Canada. 9 LAND TARGETING

National Défense
1 Defence nationale B-GL-352-000/FP-001

2
3
4 ARMY
5
6
7
8
9 LAND TARGETING
10 (ENGLISH)
11 Effective on receipt
WARNING
ALTHOUGH NOT CLASSIFIED, THIS PUBLICATION, OR ANY PART OF IT, MAY BE EXEMPT
FROM DISCLOSURE TO THE PUBLIC UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT. ALL
ELEMENTS OF INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN MUST BE CLOSELY SCRUTINIZED TO
ASCERTAIN WHETHER OR NOT THE PUBLICATION, OR ANY PART OF IT, MAY BE
RELEASED.
12
NOTICE
This documentation has been reviewed by the technical authority and
does not contain controlled goods. Disclosure notices and handling
instructions originally received with the document shall continue to apply.
AVIS
Cette documentation a été révisée par l’autorité technique et ne contient
pas de marchandises contrôlées. Les avis de divulgation et les
instructions de manutention reçues originalement doivent continuer de
s’appliquer.
13 Issued on the Authority of the Commander Canadian Army
14
Canada
National Défense
15 Defence nationale B-GL-352-000/FP-003
16
17
18 ARMY
19
20
21
22
23 LAND TARGETING
24 (ENGLISH)
25 Effective on receipt
WARNING
ALTHOUGH NOT CLASSIFIED, THIS PUBLICATION, OR ANY PART OF IT, MAY BE EXEMPT
FROM DISCLOSURE TO THE PUBLIC UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT. ALL
ELEMENTS OF INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN MUST BE CLOSELY SCRUTINIZED TO
ASCERTAIN WHETHER OR NOT THE PUBLICATION, OR ANY PART OF IT, MAY BE
RELEASED.
26
NOTICE
This documentation has been reviewed by the technical authority and
does not contain controlled goods. Disclosure notices and handling
instructions originally received with the document shall continue to
apply.
AVIS
Cette documentation a été révisée par l’autorité technique et ne
contient pas de marchandises contrôlées. Les avis de divulgation et les
instructions de manutention reçues originalement doivent continuer de
s’appliquer.
27 Issued on the Authority of the Commander Canadian Army
28 OPI: DAD SENSE ISTAR 2015-xx-xx

29
Canada
B-GL-352-000/FP-003
30 LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES
31 Insert latest changed pages; dispose of superseded pages in accordance with

32 applicable orders.
33 Dates of issue for original and changed pages are as follows:
Original 2015-mm-dd
Change 1 N/A
Change 2 N/A
Change 3 N/A
Change 4 N/A
Change 5 N/A
34
35
36 Zero in the Change No. column indicates an original page. Total number of
37 pages in this publication is 61, consisting of the following:
38 Page No Change No
39 Cover Page 0
40 Title Page 0
41 A 0
42 i to xi 0
43 1-1 to 1-7 0
44 2-1 to 2-9 0
45 3-1 to 3-7 0
46 4-1 to 4-16 0
47
48
A
B-GL-352-000/FP-003
49 FOREWORD
50 1. B-GL-352-000/FP-001, Land Targeting, is issued on the authority of the

51 Commander Canadian Army by the Army Doctrine Centre, Canadian Army
52 Doctrine and Training Centre Headquarters, Kingston, Ontario.
53 2. Cette publication est également disponible en français. The French

54 version of this publication is B-GL-352-000/FP-002, (title to be confirmed upon
55 translation).
56 3. Although not classified, this publication, or any part of it, may be exempt
57 from disclosure to the public under the Access to Information Act. All elements of
58 information contained herein must be closely scrutinized to ascertain whether or
59 not the publication, or any part of it, may be released. This publication does not
60 contain information that is subject to release and disclosure restrictions (i.e.
61 CTAT, ITAR, Intellectual Property and License Agreements). If applicable, users
62 are to comply with these agreements and regulations. The electronic version of
63 this publication can be found in the Army Electronic Library (AEL) at
64 http://acims.mil.ca/sp/CADTC_DAD_AEL/default.aspx.
65 4. The Chief of Army Doctrine (CAD) is responsible for the content of this
66 manual. Inquiries or suggestions for future inclusion/amendment are to be
67 directed to the OPI at:
68 DWAN email: +DAD Common@LFDTS HQ@Kingston

69 Attn: Army Doctrine Centre (ADC) SENSE ISTAR
70
71 or
72
73 Canadian Army Doctrine and Training Centre Headquarters
74 Attn: Army Doctrine Centre (ADC) SENSE ISTAR
75 PO Box 17000 Station Forces
76 Kingston, ON K7K 7B4
TO ENSURE YOU ARE USING THE MOST CURRENT VERSION OF THIS

PUBLICATION PLEASE VISIT THE ARMY ELECTRONIC LIBRARY
WEBSITE AT http://acims.mil.ca/sp/CADTC_DAD_AEL/default.aspx
77
78 © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada,
79 as represented by the Minister of National Defence, 2015
i
B-GL-352-000/FP-003
80 PREFACE
81 GENERAL
82 1. The Canadian Army (CA) will generally not conduct operations in isolation.
83 As a consequence targeting must be viewed within the context of broader
84 Canadian Armed Force (CAF) Joint capabilities, within the context of Canadian
85 Whole of Government (WoG) contributions and also within the context of other
86 partners’ systems.
87 2. This doctrine applies to operations across the spectrum of conflict.

88 However, it must be understood that for domestic and international operations,
89 legal requirements will vary.
90 PURPOSE AND SCOPE
91 3. The role of doctrine within the conceptual component of military power is

92 to provide a framework within which operations are planned, executed, and
93 evaluated. A sound doctrinal framework provides the basis for operations and
94 training, guides commanders and helps individuals to think more clearly in the
95 fog of war.
96 4. Purpose. The purpose of this manual is to describe, in detail, the targeting

97 framework and staff duties within CAF land operations.
98 5. The primary target audience for this doctrine is headquarter (HQ) staff
99 directly involved in targeting planning and execution, as well as the commanders
100 who are responsible for the clearance and approval of targets.
101 6. Scope. This CA doctrine publication concerns targeting context, theory,

102 process and structures and is of relevance across all operations involving the
103 CA. It fundamentally supports Canadian Forces Joint Publication (CFJP) 3-9
104 Targeting, and is not designed to either contradict, or reiterate, this Joint
105 targeting publication. B-GL-352-000/FP-003 and CFJP 3-9 together form the
106 basis of CA targeting doctrine and neither can be viewed in isolation from the
107 other. In essence, this publication expands on CFJP 3-9 and outlines, in more
108 detail, the targeting tactics, techniques and procedures (TTPs) that will be
109 employed in a land context. To achieve this, it is divided up as follows:
110 a. Chapter 1 defines the targeting process used by Division and

111 below. It also clarifies what targeting means in a land context.
112 b. Chapter 2 details the targeting structures from Division (Div) to

113 Battle Group (BG), focussing on the targeting cell and its command
114 and control (C2) relationship within the HQ.
115 c. Chapter 3 concentrates on targeting staff duties; from the

116 commander to the Targeting Officer and the responsibilities of
iii
B-GL-352-000/FP-003
117 associated staff with regards to targeting.
118 d. Chapter 4 details targeting planning, and how it is incorporated into

119 the planning process. It also covers targeting execution and the
120 products involved in targeting planning and execution.
121 REFERENCES
122 7. It is CAF policy that all doctrine be consistent to the maximum extent
123 possible with the doctrine of principal allies. The objective is to manage
124 interoperability relationships to permit seamless operational integration at short
125 notice1. The following references have been used extensively in the preparation
126 of this manual: direct quotes are footnoted, however the influence of the
127 references extends farther and deeper than those sections which are formally
128 acknowledged:
129 a. B-GJ-005-000/FP-001 CFJP 01 Canadian Military Doctrine;
130 b. B-GJ-005-200/FP-001, CFJP 2-0 Intelligence;
131 c. B-GJ-005-104/FP-021, CFJP 3-0.1 Law of Armed Conflict at the

132 Operational and Tactical Levels;
133 d. B-GG-005-004/AF-010, CFJP 3-10 Information Operations;
134 e. B-GL-300-001/FP-001, Land Operations;
135 f. B-GL-331-001/FP-001, Command Support in Land Operations;
136 g. B-GL-352-001/FP-001, ISTAR Volume 1 – The Enduring Doctrine;
137 h. B-GL-352-002/FP-002, ISTAR Volume 2 – Staff Handbook;
138 i. B-GJ-005-501/FP-001, CFJP 5-1, Use of Force for CF Operations;
139 j. B-GJ-005-309/FP-001, CFJP 3-9 Targeting;
140 k. CDS Targeting Directive (CDS TD);
141 l. B-GL-331-002/FP-001, Staff Duties for Land Operations;
142 m. B-GL-371-003/FP-001, Field Artillery Operational Procedures;
143 n. B-GL-357-001/FP-001, Intelligence;
144 o. AJP 3-9 Targeting;
1
CFJP 01 Canadian Military Doctrine, 2011.
iv
B-GL-352-000/FP-003
145 p. ATP 3-60 Targeting, May 2015 (US); and
146 q. Joint Tactical Targeting Process, 2010 (UK)
147 TERMINOLOGY
148 8. The terminology used in this publication is in accordance with the Defence
149 Terminology Bank (http://terminology.mil.ca/term-eng.asp) and the NATO
150 Terminology Management System (NATOterm). Where other terminology or
151 definitions are used, they are referenced accordingly. Where no reference is
152 given the term is introduced and defined by this publication. Throughout, the term
153 ‘actor’ or ‘adversary’ has been used, where appropriate, in place of the traditional
154 term ‘enemy’. Unless otherwise noted, masculine pronouns contained herein
155 apply equally to men and women.
156 DEFINITIONS
157 9. Targeting is defined in the DTB as ‘the process of selecting and prioritizing
158 targets and matching the appropriate response to them, taking account of
159 operational requirements and capabilities’.2
160 10. Weaponeering is defined in the DTB as ‘The process of determining the
161 type, quantity and point of application of a weapon to achieve a desired effect,
162 considering the target's characteristics, the weapon's accuracy and reliability,
163 and the probability of success’.3
164 11. There is no formal Canadian definition for Targeteer. For this publication,
165 a Targeteer is defined as a person qualified to advise commanders on the validity
166 of the targets, the means to affect such targets, and the appropriate means of
167 measuring that effect.
168 12. Collateral damage is defined in the DTB as ‘Inadvertent casualties and
169 destruction in civilian areas caused by military operations’.4
170 13. It is recognised that CA Formation HQs may be structured in a Joint

171 capacity and, as such, may use Joint nomenclature instead of Army. For ease,
172 this document will use Army nomenclature only.
173 PUBLICATION REVIEW
174 14. It is intended to review this publication regularly in order to keep it up to

175 date and relevant in its application, as dictated by ADC. However, additional
176 material and other editorial changes or updates may be added by the author at
2
DTB, record 5514.
3
DTB, record 47939.
4
DTB, record 26989.
v
B-GL-352-000/FP-003
177 any time, outside of the normal ADC review cycle, by using the existing APO
178 publications amendment process.
vi
B-GL-352-000/FP-003
179 TABLE OF CONTENTS
180 LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................. IX

181 CHAPTER 1 – LAND TARGETING CONTEXT ................................................. 1-1
182 Introduction ............................................................................................. 1-1
183 Terminology ............................................................................................ 1-1
184 Targeting and Joint Fires ........................................................................ 1-3
185 Targeting Process ................................................................................... 1-4
186 CHAPTER 2 – TARGETING STRUCTURES .................................................... 2-1
187 CHAPTER 3 – TARGETING STAFF DUTIES ................................................... 3-1
188 Introduction ............................................................................................. 3-1
189 Targeting and Targeteer ......................................................................... 3-1
190 Command and Staff Responsibilities ...................................................... 3-1
191 Meetings and Battle Rhythm ................................................................... 3-5
192 Targeting Working Group (TWG) ............................................................ 3-6
193 Targeting Board (TB) .............................................................................. 3-7
194 CHAPTER 4 – TARGETING PLANNING AND EXECUTION ............................ 4-1
195 Introduction ............................................................................................. 4-1
196 Commanders Direction And Guidance ................................................... 4-3
197 Intelligence Support To Targeting ........................................................... 4-3
198 Targeting Process – Decide.................................................................... 4-4
199 Targeting Process – Detect .................................................................... 4-8
200 Targeting Process – Assess ................................................................. 4-10
201 ANNEX A – ELECTRONIC TARGET FOLDERS (ETF) .................................... A-1
202 ANNEX B – TEA BRIEF EXAMPLE .................................................................. B-1
203 ANNEX C – HIGH VALUE TARGET LIST (HVTL) ............................................C-1
204 ANNEX D – HIGH PRIORITY TARGET LIST (HPTL) .......................................D-1
205 ANNEX E – TARGET SELECTION STANDARDS (TSS) .................................. E-1
206 ANNEX F – AGM EXAMPLES........................................................................... F-1
207
vii
B-GL-352-000/FP-001
208 LIST OF FIGURES
209 Figure 1-1 Deliberate And Dynamic Targeting Categories Relationships 1-3
210 Figure 1-2 Joint Targeting Cycle .............................................................. 1-4
211 Figure 1-3 Army Targeting Cycle ............................................................. 1-5
212 Figure 1-4 Dynamic Targeting Cycle ........................................................ 1-5
213 Figure 1-5 Correlation Of Dynamic Targeting With The Joint And Army
214 Deliberate Targeting Cycles.................................................... 1-6
215 Figure 1-6 Formation Targeting Processes .............................................. 1-7
216 Figure 2-1 Targeting Command And Control ........................................... 2-2
217 Figure 2-2 Targeting Cell Functional Structure. ....................................... 2-3
218 Figure 2-3 Division Targeting Cell And Associated Areas ........................ 2-4
219 Figure 2-4 Brigade Targeting Cell And Associated Areas. ....................... 2-5
220 Figure 3-2 Targeting Responsibilities Of Key HQ Staff ............................ 3-4
221 Figure 4-1 Correlation of Battle Procedure, Joint Targeting Cycle,
222 D3A and OPP. ........................................................................ 4-2
223 Figure C-1 Example – High Value Target List ......................................... C-1
224 Figure D-1 High Priority Target List (HPTL) ............................................. D-1
225 Figure E-1 Target Selection Standards (TSS) ..........................................E-1
226 Figure F-1 Example 1 - Attack Guidance Matrices ................................... F-1
227 Figure F-2 Example 2 – Attack Guidance Matrices ................................. G-1
228
ix
B-GL-352-000/FP-001
229 CHAPTER 1 – LAND TARGETING CONTEXT
“What’s the point in targeting somebody if you then can’t hit

them?”
Jeremy Clarkson (Top Gear 2013)
230
231 INTRODUCTION
232 1. Targeting is a command function within a HQ. Though much of targeting is

233 focussed on planning, it also provides the direction for execution and assessment
234 that considers the effects required to accomplish the commander’s objectives. It
235 selects and prioritises targets that must be acted upon to achieve those effects,
236 selects and tasks the kinetic or non-kinetic means with which to take action
237 against those targets and assesses the effectiveness of that action. It is not just
238 about delivering a lethal effect, but encompasses the full range of lethal and non-
239 lethal capabilities at a commander’s disposal.
240 2. The purpose of land targeting is to enable the commander to have such
241 an effect on the adversary that he has neither the will nor the capability to pose a
242 significant threat to the success of the commander’s mission. At the land tactical
243 level, targeting primarily aims to shape the battlespace.
244 3. Targeting requires the personal time, energy and attention of the
245 commander and it is therefore important that he understands, and becomes
246 involved in, the targeting process.
247 TERMINOLOGY
248 4. The definition of targeting differs slightly within NATO countries but, in
249 essence, concentrates on the selection and prioritisation of targets. With target
250 defined as ‘an object of a particular action’5, it is not surprising that, to some,
251 targeting encompasses every action on a battlefield. Despite this view
252 conforming to the strict definition, it is not considered targeting in the context of
253 doctrine and process, although the relationship between the two is undoubtedly
254 very close. There have been several attempts to differentiate between the two
255 and add clarification. ‘Formal’ has been added in front of targeting, as well as
256 capitalising the ‘T’ in targeting, but this has not been captured in doctrine
257 5. For the purposes of this publication, targeting refers to deliberate and
258 dynamic targeting at the land tactical level. These are defined in CFJP 3-9 as
259 follows:
260 a. Deliberate Targeting. Deliberate targeting is conducted against

261 targets, identified and located during the planning phase of
5
DTB, record 1031.
1-1
B-GL-352-001/FP-001
262 operations, to be prosecuted on either a scheduled or on-call

263 basis.6 This method best ensures that the desired effects will
264 contribute directly to achieving the commander’s objectives, while
265 avoiding or minimizing collateral damage (CD).
266 b. Dynamic Targeting. Dynamic targeting is conducted against

267 known or unknown targets of opportunity that have not been
268 located during the planning phase of operations. These targets may
269 be unplanned and/or unanticipated. Dynamic targeting is also a
270 planned process but uses an expedited version of deliberate
271 targeting procedures, to execute targets that need to be prosecuted
272 quickly, due to their potentially fleeting nature, or critical
273 importance.7
274 6. Both these targeting categories are classified as pre-emptive action and
275 require a formal review and approvals process to take place before execution.
276 Target Boards exist from strategic to tactical levels for this purpose but are often
277 replaced by Target Engagement Authority (TEA) briefs. Figure 1-1 illustrates the
278 relationship between these categories of targeting.
279 7. Combat Engagement. Combat engagement is a type of targeting, but

280 occurs during the close battle, where combat with the adversary is actual,
281 imminent or likely. Planned targets should be engaged using deliberate or
282 dynamic targeting procedures wherever possible; however, during combat
283 engagement, targets will appear inside of the relevant planning cycles and will
284 need to be prosecuted when there is no time for either a deliberate or formally
285 expedited targeting process to take place. In these cases, their targeting follows
286 a simplified methodology, taking into account Rules Of Engagement (ROE) and
287 the Laws Of Armed Conflict (LOAC). Figure 1-1 illustrates the relationship
288 between deliberate and dynamic targeting, with combat engagement and self-
289 defence.
6
CFJP 3-9 Targeting.
7
CFJP 3-9 Targeting.
1-2
B-GL-352-000/FP-001
290
291 Figure 1-1 Deliberate And Dynamic Targeting Categories Relationships
292 TARGETING AND JOINT FIRES
293 8. There needs to remain a distinction between targeting and offensive

294 support to the close battle and the distinction is often blurred. This offensive
295 support primarily includes air, aviation, artillery and electronic warfare; the
296 traditional components of Joint fires. As such, the majority of Joint fires at
297 Division level and below supports ground troops and is designed to influence the
298 close battle. This support is generally classified as either combat engagement or
299 self-defence, both targeting types by definition, but should not be confused with
300 deliberate or dynamic targeting.
301 9. The full process of target development, prosecution approval by a target

302 board (TB), or the formal conduct of a collateral damage estimate (CDE) prior to
303 prosecution, are not required when conducting operations under combat
304 engagement or self-defence procedures. In these circumstances only satisfaction
305 of applicable ROE and the practical application of the LOAC is required.
306 10. Targeting shapes the battlespace well before infantry and armour engage.
307 In a Division and below context, targeting is primarily involved in the planning and
308 execution of the deep battle. Striking a target out of contact in a deliberate and
309 dynamic way is the subject of targeting. The aim is to shape the enemy’s course
310 of action (COA), affecting combat power and/or decision making ability in such a
311 way that it enables the success of the commander’s chosen scheme of
312 manoeuvre before they arrive to the close battle. However, it is important to note
313 that the deep battle may not be linear or geographical and, therefore, exists
314 across the spectrum of conflict.
1-3
B-GL-352-001/FP-001
315 TARGETING PROCESS
316 11. There exists a number of targeting cycles, as well as related processes
317 and cycles within which targeting is intrinsically linked. These can be confusing.
318 The six-phase Joint targeting cycle (JTC) is described in CFJP 3-9, and
319 illustrated in Figure 1-2, is very similar to the Joint air tasking cycle, and is
320 designed for the purposes of strategic and operational level targeting. There is
321 also an Army targeting cycle (ATC) of D3A (Decide, Detect, Deliver and Assess),
322 Figure 1-3, which will be covered in more detail in this publication. To add to this
323 list is the dynamic cycle of F2T2EA which occurs during Steps 5 and 6 of the JTC
324 and the Detect/Deliver/Assess stages of the ATC. Figure 1-4 shows this process.
325 CFJP 3-9 describes the dynamic targeting cycle in detail. Figure 1-5 shows the
326 relationship between all these cycles.
327 Figure 1-2 Joint Targeting Cycle
1-4
B-GL-352-000/FP-001
328 Figure 1-3 Army Targeting Cycle
329
330 Figure 1-4 Dynamic Targeting Cycle
1-5
B-GL-352-001/FP-001
331
332 Figure 1-5 Correlation Of Dynamic Targeting With The Joint And Army Deliberate Targeting
333 Cycles
334 12. As Figure 1-6 illustrates, none of these cycles work in isolation and are all
335 complementary. At a land tactical level, the D3A methodology organises the
336 efforts of the commander and staff to accomplish key targeting requirements.
337 Formation targeting staff will also need to be thoroughly familiar with the Joint
338 targeting process, as this will be used when non-organic assets are required for
339 prosecution and delivery. Figure 1-6 illustrates how D3A and the Joint targeting
340 process will work together at a land tactical level.
1-6
B-GL-352-000/FP-001
341
342 Figure 1-6 Formation Targeting Processes
343 13. The targeting process enables the staff to select and prioritise targets
344 which must be acted against and to task the appropriate ISTAR assets to find
345 and subsequently to assess the effectiveness of any action taken. The targeting
346 process is the mechanism for coordinating ISTAR, Joint fires and influence
347 activities to achieve effects. The targeting process can be used across the
348 continuum of operations, although some parts of the process will take on more
349 importance according to the nature of the operation. The principles are as
350 applicable in stabilisation operations as they are for combat operations.
351 Resources must be coordinated and synchronised to deliver the effects required
352 by the commander.
353 14. The targeting process is not to be confused with the operational planning
354 process (OPP). The OPP produces plans in the broadest sense, normally
355 involves manoeuvre and other dedicated assets, and is handed over to current
356 ops staff for execution. Targeting is supportive of OPP cycles ongoing in the HQ,
357 but is also responsive to the needs of lower HQ’s, and specific direction and
358 guidance from higher HQ ops and targeting staff. In the absence of an OPP
359 cycle, there may still be targeting occurring in the HQ, either in dealing with
360 deliberate or dynamic targets, or in conducting framework operations (particularly
361 non-lethal targeting). The targeting process is also what drives deep operations
362 planning. Targeting transcends planning, current operations execution, and
1-7
B-GL-352-001/FP-001
363 assessment phases, all of which are managed by the same staff
364 planners/advisors.
365 15. The details of targeting planning and execution, and the links to OPP, will
366 be covered in Chapter 4.
1-8
B-GL-352-000/FP-001
367 CHAPTER 2 – TARGETING STRUCTURES
“The formal structure ... depends on the resources allocated and the
operating environment. Tailoring the formal staff structure to an effective
and efficient working environment is routinely accomplished to ensure a
cohesive, coordinated targeting effort.”
ATP 3-60 (FM 3-60) Targeting (May 2015)
368
Jeremy Clarkson (Top Gear 2013)
369 1. Land targeting structures will be covered here. These range from a
370 generic targeting structure to those structures currently being practiced at the
371 tactical level. Where these structures do not yet exist, an attempt will be made to
372 reflect current aspirations. The focus will naturally be on the Targeting Cell, but
373 will also include all areas with a specific targeting interest, primarily Fires,
374 Intelligence, Influence Activity and ISTAR.
375 COMMAND AND CONTROL
376 2. Targeting cells should exist at all levels of command from the strategic to
377 the tactical level. Targeting sits within the G3 branch and works closely with the
378 structures and processes associated with the Intelligence and ISTAR cycles.
379 Targeting is not solely limited to collaboration with G2 and ISTAR but also spans
380 current operations and supports planning. Targeting cells must be
381 comprehensive enough to support all of these functional areas in both the plans
382 and ops functions. Figure 2-1 highlights a possible Targeting C2 structure.
2-1
B-GL-352-001/FP-001
Command and Control
Comd/COS
G2 G3/Chief Fires G5
Targeting Officer
G2 Tgts G2 Plans Tgt Cell
ISTAR Coordination:
Fires
ASIC IA
LEGAD
EW
Sensor/Shooter - Integral and External

383 Figure 2-1 Targeting Command And Control
384 3. Having given clear direction for the aims, objectives and priorities of
385 targeting, related to the overall effect he wishes to have on the enemy, the
386 commander will usually delegate the detailed control of targeting to the most
387 appropriate qualified staff officer, often his senior artillery commander.
388 4. For planned targeting activities, the commander (or his authorised
389 representative) will provide guidance to the targeting staff during the targeting
390 meetings that take place within the headquarters’ battle rhythm and may specify
391 targets for which the commander has reserved engagement authority.
392 5. At BG level, planned targeting activities will generally be supporting the

393 planned Formation targeting effort. Targeting activity that supports the close
394 battle will be more dynamic, with rapid changes in situation requiring equally
395 rapid responsive and pre-emptive targeting. On these occasions the
396 commander’s targeting guidance will be based on his instinct, experience and
397 feel for the close battle.
398 STRUCTURES
399 6. Within the HQ, the targeting staff ( under Chief Joint Fires at Division or
400 the CO of the Close Support artillery regiment at Brigade), must work closely with
401 all coordinating elements and staff branches in order to conduct successful
402 targeting. As such, the targeting cell differs in appearance and size from one
403 tactical level to another. Before looking at these in detail, it is useful to see how a
404 generic targeting cell might look (Figure 2-2). These positions may not report
2-2
B-GL-352-000/FP-001
405 directly to a targeting officer however, these functional areas must be

406 represented throughout the targeting process.
Formation G2 staff
•G2 Tgts
•ASIC Targeting
Officer
Targeting
Formation G3 staff
•G3 ISTAR
Cell Formation G5 staff
•G5 Tgts
•FSCC O •G2 Plans
•EWCC O •G5 ISTAR
•IACC O STACC O
•G3 AIR ASCC O
407 Figure 2-2 Targeting Cell Functional Structure.
408 7. Division. The Division targeting cell and associated areas is illustrated in
409 Figure 2-3. The individual roles and responsibilities highlighted in the diagram will
410 be covered in detail in Chapter 3.
411 8. The Joint Fires Branch is the central focal point for all Joint Fires,
412 Influence Activities (IA) and Targeting. It is responsible for the planning,
413 coordination, and current operations control of these activities. The purpose of
414 the branch is to shape assigned Division battlespace on both the psychological
415 and physical planes, provide rapidly responsive force protection to the Formation,
416 and win the deep fight while shaping the close battle. Its enabling decision/action
417 cycle is the targeting process, used to support the HQs OPP, current ops and
418 Combat Assessment activities.
419 9. As shown in Figure 2-3, the Joint Fires Branch works in very close
420 coordination with the G3 and G5 branches. The chart depicts an example of
421 those elements that could provide daily ongoing routine direct support of
422 targeting activity. It is meant to depict the permanent staff relationships that exist
423 amongst full time targeting staff, and does not include those other ‘as-required’
2-3
B-GL-352-001/FP-001
424 members of the targeting team (i.e., LEGAD, POLAD, and LOs). Though not
425 represented here, the G2 Targets staff work in close collaboration with the
426 targeting cell, but may or may not be collocated. They are responsive to the
427 needs of the targeting cell, but work directly for the G2 and, hence, are not
428 shown below. Those elements belonging to Chief Joint Fires are an integral part
429 of the Joint Operations Cell (JOC), and are critical enablers in dynamic targeting,
430 and initial Battle Damage Assessment (BDA).
431
432 Figure 2-3 Division Targeting Cell And Associated Areas
433 10. Brigade (Bde). Currently, there is no extant and standardised targeting
434 construct at Bde. An example of how it might look is at Figure 2-4. The individual
435 roles and responsibilities highlighted in the diagram below will be covered in
436 detail in Chapter 3.
2-4
B-GL-352-000/FP-001
437
438 Figure 2-4 Brigade Targeting Cell And Associated Areas.
439 11. BG and Below. At the BG level and below, there is usually no formal
440 targeting cell. The Battery Commander (BC) will advise the BG Comd on
441 targeting and will coordinate with the Bde Fire Support Coordination Centre
442 (FSCC) regarding any BG targeting requirements. That said, BGs can be called
443 upon to operate independently of a Bbde HQ, such as in coalition operations. In
444 the absence of a Bde HQ, many of the targeting activities normally carried out at
445 Bde level may have to take place at the BG HQ. As such, a targeting cell may be
446 force generated to support the BG HQ for specific operations.
2-5
B-GL-352-000/FP-001
447 CHAPTER 3 – TARGETING STAFF DUTIES
“Successful targeting requires commanders and their staffs to coordinate,

prioritise, synchronise, integrate and assess targeting activities”
Pamphlet No 3 Joint Tactical Targeting Process, 2010
448 INTRODUCTION
449 1. The origin of the principal targeting staff officer at the Division or
450 subordinate HQ will depend on the level of command providing the HQ. The
451 figure below is a brief illustration of the appointments responsible for targeting at
452 different levels of command. These may change to reflect theatre variations.
Level of Command Principal Targeting Staff Delegated Responsibility for

Officer Minute-to-Minute Target Staff
Coordination
Division Chief Joint Fires Targeting Officer
Brigade CO CS Arty Regt Targeting Officer
Battle Group BC CS Arty Regt FSCC O
453 Figure 3-1 Targeting Staff Responsibilities At Different Levels Of Command
454 TARGETING AND TARGETEER
455 2. A common misconception is that the targeteer is the only element

456 contributing to targeting within the HQ. Many actors and organizations contribute
457 to the targeting function yet it is often described as one job or employment. It is
458 highly unlikely that a targeteer will analyse, plan, execute and assess alone.
459 Intelligence analysts, ISTAR staff and Joint Fires personnel will all be involved in
460 the discrete elements of targeting. Weaponeering, target mensuration and
461 collateral damage estimation (CDE) all has to be carried out for deliberate and
462 dynamic targeting and this could include many personnel. Similarly, potential
463 targets are identified by the intelligence staff officers who are also preparing the
464 electronic target folders (ETF).
465 3. The targeteer is a qualified individual whose primary task is to plan and
466 coordinate target engagements and be able to brief and, more importantly,
467 advise a commander on those engagements.
468 COMMAND AND STAFF RESPONSIBILITIES
469 4. The Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) will usually designate a Task Force
470 Commander (TFC), who may not necessarily be the Formation commander. The
471 TFC is responsible for the effective conduct of targeting operations within their
472 AO. While the TFC is likely to be a designated target engagement authority
473 (TEA), the CDS, or one of his subordinate commanders given the appropriate
474 authority, may also designate additional TEAs. This could include a Canadian
3-1
B-GL-352-001/FP-001
475 officer in a national command element of a coalition CAOC being granted the
476 power to approve or reject coalition-derived targets for Canadian execution.
477 5. Figure 3-2 illustrates targeting responsibilities of key HQ staff at the

478 tactical level. The position titles may change from Division to Bde level but, in
479 essence, the functional area remains extant.
480 6. It is accepted that targeting at brigade is similar to that at division, though

481 the HQ staff, particularly plans, is less represented. In addition, the intelligence
482 staff officers do not have as robust of a capability to develop targets as in higher
483 HQs. There is unlikely to be a G2 Targets at brigade, with G2 Plans providing
484 intelligence support to deliberate targeting and the brigade G2 providing
485 intelligence support to dynamic targeting. The majority of targeting activity at
486 brigade is dynamic targeting and is coordinated by the Fire Support Coordination
487 Centre (FSCC), who also manages Joint fires.
Post Targeting Responsibilities

Commander Overall responsible for the targeting effort
Provides targeting guidance
Final approval authority to nominate targets requiring higher approval
and for target clearances for subsequent strikes
COS Establishes battle rhythm
Chairs targeting meetings
Approves targeting decisions on behalf of the commander
Chief Joint Fires/CO Advises the commander on targeting and Joint fires
Close Support Artillery Oversees all lethal and non-lethal fires execution
Regt Supervises the targeting process
8 9 10
Approves preliminary HPTL , TSS and AGM
Co-ordinates Targeting Boards (TBs) when required
Chairs Targeting Working Groups (TWGs) when required
Develops and maintains Formation targeting procedures and SOPs.
11
Deputy Chief Joint Fires Recommends targeting priorities and FSCMs for current and future
operations that support deliberate targeting
Targeting Officer Coordinates the actions and functions of the targeting group
Provides status of targeting resources
Plans use of targeting systems
Recommends targets priorities for acquisition and attack
12
Develops HPTL, AGM and BDA requirements
Develops guidelines for the TSS (with G2)
Develops targets for Electronic Attack (with EWCC O)
13
Determines TLE for effective target engagement
Reviews BDA reports (with G2 and G3) and recommends re-attack
where necessary
Recommends methods of affecting targets
14
Develops the MOP/MOE for target assessments (with G2 targets
8
High Payoff Target List (HPTL).
9
Target Selection Standards (TSS).
10
Attack Guidance Matrix (AGM).
11
Fire Support Coordination Measures (FSCMs).
12
Battle Damage Assessment (BDA).
13
Target Location Error (TLE)
3-2
B-GL-352-000/FP-001
and others)
Manages the ETF and its audit trail
Applies Rules of Engagement (ROE) and conducts CDE where
applicable
15
Manages and circulates the Target Summary Sheet
16
Prepares Target Pack briefs when required
Manages target lists
Supervises or conducts target coordinate mensuration when
applicable
G2 Targets Analyses and identifies potential targets
Prepares ETFs
Passes High Payoff Targets (HPTs) to Targeting Officer
Contributes to development of HPTL, AGM and BDA requirements
Provides input on TSS
Maintains target database with the ASIC
Provides IPB products to targeting
Conducts Target Value Analysis (TVA) and develops the HVTL
17
Recommends NAIs/TAIs to support targeting
Reassesses HPTL, AGM and BDA requirements with Targeting
Officer
Integrates targeting into the Intelligence Collection Plan (ICP)
Assists in conducting assessments, including MOE
Conducts CDE where applicable
FSCC O Responsible for all fire planning and execution
Coordinates striking of dynamic targets
Works with G2 and Targeting Officer to integrate artillery targeting
within the overall ICP
Determines artillery targeting Information Requirements (IRs)
Develops and performs TVA (with G2 Targets)
Assists in TSS and AGM development
Assists in maintaining and updating the HPTL
Conducts PPM where applicable
Conducts artillery weaponeering
Conducts CDE where applicable
G3 ISTAR Coordinates and synchronises ISTAR assets to support deliberate
targeting and assessments
Allocates ISTAR assets to support dynamic targeting
Establishes sensor to shooter linkages as required
G3 Air/OC TACP Advises on the employment of air support
Coordinates approval of requests from immediate CAS
Participates in developing targets
Advises on the suitability of targets to attack with air assets
Provides the airspace C2 plan to support targeting
Monitors the Air Tasking Cycle (ATC)
Coordinates air activities with the AGM
Assists in weaponeering where applicable
Briefs JFACC Air Operations Directive (AOD) and its impact on fixed
14
Measures of Performance (MOP)/Measures of Effectiveness (MOE).
15
The CAF Target Summary Sheet can be found in the CDS TD.
16
The CAF Target Pack Briefing Format can be found in the CDS TD.
17
Names Areas of Interest (NAIs)/Target Areas of Interest (TAIs).
3-3
B-GL-352-001/FP-001
wing
Recommends targets for inclusion to the Joint Integrated Priority
Target List (JIPTL) that are suited for air support
EWCC O Contributes to development of HPTL, AGM and BDA requirements
Assesses effectiveness of EW operations
Conduct EW IPB and produces the EW overlay
Assists in determining EW HPTs
ESCC O Templates potential HVTs and/or HPTs as part of C-IED
Conducts explosive hazard IPB
Recommends HPTs/NAIs and TAIs to support the employment of
artillery scatterable mines
ASCC O Conducts airspace control
Deconflicts airspace to strike targets
Requests, maintains and disseminates Air Control Measures (ACMs)
CBRN O Provides estimate of enemy’s Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)
capabilities
Advises the targeting team on impact of employment of such WMD
and the impact targeted storage/production sites could have
Influence Activity Ensure IA are incorporated into all aspects of the deliberate and
dynamic targeting processes
Nominates targets for inclusion in target lists
CIMIC Advises on effects of friendly operations on the civilian population
Provides input to the Restricted Target List (RTL)
Coordinates civil affairs support to the IPB and targeting processes
STACC O Contributes to development of HPTL, AGM and BDA requirements
Execute and coordinate counter-battery fires
JSST Provides space base information that can hinder precision guided
munitions employment, SATCOM, GPS communication/tracking and
combat assessment
LNOs Presents their commander’s targeting concept
Provides feedback to their commanders on which targets are added to
the HPTL
Facilitate the exchange of target information
SOF Coordinates SOF targeting requirements
LEGAD Interprets and advises targeting team on Law of Armed Conflict
(LOAC) and ROE
Maintains visibility on Casualty Threshold (CT) in accordance with
CDS TD
Provides input to no-strike policies
Maintains visibility on NSL/RTL
Provides targeting guidance for sensitive targets
Advises targeting team on applicable international and domestic laws
POLAD Advises the commander on any issues concerning Canadian, Host
Nation or other external political matters pertinent to targeting
488 Figure 3-2 Targeting Responsibilities Of Key HQ Staff
3-4
B-GL-352-000/FP-001
489 MEETINGS AND BATTLE RHYTHM
490 7. There are a number of meetings and boards that targeting personnel will
491 attend as part of fulfilling their duties and responsibilities. These may differ in
492 name and frequency from one level to another, but all serve the purpose of
493 ensuring that targeting is an integral part of HQ planning and operations and that
494 targeting supports the commander’s needs and execution of operations.
495 Targeting meetings can be combined with other elements of the HQ battle
496 rhythm.
497 8. The purpose of targeting meetings is to:
498 a. review the commander’s direction and priorities in order to identify

499 target sets that, if acted on appropriately, will achieve the effects
500 desired;
501 b. select targets from the target sets and develop them to a point that
502 enables them to be acted against;
503 c. plan the activity against the targets, and prioritise and synchronise
504 these activities with other planned activities;
505 d. execute targeting activity synchronised with other activity; and
506 e. assess the effectiveness of these activities in order to advise the

507 commander and influence future planning and target selection.
508 9. Targeting meetings from the strategic to theatre level are covered in CFJP
509 3-9. This publication will concentrate on the meetings held at theatre level and
510 below, but will cover the links back to the strategic level as required. In essence,
511 at every level there are:
512 a. targeting working groups;
513 b. targeting boards; and
514 c. Target Engagement Authority (TEA) briefs.
515 10. It is important to understand that formal targeting boards at the tactical
516 level, outside of the Theatre Targeting Board will only take place if there is
517 sufficient time and if the commander deems it necessary. For most targeting
518 engagements, a TEA brief will take place. Figure 1-1 touches on this but this is
519 reiterated here in more detail.
520 a. Deliberate Targeting Procedures. Targets should be approved by

521 the TEA at a TEA brief. As a minimum, the TEA must consider:
522 (1) all relevant intelligence related to the target;
3-5
B-GL-352-001/FP-001
523 (2) the likely effect of the attack on civilians and civilian objects;
524 (3) the risk and consequence of incurring unintended effects;
525 (4) that LOAC is applied;
526 (5) that the target can be attacked within the Commander’s
527 delegated authority; and
528 (6) that the technical aspects of weapons delivery meet the
529 required standard.
530 b. Dynamic Targeting Procedures. Dynamic targeting requires

531 either suitable levels of delegated authority, or a robust/accelerated
532 process at the higher HQ level to allow approval in an appropriate
533 timeframe. Dynamic targets will also be approved at a TEA brief,
534 but in an expedited manner due to time constraints.
535 c. Combat Engagement. Formal TEA consideration is not required

536 during a combat engagement scenario. A combat engagement
537 must be conducted under the command of the local commander.
538 More detail is contained in the CDS TD.
539 d. Self Defence. Self-defence procedures are employed when a local

540 commander assesses that there is an imminent threat to life. The
541 responsibility for the engagement lies with the local commander or
542 the weapon platform commander.
543 TARGETING WORKING GROUP (TWG)
544 11 The TWG provides a means to discuss targeting work in a public forum. It
545 ties in all the fires and influence elements in the Formation HQ. This working
546 group serves as the formal planning forum for the cross-branch targeting staff of
547 the HQ. It also serves to coordinate the targeting efforts of subordinate HQs in
548 the Formation planning process. This formal contact with the ‘stakeholders’ in the
549 Formation allows subordinate HQs to:
550 a. introduce plans for operations in the medium term;
551 b. introduce ETFs (see Annex A for more detailed information on

552 ETFs) being worked on (as a ‘Warning Order’) to the Formation
553 HQ;
554 c. present target packs being provided to the Formation HQ as

555 JTL/JPTL nominations; and
556 d. receive feedback from key Formation HQ staff (LEGAD, Info Ops,
557 Targets, Fires etc) on presented Target Packs.
3-6
B-GL-352-000/FP-001
558 12. Ideally, subordinate HQs should aim to send personal representation to
559 the meeting once a week. If Bde staff cannot attend then their LO should be
560 briefed on all relevant targeting issues and attend in their stead. The frequency of
561 the meeting will likely depend on the type of operations, and at a time when
562 appropriate in the Formation Battle Rhythm, and as coordinated by the targeting
563 staff.
564 TARGETING BOARD (TB)
565 13. The commander has the responsibility to conduct planning, coordination,
566 and de-confliction associated with targeting. This task may be accomplished
567 through the TB. Prior to any targeting board, Chief Joint Fires will confirm the
568 commander’s priorities in order to ensure that all target nominations are in line
569 with these priorities. The commander will be presented the proposed target list
570 nominations at the TB, which will conducted in accordance with the Formation
571 battle rhythm.
572 14. The required output(s) of a TB are either the commander’s TEA decision
573 or his direction to elevate the target to a higher commander for a decision.
574 TARGET ENGAGEMENT AUTHORITY (TEA) BRIEF
575 15. The majority of targets will be approved by the Commander during a TEA
576 Brief. The structure and composition of this brief will differ from one organization
577 to another, though will still serve the purpose of the TB, but in a less formal
578 manner. As a minimum, it will include Chief Joint Fires, LEGAD and the
579 commander, but is likely to also include the Targeting Officer. An example TEA
580 Brief is an Annex B.
581 16. The required output is the same as that of a TB.
3-7
B-GL-352-000/FP-001
582 CHAPTER 4 – TARGETING PLANNING AND EXECUTION
“The integration and synchronisation of all aspects of planning for operations,

execution and assessment is a key to the success of targeting. Targeting is
fundamental to the planning process at all levels as it is the root of all effects-
based operations.”
st
CFJP 3-9 Targeting 1 Edition (2014)
583 INTRODUCTION
584 1. Chief Fires and his targeting team have a pivotal role in the planning
585 process, and provide critical targeting advice to key staff planners, including the
586 G2, G3, G35 and G5. They must be involved in planning at all stages,
587 coordinating with G3 Operations staff throughout, in order to set the conditions to
588 support planned and unplanned operations.
589 2. The following sections outline the role of the Targeting Officer and his
590 team in the planning process and their detailed contribution to the combat
591 estimate and the deliverables from it. As explained in Chapter One, the land
592 targeting cycle, and the Joint targeting cycle where applicable, will provide a
593 systematic approach, enabling the right target to be affected by the delivery of an
594 effect from an appropriate weapon system at the right time in the right place. An
595 overview of how the land targeting cycle, the operational planning process (OPP)
596 and Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace (IPB) complement each other is
597 at Figure 4-1. Details of the Joint Targeting cycle and its relationship to OPP can
598 be found in CFJP 3-9.
599 3. The land targeting cycle provides a logical, continuous and flexible cycle
600 of four functions: Decide, Detect and track, Deliver and Assess (D3A). The
601 planning activity within each function and the coordination between functions
602 make up the tactical targeting process. Details on each function are provided in
603 the remainder of the chapter. It is worth noting that each part of the methodology
604 occurs at the same time and sequentially. As decisions are made in planning
605 future operations, current operations staff elements execute detection and attack
606 of targets on the basis of prior decisions.
4-1
B-GL-352-001/FP-001
607
Battle Joint D3A OPP

Targeting Task
Procedure Targeting
Cycle
- Know/understand
1. The End State Initiation targeting directive
and - Perform TVA to
Commanders Orientation develop fire support
HVTs
Objectives - Provide fire support,
information related
capabilities, and CEMA
activities input to the
commander’s targeting
2. Target guidance and desired
Development effects
and - Initial TWG
Prioritisation - Identify potential HPTs
Course of by phase and COA
Action - Develop HPTL
Development - Identify potential HVTs
by phase and COA
Plan
Decide - Develop HVTL

3. Capabilities - Establish TSS
Analysis - Develop AGM
- Develop BDA criteria
- Draft MOP/MOE
Continuous Assessment
- Draft airspace control

means requests
4. Commander’s - Produce HPTL
Decision and Plan - Produce HVTL
Force Development - Produce AGM
- Plan targets and
Assignment prepare ETFs for TBs or
TEA briefs
- Update BDA
requirements
(MOP/MOE)
- Produce targeting
Plan Review CONPLANS
- Execute ICP
Prepare
- Update IRs
- Update HPTL, HVTL,
and AGM
Detect - Update MOP/MOE
- Track
5. Mission - Execute fire support
Planning and and electronic attacks in
Execute
Force Execution accordance with the

AGM
Deliver
- Assess task
accomplishment (as
Assess
6. Assessment measured by MOP)

- Assess effects (as
Assess determined by MOE)
608 Figure 4-1 Correlation of Battle Procedure, Joint Targeting Cycle, D3A and OPP.
4-2
B-GL-352-000/FP-001
609 COMMANDERS DIRECTION AND GUIDANCE
610 4. Having reviewed the strategic TD, the commander at every level is
611 responsible for issuing clear and unambiguous direction as to objectives, desired
612 effects on the enemy to achieve those objectives, and priorities for targeting. A
613 commander is also responsible for ensuring that the targeting team understands
614 the ROE and CDE requirements and the targeting activity they are allowed to
615 authorise on his behalf.
616 5. ROE and Legal Considerations. Commanders and targeting staff must
617 consider the legal implications and ramifications associated with attacking a
618 target to ensure that any military action undertaken falls within the LOAC and
619 ROE. A legal advisor (LEGAD) is of considerable assistance to the commander
620 when conducting the targeting process. Military action may be constrained by
621 legal considerations in some instances and such constraints should be provided
622 to the targeting staff and subordinate HQs in the commander’s guidance and
623 ROE. Legal considerations and the LOAC as it applies to targeting are described
624 in greater detail in CFJP 3-9.
625 6. The effects required from targeting will become evident on receipt of the
626 commander’s guidance to his targeting staff. This guidance is updated by the
627 commander or his representative at each targeting meeting. The commander is
628 responsible for providing guidance as to mission, intent and objectives. The
629 intent must be couched in terms which are unambiguous and will often detail the
630 change required in the adversary’s behaviour that must be achieved to support
631 the commander’s desired end state. The commander’s objectives will be directed
632 against adversary capabilities and will detail the effect that must be achieved.
633 Once the commander’s guidance has been received it will be possible to
634 determine what effects are required to achieve his objectives. Due consideration
635 must be given to those effects that are not desirable in order that actions to
636 mitigate these can be taken.
637 INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT TO TARGETING
638 7. The majority of intelligence support to targeting is in target detection,

639 identification and target development. IPB is crucial in these efforts and provides
640 much of the foundation for a successful targeting process.
641 8. IPB. This includes the physical, psychological, moral and electromagnetic
642 domains. It is a continuous and systematic method for analyzing the enemy,
643 weather, and terrain (and other environmental factors such as the political,
644 economic, social, Information and Infrastructure) in a geographical area. This
645 method evaluates enemy capabilities and predicts adversary COAs with respect
646 to specific battlespace conditions and centers of gravity.
647 9. The battlefield environment, the effects of the environment on combatants

648 and the threat are considered in IPB analysis to arrive at an intelligence estimate.
4-3
B-GL-352-001/FP-001
649 Target Value Analysis yields HVTs for a specific enemy COA (a combination of
650 IPB steps 3 and 4). Target spread sheets identify the HVTs in relation to a type of
651 operation. The target sheets (or other target tracking tools) give more detailed
652 targeting information for each specific HVT. The information on target spread
653 sheets and target sheets is used during the IPB and the war-game processes.
654 Both tools are developed by the G2 with support from the ASIC, a collection and
655 all-source production center.
656 10. Targeting and the ICP. The ICP provides a framework that collection
657 managers use to determine, evaluate, and satisfy intelligence needs. Because of
658 the diversity of missions, capabilities, and requirements, the collection plan has
659 no prescribed doctrinal format. However, a dynamic collection plan should:
660 a. have as its basis the commander’s priority intelligence

661 requirements, to include those HPTs approved as PIRs;
662 b. help the commander see his area of influence and interest;
663 c. provide synchronized coverage of the commander’s area of

664 operations;
665 d. have a six-dimensional battlefield approach: width, length, depth or

666 altitude, time, human terrain and electromagnetic spectrum;
667 e. cover the collection capabilities of higher and adjacent units.

668 Identify assets for acquiring and tracking HPTs and determining
669 BDA on HPTs;
670 f. be flexible enough to allow response to changes as they occur;
671 g. cover only priority requirements;
672 h. be a working document; and
673 i. contain precise and concise information.
674 TARGETING PROCESS – DECIDE
675 11. The Decide function is the initial part of the cycle and will take the most
676 staff effort. It is where targeting planning is conducted and takes place at the
677 same time and in parallel with other staff estimates, as Figure 4-1 illustrates.
678 Targeting planning is conducted by the targeting cell under the supervision of
679 Chief Fires/CO CS Artillery regiment respectively, with contributions from the
680 other staff branches, most notably, the G2 and ISTAR. It assists in setting
681 priorities for ongoing intelligence collection activities and planning for the delivery
682 of effects.
4-4
B-GL-352-000/FP-001
683 12. Elements of the Decide Function. The Decide function is divided into 6
684 steps:
685 a. Identify Target Areas. IPB will indicate where and when targets
686 are likely to be detected and the areas where the required target
687 effects can best be achieved. The results of IPB and subsequent
688 targeting planning will have tasking implications for ISTAR assets
689 and will inform the ICP.
690 b. Identify Target Types and Priorities. Target Systems Analysis

691 (TSA)/Target Value Analysis (TVA)/ Target Audience Analysis
692 (TAA) will be conducted to identify the target types and capabilities.
693 TAA is conducted by IA analysts. TSA/TVA is conducted by the G2
694 staff and consists of an analysis of the enemy’s doctrine, tactics,
695 TTPs, organization and assessed mission and intentions within
696 selected enemy courses of action (COAs). The purpose of TVA is
697 to ascertain those capabilities and equipment essential to the
698 enemy’s ability to achieve his intentions and identifies High Value
699 Targets (HVTs) for each enemy COA considered. These targets will
700 be developed into target lists and identified during intelligence
701 collection activities and ISTAR operations. Targets will be
702 prioritised in order of those that if affected will contribute most to the
703 achievement of the commander’s objectives and the priorities
704 captured in the target lists.
705 (1) High Value Targets (HVT). HVTs are those assets, which if
706 lost to the enemy would significantly damage his ability to
707 achieve his intentions. These HVTs are detailed in the
708 HVTL. As the enemy intentions change so too will the HVTs,
709 hence the HVTL must be reviewed regularly. The HVTL is
710 normally generated by the G2 staff, who will assign a value
711 of importance of their organic capabilities to the adversary at
712 that time. Other specialist staff should provide detail on
713 specific capabilities and threats within their own areas of
714 expertise. An example HVTL is at Annex C.
715 (2) High Payoff Targets (HPT). By considering enemy COA’s

716 the G2 and Targeting staff can assess how enemy actions
717 and reactions will impact on own force operations. High
718 Payoff Targets (HPTs) can be identified from this
719 assessment, and in particular from conducting war-gaming.
720 HPTs are those targets which if lost would contribute most to
721 the defeat of the enemy and which can be affected given the
722 delivery systems available. The successful targeting of HPTs
723 will make a significant contribution to the ability of friendly
724 forces to achieve their objectives. HPTs are normally derived
725 from HVTs and are prioritised from the ability to detect and
4-5
B-GL-352-001/FP-001
726 strike the targets, and are then detailed in the HPTL. It is
727 essential that the HPTL be reviewed regularly as the
728 operational situation changes, as it is often used to focus the
729 Intelligence Collection Plan (ICP). An example HPTL is at
730 Annex D.
731 c. Establish Target Selection Standards (TSS). TSS address

732 accuracy or other specific criteria that must be met before targets
733 can be attacked. Knowledge of the target capability and equipment
734 allows appropriate weapon to target matching of available assets
735 and allows the detailed planning for the delivery of the weapon
736 effects against the target. TSS should include the Target Location
737 Error (TLE) and acquisition time. TLE accounts for the capabilities
738 of available ISTAR and effects systems and will dictate the
739 accuracy with which a weapon effect can be delivered. If a weapon
740 effect or ISTAR system is required which is not integral to the
741 Formation or BG then it should be requested from the superior HQ
742 in order that the most appropriate weapon effect can be delivered
743 to the target. When considering the most appropriate delivery
744 system, due account must be taken of the need to minimise
745 collateral damage, the risk of fratricide and to mitigate undesirable
746 first and second order effects. CDE should be conducted prior to
747 the delivery of an effect whenever the tactical situation allows. TSS
748 break nominations into two categories: targets and suspected
749 targets. Targets meet accuracy and timeliness requirements for
750 attack. Suspected targets must be confirmed before any attack.
751 (1) TSS are based on the enemy activity under consideration
752 and available attack systems by using the following:
753 (a) attack system TLE;
754 (b) size of the enemy activity (point or area);
755 (c) status of the activity (moving or stationary); and
756 (d) timeliness of the information.
757 (2) Considering these factors, different TSS may exist for a
758 given enemy activity on the basis of different attack systems.
759 For example, an enemy artillery battery may have a 150-
760 meter TLE requirement for attack by cannon artillery and a 1
761 km requirement for attack helicopters. TSS are developed by
762 targeting staff in conjunction with the G2 and ASIC.
763 Intelligence analysts use TSS to quickly determine targets
764 from battlefield information and pass the targets to
765 Operations staff.
4-6
B-GL-352-000/FP-001
766 (3) The TSS criteria can be very demanding and it is realistic for
767 a commander to disregard these standards and authorise
768 the engagement of an HPT regardless. A commander will
769 rightly make his decision based on the pertinent information
770 at the time. An example TSS is at Annex E.
771 d. Establish Measures of Effectiveness (MOE) Measures of

772 Performance (MOP) and Assessment Criteria. The targeting staff
773 must decide what change to the target constitutes achievement of
774 the desired effect. This is more than assessing whether the weapon
775 effect was delivered accurately. It is the establishment of
776 measurable criteria which if achieved indicate the commander’s
777 desired effect has been achieved on a target. The desired effect
778 must therefore be something measurable. At the tactical level
779 MOEs relate to the effect on the adversary’s ability to use a
780 capability or his will to pursue a COA. Failure to achieve the
781 required level of effectiveness may indicate the need for further
782 action or the adoption of a different COA to that required if the
783 desired effect was achieved. The requirement to measure the
784 effects on targets must be considered during ISTAR resource
785 planning. CFJP 3-9 contains detailed information on MOP/MOE.
786 e. Input to Intelligence Collection Plan (ICP). Targeting input to the

787 intelligence collection mechanism aims to provide a focus for the
788 management of ISTAR systems and intelligence collection efforts.
789 The input will include guidance as to the priority of targets for
790 detection and the target resolution (whether recognition or
791 identification) and location accuracy required, the locations where
792 the targets may be found and whether target tracking is required.
793 The ICP will take account of the ISTAR requirements to resource
794 NAIs, DPs and TAIs.
795 f. Develop the Attack Guidance Matrix (AGM). The AGM is a

796 targeting product approved by the commander, which addresses
797 the how and when targets are engaged and the desired effects. As
798 a minimum it should include the specific HPT, the timing of the
799 engagement, the engagement means, the desired effects and any
800 possible restrictions. As the operation progresses the AGM may
801 change, as it is a tool that must be updated based on the changing
802 enemy situation. Examples of an AGM is at Annex G.
803 13. Weaponeering. Determination of the most appropriate capability system

804 for the delivery of the desired effect begins during the Decide function and
805 subsequently reviewed during the Assess function. The Targeting cell should
806 provide recommendations as to the most appropriate weapon system, whether
807 lethal or non-lethal, for delivering the desired effect taking into account CDE,
808 effectiveness, responsiveness, range, accuracy and vulnerability to adversary
4-7
B-GL-352-001/FP-001
809 threats and associated risks of employment for the various systems available.
810 Weapon, effect and target restrictions, including any legal caveats should also be
811 considered before the final weapon effect and delivery system are selected.
812 14. Mensuration. PGMs (that rely on GPS as part of their terminal guidance)
813 are only as accurate as the co-ordinates that they are sent to and so must be
814 targeted using geospatial coordinates that have been derived by an accredited
815 process and software. To obtain the most accurate geospatial coordinates
816 possible, all target end Desired Points of Impact (DPI) must be mensurated. For
817 the purposes of precision targeting and imagery analysis, mensuration is defined
818 in the DTB as “the determination of the absolute latitude, longitude and elevation
819 of a location”18. Geospatial exploitation products use processed digital imagery to
820 deliver geo-location, terrain extraction and scene visualisation. In general, the
821 required product delivers three elements: accurate geodetically-controlled stereo
822 imagery, compressed graphics, and image support data. Comparison of points
823 embedded in or overlaid upon on stereo images of the target area referenced
824 against the embedded meta-data provides the enhanced target location accuracy
825 (TLA) required by GPS-guided munitions.
826 15. Targeting staff should not become fixed by the generation of the various
827 products that support targeting activity throughout the land tactical targeting
828 process, though a considerable number may be required, but rather focus on
829 what must be produced to facilitate and coordinate the timely delivery of effects
830 onto legal and appropriate targets. A summary of products produced during the
831 Decide function is below:
832 a. HVTL;
833 b. HPTL;
834 c. AGM;
835 d. TSS; and
836 e. BDA criteria (including MOP/MOE)
837 16. The end result of the decide function is a properly focused targeting
838 working group and a series of products, approved by the commander or his
839 representative that assist with the planning of appropriate methods of attack
840 against targets at a time and place of the commander’s choosing in accordance
841 with his targeting priorities.
842 TARGETING PROCESS – DETECT
843 17. The detect function includes the activities required to detect, identify and
844 track targets to the point where the weapon effect is to be delivered. Detect and
18
DTB record 41387.
4-8
B-GL-352-000/FP-001
845 Track were often separate functions, however, at the tactical level, Detect and
846 Track are indivisible. Occasionally a target will need to be tracked until weapon
847 delivery can be authorised. The collection effort is supervised and coordinated by
848 the G2 staff in accordance with the ICP. NAIs and DPs should be monitored by
849 ISTAR assets in addition to the activity required to collect information to satisfy
850 the CCIRs. The staff must ensure that all available ISTAR assets, including those
851 of senior, subordinate and flanking Formations and units, are utilised. HQs
852 should make every effort to establish mechanisms whereby the information
853 and/or intelligence produced by non-organic ISTAR assets can be received by
854 the G2 and ISTAR CC. By ensuring the relevant real estate and infrastructure are
855 available, the host headquarters can accommodate liaison officers from a
856 number of collection agencies without disturbing the established HQ layout.
857 18. Several different ISTAR capabilities can be tasked to detect a target if it is
858 of sufficiently high priority. This provides the ICP with some redundancy and
859 allows different ISTAR capabilities to be overlaid on each other. This layering
860 effect, whilst resource intensive, can increase the chances of detection and
861 successful tracking and can reduce sensor to shooter times. It will be necessary
862 to integrate ISTAR systems such that a target can be passed from one ISTAR
863 asset to another during tracking until such time as the decision has been taken to
864 act against the target and any subsequent weapon effect delivered on the target.
865 Information collected during the initial detection and subsequent tracking activity
866 is passed to the controlling HQ for analysis or passed direct to the analysing
867 agency. The intelligence, and occasionally the raw information, is passed to the
868 targeting staff to inform the decision as to whether to act against the target.
869 19. Where time and the situation allows, the information collected on the
870 target can be used to update the AGM. ISTAR assets tasked with locating the
871 target to enable a weapon to be delivered against it must be capable of matching
872 the associated TSS criteria.
873 TARGETING PROCESS – DELIVER
874 20. The Deliver function of the targeting cycle aims to ensure the efficient
875 delivery of the most appropriate action to achieve desired effects against
876 selected and authorised targets in accordance with the commander’s targeting
877 priorities. The primary activity during the deliver phase is the coordination and
878 delivery of actions to achieve effects against authorised targets as they are
879 acquired in accordance with the AGM.
880 21. The inclusion of targets in the AGM means that they have been approved
881 by the commander or his delegated representative for specific weapon effects to
882 be delivered against them. Restrictions may be applied to any number of factors
883 relating to the weapon effect and the target, including the type of delivery system
884 that can be used and the time and/or location where the weapon effect can be
885 delivered. It is highly likely that the commander will require the targeting staff to
886 conduct additional checks (staff checks) before allowing effects to be delivered in
4-9
B-GL-352-001/FP-001
887 accordance with the AGM. This is sensible and pragmatic as it increases the
888 level of control over the actions taken to achieve effects and reduces the chance
889 of fratricide. The orders issued by the targeting staff should include the unit or
890 units that are to take action, the action required, the target to be affected, the
891 time and location where the weapon effect is to be delivered and the target
892 acquisition system that will control the delivery of the weapon effect. The trigger
893 for the potential action will be the target or target activity detected at the DP, with
894 the weapon effect being delivered into the associated TAI.
895 22 Targeting Staff Checks.
896 a. Check the legitimacy and legality of the target in terms of ROE and
897 the LOAC and whether the CDE is within the level of delegated
898 authority.
899 b. Check the capability(s) able to produce the required effect on the
900 target in the necessary timescale and at the desired location. If the
901 desired effect exceeds the commanders’ capabilities, the target
902 should be reported to the next superior HQ for engagement.
903 c. Check the BM requirements to integrate the actions taken to

904 achieve the effect with other activities taking place in the
905 battlespace.
906 23. Higher Formation Links.
907 a. Targets Passed To Higher Formation. Targets that cannot be

908 successfully prosecuted by a unit or Formation are passed to the
909 next higher HQ for action. Target nominations must be made as
910 early as possible to allow for subsequent planning within the higher
911 HQ. The exchange of trained liaison staff between targeting cells
912 and an awareness of the timelines for deliberate targeting within the
913 higher Formation aids the process.
914 b. Targets Received From Higher Formation. Targets may be

915 included in direction or guidance from higher Formations. The
916 targeting staff must include these targets in their own targeting
917 decisions and accord them the appropriate priority using the
918 guidance provided by the commander. The requirement to act
919 against targets passed down from a higher HQ may have a direct
920 impact on the availability of the subordinate Formation’s organic
921 ISTAR and strike assets to detect, track and deliver effects against
922 targets of their own choosing.
923 TARGETING PROCESS – ASSESS
924 24. Assessment is the fourth function of the targeting process, the purpose of
925 which is to determine the degree with which the desired effects have been
4-10
B-GL-352-000/FP-001
926 achieved on specified targets. The assess function serves to formulate any
927 required follow-up actions and can indicate readiness to move on to new tasks to
928 achieve the commander’s objectives. The assessed effectiveness of the action
929 taken against a target during the deliver phase is compared with the MOP/MOE
930 set during the decide phase in order to ascertain whether further action or re-
931 attack is required. This assessment forms the final phase of one cycle and
932 informs the Decide phase of another iteration of the land tactical targeting cycle.
933 25. Combat Assessment. Combat assessment is used for the assessment of
934 both lethal and non-lethal effects. Combat assessment is composed of three
935 interrelated components: BDA; Weapons effectiveness assessment (WEA); and
936 re-attack recommendations. At the tactical level it is likely that only BDA and re-
937 attack recommendation will be conducted.
938 26. Battle Damage Assessment (BDA). At the tactical level, commanders
939 use BDA to get a series of timely and accurate snapshots of their effect on the
940 enemy. It provides commanders an estimate of the enemy’s combat
941 effectiveness, capabilities, and intentions. This helps commanders determine
942 when or if their targeting effort is accomplishing their objectives. BDA has three
943 components:
944 a. Physical damage assessment. Physical damage assessment

945 estimates the quantitative extent of physical damage through
946 munitions blast, fragmentation and fire damage effects to a target.
947 This assessment is based on observed or interpreted damage.
948 b. Functional damage assessment. Functional damage assessment

949 estimates the effect of engagement on the target to perform its
950 intended mission compared to the mission objective established
951 against the target. This assessment is inferred based on all-source
952 intelligence. A functional damage assessment is a temporary
953 assessment used for specific missions.
954 c. Target system assessment. Target system assessment is a broad

955 assessment of the overall impact and effectiveness of all types of
956 engagement against an entire target system capability.
957 27. Weapons Effectiveness Assessment (WEA). WEA directs its

958 assessments to after-action studies of how capabilities were performed and the
959 method in which they were applied and will be of little relevance to the Tactical
960 commander. It examines the forensic evidence after attacks to determine
961 whether weapons and weapon systems performed as expected. The purpose of
962 WEA is to compare the actual effectiveness of the means employed to their
963 anticipated effectiveness assumed during the Decide function. The results of
964 WEA support both near-term improvement in tactics and techniques and long-
965 term improvements in lethal and non-lethal capabilities.
4-11
B-GL-352-001/FP-001
966 28. Re-attack Recommendation. Re-attack recommendations are derived

967 from analysis of BDA (what was done) and WEA (how it was done) and
968 comparing the result with the predetermined MOEs developed during the Decide
969 phase of the targeting cycle. Where the desired effect is achieved the
970 commander will be advised to review his targeting priorities. Where the desired
971 effect has not been achieved the commander will be provided with future attack
972 recommendations.
973
4-12
B-GL-352-000/FP-001
974 ANNEX A – ELECTRONIC TARGET FOLDERS (ETF)
975 1. These will be developed and submitted, in addition to a Target Summary

976 Sheet, to a TEA, either by board or brief, in order to get clearance to prosecute.
977 Targets must be on the Joint Integrated Prioritised Target List (JIPTL) before
978 they can be engaged with pre-planned fires. This includes non-lethal target
979 nominations.
980 2. The ETF is delivered in a standard format for briefing targets to

981 commanders for inclusion on the JPTL. While it is recognized that national
982 procedures and ETF templates may differ, these must be translated into an
983 agreed format to ensure utility across coalition/partners, and a level playing field
984 when comparing ETFs for subsequent prioritization and allocation of ISR and
985 engagement capabilities. ETFs should be created as a potential target is
986 identified so that all relevant information is captured as soon as possible.
987 3. The existence of a new target should be alerted to the chain of command
988 via the TTWG. There are occasions where waiting to formally brief the TEA will
989 cause unacceptable delay in processing the target in an imminent operation. This
990 is well understood and in such cases the CoC should be alerted as soon as
991 possible. Such nominations are considered by calling together at any time a TEA
992 brief, with only those staff advisors present that the Comd requires to make a
993 decision.
994 4. The progress of ETFs must be tracked in a timely and accurate fashion.
995 There are two means of achieving this:
996 a. Filing ETFs. Logical filing of ETFs and information relevant to a

997 target is necessary to provide a ‘one-stop-shop’ repository for the
998 vast amount of information that may be gathered on any target.
999 Secondly it provides an audit trail to allow retrospective analysis of
1000 decisions. A new ETF for each target should be created following
1001 standard conventions. The date in the folder name should be the
1002 date the target pack is received in the HQ. ETFs may also be
1003 grouped together where the individual targets are related in some
1004 way (e.g. under an Operation name) – individual target pack folders
1005 may then be created in sub folders below this folder in the same
1006 way. An ETF may then be saved in its individual folder along with
1007 any relevant e-mails, imagery, CDE assessments, etc following the
1008 same naming convention. Only the most current target pack should
1009 be visible in this folder and the file named with the date of the most
1010 recent amendment. Relevant emails are particularly important to
1011 maintain an audit trail of decisions. Chat records and other
1012 electronic traffic on C2 systems should be similarly saved if
1013 relevant. Older target packs should be placed, where appropriate,
1014 in an ‘Archive’ folder in the target pack folder.
A-1
B-GL-352-001/FP-001
1015 b. Targets Database. The targets database provides a more

1016 sophisticated way of tracking the progress of ETFs than the filing
1017 system. Bde HQs should develop their own spreadsheets that
1018 catalogue details of targeting products, and associated Attack
1019 Guidance Matrices (AGMs), and provide them to HQ 1st Cdn Div
1020 HQ for inclusion in the 1st Cdn Div HQ Div Targets Database. J2
1021 Targets staff should input details as soon as they are known. As a
1022 minimum, the following data will be captured for each target:
1023 (1) target name, description and grid (lat/long and/or MGRS);
1024 (2) originator and date of target nomination to HQ 1st Cdn Div
1025 HQ;
1026 (3) date of any preliminary target development work completed

1027 by CJTF or 1st Cdn Div HQ Target Support Staff;
1028 (4) DMPIs, date of mensuration of DMPIs, relevant

1029 weaponeering, CDE assessment and date;
1030 (5) date approved to the JTL;
1031 (6) date approved to the JIPTL; and
1032 (7) a hyperlink so that the associated target pack can be viewed
1033 direct from the database.
A-2
B-GL-352-000/FP-001
1034 ANNEX B – TEA BRIEF EXAMPLE
1035 (To be issued pending declassification)
B-1
B-GL-352-000/FP-001
1036 ANNEX C – HIGH VALUE TARGET LIST (HVTL)
1037
1038 Figure C-1 Example – High Value Target List
C-1
B-GL-352-000/FP-001
1039 ANNEX D – HIGH PRIORITY TARGET LIST (HPTL)
1040
1041 Figure D-1 High Priority Target List (HPTL)
D-1
B-GL-352-000/FP-001
1042 ANNEX E – TARGET SELECTION STANDARDS (TSS)
1043
1044 Figure E-1 Target Selection Standards (TSS)
E-1
B-GL-352-000/FP-001
1045 ANNEX F – AGM EXAMPLES
1046
1047 Figure F-1 Example 1 - Attack Guidance Matrices
1048 Figure F-2 Example 2 – Attack Guidance Matrices
F-1

Canada. 9 LAND TARGETING

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Canada. 9 LAND TARGETING

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Canada. 9 LAND TARGETING

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

National Défense

1 Defence nationale B-GL-352-000/FP-001

28 OPI: DAD SENSE ISTAR 2015-xx-xx

30 LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

31 Insert latest changed pages; dispose of superseded pages in accordance with

33 Dates of issue for original and changed pages are as follows:

50 1. B-GL-352-000/FP-001, Land Targeting, is issued on the authority of the

53 2. Cette publication est également disponible en français. The French

68 DWAN email: +DAD Common@LFDTS HQ@Kingston

TO ENSURE YOU ARE USING THE MOST CURRENT VERSION OF THIS

87 2. This doctrine applies to operations across the spectrum of conflict.

90 PURPOSE AND SCOPE

91 3. The role of doctrine within the conceptual component of military power is

96 4. Purpose. The purpose of this manual is to describe, in detail, the targeting

101 6. Scope. This CA doctrine publication concerns targeting context, theory,

110 a. Chapter 1 defines the targeting process used by Division and

112 b. Chapter 2 details the targeting structures from Division (Div) to

115 c. Chapter 3 concentrates on targeting staff duties; from the

117 associated staff with regards to targeting.

118 d. Chapter 4 details targeting planning, and how it is incorporated into

129 a. B-GJ-005-000/FP-001 CFJP 01 Canadian Military Doctrine;

130 b. B-GJ-005-200/FP-001, CFJP 2-0 Intelligence;

131 c. B-GJ-005-104/FP-021, CFJP 3-0.1 Law of Armed Conflict at the

133 d. B-GG-005-004/AF-010, CFJP 3-10 Information Operations;

134 e. B-GL-300-001/FP-001, Land Operations;

135 f. B-GL-331-001/FP-001, Command Support in Land Operations;

136 g. B-GL-352-001/FP-001, ISTAR Volume 1 – The Enduring Doctrine;

137 h. B-GL-352-002/FP-002, ISTAR Volume 2 – Staff Handbook;

138 i. B-GJ-005-501/FP-001, CFJP 5-1, Use of Force for CF Operations;

139 j. B-GJ-005-309/FP-001, CFJP 3-9 Targeting;

140 k. CDS Targeting Directive (CDS TD);

141 l. B-GL-331-002/FP-001, Staff Duties for Land Operations;

142 m. B-GL-371-003/FP-001, Field Artillery Operational Procedures;

143 n. B-GL-357-001/FP-001, Intelligence;

144 o. AJP 3-9 Targeting;

145 p. ATP 3-60 Targeting, May 2015 (US); and

146 q. Joint Tactical Targeting Process, 2010 (UK)

170 13. It is recognised that CA Formation HQs may be structured in a Joint

173 PUBLICATION REVIEW

174 14. It is intended to review this publication regularly in order to keep it up to

179 TABLE OF CONTENTS

180 LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................. IX

208 LIST OF FIGURES

229 CHAPTER 1 – LAND TARGETING CONTEXT

“What’s the point in targeting somebody if you then can’t hit

232 1. Targeting is a command function within a HQ. Though much of targeting is

260 a. Deliberate Targeting. Deliberate targeting is conducted against

262 operations, to be prosecuted on either a scheduled or on-call

266 b. Dynamic Targeting. Dynamic targeting is conducted against

279 7. Combat Engagement. Combat engagement is a type of targeting, but

292 TARGETING AND JOINT FIRES

293 8. There needs to remain a distinction between targeting and offensive

301 9. The full process of target development, prosecution approval by a target

315 TARGETING PROCESS

327 Figure 1-2 Joint Targeting Cycle

328 Figure 1-3 Army Targeting Cycle

367 CHAPTER 2 – TARGETING STRUCTURES

375 COMMAND AND CONTROL

Command and Control

G2 Tgts G2 Plans Tgt Cell