipinos to look upon the vicissitudes of fortune as the bamboo tree regards the angry blasts of the blustering
wind.
The Filipino is eminently suited to his romantic role. He is slender and wiry. He is nimble and graceful in his
movements, his voice is soft, and he is has the gift of language. In what other place in the world can find people who can
carry on a fluent conversation in at least three languages?
This gift is another means by which the Filipino as managed to survive. There is no insurmountable barrier between
him and any of the people who have come to live with him – Spanish, American, and the Japanese. The foreigners do not
have learn his language. He easily manages to master theirs.
 Verily, the Filipino is like the bamboo tree. In its grace, in its ability to adjust itself to the peculiar and inexplicable
whims of fate, the bamboo tree in his expressive and symbolic national tree, it will have to be, not the molave or the narra,
but the bamboo.

What specific Filipino characteristics are you proud of? Why? Share your answer with the class.

Simple Past Form of the Verb

We use the simple past tense to talk about actions that happened at a specific time in the past. There can be few
actions happening after another.

These can be in terms of

- Events in the past that are now finished
- Situation in the past
- A series of action in the past
Use 1: Past actions that are now finished
The first use of the past simple is to express actions that happened at a specific time in the past.
Examples:
- The Filipinos survived difficulties in the past.
- The Filipinos worked for the last century.
- My classmate studied about the culture of the Filipinos.

Use 2: Situation in the past

Another uses of this tense is to talk about situations in the past.
I lived in Cebu for 10 years (I don’t live there anymore).

Use 3: A series of actions in the past

The past simple can also be used with a few actions in the past happening one after another.
The Filipinos fought for their freedom, built their country, and stood on their own.

1. FALSE – CANNOT BE COMPARED TO ANYTHING

2. TRUE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE – NEVER
5. FALSE
6. TRUE
7. FALSE
8. TRUE
9. TRUE
10. TRUE
Direction: Give the past form
of the verb in the parenthesis.
Find the answer in the box.
walked did went
visited saw
1. Last year I (go) _____ to Davao on a
holiday.
2. I (visit) ______ lots of interesting places.
3. We (walk) ____ in the streets of Vigan.
4. It (do) ____ not rain a lot.
5. But we (see) ____ some beautiful places.

#3-in-1 by Sheryl Santos-Gatlabayan

LESSON 2: SETTING ASIDE DIFFERENCES

Where’s the Patis? By Carmen Guerrero-Nakpil
In a narrative text, the writer tells a
story. There are two kinds of narrative
text:
1. Fictional narrative – is a narrative
taken from the author’s imagination.
2. Non-Fiction narrative – is about
events that actually happened like
history or a person’s life.

Elements of a Narrative Text

1. Setting – writers show the time,
place, and culture used in writing the
article.
2. Character – these are the people or
any animated objects in the narrative
which add life to it.
3. Mood – writers use words to
develop the atmosphere of the
narrative.
4. Theme – writers tell us insights
about life through their narrative.
5. Time order – writers organize their
narratives according to time to make it
understandable for the readers.

Logical Connectors
- Are used to link two or more ideas
related with one another.
- Some examples of these connectors
are:
1. Chronological – first, then, after
that, next, lastly
 Example: First, I want to call the
members. Then, I will assign their
seats. After that, I will call the
meeting to order. Next, I will
discuss the agenda of the meeting.
Finally, I will dismiss them.
2. Additional Information – in
addition/to, as well as, the same
with
Example: In addition to patis,
Filipinos like to use soy sauce.
Families as well as friends like to
use patis in different dishes.
3. Beginning – first of all, primarily, in
the beginning, to start with
Example: First of all, the food is
really delicious. Primarily, they are
 costly since they came from
another country.
4. Summation/Closure – finally,
eventually, to top it all, in
conclusion, in the end
Example: Finally, the food was
delivered to our house.
In conclusion, the food in the party
was great.

Complete the following paragraph by

adding the proper logical connectors.

The Patis and I

We can compare people with patis. 1. _______, the patis is the ideal condiment for many foods. It goes well with pork,
chicken, beef, and even vegetables. 2. ______, the patis is widely used all around the Philippines and even in some
countries.
It tastes delicious in any food. Like the patis, we should be able to blend in any kinds of situation 3. _________ people.
We need to be like it so that we can build delicious relationship with other people 4. ________ the whole community.
/5. _________ the patis should be our inspiration to become a better person who can live with others harmoniously.

1. Guideposts in Writing a Narrative Text

LESSON 3: EMBRACING DIVERSITY
1. The Happiest Boy in the World by N.V.M. Gonzalez
2. Plot
3. Anecdote
4. Guideposts in Writing an Informative Speech

LESSON 4: RESPONDING TO THE NEEDS OF OTHERS

1. Hunger in Barok by N.V.M. Gonzalez
2. Tone
3. Direct Speech and Reported Speech

LESSON 5: AIMING TO BE SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE

1. My Father Goes to Court by Carlos Bulosan
2. Active Voice

LESSON 6: ASSERTING ONE’S IDENTITY IN A DIVERSE SOCIETY

1. Man in Dapitan by Loreto Paras-Sulit
2. Subordinating Conjunction

QUARTER IV
CONNECTING TO THE WORLD
LESSON 1: RELATING PAST TO THE PRESENT
1.
LESSON 2: KEEPING ABREAST WITH CHANGES
1.
LESSON 3: UPHOLDING UNDERSTANDING OF BROADENING HORIZONS
1.
LESSON 4: CELEBRATING CULTURAL TIES
1.

Basic Elements of Poetry

Poetry – is defined as
“literature in a metrical form” or
“a composition forming metric
lines.”
1.Stanza – a series of lines
grouped together.
- couplet (2 lines)
- tercet (3 lines)
- quatrain (4 lines)
- cinquian (5 lines)
- sestet (6 lines)
- septet (7 lines)
- octave (8 lines)
2.Rhyme – repetition of
similar sounds
 Example:
I saw a fairy in the wood,
He was dressed all in green.
He drew his sword while I just stood,
And realized I’d been seen.
3.Rhyme Scheme – a
continuation of rhyme.
4.Meter – basic structural
make-up of a poem.
5.Rhythm – music made by
the stressed and
unstressed syllables.
6.Theme – message of the
poem.
 7.Symbolism – symbols that
convey idea.
8.Imagery – device used for
readers to create an image
that encompasses the five
senses

God Said, “I Made a Man”

Jose Garcia Villa

God said, “I made a man

Out of clay” –
But so bright he, he spun
Himself to brightest Day
Till he was all shining gold,
And oh,
He was handsome to behold!
But in his hands held he a bow
Aimed at me who created
Him. And I said,
Wouldn’t thou murder me
“Who am thy Fountainhead”
Then spoke he the man of gold:
‘I will not
Murder thee! I do but
Measure thee. Hold
Thy peace! And this I did,
But I was curious
Of this so regal head.’
‘Give thy name!’ – Sir! Genius
Formulating WH-Questions
Question words are also known as WH-
Questions. How are they formed?
Examples:
1. Who are joining the contest?
2. What is the advertisement all
about?
3. When will it be held?
4. Where it will be held?
5. What are the details in the
advertisement?
WH Questions are formed by inserting
WH-word in place of the missing
information.
WH Questions focus on a particular part
of the sentence.
WH Questions ask for information and
we do not expect a yes-no answer.
We usually form
Formula:
WH-questions with WH- + an auxiliary
verb (be, do or have) + subject + main
verb
WH-question + a modal verb + subject +
main verb:
Example:
When are you leaving?
Why didn’t you call me?
Where do they live?
Where should I park?
Take note of the following question
words and the answers or short replies
they needed. Study the examples as
well.
Question Meaning Examples
Words
Who Person Who is that?
That is Nancy.
Where Place Where do you
live? In
Anahawan.
Why Reason Why do you
sleep early?
Because I’ve got
to get up early.
When Time and/or When do you go
Date to school? At
 7:00 in the
morning.
How Manner How do you go?
By car.
What Object, idea, What do you do?
or action I am an engineer.
Which Choice Which one do
you prefer? The
red one.
Whose Possession Whose is this
book? It’s Allan’s.
Whom Object of Whom did you
the verb meet? I met the
manager.
What Description What kind of
kind music do you
like? I like love
 songs.
What Time What time did
time you come home?
8:00 in the
evening.
How Quantity How many
many (Countable) students are
there? There are
37.
How Amount, How much time
Much price have we got?
(Uncountabl Ten minutes.
e)
How Duration, How long did you
long length stay in the party?
For five hours.
How Frequency How often do you
often go to the gym?
Twice a week.
How far Distance How far is your
school? It’s one
mile far.
How old Age How old are you?
I’m 25.
How Reason How come I
come didn’t see you at
the party? I went
home early.
Expanding Vocabularies: Guess the word that is being defined in each item. Match the Morse code with the letters to form
the word.
A .- J .--- S0 ...
B -... K -.- T -
C -.-. L .-.. U ..-
D -.. M -- V ...-
E . N -. W .--
F ..-. O --- X -..-
G --. P .--. Y -.--
H .... Q --.- Z --..
I .. R .-.

1. The feeling of wanting to have what someone else has

. -. ...- -.-- envy
2. Having less than a normal amount of strength
..-. .-. .- .. .-.. frail
 3. Skilful and clever
-.. . ..-. - deft
4. Any one of the, bony parts in the fingers
-.- -. ..- -.-. -.- .-.. . knuckle
5. To make a piece of clothing from yarn or thread
-.- -. .. - knit
6. To get with great difficulty
. .-. . ere
7. To do something as a special pleasure
.. -. -.. ..- .-.. --. . indulge
8. To bother or to annoy
.. .-. . ire
9. To confine in a restricted area
-.-. --- --- .--. coop
10. Not feeling or showing any concern about the problems of others
-.-. .- .-.. .-.. --- ..- ... callous

A Shawl for Anita

By Lolita M. Andrada

My mother brought us up single-handedly. It was an extraordinary task for a woman so frail – dealing with three
adolescent children. But she managed. She did not finish high school, but her deft hands had skilfully eked out a living for
the four of us. She was good at knitting. Her job tided us over until the eldest got a diploma of teaching. Then she put up a
sari-sari store to send the other children to college. Mother wanted us all to get a college degree and she had sacrificed
much to see us through.
Mother had a soft heart – especially for Anita. Anita was the youngest, and I, being the middle child, always envied
her. She was sickly and Mother willingly indulged her. My sister’s whimpers never irked her. She was ever so gentle with
her while I was so impatient and jealous. I never understood my mother.
My mother who had always been a frail woman was much thinner now. Anita who was married by now had never
stopped being pampered. Her lack of concern for our mother’s failing health was getting on my nerves. I felt like shouting at
her, calling her names when I heard her ask Mother to knit a shawl for her. Mother could hardly refuse, but I knew that the
task was just too much for her. Her fingers had lost their flexibility; rheumatic pain told on her knuckles that felt a million pins
pricking. My heart went out to her every time I saw her painfully knitting the needles into the yarn.
I never want to see Mother lift a finger. She was too old to work, and we wanted to save the burden of doing even
the lightest household chores. Mother said she felt useless being cooped up in the house all day, doing nothing. That was
before Anita sweet talked her into knitting her shawl. I was beginning to hate Anita for being so callous.
Knitting the shawl might have been an agony for Mother, but she never showed any pain. At the end of the day, she
would look at her handwork, a smile on her lips as she held it against her. Knitting proved to be a slow process, but Mother
didn’t mind, I only did and when Anita showed up one day to visit Mother. I scolded her for being so thoughtless.
Anita touched my arm and in a gentle voice she said, “I did it for Mother. That shawl is giving her reason to live. She
was wasting away, didn’t you notice? She felt so useless because she had nothing to do, no matter how small. Mother is
one person who prefers to live her life working. If she stops working, she will stop living.”
I nodded my head. Perhaps Anita was right. I was beginning to understand my mother.

Source: Textbook for First Year High School, SEDP Series First Edition, 1989 pages 89-90

1. Who narrates the story?

2. Who are the characters in the story?
3. Among the characters, who is so frail but never stopped working?
4. What actions did the mother does?
 5. Who is the child that the mother take care the most?
6. In what way did the mother stay the same?
7. Why does Anita keep on requesting something from the mother despite her mother’s condition?
8. How did the events contribute to the development of the narrator?
9. What specific change happened to the narrator?
10. What kind of character is the narrator?

Irony – is the disparity or inconsistency between what seems and what is, meaning, words are used
in a way that the intended meaning is different from what is actually meant or a contrast between
what is expected and what really happens.

Examples:
The shoemaker wears shoes with holes in them.
It rains on a day a group of weather forecasters has scheduled a picnic.
Someone living in the desert keeps a boat in her yard.
Someone walks out in the midst of a hurricane and says, “nice day!”

Module 2: Lesson 5
Loving Others

1. The Bread of Salt – NVM Gonzales

2. Oxymoron – is a figure of speech which employs contradictory words. Generally, the oxymoron
words appear together in one sentence. An oxymoron is not meant to confuse readers, but is used to
add flavor and dramatic effect to speech.

Examples:
Original copy
Found missing
Old news
Peace force
Deafening silence
Act naturally
Awfully good
Terribly pleased
Even odds
Alone together
Loving hate
Real phony
Miserable abundance

Module 2: Lesson 6
Sharing Positive and Healthy Relationship

Footnote to Youth
Jose Garcia-Villa
An excerpt
Paradox – is a figure of speech which appears to contradict itself but can be true. It is a literary device
used by authors to show contradictory ideas in a thought-provoking style. A paradox has a distinct
appeal because it is usually perceived as illogical and untrue, but after a second look, it contains a
grain of truth.

Example:
1. I must be cruel to be kind. (Shakespeare)
Meaning: If you are concerned with a person, you need to be frank and tell them their
mistake even if it will hurt them.
2. Child is father of the man. (Wordsworth)
Meaning: Man’s habits are the results of his childhood ways.
3. The swiftest traveler is he that goes afoot. (Thoreau)
Meaning: If one travels on foot, he must walk fast.

A paradox is similar to oxymoron. But do not get confused. A paradox is generally understood if you
read a statement as a whole, while an oxymoron is a two-word contradictory term found within a
sentence.
Example:
Oxymoron: What he said is a true lie. (The contradiction is plainly seen in the two words: true and lie.
We know that what was said is false.)
Paradox: Believe me, I always lie. (The contradiction is observed in the meaning of the sentence: Is
the speaker’s message true or not?)

MODULE 3: BLENDING WELL IN A DIVERSE SOCIETY

Lesson 1: Acknowledging Diversity

Pliant like the Bamboo – I.V. Mallari

SIMPLE PAST FORM OF THE VERB

We use the simple past tense to talk about actions that happened at a specific time in the past.
There can be few actions happening one after another.

These can be in terms of:

 Events in the past that are now finished
 Situation in the past
 A series of actions in the past

Use 1: Past actions that are now finished

The first use of the past simple is to express actions that happened at a specific time in the past.
1. The Filipinos survived difficulties in the past.
2. The Filipinos worked for the last century.
3. My classmate studied about the culture of the Filipinos.
Use 2: Situation in the past
Another use of this tense is to talk about situations in the past.
I lived in Cebu for 10 years. (I don’t live there anymore)
Use 3: A series of actions in the past
The past simple can also be used with few actions in the past happening one after another.
The Filipinos fought for their freedom, built their country, and stood on their own.
Lesson 2: Setting Aside Differences

Where’s the Patis? – Carmen Guerrero-Nakpil

ELEMENTS OF A NARRATIVE TEXT

In a narrative text, the writer tells a story. There are two kinds of narrative texts:
1. Fictional Narrative – is a narrative taken from the author’s imagination.
2. Non-Fiction Narrative – is about events that actually happened like history or a person’s life.

There are elements to remember in a narrative text:

1. Setting – writers show the time, place, and culture used in writing the article.
2. Character – these are the people or any animated objects in the narrative which add life to it.
3. Mood – writers use words to develop the atmosphere of the narrative.
4. Theme – writers tell us insights about life through their narrative.
5. Time Order – writers organize their narratives according to time to make it understandable for
the readers.

Logical connectors are used to link two or more ideas related with one another.
Some examples of these connectors are:
1. Chronological – first, then, after that, next, lastly
Ex: First, I want to call the members. Then, I will assign their seats.
After that, I will call the meeting to order. Next, I will discuss the agenda of the meeting. Finally,
I will dismiss them.
2. Additional Information – in addition/to, as well as, the same with
Ex: in addition to patis, Filipinos like to use soy sauce. Families as well as friends like to use
patis in different dishes.
3. Beginning – first of all, primarily, in the beginning, to start with
Ex: First of all, the food is really delicious.
Primarily, they are costly since they came from another country.
4. Summative/Closure – finally, eventually, to top it all, in conclusion, in the end
Ex: Finally, the food was delivered to our house.
In conclusion, the food in the party was great.

Lesson 3: Embracing Diversity

The Happiest Boy in the World – NVM Gonzales

A past perfect tense is used when you are talking about a completed action before something in the
past.
Past perfect tense is formed by using the word “had” + (past participle)
Example: had written, had arrived, had eaten, had become
1. When Julio went to Ka Ponso, he had written a letter for him.
2. Julio had arrived at their house before Fidela cooked dinner.
3. After Julio had eaten dinner, Fidela and her child went to sleep.