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    Malaysia has practiced consociational democracy since its independence in 1957 due to its diversity in race, ethnicity, religion, and region. There are four characteristics of consociationalism in Malaysia: 1) Grand alliance of elites through cooperation between ethnic elite groups and coalition parties like Barisan Nasional; 2) Mutual veto allowing each group to protect its interests while promoting equality, though this concept has eroded; 3) Segmental autonomy for each group to exercise autonomy over matters like education and religion; 4) Proportion offering equal distribution of power but this has led to inequality and disrupted relationships between parties. Consociational democracy can benefit Malaysia initially but longer-term it risks inter-racial strife unless

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    QUESTION 1 TUTORIAL PAD270

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    Malaysia has practiced consociational democracy since its independence in 1957 due to its diversity in race, ethnicity, religion, and region. There are four characteristics of consociationalism in Malaysia: 1) Grand alliance of elites through cooperation between ethnic elite groups and coalition parties like Barisan Nasional; 2) Mutual veto allowing each group to protect its interests while promoting equality, though this concept has eroded; 3) Segmental autonomy for each group to exercise autonomy over matters like education and religion; 4) Proportion offering equal distribution of power but this has led to inequality and disrupted relationships between parties. Consociational democracy can benefit Malaysia initially but longer-term it risks inter-racial strife unless

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    267 views2 pages

    Question 1 Tutorial Pad270

    Uploaded by

    najwa azimi
    Malaysia has practiced consociational democracy since its independence in 1957 due to its diversity in race, ethnicity, religion, and region. There are four characteristics of consociationalism in Malaysia: 1) Grand alliance of elites through cooperation between ethnic elite groups and coalition parties like Barisan Nasional; 2) Mutual veto allowing each group to protect its interests while promoting equality, though this concept has eroded; 3) Segmental autonomy for each group to exercise autonomy over matters like education and religion; 4) Proportion offering equal distribution of power but this has led to inequality and disrupted relationships between parties. Consociational democracy can benefit Malaysia initially but longer-term it risks inter-racial strife unless

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    NUR AIN NAJWA BINTI NOOR AZIMI (2020313313)

    QUESTION 1
    Countries of many races, ethnicities, faiths, and regions frequently practice consociational
    democracy. Because it emphasizes the sharing of power between the elite and social groups, it
    is also a democratic system with a solid framework. Since its independence in 1957, Malaysia
    has practiced consociational democracy. This is because, Malaysia has diversity in terms of
    race, ethnicity, religion, and region. Therefore, there are four characteristics of
    consociationalism in Malaysia’s context of politics.

    The first characteristic of consociational democracy is grand alliance of elites. This feature
    refers to cooperation between elite groups regardless of ethnicity in the parliamentary system
    in Malaysia. The coalition party in Malaysia is the Barisan Nasional. This party has played a
    role in uniting the three ethnic groups in Malaysia, namely Malays, Chinese, and Indians.
    Therefore, under the Barisan Nasional party has established parties such as the United Malays
    National Organization (UMNO), the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), and the
    Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC). So, the parties will work together in developing the country
    and play a key role in the parliamentary system in Malaysia. With the involvement of the three
    parties, it can benefit the people regardless of ethnicity because it not only focuses on the
    Malays but also on the people of China and India.

    Besides, second characteristic of consociational democracy is mutual veto. This characteristic


    allows each group to protect its advantages and disadvantages while also promoting conditional
    equality when dealing with sensitive problems. However, from time to time, the concept of
    mutual veto is eroding among politicians in Malaysia. This is due to the fact that the balance
    between the Malay, Chinese and Indian parties is increasingly uneven. This is a major factor
    that the concept of mutual veto has become increasingly eroded and no longer used.

    Other than that, third characteristic is segmental autonomy. It is a platform for each group to
    exercise its autonomy in matters related to matters such as rituals, beliefs, education, moral
    values and so on. Malaysia, which has a diversity of races and religions, contributes to each
    group in managing it. For example, the Malays will be managed by certain groups in terms of
    education, religion and so on. With this, it can ensure the survival and help the group in passing
    on ideas and agendas to future generations.
    Next, fourth characteristic is proportion. These features are to offer each group about an equal
    distribution in the electoral system, positions in public office, resources and power sharing. It
    is to prevent the occurrence of power struggles between groups and can lead to quarrels. As
    has happened where UMNO is no longer financially dependent on MCA during elections and
    spending. So this can disrupt the relationship between the two parties due to the occurrence of
    inequality.

    To sum up, consociational democracy in Malaysia can be beneficial in the beginning but the
    longer it goes on it becomes chaotic and can lead to inter-racial strife. Therefore, each party
    must play their respective roles and avoid power struggles so that national harmony can be
    guaranteed.

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