9th Class English 2020-21
9th Class English 2020-21
RT
TE
LA
NG
AN
AN
Teach my son...
NG
not true. But teach him also that for every scoundrel there is a hero;
that every selfish politician, there is a dedicated leader. Teach him that
every enemy there is a friend. It will take time, I know, but teach him if
you can, that a dollar earned is of far more value than five found.
Teach him to learn to lose and also to enjoy winning. Steer him
away from envy. If you can, teach him the secret of quiet laughter. Let
him learn early that bullies are the easiest to lick.
LA
Teach him if you can, the wonder of books; but also give him
quiet some time to ponder the eternal mystery of birds in the sky, bees
in the sun, and flowers on a green hillside.In school, teach him it is far
more honourable to fall than to cheat. Teach him to have faith in his
own ideas, even if everyone tells him they are wrong. Teach him to be
gentle with gentle people and tough with the tough.
TE
Try to give my son the strength not to follow the crowd when
everyone is getting on the bandwagon.
Teach him to listen to all men but teach him also to filter all he
hears on a screen of truth and take only the good that comes through.
Teach him if you can, how to laugh when he is sad.
Teach him there is no shame in tears. Teach him to scoff at cynics
and beware of too much sweetness..
RT
Teach him to sell his brawn and brain to highest bidders, but never
to put a price on his heart and soul. Teach him to close his ears to a
howling mob and stand up and fight if he thinks he is right.
Treat him gently, but do not cuddle fine steel. Let him have the
courage to be impatient. Let him have the patience to be brave. Teach
him always to have sublime faith in mankind.
CE
This is a big order, but see what you can do. He is such a fine little
fellow, my son!
SC
ER
T
TE
LA
N
G
AN
A
© Government of Telangana, Hyderabad.
A
First Published 2013
AN
New Impressions 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017,
2018, 2019, 2020
NG
All rights reserved
LA
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in
a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any
means without the prior permission in writing of the
publisher, nor be otherwise circulated in any form of
TE
Printed in India
at the Telangana Govt. Textbook Press,
Mint Compound, Hyderabad,
Telangana.
A
Sri B. Tukaram, S.A., ZPHS, Karivena, Mahaboobnagar Dist.
Sri V. Johnson, S.A., ZPHS, Poranki, Krishna Dist
AN
Sri K. Danial Prabhakar, S.A., ZPHS, Markapuram, Prakasam Dist.
Dr. D. Aruna Devi, Lecturer, GIASE, Masabtank, Hydeerabad.
Sri B. Ashok Reddy, SA, ZPHS, Battuguda, Nalgonda Dist.
NG
Sri Khanderao Ramesh Rao, S.A., GHS, Huzurabad, Karimnagar Dist.
Member Coordinators
Sri G. Raghava Reddy, Lecturer, DIET, Nalgonda Dist.
Sri R. Manga Reddy, Staff Tutor, ELTC, DIET, Nalgonda Dist.
LA
Sri Navuluri Peraiah, S.A.,ZPHS, Ponnaluru, Prakasam Dist.
Chief Coordinator
Dr. P. Jani Reddy, Lecturer, DIET, Vikarabad, Ranga Reddy Dist.
TE
Advisors
Dr. D. Kanaka Durga, Rtd. Prof. Osmania University, Hyderabad.
Dr. D. Vasundara, Principal Govt. Degree College, Shadnagar, Mahabubnagar.
T
Editors
Dr. Amrit Lal Khanna, ELT Consultant, Rtd. Associate Prof., University of Delhi.
Dr. K.N. Anandan, Linguist and ELT Consultant, Kerala.
Dr. P.K. Jayaraj, Faculty, RIESI, Bengaluru.
SC
Chief Editor
Dr. Rama Kant Agnihotri, Rtd. Professor, University of Delhi.
Illustrators
Sri Syed Hashmatullah, DM, GHS Kazipet (Jageer), Warangal Dist.
Sri K. Srinivas, Artist, APOSS, SCERT, Hyderabad.
Sri J. Venkata Swamy, SA, Govt High School, Farooq Nagar, Mahabubnagar Dist.
Sri K. Nookaraju, ZPHS, Katheru, Rajahmundry, EG Dist.
Layout Design
Kurra Suresh Babu, B.Tech., M.A., M.Phil (Journalism).
Free distribution by T.S. Government 2020-21 III
Preface
The State Council of Educational Research and Training has developed the State
Curriculum Framework - 2011 and Position Papers in tune with the National Curriculum
Framework - 2005 and the Right to Education Act - 2009. Accordingly a new set of textbooks
has been designed to be introduced in a phased manner. In the year 2012-13, the first of this
series of textbooks has developed for classes I, II, III, VI, and VII. In the year 2013-14 for
the remaining classes IV, V, VIII and IX textbooks have developed. Practicing teachers
have been involved in the production of the textbooks along with the state level and national
A
level experts.
Hitherto, English was introduced in Non-English Medium Schools in class III. The State
AN
Government introduced English for the first time in class I in 2011-12 in all Non-English
Medium Schools also. In the year 2012-13, English has been introduced in class II in all
Non-English Medium Schools. With this, all classes from I to X will have English as one of
the subjects, irrespective of the medium of instruction. Therefore, in order to have parity
NG
among students of English and non- English medium, a common English textbook was
introduced in all media from June 2012. Moreover, since IT enabled learning, multilingualism,
and language across the curriculum would greatly enhance the child's learning, it would not be
a problem for the non- English medium child to learn English as effectively as the child in
English medium does. This single textbook norm is already in practice in many states including
LA
Tamilnadu, Bihar, and Kerala. Further, students of all media have a common English Textbook
at Intermediate level in our state.
This textbook, “Our World through English” class IX, is an integrated one in the
sense it has The Main Reader component, The Supplementary Reader component and The
TE
Workbook component interwoven into a single textbook. Hence, these components are
found in each and every unit. The language skills listening, speaking, reading, and writing are
integrated in the larger context of the themes as suggested in NCF - 2005. The activities are
so designed as to ensure the holistic treatment of language.
Inclusion of Gender Sensitivity and Child Sexual Abuse in School Text Books published
T
sexual abuse, self esteem and life skills. In these areas safety mechanisms and laws related to
child protection are taken care of. Hence, the teachers must know about these things and
bring awareness among all the stakeholders.
The main aim of teaching English is to help learners evolve themselves as independent
SC
users of English. I hope this textbook will help teachers and students achieve this by making
the teaching-learning process effective.
I thank all the institutions and experts at the state and national level, the members of the
Textbook Production and Development Committees, the staff members of the SCERT, T.S.
Hyderabad and all others who have contributed directly or indirectly for the successful
production of this textbook.
Any suggestions for the improvement of this book are welcome.
12-11-2012 Director
Hyderabad SCERT., Hyderabad.
A
2. Games and Sports A. True Height July 25-44
AN
B. What Is a Player ? (Poem)
C. V.V.S. Laxman, Very Very Special
NG
B. Not Just a Teacher, but a Friend (Poem)
C. Homework
Appendices 167-180
Listening Texts 167-173
About the Textbook and Assessment Procedures 174-180
NG
Telangana is most grateful to the following for their valuable
contributions in the development of this book - Professor
R.K.Agnihotri, Dr.A.L.Khanna, Dr. K.N.Anandan and P.K.Jayaraj.
LA
The Council also thanks the following authors, copyright holders
for permission to use stories, articles, and poems included in this
book.
TE
Taylor, V.V.S. Laxman, Very Very Special from Sportstar, Not Just a
Teacher, but a Friend from www.familyfriendpoems.com, Homework
ER
It has not been possible to trace the copyright in all the cases.
The publishers apologise for any omissions and would be glad to hear
from any such unacknowledged copyright holders.
Jana-gana-mana-adhinayaka, jaya he
Bharata-bhagya-vidhata.
Punjab-Sindh-Gujarat-Maratha
A
Dravida-Utkala-Vanga
AN
Vindhya-Himachala-Yamuna-Ganga
Uchchhala-Jaladhi-taranga.
NG
Tava shubha name jage,
Tava shubha aasisha mage,
Gahe tava jaya gatha,
LA
Jana-gana-mangala-dayaka jaya he
Bharata-bhagya-vidhata.
TE
PLEDGE
ER
A
What you have to do
AN
• You learn most of the things through interactions, discussions and sharing; better
learning takes place when you participate in them actively.
• Try to understand the main ideas by guessing the meaning of words and sentences.
You may use the glossary given at the end of the text or use a dictionary.
NG
• Try to identify the features of the text (such as story, essay, poem, etc.) you are
reading and share them with your classmates.
• While working in groups, take turns to share what you could understand, what you
could not understand and the parts you liked the most.
LA
• Think critically (offer multiple points of view) to answer the questions the teacher
asks you.
• Your teacher will give you a possible writing task (conversation, description,
TE
narrative, etc.) after reading a part of the text. Brainstorm the task in the whole class
and then attempt it individually and present it before the group /class.
• After getting further inputs/feedback from your teacher / group, work individually
to improve your writing. Share your writing with your group to refine it.
T
• The project work and the study skills are as important as the other components in a
unit.
ER
• Most of the examination will be text independent. You will get unseen texts to
answer writing tasks relating to language.
• At the end of each unit you will find a page meant for self assessment. You are
SC
A
AN
NG
LA
TE
T
ER
SC
1. What would have prompted the monkey to look at its own reflection in the mirror?
2. What could be the monkey thinking at this point?
Now read the story, in which a doctor describes a snake that looks into a
mirror.
A
to my room. I heard a noise from above as I opened the door. The sound was a familiar one.
One could say that rats and I shared the room. I took out my box of matches and lighted the
AN
kerosene lamp on the table.
NG
LA
TE
T
ER
The house was not electrified; it was a small rented room. I had just set up medical
practice and my earnings were meagre. I had about sixty rupees in my suitcase. Along with
SC
some shirts and dhotis, I also possessed one solitary black coat which I was then wearing.
I took off my black coat, white shirt and not-so-white vest and hung them up. I opened
the two windows in the room. It was an outer room with one wall facing the open yard. It had
a tiled roof with long supporting gables that rested on the beam over the wall. There was no
ceiling. There was a regular traffic of rats to and from the beam. I made my bed and pulled
it close to the wall. I lay down but I could not sleep. I got up and went out to the veranda for
a little air, but the wind god seemed to have taken time off.
I went back into the room and sat down on the chair. I opened the box beneath the table
and took out a book, The Materia Medica. I opened it at the table on which stood the lamp
and a large mirror; a small comb lay beside the mirror.
A
shaking decision. I would always keep that attractive smile on my face . . . to look more
handsome. I was after all a bachelor, and doctor too on top of it!
AN
Again came that noise from above.
I got up, lit a beedi and paced up and down the room. Then another lovely thought struck
me. I would marry. I would get married to a woman doctor who had plenty of money and a
NG
good medical practice. She had to be fat; for a valid reason. If I made some silly mistake and
needed to run away, she should not be able to run after me and catch me!
With such thoughts in my mind I resumed my seat in the chair in front of the table. There
were no more sounds from above. Suddenly there came a dull thud as if a rubber tube had
LA
fallen to the ground. . . surely nothing to worry about. Even so I thought I would turn around
and take a look. No sooner had I turned than a fat snake wriggled over the back of the chair
and landed on my shoulder. The snake’s landing on me and my turning were simultaneous.
TE
T
ER
SC
A
There was some pain in my left arm. It was as if a thick leaden rod – no, a rod made of
molten fire – was slowly but powerfully crushing my arm. The arm was beginning to be
AN
drained of all strength. What could I do?
At my slightest movement the snake would strike me! Death lurked four inches away.
Suppose it struck, what was the medicine I had to take? There were no medicines in the
room. I was but a poor, foolish and stupid doctor. I forgot my danger and smiled feebly at
NG
myself.
It seemed as if God appreciated that. The snake turned its head. It looked into the mirror
and saw its reflection. I do not claim that it was the first snake that had ever looked into a
mirror. But it was certain that the snake was looking into the mirror. Was it admiring its own
LA
beauty? Was it trying to make an important decision about growing a moustache or using
eye shadow and mascara or wearing a vermilion spot on its forehead?
TE
T
ER
SC
A
“No,” the doctor said. “God willed otherwise. My life companion is a thin reedy person
with the gift of a sprinter.”
AN
Someone else asked, “Doctor, when you ran, did the snake follow you?”
The doctor replied, “I ran and ran till I reached a friend’s house. Immediately I smeared
oil all over myself and took a bath. I changed into fresh clothes. The next morning at about
eight-thirty I took my friend and one or two others to my room to move my things from
NG
there. But we found we had little to carry. Some thief had removed most of my things. The
room had been cleaned out! But not really, the thief had left behind one thing as a final
insult!”
“What was that?” I asked.
LA
The doctor said, “My vest, the dirty one. The fellow had such a sense of cleanliness . . .!
The rascal could have taken it and used it after washing it with soap and water.”
“Did you see the snake the next day, doctor?”
TE
The doctor laughed, “I’ve never seen it since. It was a snake which was taken with its own
beauty!”
- Vaikom Muhammad Basheer
(Translated by V.Abdulla)
T
A
gable (n) : upper part of a wall below a sloping roof
parting (n) : a line on a person’s head where the hair is divided with
AN
a comb
pace (v) : to walk up and down many times
thud (n) : (here) a dull sound made when a heavy object falls
wriggled (v)
slithered (v)
quarters (n)
:
:
:
NG
moved by twisting and turning
moved / glided
parts of the body
LA
hood (n) : an expanded part of a snake’s head
molten (adj) : heated to a very high temperature
TE
A
7. What did the doctor think about the snake when it looked into the mirror?
AN
8. Why did the doctor run to his friend’s house? Did the snake want to harm the
doctor? Why or why not?
II. Here is a list of sentences from the story. Tick (9 ) the sentences that
NG
tell you that the doctor was afraid of the snake.
6. I don’t claim that it was the first snake that had ever
ER
Vocabulary
A
c. expensive
AN
4. I made another earth-shaking decision.
a. valuable
b. dangerous
5.
c. important
NG
The room was surrounded by darkness.
a. full of
LA
b. covered
c. encircled
6. Some thief had removed most of my things.
TE
a. damaged
b. destroyed
c. stolen
T
II. Read the following sentence from the text and notice the underlined
word.
ER
Suddenly there came a dull thud as if a rubber tube had fallen to the ground.
‘Thud’ means a low dull sound.
SC
Here is a list of words related to sounds. Say what these words mean. Refer
to a dictionary.
Word Meaning
bang
clang
buzz
ring
A
took off his clothes and lay down _________________ he could not sleep. He got
AN
up from the bed and started reading a story-book. Near the table there was a mirror,
_________________ tempted him to look into at himself. He was unmarried
NG
_________________ he was particular about his handsomeness. He wanted to
marry a woman doctor _________________had plenty of money and should be
fat. _________________ he was having such thoughts, suddenly he felt
LA
_________________ a rubber tube had fallen to the ground _________________
a snake landed on his shoulder. At that time the only thing he could do was to pray to
God. The snake would bite him at any moment _________________ suddenly it
TE
turned its head and started admiring its beauty in the mirror. The doctor was thus
saved .
as if, but, who, when, which, so, while
T
ER
Grammar
We found we had little to carry. Some thief had removed most of my things.
In the above two sentences, the first one is in the simple past (found, had) and
the second is in the past perfect tense (had removed).
As you can see, the action which occurred earlier, is expressed in the past perfect
tense, whereas the action which occurred later, is expressed in the simple past
tense.
Here are a few more examples.
1. Sujatha had arrived at the station before the train came.
A
The first one has been done for you.
AN
1. I brushed my teeth. I took my breakfast.
A. After I had brushed my teeth, I took my breakfast.
or
2.
A.
NG
I had brushed my teeth before I took my breakfast.
She started to go to market. It rained heavily.
______________________________________________________
LA
3. He completed his homework. He went to bed.
A. ______________________________________________________
TE
A. ______________________________________________________
ER
A
Use the above phrasal verbs in the blanks. Make necessary changes in the
verb forms.
AN
Venkata Rao was a rich man. He wanted to _____________________ some
business in the town. So he _____________________ a lot of money from the
bank. On an auspicious day he started his medical business, which prospered by
NG
leaps and bounds. He became so busy that he could not
_______________________ for any rest. He used to _____________________
very early in the morning and go to his office. In the afternoon he would
LA
__________________________ his shirt and _______________ on his couch
in the office. After a nap he would put on his shirt. Then he would ____________
the mirror and _________________ himself admiringly.
TE
Writing
ER
A
AN
For the best write-up on
NG
IN HUMAN LIFE
LA
Deadline for Entries
JULY 27
The Award Annually Honours ( Give your contact
TE
details)
One Print Media Journalist
in each of the following three
categories: For Further
T
information and
published entries
2. Urdu CONTACT:
SC
3. English
President,
The Hyderabad
Each Award
carries Laughing Club
Public Gardens, Nampally,
A
What are the other details highlighted?
• What should be highlighted in a poster?
AN
• Who are the targetted audience of the poster?
Now prepare a poster using the information given below by arranging it in
NG
a proper sequence.
Highlights Information
LA
Theme Humour
Occasion The Laughter Day
TE
A
Snake and the Mirror’. She laughed heartily. He went on talking about cobras and some
AN
funny facts (associated) related to them. He said to her, “Cobras are the most poisonous,
active and dangerous snakes. But, surprisingly, most Hindus worship them. It is funny to
NG
know that some women drop eggs and pour milk into the ant hills where cobras usually
reside.
It is funny to know that some people believe cobras dance to the tunes of charmers. In
LA
fact, they have no ears. It is equally humorous to be aware of the fact that most cobra victims
go to the charmers instead of the doctors. The charmers enchant some so-called mantras
TE
taking some neem leaves into their hands. The cobra victim dies and they say the victim
came late to them. It is funnier to know that some farmers cremate cobras and perform
T
funeral rites as if one of the members of their family died.” “Are there any other funny
ER
stories related to cobras?” the young wife enquired. “Yes. There are so many stories to tell
but I will tell them tomorrow. The patients may be waiting for me at hospital,” the doctor
said and left for hospital in a hurry.
SC
Listening
I. Your teacher will tell you the story, ‘Master of the Game.’ Listen to it
carefully and answer the following questions.
1. What made the old man talk to the boys?
2. Why did the boys stop playing cricket in the night outside the old man’s
house?
Free distribution by T.S. Government 2020-21 15
B Reading
A
Over the fields and the water too,
AN
As if you never would stop!
NG
And I long to go out in the world beyond!
A
And would probably give me the roo-
AN
Matiz!” said the Kangaroo.
Love of a Kangaroo!”
ER
A
birds and animals; making coloured drawings during his journeys;
as an author, Lear is principally known for his popular nonsense works, rather than as a
AN
travel writer. These show a great ability to use with relish the sound of real and invented
English words. The poem ‘The Duck and the Kangaroo’ is a poem with a touch of light
humour.
Glossary NG
LA
long (v) : want / wish very much
hop (v) : move by jumping
TE
roo-matiz (n) : a disease that makes the muscles and joints painful
ER
1. Why did the Duck get bored in life? What did it want to do?
2. What problem did the Kangaroo find with the Duck? How was it solved?
3. Who was happy in the end? Why?
4. What is the underlying message in the poem?
II. Read the above poem once again and choreograph it as described
here under.
Do you know how to process choreography?
Here is the process.
18 Free distribution by T.S. Government 2020-21
Think of the following.
1. How do we begin the poem?
(Sing the poem three or four times to register the tune and rhythm.)
2. What are the characters in the poem?
(The Duck and the Kangaroo)
3. What is the theme of the poem?
(Wish of the Duck to go round the world)
4. What is the theme of each stanza? (sub themes)
A
Sl. No. Stanza Theme
AN
1. First Wish of the Duck to hop and go round the world
2. Second Requesting the Kangaroo to take her for a ride
3. Third Conditional acceptance of the Kangaroo
5.
4.
5.
Fourth
Fifth NG
Assurance of comfort from the Duck’s side
Fulfilment of desire
Convert the themes into incidents and performable actions.
LA
6. What are the actions involved in the poem?
• Boredom with present life (feelings of boredom, pain)
• Desire to go round the world (miming)
TE
Little Bobby
A
was making dinner.
AN
His birthday was coming
up and he thought this was a
good time to tell his mother
what he wanted.
Mom, I want a bike for
my birthday.
NG
LA
Little Bobby was a bit of
a troublemaker.
TE
Bobby’s mother wanted Bobby to reflect on his behaviour over the last year and said,
“Go to your room, Bobby, and think about how you have behaved this year. Then write a
letter to God and tell Him why you deserve a bike for your birthday.”
Little Bobby stumped up the steps to his room. Jessy, his pet dog followed him. Bobby
thought for some time and sat down to write a letter to God. Jessy sat beside him and
started watching what Bobby was doing.
A
Bobby knew that this wasn’t true. He had not been a very good boy this year,
AN
So he tore up the letter and started again to write another letter.
Letter 2
NG
Dear God,
This is your friend Bobby. I have been a good boy this year and I would like a
red bike for my birthday. Thank you,
Your friend,
LA
Bobby
TE
Bobby knew that this wasn’t true either. So, he tore up the letter and started again.
Letter 3
Dear God,
T
I have been an OK boy this year. I still would really like a bike for my birthday.
ER
Bobby
Bobby knew he could not send this letter to God either. So, Bobby wrote the fourth
SC
letter.
Letter 4
God,
I know I haven’t been a good boy this year. I am very sorry.
I will be a good boy if you just send me a bike for my birthday.
Please! Thank you,
Bobby
A
He looked around to see if anyone was there.
Bobby bent down and picked up a small statue of Mary, the mother of God.
AN
He slipped the statue under his shirt and ran out of the church, down the street, into
the house, and up to his room.
He shut the door of his room and sat down with a piece of paper and pen.
Bobby began to write his letter to God.
Letter 5 NG
LA
God,
I’VE KIDNAPPED YOUR MOM. IF YOU WANT TO SEE HER AGAIN,
SEND THE BIKE!!!
TE
Bobby
- Ritcha Rao
Glossary
T
A
Programme Watching Watching Watching
AN
1 News
2 Cookery
3 Film Reviews
NG
4 Daily Serials
5 Reality Shows
6 Cartoon
LA
Programmes
7 Movies
8 Discussions
TE
During the survey: Collect the information to know how frequently people watch
ER
A
C. Little Bobby
AN
I was able to do the exercises given under ‘Vocabulary’.
I was able to use the combination of ‘the Past Perfect and
the Simple Past’.
I was able to use the phrasal verbs given under ‘Grammar’.
Sometimes we get teased for the way we look. Friends family, media and
advertisements can also influence how we feel about our body. We may even think about
ER
changing our looks. But we do not make our body. Nature does. We need not take pride in
or feel ashamed of our body. Pride and shame come from behaviour. When others tease or
bully you, it tells us about the character of the bullier. They need to feel ashamed of their
SC
NG
Reading B : What Is a Player? (Poem)
Reading C : V.V.S. Laxman,
LA
Very Very Special
TE
T
ER
SC
A
AN
NG
LA
TE
T
ER
SC
Oral activity: Speech - “The dream of my life and how I am going to achieve it.”
True Height
This story talks about the feelings of an athlete as he pursues his dream. Read
about a nerve-wracking day in Michael Stone’s life as he prepares to take the ultimate
test of his sports career. It is an awe-inspiring achievement that will leave you breathless.
A
AN
NG
His palms were sweating. He needed a towel to dry his grip. A glass of ice water
quenched his thirst but hardly cooled his intensity. The astroturf he sat on was as hot as the
competition he faced today at the National Junior Olympics. The pole was set at 17 feet.
LA
That was three inches higher than his personal best. Michael Stone confronted the most
challenging day of his pole-vaulting career. The stands were still filled with about twenty
thousand people, even though the final race had ended an hour earlier.
The pole vault is truly the glamorous event of any track and field competition. The
TE
sportsman combines the grace of a gymnast with the strength of a bodybuilder. Pole-vaulting
also has the element of flying, and the thought of flying as high as a two-storeyed building
is a mere fantasy to anyone watching such an event. Today it is not only Michael Stone’s
reality and dream – it is his quest.
T
mother read him numerous stories about flying when he was growing up. Her stories were
always the ones that described the land from a bird’s-eye view. Her excitement and passion
for details made Michael’s dreams full of colour and beauty. Michael had this one recurring
dream. He would be running down a country road. He could feel the rocks and chunks of
SC
dirt at his feet. As he raced down the golden-lined wheat fields, he would always outrun the
locomotives passing by. He would begin soaring like an eagle.
Where he flew would always coincide with his mother’s stories. His dad, on the other
hand, was not a dreamer. Bert Stone was a hard-core realist. He believed in hard work and
sweat. His motto: If you want something, work for it!
From the age of fourteen, Michael did just that. He began a very careful and regimented
weightlifting programme. He worked out every other day with weights, with some kind of
running work on alternate days. The programme was carefully monitored by Michael’s coach,
trainer and father. Michael’s dedication, determination and discipline was a coach’s dream.
A
immediately began preparing for his next attempt at flight. He seemed oblivious of the fact
AN
that he had just surpassed his personal best by three inches and that he was one of the final
two competitors in the pole-vaulting event at the National Junior Olympics.
Michael cleared the bar at 17 feet and 2 inches and 17 feet 4 inches; again he showed
no emotion. Constant preparation and determination were his vision. As he lay on his back
NG
and heard the crowd groan, he knew the other vaulter had missed his final jump. He knew it
was time for his final jump. Since the other vaulter had fewer misses, Michael needed to
clear this vault to win. A miss would get him second place. Nothing to be ashamed of, but
Michael would not allow himself the thought of not winning first place.
LA
He rolled over and did his ritual of three finger-tipped push-ups. He found his pole,
stood and stepped on the runway that led to the most challenging event of his seventeen-
year-old life.
TE
The runway felt different this time. It startled him for a brief moment. Then it all hit
him like a wet bale of hay. The bar was set at nine inches higher than his personal best.
“That’s only one inch off the National record,” he thought. The intensity of the moment
filled his mind with anxiety. He began shaking off the tension from his body. It wasn’t
T
working. He became more tense. “Why is this happening to me now?” he thought. He began
ER
to get nervous. Fear would be a more accurate description. What was he going to do? He
had never experienced these feelings. Then out of nowhere, and from the deepest depths of
his souls, he envisioned his mother. Why now? What was his mother doing in his thoughts
at a time like this? It was simple. His mother always used to tell him whenever he felt tense,
SC
wasn’t dreaming. This was real. Everything seemed to be moving in slow motion. The air
around him was the purest and freshest he had ever sensed. Michael was soaring with the
majesty of an eagle.
It was either the eruption of the people in the stands or the thump of his landing that
T
brought Michael back to earth. On his back with that wonderful hot sun on his face, he
ER
could only envision the smile on his mother’s face. He knew his dad was probably smiling
too, even laughing. Bert would always do that when he got excited, smile and then sort of
giggle. What he didn’t know was that his dad was hugging his wife and crying. He was crying
harder than Mildred had ever seen before. She also knew he was crying the greatest tears of
SC
astroturf (n) : a type of artificial grass surface used especially for sports
grounds
pole vault (n) : a sport in which you use a long pole to swing over a high
barrier
A
a bird’s-eye view (n.phr) : view of all the aspects of something
AN
hard-core (adj) : strong
motto (n) : a saying that expresses aims and beliefs of a person
regimented (adj) : strict and organized
obsession (n)
NG
: a state in which a person’s mind is completely filled with
a thought of one particular thing / person
LA
oblivious (adj) : not aware of something / unaware
ritual (n) : any customary observance or practice
finger-tipped (adj) : the tips of fingers touching the ground
TE
4. Michael’s mother and father had different ideas about training. How did these two
approaches help Michael fulfil his dream?
Synonyms
Use a thesaurus / dictionary to find out synonyms of these words from the
story you have read and use them in your own sentences.
Word Synonyms
A
quench
AN
glamour
passion
persistence
NG
arrogant
pounding
LA
Collocations
A collocation is an arrangement of words or other elements, especially those that
TE
commonly co-occur.
A
childhood
express
AN
strong
warm
Grammar
NG
LA
Look at the following sentences taken from the reading passage.
1. As he raced down the golden-lined wheat fields, he would always outrun the
locomotives passing by.
TE
2. When he heard the singing of some distant robins in flight, he knew it was his time
to fly.
3. Since the other vaulter had fewer misses, Michael needed to clear this vault to win.
T
The above three sentences have two parts. In one part of the sentence is separated
ER
by ‘Comma’ which lacks complete sense. It has to depend on the other part of the
sentence for complete sense.
The sentence part that is incomplete is dependent clause and the sentence part that
SC
A
Clause Clause
AN
NG
Complete the following sentences with appropriate Adverbial clauses. Use
the adverbs wherever they are given in brackets.
LA
1. The teacher entered the class, ____________________________.
2. The dog ran into a speeding car, __________________________.
TE
Editing
You have read the story of Michael Stone. Think of some world-famous sporting
personalities from India. Collect information about any one of them and write a
biographical sketch.
You may include the following.
A
1. Date and place of birth
AN
2. Information about the family
3. Hardships/difficulties faced.
NG
4. Achievements of the person: awards, prizes, honours etc.
5. Important events in the life of the person: education, marriage, profession etc.
6. Inspiration to others / message to the society
LA
7. Contribution to his/her field and society
TE
Study Skills
T
You have finished reading the text “True Height”. Write a few lines about your
ER
self.
Use the following ideas to complete your summary effectively.
What is your goal at present?
SC
I. Tick ( 9 ) only the correct ones from the statements given below.
A
1. Sachin and Gambhir opened the Indian innings. ( )
2. Umar Gul opened the Pakistan’s attack. ( )
AN
3. Laxman is one among the Indian squad. ( )
4. Gul bowled out Gambhir. ( )
NG
5. India is 15 without loss after the fourth ball of the first over. ( )
India Vs Pakistan
Name of the batsman Runs scored No. of balls faced Fours Sixes
T
1. Sehwag
2. Gambhir
ER
Oral Activity
Imagine, you were listening to the commentary, your father came there and reminded
you of the ensuing examinations. He said, “Listening to cricket commentary is a
waste of time.”
Now develop a conversation between you and your father and role play it.
What Is a Player?
A player is one, who doesn't give up at the sight of defeat,
A
But learns from their mistakes and puts them beneath.
AN
A player is one who doesn't give up at the sound of the buzzer,
Always giving what they have from one side of the court to the other.
NG
A player is one who doesn't whine about their playing time,
They are the ones running on hurt ankles, admitting they’re fine.
SC
Jessica Taylor was born in Louisiana. She is a young poetess. She has developed
her love for music and poetry at an early age. Most of her poems have focussed on
emotional issues with an emotional touch. “Loneliness”, “I Miss You”, “I Hate”, and
“I Am Worried” are some of her popular poems.
A
Glossary
AN
give up (phr.v) : leave
NG
whine (v) : complain
pondering (v) : thinking about something carefully for a period of time
contemplating (v) : considering about
LA
chicken out (phr.v) : to decide not to do something because of fear
4. The poet talks about certain Do’s and Don’ts for a true player. List them out in the
following table. One is done for you.
Do’s Don’ts
SC
A
One of the finest players in contemporary cricket has called it a day. For someone
who delighted cricket lovers with his brilliance with the willow for 16 long years in Test
AN
cricket, Vangipurapu Venkata Sai Laxman announced his retirement at a crowded media
conference in Hyderabad, ahead of the two-test series against New Zealand.
The 37-year-old star batsman, who was part of the fabulous batting line-up which
NG
helped India become the No.1 Test team, shares his experiences and thoughts in an
exclusive interview with Sportstar.
Sportstar: When you look back, how has the journey been
LA
in the world of cricket?
V.V.S.Laxman: It has been wonderful. I was lucky that the
Hyderabad Cricket Association promoted me and Zaki (Syed
TE
A
natural desire to be a doctor, coming from a family of doctors. Luckily, my father
gave me the complete freedom to choose any one of the two. Here the role of my
AN
uncle Baba Mohan was very crucial along with some of the coaches then.
SS : Do you believe that it will be difficult for the modern-day young talent to
NG
make it as big as you did? Have things changed a lot in this regard?
VVS : Frankly, now-a-days it is more easy to perform and be recognised because of the
media glare. There are many platforms for real talent to come good and the IPL is
LA
one such which pushes you into national reckoning. If you perform you are bound
to get recognized.
TE
SS : From where did you draw the strength to emerge as a giant every time there
was an effort to dwarf your achievements?
VVS : My parents and my entire family again. They, along with my well-
T
or not.
VVS : There were many. But some stand out. Though I never played the
World Cup that saw India as the No.1 team, being a member of
the Indian team which was the world No.1 in Test cricket was
one of them. The 281 against the Aussies in Kolkata in 2001 was
another. That Test remains the most memorable match for me. In
fact, that Test series was very special for all the players for it
was also the best and the most memorable series. That series
gave us the confidence that we can be the best. Clearly, that was
the turning point of Indian cricket itself.
Free distribution by T.S. Government 2020-21 39
SS : When you look back, what were the
reasons for India becoming the No. 1
side?
VVS : It is important to remember that it was
not a sudden transformation which had
come in one year. It all started in early
2000 when Sourav (Ganguly) became the
captain. I feel lucky to have played under
A
Sourav, my first captain Sachin and M.S
AN
(Dhoni). They all led by example.
Everyone was a true performer and all
of them had traits of leadership.
SS : NG
How different was Sourav Ganguly as a captain?
VVS : I must say that the combination of Sourav and Coach John Wright was influential in
LA
changing the mindset of Indian cricket itself. For, it was then that we started doing
well consistently, especially abroad. And we had some amazingly talented individuals
with the hunger for success, who played with great pride, worked really hard and
TE
VVS : Well (with a big smile), when Sourav and I collided while taking a single in an Oval
ODI. It is still amusing and embarrassing, when I look back as to how it could have
ER
happened.
VVS : There was nothing like that. But, I would feel terribly disgusted whenever I dropped
a catch. I would feel sorry for the bowler who puts in such a great effort and the
chance is floored! That hurt me the most.
A
AN
SS : What is your favourite cuisine?
VVS : I am vegetarian. I love to taste all sorts of dishes. Thai cuisines are my favourite.
NG
SS : What kind of music do you normally listen to and who are your favourite
singers?
VVS : India has been very fortunate to have seen so many great musicians and singers.
LA
And, I love listening to Kishore Kumar and our own S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, with
whom I fortunately enjoy a special, personal relationship.
TE
A
immensely (adv) : to a great extent or extremely
integral (adj) : essential
AN
glare (n) : a focus of public attention
reckoning (n) : recognition / calculation
NG
mindset (n) : attitude / way of thinking
commitment (n) : assurance/ dedication
collide (v) : crash
LA
embarrassing (adj) : uncomfortable
cuisine (n) : a style of cooking; food cooked in a certain style
TE
2. What role did Laxman play in making India, No. 1 test cricket team?
On the basis of your reading of V.V.S. Laxman’s interview with Sportstar
ER
1. Home ground
2. Teams he represented
3. Levels he played at
4. People who influenced him
5. Things he likes / his hobbies
6. Memorable events
7. His message
Write your views and reflections on V.V.S. Laxman in about 100 – 120 words.
Discuss the following questions in groups before writing individually.
What is the main idea that you wish to project?
What are the supporting ideas that you think of?
A
How do you organize your ideas into paragraphs?
AN
How do you link your thoughts?
How do you conclude?
Project Work
NG
Collect the information from newspapers, magazines, periodicals and books
LA
about two famous Indian sports persons and prepare their profiles.
Fill the details of the following information and you may use them as tips
TE
Name
Date of Birth
T
Height
ER
A
B. What Is a Player?
C. V.V.S. Laxman, Very Very Special.
AN
I was able to do the exercise given under ‘Vocabulary’.
I was able to identify and use ‘the main clause and the subordinate
clause’ in a sentence given under ‘Grammar’.
I was able to write a biographical sketch.
NG
I listened to and understood the cricket commentary and
answered the questions.
LA
I was able to develop an oral conversation.
I was able to write my personal views and reflections on
V.V.S. Laxman in a paragraph.
TE
We follow rules while playing sports. We also have ‘Personal Body Safety Rules’
ER
NG
Reading B : Not Just a Teacher, but a Friend (Poem)
Reading C : Homework
LA
TE
T
ER
SC
A
AN
NG
LA
TE
T
ER
SC
1. Do you agree with the action of the teacher as depicted in the picture? Give at
least one reason for your opinion.
2. Suggest ways of maintaining discipline that do not involve physical or verbal abuse.
A
headmaster surveyed the class for a few minutes and asked, ‘Are you not ashamed of coming
and sitting there after what you did yesterday?’ Just as a special honour to them, he read out
AN
the names of a dozen students or so that had attended the class. After that he read out the
names of those that had kept away, and asked them to stand on their benches. He felt that
punishment was not enough and asked them to stand on their desks. Swaminathan was among
NG
them and felt humiliated at that eminence. Then they were lectured. When it was over, they
were asked to offer explanations one by one. One said that he had an attack of a headache
and therefore could not come to school. He was asked to bring a medical certificate.
LA
The second said that while he had been coming to school on the previous day, someone
had told him that there would be no school, and he had gone back home. The headmaster
replied that if he was going to listen to every loafer who said there would be no school, he
TE
deserved to be flogged. Anyway, why did he not come to school and verify? No answer. The
punishment was pronounced: ten days’ attendance cancelled, two rupees fine, and the whole
day to be spent on the desk. The third said that he had an attack of a headache. The fourth
said that he had stomach ache. The fifth said that his grandmother died suddenly just as he
T
was starting for school. The headmaster asked him if he could bring a letter from his father.
ER
No. He had no father. Then, who was his guardian? His grandmother. But the grandmother
was dead, was she not? No. It was another grandmother. The headmaster asked how many
grandmothers a person could have. No answer. Could he bring a letter from his neighbours?
No, he could not. None of his neighbours could read or write, because he lived in a very
SC
illiterate part of Ellaman Street. Then the headmaster offered to send a teacher to this
illiterate locality to ascertain from the boy’s neighbours if the death of the grandmother
was a fact. A pause, some perspiration, and then the answer that the neighbours could not
possibly know anything about it, since the grandmother died in the village. The headmaster
hit him on the knuckles with his cane, called him a street dog, and pronounced the punishment:
fifteen days suspension.
When Swaminathan’s turn came, he looked around helplessly. Rajam sat on the third
bench in front, and resolutely looked away. He was gazing at the blackboard intently.
eyes on his; he felt that he would drop from the desk to the floor, if that happened. The pink
ears three benches off made him incapable of speech. If only somebody would put a
blackboard between his eyes and those pink ears!
He was deaf to the question that the headmaster was putting to him. A rap on his body
T
‘Why did you keep away yesterday?’ asked the headmaster, looking up. Swaminathan’s
first impulse was to protest that he had never been absent. But the attendance register was
there. ‘No-no-I was stoned. I tried to come, but they took away my cap and burnt it. Many
SC
strong men held me down when I tried to come.... When a great man is sent to gaol .... I am
surprised to see you a slave of the Englishmen.... Didn’t they cut off—Dacca Muslin—
Slaves of slaves ....’ These were some of the disjointed explanations which streamed into
his head, and, which, even at that moment, he was discreet enough not to express. He had
wanted to mention a headache, but he found to his distress that others beside him had one.
The headmaster shouted, ‘Won’t you open your mouth?’ He brought the cane sharply down
on Swaminathan’s right shoulder. Swaminathan kept staring at the headmaster with tearful
eyes, massaging with his left hand the spot where the cane was laid. ‘I will kill you if you
keep on staring without answering my question,’ cried the headmaster.
A
AN
NG
LA
TE
T
another whack on the back. The headmaster demanded what the young brigand had to say
about it. The brigand had nothing to say. It was a fact that he had broken the panes. They had
seen it. There was nothing more to it. He had unconsciously become defiant and did not
SC
care to deny the charge. When another whack came on his back, he ejaculated, ‘Don’t beat
me, sir. It pains.’ This was an invitation to the headmaster to bring down the cane four times
again. He said, ‘Keep standing here, on this desk, staring like an idiot, till I announce your
dismissal.’
Every pore in Swaminathan’s body burnt with the touch of the cane. He had a sudden
flood of courage, the courage that comes of desperation. He restrained the tears that were
threatening to rush out, jumped down, and grasping his books, rushed out muttering,
‘I don’t care for your dirty school.’
- R. K. Narayan
Free distribution by T.S. Government 2020-21 49
About the author
A
works of fiction include a series of books about
people and their interactions in an imagined town in
AN
India called Malgudi. He is credited with bringing
Indian literature in English to the rest of the world. Swami and Friends, The Bachelor
of Arts, The English Teacher and The Financial Expert are his popular works. The
NG
present extract is from Swami and Friends. His narratives highlight social context
and provide a feel for his characters through everyday life. In a writing career that
spanned over sixty years, Narayan received many awards and honours. These include
LA
the AC Benson Medal from the Royal Society of Literature and the Padma Vibhushan,
India's second-highest civilian award. He was also nominated to the Rajya Sabha, the
TE
Glossary
ER
A
restrain (v) : keep under control
AN
grasp (v) : seize and hold firmly
I. Answer the following questions.
1. Why do you think the headmaster entered the class with a flushed face and a
NG
hard ominous look?
2. Why did the headmaster send for the peon?
3. “I don’t care for your dirty school.” Why did Swami mutter so?
4. Do you justify the headmaster’s behaviour? If not, state your reasons.
LA
5. If you were in Swami’s place, how would you feel?
6. How could his friends have helped him stay out of trouble?
TE
II. Here are some utterances from the story. Complete the table.
Sl. Sentence spoken Who said to whom? What it shows about
No. by the characters the speaker
T
Vocabulary
A
AN
I. Pick out words from the story which are synonyms of the following
words and use them in your own sentences.
NG
Word Synonyms
beat
angry
LA
rascal
humiliation
TE
II. Look at the following phrasal verbs taken from the text.
1. keep away
2. look around
T
3. look at
4. bring down
ER
5. cut off
These phrases are verbs followed by prepositions or adverbial particles. You
may understand that they are phrasal verbs.
SC
You will notice that the following phrasal verbs ‘keep away’, ‘bring down’ and
‘cut off’ can be split as shown below.
Examples:
1. Keep the flies away.
2. Bring the patient down.
3. Cut it off.
The other two phrasal verbs cannot be split.
52 Free distribution by T.S. Government 2020-21
Use the following phrasal verbs in your own sentences and decide whether
you can split them as shown in the above examples.
A
look out
AN
III. Refer to a dictionary and pick out the phrasal verbs that begin with
the following verbs and write down sentences using them.
Verbs
bring
look
NG
Phrasal verbs beginning with the verb
LA
break
keep
TE
go
put
T
Grammar
ER
headmaster.
Headmaster : Why didn’t you come to school yesterday?
Swami : Sir, my mother was suffering from fever.
Headmaster : I don’t believe your words. You always say something or the
other to escape from school.
Swami : I’m speaking the truth, sir.
Headmaster : Well, I’ll come to your house tomorrow and talk to your
parents.
A
As you can see, while converting the direct speech into indirect speech,
the words in the bold are added to express the feelings, emotions, attitudes of
AN
the speaker and the sequences of the actions.
Read the following imaginary conversation between Swami and his father.
NG
Swami’s Father : My dear Swami, why are you looking so dull? Why haven’t
you gone to school today?
Swami : Daddy, I don’t like the school. The headmaster beats me every
LA
day.
Swami’s Father : Why does your headmaster beat you every day without any
reason? I’m sure you must be causing a lot of nuisance in
TE
school.
Swami : No Dad. The headmaster beats all my friends in the same way.
Swami’s Father : OK. What do you want to do now? Don’t you go to school and
T
A
Replace the underlined words ‘that’, ‘so’ and ‘it’ with suitable noun clauses.
AN
The headmaster entered the class furiously and said that he wanted to know the
reason for the absence of some students in the class the day before. One student
said that he had suffered from a severe headache. The headmaster said, “I don’t
NG
believe that”. The second said that somebody stopped him from coming to school.
The headmaster said, “I don’t think so”. The third said that he too had suffered from
a bad headache. On hearing that the headmaster shouted in anger. The fourth said
LA
that he had suffered from a terrible toothache. The headmaster said, “I don’t believe
it”. The fifth said, “My grandmother died suddenly”. The headmaster retorted that
he would ascertain it. He said, “I will come to your house tomorrow to know the
TE
fact.”
III. Editing
T
Read the following passage and edit (correct) the underlined parts.
Swami went home and says that the headmaster beats him severely. The parents
ER
asked that why the headmaster had beaten him. Swami said that the headmaster
beats him yesterday. Swami’s father said why the headmaster has beaten him without
any cause. Swami replied to his father that the headmaster beats him every day.
SC
Writing
I. What do you think Swami might have thought after he had left his
school? Write down his reflections in the form of a diary.
A
His parents asked him what happened at school.
AN
His mother looked at the scars on his shoulders.
His father wanted him to go to school.
Swami did not like to go to school.
NG
III. Imagine that your Headmaster wanted to serve a notice to check the
irregularity of the students. Now, on behalf of your Headmaster
prepare a notice for display.
LA
Study Skills
TE
I. Read the data given in the table and answer the questions that follow.
Reasons for Dropouts among Children Aged 5-14 Years - 1997-98
T
1. Child not being interested in studies 37.2 14.8 22.4 34.7 15.5 19.2
2. Parents not being interested in studies 15.5 6.3 9.2 10.8 4.5 6.3
3. Unable to cope 16.4 9.2 7.2 13.7 8.1 5.6
SC
A
the urban children than that of the rural children.
AN
b. Participation in other economic activities is high among urban female children
when compared with rural female children.
c. If we create interest in studies among the children, the literacy rate will
NG
increase in our country.
II. Write a report on dropouts using the information given in the above
table.
LA
You may begin the report like this.
This report is based on the data provided by MHRD for the year 1997-98
TE
for children who dropped out in the age group of 5-14 years...
Include the following
1. The financial reasons for dropouts
T
ER
Listening
Oral Activity
Imagine that you are the School Pupils’ Leader (SPL). Compere on the
A
Republic Day celebrations in your school.
You may include the following in your compering:
AN
Welcome address
Inviting the guests onto the dais
NG
Importance of the occasion
Request to continue the proceedings
Vote of thanks
LA
B Reading
Not Just a Teacher, but a Friend
TE
I still remember the day when I told you what I've been through
I thought I should run away, go hide in a hole
ER
A
I still have my fate
AN
I am so glad
That you were there when I was sad
And this is what makes you
Not just my 9th grade teacher, my friend
NG
LA
Glossary
TE
2. How does the teacher take the student out of his gloom?
3. Why does the student fail to estimate the teacher correctly?
4. How does the poet glorify the relationship between the teacher and the
student?
5. What qualities does a trustworthy person need to have?
6. Do you think its is a good idea to take an adult’s help when you are in trouble
or confused?
Homework has historically been given to students to reinforce what they learn at
A
school, and ultimately to help them learn the material better. However, too much homework
is not helpful, and can be counter-productive. Excessive amounts of time spent on
AN
completing homework can take away the kid’s social life, family time, and it limits their
participation in sports or other activities. The amount of homework a teacher has to give to
a student should be restricted.
NG
Critically acclaimed author, Tamim Ansary reports that since 1981, the amount of
homework given to an average sixth class child has increased by more than fifty per cent.
Many people claim that the increase in homework dates as far back as 1957. The new
LA
competition that emerged served as an incentive for schools to try to increase the volume
of the curriculum. The amount of homework increases with the increase in class.
Many teachers defend large
TE
A
Commission has reported
that in 1999, more than
AN
800 kids were treated in
emergency wards for
backpack-related injuries.
The large amount of homework is causing kids in both high school and junior high
LA
school to be up until midnight or later. When extracurricular activities such as sports, clubs,
etc are added to the picture, kids may even have to wake up early next morning to finish
their homework, leaving them with an insufficient amount of sleep. Some parents and teachers
TE
argue that it would be beneficial to a child’s academics to limit after school activities.
However, cutting the time out of the few hours a week teenagers use for exercise, could
be a factor in the growing obesity cases.
The number of children who are overweight has doubled in the last two to three decades;
T
currently one child out of five is overweight. These children are faced with more problems
ER
in school. Instead of learning and concentrating on their work, many children are developing
low self-esteem and even depression because of teasing. The cases of obesity are growing
most certainly due to lack of physical exercise. With more and more homework being
assigned, kids simply do not have enough time for proper amount of exercise.
SC
Homework also takes away the time that a kid could be spending with his or her
family. Rather than spending time bonding and building strong family relationships, parents
and children argue over homework. Time is taken away from important aspects of daily
life. This time is particularly precious in families with both the parents working. The time
spent by such parents with their children is very limited. This time could be better spent
going out to dinner as a family, or doing other activities that most families are not able to
do because the kids don’t have time to take a break from their homework schedule.
When assignments are given carelessly and frequently, it causes students to lose
interest in the subject. Negative results can also occur when a student is not able to complete
Free distribution by T.S. Government 2020-21 61
his or her homework. Many times they will resort to copying the homework, having others
do their assignments, or cheating in tests. Bad habits such as these are likely to haunt kids
through their lives and have an adverse effect on their moral judgement. Students will,
almost always take the easy way, when it comes to homework.
The use of homework is effective when used by the rule “less is more”. Overwhelming
kids with loads of homework can cause them stress and possible physical injury. Homework
takes away from the small amount of time kids get to spend with their parents and siblings.
A limit on their physical and social activities can also take a large toil on their lives, and
A
could hinder their health and future relationships.
AN
This is not to say that homework should be abolished, but it should be limited. The
homework should also be creative and interesting so that the child enjoys it.
Glossary
reinforce (v)
NG
: make a feeling or an idea stronger
LA
counter-productive (adj) : having the opposite effect to the intended
excessive (adj) : greater than what seems reasonable
TE
A
biographies fairy tales
AN
playlets stories
skits jokes
NG
scientific essays news reports
folklore diaries
songs magazines
LA
essays speeches
TE
1.
ER
2.
SC
3.
4.
5.
Prepare a pie chart with the collected data. Analyse the pie chart and name
the materials they enjoyed reading.
A
C. Homework
AN
I was able to pick out the synonyms for the words given
under 'Vocabulary'.
I was able to use the phrasal verbs in my own sentences given
under 'Vocabulary'.
I was able to replace 'so', 'that' and 'it' in the given passage with
LA
suitable noun clauses.
I was able to write my reflections on 'Swami' in a paragraph.
I was able to construct a narrative on 'Swami'.
TE
Point of View
Pertains to who tells the story and how it is told. The point of view of a story can
sometimes indirectly establish the author's intentions.
• Narrator - The person telling the story who may or may not be a character in the story.
• First-person - Narrator participates in action but sometimes has limited knowledge/
vision.
• Second person - Narrator addresses the reader directly as though s/he is part of the
story. (i.e. “You walk into your bedroom. You see clutter everywhere and…”)
A
AN
NG
LA
TE
T
ER
SC
Oral Activity: Speech - “The selfishness of human beings destroy the environment.”
Give suitable examples to substantiate your opinion.
A
a century ago to save his land.
AN
Chief Seattle became world famous for a moving speech he
made in 1854, just before his lands were taken from him and his
people. Seattle’s words resonate very well in the environmental
community, and are in fact considered to be something like ‘a gospel
of the greens’.
NG
“How can you buy or sell the sky, the warmth of the land? The idea is strange to us. If
we do not own the freshness of air and the sparkle of water, how can you buy them from
LA
us?”
Every part of the Earth is sacred to my people. Every shining pine needle, every sandy
shore, every mist in the dark woods, every clear and humming insect are holy in the memory
TE
and experience of my people. The sap which courses through the trees carries the memory
and experience of my people. The sap, which courses through the trees, carries the memories
of the red man.
T
ER
SC
We are a part of the Earth and it is a part of us. The perfumed flowers are our sisters;
the deer, the horse, the great eagle, these are our brothers. The rocky crests, the juices in
the meadows, the body heat of the pony, and the man, all belong to the same family. So,
T
when the Great Chief in Washington sends word that he wishes to buy our land, he asks
ER
much of us. The Great White Chief sends word, that he will reserve us a place so that we
can live comfortably to ourselves. He will be our father and we will be his children. So we
will consider your offer to buy land. But it will not be easy. For, this land is sacred to us.
SC
This shining water that moves in streams and rivers is not just water but the blood of
our ancestors. If we sell you land, you must remember that it is the sacred blood of our
ancestors. If we sell you land, you must remember that it is sacred, and you must teach your
children that it is sacred and that each ghostly reflection in the clear water of the lakes tells
of events in the life of my people. The water’s murmur is the voice of my father's father.
The rivers of our brothers quench our thirst. The rivers carry our canoes and feed our
children. If we sell you our land, you must remember to teach your children that the rivers
are our brothers, and yours, and you must henceforth give the rivers the kindness that you
would give my brother.
A
condition - the white man must treat the beasts of this land as his brothers.
AN
I am a savage and do not understand any other way. I have seen thousands of rotting
buffaloes on the prairie, left by the white man who shot them from a passing train. I am a
savage and do not understand how the smoking iron horse can be made more important than
the buffalo that you kill only to stay alive.
NG
What is man without the beasts? If all the beasts were gone, man would die from a
great loneliness of the spirit. For whatever happens to the beasts, soon happens to man. All
things are connected.
Respect
LA
You must teach your children that the ground beneath their feet is the ashes of our
grandfathers. So that they will respect the land, tell your children that the Earth is rich with
TE
the lives of our kin. Teach your children what we have taught our children, that the Earth is
our mother. Whatever befalls the Earth befalls the sons of the Earth. If men spit upon the
ground, they spit upon themselves.
This we know - the Earth does not belong to man - man belongs to the Earth. All
T
things are connected like the blood which unites one family. All things are connected.
ER
Whatever befalls the Earth - befalls the sons of the Earth. Man did not weave the web
of life - he is merely a strand in it. Whatever he does to the web, he does to himself.
SC
A
brought you to this land and for some special purpose gave you dominion over this land and
AN
over the red man. The destiny is a mystery to us, for we do not understand when the buffalos
are slaughtered, the wild horses tamed, the secret corners of the forest heavy with the scent
of many men, and the view of the ripe hills blotted by talking wires. Where is the thicket?
Gone. Where is the eagle? Gone. The end of living and the beginning of survival.”
most agree that it contains the substance and perspective of Chief Seattle’s attitude
towards Nature and the White race.
T
Glossary
ER
canoe (n) : a small light narrow boat, pointed at both ends and moved
using a paddle
savage (n) : a member of a people regarded as primitive and
uncivilized
prairie (n) : (in North America) a large open area of grassland.
strand (n) : a single piece of thread, wire, hair etc.
compassion (n) : a strong feeling of sympathy and sadness for the suffering
and bad luck of others and a desire to help them
perish (v) : die especially in an accident or by being killed, or to be
destroyed
70 Free distribution by T.S. Government 2020-21
dominion (n) : control over a country or people - the British dominion
blotted (v) : kept from being seen; concealed
talking wire (n) : telephone wire
thicket (n) : an area of trees and bushes growing closely together
I. Answer the following questions.
1. Why does Chief Seattle say that the Earth is sacred to his people?
2. The speaker says, ‘I am a savage’. Who do you think is a savage, the Red
Indian or the White? Why?
A
3. Why does the Chief say ‘The destiny is a mystery to us’?
AN
4. “What is man without the beasts? If all the beasts were gone, man would die
from a great loneliness of the spirit.” Why?
5. Is man the sole owner of the Earth? Pick out sentences from the speech to
NG
justify your answer.
6. Why does the speaker say that if we spit on the ground, we spit on ourselves?
7. “All belong to the same family.” The speaker says this to mean ...........
LA
(a) all animals belong to one family (b) all animals and plants belong to the
same family (c) everything on the earth belongs to one family.
8. In his speech, Chief Seattle asks the audience a number of questions. He also
TE
creates vivid pictures in the minds of the audience. What are the other features
of the speech? List them.
Vocabulary
T
ER
The word warmth here suggests love, care, affection, intimacy, etc.
I. Which of the following words can be used to work out new combinations
with the word warmth? Use them in your own sentences.
friendship love honesty relationship hatred freedom
e.g. the warmth of friendship
Why do you think certain combinations are not possible?
Are there any other expressions of this kind in the reading material?
Work out new combinations and use them in your own sentences.
Grammar
A
The Verb Phrase
AN
Read the following sentences taken from the text.
1. We are a part of the Earth.
NG
2. You must teach your children that the ground beneath their feet is the ashes
of our grandfathers.
What is the relationship of the above underlined parts with the first
LA
part of the sentences?
What type of word do you see at the beginning of the underlined part?
Which is the most important word in it?
TE
You have learnt earlier that a sentence contains the subject and the predicate.
The underlined parts of the sentences given above are predicates. The important
word in a predicate is the verb.
T
As you can see, each of these predicates has at least one verb (sentences 1
ER
and 2). In the second sentence ‘must’ is the helping (auxiliary) verb and ‘teach’ is
the main verb.
I. List all the verb phrases in the following passage. Identify the main
SC
verbs.
Look at the river. It has very little water in it. Once it was flowing well. Now
it is dying. Can’t you hear the cries of the dying river? The water in it is polluted.
Do you get its stink? You cannot drink it. You cannot give this water even to animals.
Animals will not go near it. We must make the river live forever. We must make the
river our own companion.
II. Analyse the verb phrases you have already identified and list the
main verbs and the auxiliary verbs in each of them.
72 Free distribution by T.S. Government 2020-21
e.g: We have been living here for hundreds of years.
Writing
A
Read the last part of the speech of Chief Seattle once again.
AN
Are all the sentences of the same length? Obviously, not. The speech contains
long sentences (But in your ... over the red man), short ones ( Where is the thicket?)
and even fragments (Gone). Why do writers vary the length of the sentences? Again,
sentence length.
Is it varied?
Does it fit the mood you’re trying to convey?
T
Do you heavily favour short, simple sentences, or does the piece contain too many
paragraph-long sentences?
ER
To make your texts more interesting, you should use sentences of varying lengths
with a variety of structures.
SC
A
one of the largest man- made lakes. Hyderabad and Secunderabad are the twin
cities of the State. The lake connects these cities. It was originally constructed to
AN
supply drinking water. Now it is not used as a drinking water source. People say,
“This is sad. There is plenty of water. Nobody can drink it.” The lake faces a few
threats. The main threat is encroachment by both private and public agencies. The
NG
lake also faces the problem of pollution. One of the locals said, ‘Oh, sometimes it
stinks horribly.” This is due to the continuous discharge of domestic wastes and
industrial chemicals. Hence it is our duty to save the Hussain Sagar Lake.
LA
I Rewrite the sentences according to the directions given in the brackets.
1. The lake connects these cities. (Change into a question).
TE
2. It is in Hyderabad. It is one of the largest man- made lakes. (Combine the two
sentences using ‘and’.)
3. Hyderabad and Secunderabad are the twin cities of the State. The lake connects
T
these cities. (Begin the sentence with ‘The lake …’ and connect the two
sentences.)
ER
Read the speech made by Chief Seattle once again and reflect on the following
features.
The beginning and ending of the speech
The arguments and the building up of arguments in a sequential manner
II Prepare a speech that you would like to make on ‘The World Environment
Day’. You can make use of the following hints.
The threats to animal and plant life
A
The pollution of air, water and earth and the consequences
AN
The need to preserve our environment for ourselves and for the future
generations
Study Skills
NG
LA
Study the following table, which shows the ranking of districts in
Telangana in terms of industrial pollution intensity.
A
II. Write an analytical report on the pollution intensity in Telangana.
AN
Listening
Literary Terms
ER
Literary elements: The essential techniques used in literature (e.g., characterization, setting,
plot, theme).
Literary devices: Tools used by the author to enliven and provide voice to the writing (e.g.,
dialogue, alliteration).
SC
Metaphor: The comparison of two unlike things in which no words of comparison (like or as)
are used (e.g., That new kid in the class is really a squirrel.).
Narrative: A story, actual or fictional, expressed orally or in writing.
Personification: An object or abstract idea given human qualities or human form (e.g., Flowers
danced about the lawn.).
Satire: A literary tone used to ridicule or make fun of human vice or weakness.
Simile: A comparison of two unlike things in which a word of comparison (like or as) is used
(e.g., She eats like a bird.).
Metaphor vs. Simile : A metaphor is a direct relationship where one thing is another (e.g. “Juliet
is the sun”). A simile, on the other hand, is indirect and usually only likened to be similar to
something else. Similes usually use “like” or “as” (e.g. “Your eyes are like the ocean”).
76 Free distribution by T.S. Government 2020-21
B Reading
The River
River, river, little river!
Bright you sparkle on your way;
O’er the yellow pebbles dancing,
Through the flowers and foliage glancing,
A
Like a child at play.
River, river! swelling river!
AN
On you rush through rough and smooth;
Louder, faster, brawling, leaping,
Over rocks, by rose-banks, sweeping
NG
Like impetuous youth.
River, river! brimming river!
Broad and deep, and still as time;
Seeming still, yet still in motion,
LA
Tending onward to the ocean,
Just like mortal prime.
TE
Like eternity.
ER
- C.A. Bowles
SC
Free
Freedistribution
distributionby
byT.S.
T.S.Government
Government 2020-21 77
About the poet
Caroline Anne Bowles (1786-1854) was married to Robert Southey who was the
poet laureate of Britain. She wrote various other works including ‘Chapter on
Churchyard’ and ‘Tales of the Factories’.
Glossary
A
AN
sparkle (v) : reflect / shine
foliage (n) : leaves
NG
glancing (adj) : taking a brief look
swelling (adj) : increasing or expanding in size
brawling (adj) : struggling
LA
rose-banks (n) : riverbanks where roses (flowers) appear along
impetuous (adj) : rash / acting quickly without thinking
TE
headlong (adv) : with the head first and the rest of the body following
ER
III What are the images referred to in the poem? How do they add to the
beauty of the poem?
A
‘Her face shines as the moon in the sky.’
AN
Pick out similar expressions from the poem ‘The River’. Say why the poet
has made these comparisons. What would you compare them to?
1 young river
compared to?
a child
NG
What is the river Similarities
2
TE
4
T
ER
Now, read the last line of each stanza. What do these lines say about the
river?
SC
A
to see that the jackfruit tree still stood at the side of the building casting its shade on the
wall. He remembered his grandmother saying: ‘A blessing rests on the house where the
AN
shadow of a tree falls.’ And so the present owners must also be receiving the tree’s blessings.
At the spot where he stood there had once been a turnstile, and as a boy he would swing on
it, going round and round until he was quite dizzy. Now the turnstile had gone, the opening
NG
walled up. Tall hollyhocks grew on the other side of the wall.
‘What are you looking at?’
It was a disembodied voice at first. Moments later a girl stood framed between dark
red hollyhocks staring at the man. She was only twelve or thirteen, slim and dark, with
LA
lively eyes and long black hair.
‘I’m looking at the house,’ he said.
TE
T
ER
SC
A
‘It’s not funny,’ she said. ‘Even Mummy says he should have been a brigadier.’
AN
It was on the tip of his tongue to make a witty remark (‘Perhaps that’s why he’s still a
Colonel’), but he did not want to give offence. They stood on either side of the wall,
appraising each other.
buy it back now, but you don’t have the money?’ He did not look very prosperous.
‘No, I wasn’t thinking of buying it back, wanted to see it again, that’s all. How long
have you lived in it?’
‘Only three years,’ she smiled. She’d been eating a melon, and there was still juice in
T
A
‘I used to climb the jackfruit tree,’ he said, opening his eyes. ‘I didn’t like the jackfruit,
though. Do you?’
AN
‘It’s all right in pickles.’
‘I suppose so…. The tree was easy to climb; I spent a lot of time in it.’
‘Do you want to climb it again? My parents won’t mind.’
NG
‘No, no. Not after climbing the garden wall. Let’s just sit here for a few minutes and
talk. I mention the jackfruit tree because it was my favourite place. Do you see that thick
branch stretching out over the roof ? Half way along it there’s a small hollow in which I
used to keep some of my treasures.’
LA
‘What kind of treasures?’
‘Oh, nothing very valuable. Marbles I’d won. A book I wasn’t supposed to read. A few
old coins I’d collected. Things came and went. I was a bit of a crow, you know, collecting
TE
bright things and putting them away. There was my grandfather’s Iron Cross. Well, not my
grandfather’s exactly, because he was British and the Iron Cross’ was a German decoration
awarded for bravery during the War - the first World War - when my grandfather fought in
France. He got it from a German soldier.’
T
‘Dead or alive?’
ER
‘I beg your pardon? Oh, you mean the German. I never asked. Dead, I suppose. Or
perhaps he was a prisoner. I never asked Grandfather. Isn’t that strange?’
‘And the Iron Cross? Do you still have it?’
‘No’, he said, looking her in the eyes. ‘I left it in the jackfruit tree.’
SC
A
AN
NG
LA
TE
old medal.
He took it from her and turned it over on his palm.
ER
‘You may be right. I’m not really sure why I came. But you can keep the Cross. You
found it, after all.’
‘No, you keep it. It’s yours.’
‘But it could have remained in the tree for another twenty-five years if you hadn’t
climbed up to look for it.’
‘But if you hadn’t come back again....’
‘On the right day, at the right time, and with the right person’, he said, getting up and
placing the medal in her hands. ‘It wasn’t the Cross I came for. It was my youth.’
She didn’t understand that, but she walked with him to the gate and stood there gazing
A
About the author
AN
Ruskin Bond was born in Kasauli, Himachal Pradesh, in
1934. He wrote a number of short stories, essays, novels, and
NG
many books for children. The Room on the Roof was his first
novel, written when he was seventeen. It received the John Llewellyn Rhys Memorial
Prize in 1957. In 1992, he received the Sahitya Akademi Award for his short story
LA
collection, Our Trees Still Grow in Dehra, given by the Sahitya Akademi, India's National
Academy of Literature. He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1999 for contributions to
children's literature.
TE
Glossary
T
dizzy (adj) : having a sensation of spinning around and losing one’s balance
hollyhock (n) : a tall garden plant with large showy flowers
disembodied (adj) : (of a sound) lacking any obvious physical source
SC
A
4. Are the grandmother and Chief Seattle expressing the same feelings about trees
and nature? Why?
AN
Project Work
I. Visit five houses in your locality and collect the following information.
1. Number of members in the family.
a. adults b. children
T
A
sources and how the usage can be minimised for conserving drinking water.
AN
Group B
The water sources in the locality, how the water gets polluted and how it can be
prevented.
Group C
water?
Self Assessment
NG
What measures can be taken for conserving water and preventing pollution of
LA
How well have I understood this unit?
9 ) in the appropriate box.
Read and tick (9
Indicators Yes Somewhat No
TE
under 'Vocabulary'.
I was able to pick out the words that denote 'movement' from
the speech 'What is Man Without the Beasts?'
SC
NG
Reading B : Grabbing Everything on the Land (Poem)
Reading C : The Ham Radio
LA
TE
T
ER
SC
A
AN
NG
LA
TE
T
ER
SC
Oral Activity: Talk on - “Natural calamities and their effect on human life.”
A Havoc of Flood
Kurnool, a district with rock soil in Andhra Pradesh in the Krishna river basin, is
known as the land of rocky temples in Rayalaseema region. The headquarters of the district
A
with the namesake is a city with a population of 5 lakhs. Thousands of tourists from various
AN
parts of the State travel through the city on their way to tourist spots. The people of the city
welcome the tourists in a warm mood. This is a part of their daily routine. Every morning is
colourful for them.
NG
But on 28th of September 2009 no tourist visited the city from any part of the state.
No bus entered the city from any distant village or town. Something terrible happened,
which stopped the visitors.
On 27 September 2009 the city
LA
had a heavy rainfall. As the people had
to spend a damp, cold and cloudy day,
TE
A
The authorities estimated that about 40,000 people had taken shelter on the roof-tops.
AN
The floods inundated about 60 villages all over the district. Many of them completely
submerged. Much of the misery was caused by the Tungabhadra and the Handri Niva rivers,
tributaries of the Krishna. Several places, including Mantralayam, the seat of Sri Raghavendra
NG
Swamy Mutt, were under a sheet of ten feet of water for four days.
The government was forced to seek the help of the army and the navy. One of the IAF
(Indian Air Force) helicopters, requisitioned by the government, rescued 15 farmers trapped
in a swollen stream in a daring operation. The Sunkesula barrage across the Tungabhadra
LA
breached at two places as it could not discharge the massive flood.
Thirty relief camps were opened in Kurnool to provide food and shelter to at least
25,000 people rendered homeless. Many people lost everything they had. Apart from seeking
TE
the help of the army and the navy, the government requisitioned the personnel of the Disaster
T
ER
SC
A
lives leaving everything
AN
they had – houses,
properties, lands and
cattle. Heart-rending
sights welcomed them
when they were back
home after the flood
catastrophe. Poor cattle
NG
LA
-- cows and calves,
buffalos and bullocks
and other domestic animals, unaware of what was to come, had to die as they were fastened
TE
in their sheds. The grief-struck people stood aghast at their paddy fields, which were about
to be reaped, engulfed by the massive floods.
The government officials and voluntary organizations that arrived at the spot witnessed
T
relief supplies like food, drinking water and clothing among the flood survivors. The
relief teams reached some of the worst-hit areas and found that the people had lost their
whole lives, their memories, homes and loved ones. Thousands of people were misplaced
SC
from their homes. All of them were in need of food and drinking water. They were looking
on with wide open eyes for some help to meet their needs. No sooner had the relief teams
arrived there than their joy knew no bounds. A sigh of relief rejuvenated their faces. The
people were given food, bed sheets, lungis (wraparound skirts worn by men or women) and
towels. Some of them were half-naked. No sooner had they received the clothes than they
expressed their gratitude with the pulled down faces of two sleepless nights.
One of the sufferers of the flood was a widow of well past 40. She had four children.
No sooner had the relief team visited this family than they bitterly cried and held on to the
members of the team sharing their problems with tears rolling down the cheeks. She said
Free distribution by T.S. Government 2020-21 91
that when the surging waters rushed into her tiny mud shack, the flimsy structure collapsed.
She and her four children had to flee for shelter to a roadside situated above water level.
For two days she stayed there with her four children without food to eat and water to drink.
She said that she had to watch her young children suffer, not knowing what to do.
A
AN
NG
LA
TE
The relief team brought her and her four children to a flood relief distribution camp
which was being organized by the government in Kurnool. There she received rice, blankets
and other supplies her family needed. She felt that the help came as a great relief in her
T
utter despair. Many private donors were moved on seeing her children. They provided the
ER
mother with some rice, corn, some pots and pans for cooking. They also constructed a
temporary shed for her family. She expressed her gratitude with a beaming face saying that
she would remain ever thankful for the help she received.
SC
Glossary
basin (n) : an area of land along a river with streams running
down into it
namesake (n) : same name / a person named after another
dwelling (adj) : living / residing
gloomy (adj) : sad
92 Free distribution by T.S. Government 2020-21
inundate (v) : cover with water / submerge
enormous (adj) : extremely large / very big in size or amount
bear the brunt (idm) : to receive the worst effect of a bad situation
heart-rending (adj) : causing grief
frantically (adv) : in uncontrolled emotion due to fear or worry
rescue (v) : save from danger
tributaries (n) : rivers or streams that flow into a larger river
A
breach (v) : to make a hole or an opening
groping (v) : searching
AN
pathetic plight : a pitiful, difficult and sad situation
catastrophe (n) : a sudden disaster that causes many people to suffer
aghast (adj) : filled with horror and surprise
engulf (v)
rejuvenate (v)
shack (n)
:
:
:
NG
flow over / cover completely / immerse
look more lively again
hut
LA
flimsy (adj) : weak / feeble
donor (n) : a person or an organisation who gives something,
TE
1. What mood is highlighted throughout the description? Pick out the words that
suggest the mood.
ER
2. Which of the scenes in the text have moved you the most? Why?
3. Who played the key role in the rescue operation of the floods? What steps were
taken up by the government?
SC
4. “The flood victims were looking on with wide open eyes for some help to meet
their needs.” Can you guess their needs?
5. “Help always pays gratitude.” In what way is this statement true in the light of the
context?
6. How did the roaring floods disturb the lives of the people of Kurnool?
7. What relief measures would you suggest for the flood victims?
8. What inspiration can you draw from the last two paragraphs of the lesson?
A
I. Identify the meaning of ‘bright’ in each of the following sentences
and write your own sentences using ‘bright’ in different meanings.
AN
1. I like bright colours.
2. Tejaswini gave me a bright smile.
3. Sindu is a bright student.
4.
5.
6.
Yamuna has bright ideas.
NG
This young player has a bright future.
We took rest in a bright room.
LA
II. Several people and things are involved in rescue operations. There is
a description of a flood rescue operation. Complete the concept map
TE
Grammar
Read the following sentences from the text and notice the underlined
words / expressions.
1. No sooner had the relief team arrived there than their joy knew no bounds.
2. They had scarcely arrived at their destinations when the rain poured down.
In the above sentences the expressions “No sooner . . . than” and “scarcely . . .
A
or
B: I had scarcely put the phone down when it rang again.
AN
or
C: I had hardly put the phone down when it rang again.
NG
2. I arrived at the station. Then the bus came in.
A: ________________________________________________________
B: ________________________________________________________
LA
C: ________________________________________________________
3. I closed the door. Somebody knocked again.
A: ________________________________________________________
TE
B: ________________________________________________________
C: ________________________________________________________
4. She finished the meal. She started feeling hungry again.
T
A: ________________________________________________________
ER
B: ________________________________________________________
C: ________________________________________________________
5. Madhavi opened the door. The dog entered the room.
SC
A: ________________________________________________________
B: ________________________________________________________
C: ________________________________________________________
Editing
Writing
A
I In the reading passage, one of the victims of the flood, a woman
shared her sufferings with the flood relief team. On the basis of this,
AN
develop an interview by a news reporter.
News Reporter : Could you tell me what had happened?
Woman : ____________________________________________
N.R.
Woman :
N.R.
:
:
NG
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
LA
Woman : ____________________________________________
N.R. : ____________________________________________
TE
Woman : ____________________________________________
N.R. : ____________________________________________
II. Assume that you happened to read some of the articles / news reports on the
T
flood rescues. You were deeply moved by the sorrows of the victims of the
floods. You decided to raise funds for the cause. You wanted to share this
ER
idea with your classmates and seek their assistance in this matter.
Prepare a speech / a talk that you would like to make to convince
the donors about the need for raising funds for the cause.
SC
A
AN
NG
LA
TE
Study Skills
T
ER
Note - Making
We take notes when we read a book in order to record information for future
reference. Such notes help us to revise lessons easily before examinations.
SC
A
Use the ‘to-infinitive’ to indicate future time
AN
e.g. relief teams to help the people
Use abbreviations and acronyms
e.g. IAF, AIR
NG
Use condensed spelling of words
e.g. Dept. for Department, Dr. for Doctor
a) No tourists
b) No buses
II. 27-9-2009
T
a) heavy rainfall
ER
III. 28-9-2009
SC
A
Various phenomena like earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, floods and
cyclones are all natural hazards that kill thousands of people and destroy a lot of money and
AN
property each year.
Natural hazards can strike in unpopulated areas and never develop into disasters.
The rapid growth of the world’s population and its increased concentration often in hazardous
NG
environments has escalated both the frequency and severity of natural disasters. Tropical
climate, unstable land forms, deforestation and non-engineered constructions make the
disaster–prone areas more vulnerable. Developing countries suffer more or less chronically
LA
by natural disasters.
Listening
TE
Listen to the “News Bulletin” read by your teacher and answer the following questions.
1. What was the havoc caused by the flood?
T
Oral Activity
SC
Read the lesson “A Havoc of Flood” once again. On the basis of the ideas in
it, prepare a mock interview for a TV / newspaper.
Work in groups and collect the information about the havoc caused, relief operations
etc from the following.
1. Victims 2. Officials 3. Doctors
4. N.G.Os. (Non-Governmental Organisations / Voluntary Organisations)
In each group one member will be the reporter and the others will play the other
roles. Afterwards each group will make the presentation.
Free distribution by T.S. Government 2020-21 99
B Reading
A
Its fingers of foam, circling round,
Uprooting trees, smashing homes to the ground.
AN
It aimed its fist at everything in sight,
Nothing could survive this dreadful might,
NG
People ran in and out in time with the tide,
Nowhere to go and nowhere to hide.
- Lily Usher
A
fed by plates : pushed by the movements of rock in the earth
AN
potion (n) : water with a great force or strength
unleashed (v) : let loose
shriek (n) : a loud shout
white horses (n)
galloping (adj)
beasts (n)
:
:
:
NG
waves in the sea or ocean with white tops on them
increasing or spreading rapidly
big animals
LA
dissolved (v) : mixed in water and disappeared
heat (n) : (here) pressure
TE
A
even in business establishments and important commercial joints where people move around
in large numbers. Disaster might strike in the form of natural calamities, terrorist attacks
AN
and accidents. Thus an efficient disaster management system which will work in adverse
conditions is needed.
Disaster management crew must be well trained and equipped with the best appliances
NG
which might help them to communicate the condition they are in and the status of the
calamity in the region they work for. In times of natural calamity like floods, storms or fire
the usual mode of communication like phone, mobile etc might not work or might become
LA
inoperative in the calamity. Underground communication lines get disabled due to flooding,
cell towers are blown over or simply choke due to high utilization, backup generators run
out of fuel, or are filled up with water. This is where Ham Radio (Amateur Radio) comes
TE
into picture. Using HF (High Frequency) radio sets, messages can be conveyed or relayed
to long distance. Accurate picture of situation on the ground, requirements and key
information could be sent to disaster response team.
With Amateur Radio Operators, you have a ready workforce that is efficient with
T
regard to communicating with each other ‘efficiently’ and ‘effectively’. They are known
ER
for innovation and are adept at adapting to situations. Unlike commercial systems, Amateur
radio is not dependent on terrestrial facilities that can fail. It is dispersed throughout a
community without “choke points” such as cellular telephone sites that can be overloaded.
SC
Amateur Radio Operators are experienced in improvising antennas and power sources
and most equipment available today can be powered by an automobile battery. Annual
“Field Days” are held in many countries to practise these emergency improvisational skills.
Amateur Radio Operators volunteer to help, as and when needed; however, there is no
national database on active operators who can be called upon during any disaster, and also if
they have right setup (which means – ready to go on air gear) at short notice. Amateur
Radio Operators can use hundreds of frequencies and can quickly establish networks tying
disparate agencies together to enhance interoperability.
A
established to exchange information
to various parts of the country.
AN
Recent examples include the
September 11 attacks on the World Trade Centre in Manhattan in 2001, the 2003 North
America blackout and Hurricane Katrina in September 2005, where Amateur radio was
NG
used to coordinate disaster relief activities when other systems failed.
On September 2, 2004, Ham radio was used to inform weather forecasters with
information on Hurricane Frances live from the Bahamas. On December 26, 2004, an
LA
earthquake and resulting Tsunami across the Indian Ocean wiped out all communications
with the Andaman Islands, except for an expedition that provided a means to coordinate
relief efforts. Recently, Amateur Radio Operators in the People’s Republic of China provided
TE
emergency communications after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake and U.S. hams did similar
work following Hurricane Ike.
But cyclones, earthquakes or floods are not everyday events. What we see every day
T
is that someone in the remote place is struggling for life, awaiting the arrival of an essential
drug from another town or someone has lost a dear one because medical attention could
ER
not reach him on time. All this happens because most often communication is slow or
impossible. Hams have special section to handle medical and other emergency traffic on
their daily nets.
SC
A
Glossary
AN
disaster (n) : an event resulting great loss and misfortune (calamity)
establishments (n) : a structure with buildings and equipment for business
appliances (n)
choke (v)
innovation (n)
:
:
:
to block NG
instruments or devices for a specific purpose
A
done for you. Present your version before the class.
AN
Sl. Name of the Nature of the
No. Disaster Disaster Problems Rescue
Natural Man- Faced Operations
NG
made
1. Cyclone/ natural • power cut • evacuation to safer
disaster • breakdown in places
Tsunami
communications • supply of food and
LA
• blocking of clothing
roadways • health camps
• lack of food and • sanitation
TE
compensation
ER
2. Floods
SC
3. Earthquakes
4. Fires
5. Accidents
A
B. Grabbing Everything on the Land
AN
C. The Ham Radio
I was able to identify the meaning of the word 'bright' with
different shades of meaning given under 'Vocabulary'.
NG
I was able to complete the concept map on flood rescue
given under 'Vocabulary'.
I was able to combine the sentences using 'no sooner … than',
LA
'scarcely …..when' and 'hardly ….when' given under 'Grammar'.
I was able to develop an interview by the press with the woman
given under 'Writing'.
TE
I was able to prepare a speech for raising funds for the rescue
of the flood victims given under 'Writing'.
I was able to write a letter to a donor expressing gratitude
T
A
Reading B :
AN
Freedom (Poem)
Reading C :
NG
An Icon of Civil Rights
LA
TE
T
ER
SC
Look at the following pictures and discuss the questions that follow.
A
AN
NG
LA
TE
T
ER
Oral activity: Debate - “Non-violence is the only solution for the present day crisis in
the society/world.”
A
In a civil and humane society, each man is able to fulfil those obligations according to his
own inclinations and abilities. But in a country like South Africa, it was almost impossible
AN
for a man of my birth and colour to fulfil both of those obligations. In South Africa, a man
of colour who attempted to live as a human being was punished and isolated. In South Africa,
a man who tried to fulfil his duty to his people was inevitably ripped from his family and his
NG
home and was forced to live a life apart, a twilight existence of secrecy and rebellion. I did
not in the beginning choose to
place my people above my
LA
family, but in attempting to
serve my people, I found that I
was prevented from fulfilling
TE
my obligations as a son, a
brother, a father and a husband.
I was not born with a
hunger to be free. I was born
T
A
free. I saw that it was not just my freedom that was curtailed, but the freedom of everyone
AN
who looked like I did. That is when I joined the African National Congress, and that is when
the hunger for my own freedom became the greater hunger for the freedom of my people.
It was this desire for the freedom of my people to live their lives with dignity and self-
respect that animated my life, that transformed a frightened young man into a bold one, that
NG
drove a law-abiding attorney to become a criminal, that turned a family-loving husband into
a man without a home, that forced a life-loving man to live like a monk. I am no more
virtuous or self-sacrificing than the next man, but I found that I could not even enjoy the
LA
poor and limited freedoms I was allowed when I knew my people were not free. Freedom is
indivisible; the chains on anyone of my people were the chains on all of them, the chains on
all of my people were the chains on me.
TE
I knew that the oppressor must be liberated just as surely as the oppressed. A man who
takes away another man’s freedom is a prisoner of hatred; he is locked behind the bars of
prejudice and narrow-mindedness. I am not truly free if I am taking away someone else’s
freedom, just as surely as I am not free when my freedom is taken from me. The oppressed
T
- Nelson Mandela
About the author
SC
Nelson Mandela, born on July 18, 1918, was the first South African President to be
elected in a fully representative democratic election. Trained as an attorney, he helped
form the Youth League of the African National Congress (ANC) in 1944. In 1961 he
abandoned peaceful protest and became head of the ANC’s new military wing. Sentenced
to life imprisonment in 1964, Mandela came to symbolize black political aspirations and
was named head of the ANC after his release on Feb. 11, 1990. He and F. W. de Klerk
shared the Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating South Africa’s peaceful transition to
multiracial democracy. After the ANC victory in the April 1994 elections, Mandela worked
to ease racial tensions, court foreign investment, and provide services to the victims of
apartheid.
A
mealie (n) : maize
AN
illusion (n) : an idea or belief which is not true
earning my keep (idm) : doing useful things to live
NG
animate (v) : make someone more active
4. What does the line ‘the oppressed and the oppressor alike are robbed of their
humanity’ suggest?
5. What relevance does Nelson Mandela’s life have to the present society?
T
6. “It was this desire . . . that animated my life”, which desire is the narrator referring
to?
ER
Vocabulary
SC
A
b. lost
AN
c. reduced
d. blocked
4. I was not a virtuous leader.
a.
b.
dignified
law-abiding NG
LA
c. well behaved
d. honest
II. Read the following paragraph carefully. Fill in the blanks with the
TE
Grammar
A
to know who the man is and which principles they are. Who in (1) refers
AN
to the man and that in (2) refers to the principles. These words in these
sentences are Relative pronouns.
The Adjectival clauses are also called Defining Relative Clauses because
NG
they help to define the person or the object referred to.
The whole expression containing the noun phrase and the Relative Clause
now acts like a single noun phrase.
LA
Pick out the Defining Relative Clauses and the Noun Phrases they define from the
text. Fill in the table given below. One is done for you.
TE
Example: In South Africa, a man of colour who attempted to live as a human being was
punished and isolated.
Relative clauses Relative pronoun Noun phrase that the
Sl. No. used relative pronoun defines
T
who
1 human being
SC
I. Read the story once again and analyze the text in the light of the
following questions.
What incidents do you find in the first paragraph?
How does the writer reflect on (feel about) these incidents?
A
What is the writer’s point of view on the incidents?
AN
You might have witnessed several instances of discrimination in the world
around you. Write an essay about one such incident.
You may use the following clues.
When and where did it take place?
With whom did the incident occur?
What were you doing at that time?
NG
LA
How did you feel about this incident?
Observe all the features of an essay.
TE
Study Skills
T
table.
Subhash Chandra Bose was born on 23rd January in Cuttack in 1897. He was born
SC
in a rich family. When he was five he was admitted into a big European school. At the age of
twelve, he was shifted to another school, where his headmaster, Beni Madhav Das, kindled
the spirit of patriotism in him. When he was fifteen, he came under the profound influence
of an outstanding spiritual leader, Swami Vivekananda.
After his graduation Subhash left for Cambridge in 1919 to appear for the Indian
Civil Service (ICS) examination. But he had made up his mind to dedicate his life to the
service of his country; he resigned from the Indian Civil Service and returned to India in
1921. He took part in the freedom struggle, Independence movement and fought against
the British rule in India. Bose was arrested and sent to a prison in Burma. With the cooperation
A
Year Incident that took place and its significance
AN
1897
1902
1909
1912
1919 NG
LA
1921
1941
TE
1943
Listening
T
ER
Debating
Work in pairs. Organize a debate in class on the following proposition.
A
One member of the pair speaks in favour of the proposition, while the other speaks
against it.
AN
Remember
Organize your ideas as main points and sub points.
Put your ideas in a proper order/sequence.
NG
Give suitable examples, quotes, etc.
Use polite expressions.
You may use some of the following words / phrases to express your views
LA
In my opinion……………
I personally feel ………………
It’s my feeling . . …………………….
TE
I think . . …………………………………..
To agree with your opponents
I agree with my worthy opponents………………
T
A
Where knowledge is free
AN
Where the world has not been broken up into fragments
by narrow domestic walls;
Where words come out from the depth of truth,
has not lost its way into the dreary desert sand of dead habit;
LA
Where the mind is led forward by Thee
into ever-widening thought and action
TE
- Rabindranath Tagore
ER
A
stream (n) : river
AN
dreary (adj) : dull
NG
Answer the following questions.
country men.
5. What do you understand by ‘clear stream of reason.’
T
A
Your Majesty, Your Royal Highness, Mr. President, Excellencies, Ladies and
Gentlemen:
AN
I accept the Nobel Prize for Peace at a
moment when 22 million Negroes of the
United States of America are engaged in a
creative battle to end the long night of racial
injustice. I accept this award on behalf of a
civil rights movement which is moving with
NG
LA
determination and a majestic scorn for risk
and danger to establish a reign of freedom and
TE
they offered a sanctuary to those who would not accept segregation. I am mindful that
debilitating and grinding poverty afflicts my people and chains them to the lowest rung of
the economic ladder.
Therefore, I must ask why this prize is awarded to a movement which is beleaguered
and committed to unrelenting struggle; to a movement which has not won the very peace
and brotherhood which is the essence of the Nobel Prize.
After contemplation, I conclude that this award which I receive on behalf of that
movement is a profound recognition that nonviolence is the answer to the crucial political
Free distribution by T.S. Government 2020-21 119
and moral question of our time - the need for man to overcome oppression and violence
without resorting to violence and oppression. Civilization and violence are antithetical
concepts. Negroes of the United States, following the people of India, have demonstrated
that nonviolence is not sterile passivity, but a powerful moral force which makes for social
transformation. Sooner or later all the people of the world will have to discover a way to
live together in peace, and thereby transform this pending cosmic elegy into a creative
psalm of brotherhood. If this is to be achieved, man must evolve for all human conflict a
A
method which rejects revenge, aggression and retaliation. The foundation of such a method
is love. The tortuous road which has led from Montgomery, Alabama to Oslo bears witness
AN
to this truth. This is a road over which millions of Negroes are travelling to find a new
sense of dignity. This same road has opened for all Americans a new era of progress and
hope. It has led to a new Civil Rights Bill, and it will, I am convinced, be widened and
NG
lengthened into a super highway of justice as Negro and white men in increasing numbers
create alliances to overcome their common problems.
I accept this award today with an abiding faith in America and an audacious faith in
LA
the future of mankind. I refuse to accept despair as the final response to the ambiguities of
history. I refuse to accept the idea that the "isness" of man's present nature makes him
TE
morally incapable of reaching up for the eternal "oughtness" that forever confronts him. I
refuse to accept the idea that man is mere flotsam and jetsam in the river of life, unable to
influence the unfolding events which surround him. I refuse to accept the view that mankind
is so tragically bound to the starless midnight of racism and war that the bright daybreak of
T
I refuse to accept the cynical notion that nation after nation must spiral down a
militaristic stairway into the hell of thermonuclear destruction. I believe that unarmed truth
and unconditional love will have the final word in reality. This is why ‘right’ temporarily
SC
defeated is stronger than evil triumphant. I believe that even amid today's mortar bursts and
whining bullets, there is still hope for a brighter tomorrow. I believe that wounded justice,
lying prostrate on the blood-flowing streets of our nations, can be lifted from this dust of
shame to reign supreme among the children of men. I have the audacity to believe that
peoples everywhere can have three meals a day for their bodies, education and culture for
their minds, and dignity, equality and freedom for their spirits. I believe that what self-
centered men have torn down, men other-centered can build up. I still believe that one day
A
thousand midnights, we will know that we are living in the creative turmoil of a genuine
AN
civilization struggling to be born.
Today I come to Oslo as a trustee, inspired and with renewed dedication to humanity.
I accept this prize on behalf of all men who love peace and brotherhood. I say I come as a
NG
trustee, for in the depths of my heart I am aware that this prize is much more than an honor
to me personally.
Every time I take a flight, I am always mindful of the many people who make a
LA
successful journey possible - the known pilots and the unknown ground crew.
So you honour the dedicated pilots of our struggle who have sat at the controls as
the freedom movement soared into orbit. You honor, once again, Chief Lutuli of South
TE
Africa, whose struggles with and for his people, are still met with the most brutal expression
of man's inhumanity to man. You honor the ground crew without whose labour and sacrifices
the jet flights to freedom, could never have left the earth. Most of these people will never
T
make the headline and their names will not appear in Who's Who. Yet when years have
ER
rolled past and when the blazing light of truth is focused on this marvelous age in which we
live - men and women will know and children will be taught that we have a finer land, a
better people, a more noble civilization - because these humble children of God were willing
SC
A
(Southern Christian Leadership Conference). Through
AN
his activism, he played a pivotal role in ending the legal
segregation of African-American citizens in the South and other areas of the nation, as
well as the creation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of1965.
NG
King received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964, among several other honors. King was
assassinated in April 1968, and continues to be remembered as one of the most lauded
African-American leaders in history, often referenced by his 1963 speech,
"I Have a Dream".
LA
TE
Glossary
A
5. Everyone has the right to safety and dignity. If this right is abused, it is always the
AN
abuser’s fault. How can you resist and report about an abuser?
Vocabulary
I. NG
Given below are the words taken from the reading passage listed as
key words. Match the word with the meaning as used in the text.
LA
Key word Choice words
afflict affect, touch, cause pain
TE
II. Read the following expressions taken from the reading passage.
SC
A
3. ………………………………………………………..
4. ………………………………………………………..
AN
5. ………………………………………………………..
Writing
NG
LA
I. You have listened to the speech delivered by Subhash Chandra Bose
and read the speech by Martin Luther King Jr.
Let’s analyze their speeches.
TE
Independence Day.
A
Freedom makes a huge requirement of every human being. With freedom
comes responsibility. For the person who is unwilling to grow up, the person
AN
who does not want to carry his own weight, this is a frightening prospect.
- Eleanor Roosevelt, You Learn by Living
NG
Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of
bitterness and hatred.
- Martin Luther King Jr.
LA
Project Work
TE
Collect information about the great leaders who fought for the freedom of our
country. Arrange the information in the table given below:
Discuss in groups and write down the questions you will need to get the information.
T
On the basis of the information collected in the table below, write a brief
ER
biographical sketch of any one of them and present it before the class.
Personal details
SC
A
B. Freedom
AN
C. An Icon of Civil Rights
I was able to identify the most appropriate meanings given under
'Vocabulary'.
work in the kitchen and Men in office’ given under 'Oral Activity'.
I was able to complete the chronological table given under
'Study Skills'.
T
A
AN
NG
LA
TE
T
ER
SC
A
but Joan brought renewed confidence by lifting the siege of Orleans in nine days and
taking back the city of Reims. She was soon captured by the English.
AN
Joan of Arc, who had been caught by the British in the war, was imprisoned and
presented before the court.
Introduction of the characters :
1.
2.
3.
NG
Inquisitor: Brother John Lemuiter, a seemingly mild , elderly man
Canon John D’Estivet: The chief Prosecutor
Canon de Courcelles : The Canon of Paris. He is a young priest who helps to
LA
compile sixty-four charges against Joan.
4. Brother Martin Ladvenu: A young monk assigned to be Joan’s confessor
TE
Rouen, 30 May 1431. A great stone hall in the castle, arranged for a trial-at-law,
there are two raised chairs side by side for the Bishop and the Inquisitor as judges. Looking
ER
down the great hall from the middle of the inner end, the judicial chairs and scribes' table
are to the right. The prisoner's stool is to the left. There are arched doors right and left. It is
a fine sunshiny May morning.
SC
A
trying to poison me--
Cauchon and
AN
The Chaplain : [together] What! No, my lord.
Joan : [continuing] They are determined
that I shall be burnt as a witch; and they sent their doctor to cure
NG
me; but he was forbidden to bleed me because the silly people
believe that a witch's witchery leaves her if she is bled; so he only
called me filthy names. Why do you leave me in the hands of the
English? I should be in the hands of the Church. And why must I be
LA
chained by the feet to a log of wood? Are you afraid I will fly
away?
D'Estivet : [harshly] Woman, it is not for you to question the court; it is for
TE
us to question you.
Courcelles : When you were left unchained, did you not try to escape by jumping
from a tower sixty feet high? If you cannot fly like a witch, how is
T
higher every day since you began asking me questions about it.
D'Estivet : Why did you jump from the tower?
Joan : How do you know that I jumped?
SC
D'Estivet : You were found lying in the moat. Why did you leave the tower?
Joan : Why would anybody leave a prison if they could get out?
D'Estivet : You tried to escape?
Joan : Of course I did; and not for the first time either. If you leave the
door of the cage open, the bird will fly out.
D'Estivet : [rising] That is a confession of heresy. I call the attention of the
court to it.
Joan : Heresy, he calls it! Am I a heretic because I try to escape from
prison?
130 Free distribution by T.S. Government 2020-21
D'Estivet : Assuredly, if you are in the hands of the Church, and you wilfully
take yourself out of its hands, you are deserting the Church; and
that is heresy.
Joan : It is great nonsense. Nobody could be such a fool as to think that.
D'Estivet : You hear, my lord, how I am reviled in the execution of my duty by
this woman. [He sits down indignantly.]
Cauchon : I have warned you before, Joan, that you are doing yourself no
good by these pert answers.
A
Joan : But you will not talk sense to me. I am reasonable if you will be
AN
reasonable.
The Inquisitor : [interposing] This is not yet in order. You forget, Master
Promoter, that the proceedings have not been formally opened.
NG
The time for questions is after she has sworn on the Gospels to
tell us the whole truth.
Joan : You say this to me every time. I have said again and again that I will
tell you all that concerns this trial. But I cannot tell you the whole
LA
truth: God does not allow the whole truth to be told. You do not
understand it when I tell it. It is an old saying that he who tells too
TE
The Inquisitor : You hear, Joan? That is what happens to the obdurate. Think before
ER
body you will get nothing out of me beyond what I have told you.
What more is there to tell that you could understand? Besides, I
cannot bear to be hurt; and if you hurt me, I will say anything you
like to stop the pain. But I will take it all back afterwards; so what
is the use of it?
Ladvenu : There is much in that. We should proceed mercifully.
Courcelles : But the torture is customary.
The Inquisitor : It must not be applied wantonly. If the accused will confess
voluntarily, then its use cannot be justified.
A
Courcelles : But the woman is a heretic. I assure you it is always done.
Cauchon : [decisively] It will not be done today if it is not necessary. Let
AN
there be an end of this. I will not have it said that we proceeded on
forced confessions. We have sent our best preachers and doctors
to this woman to exhort and implore her to save her soul and body
NG
from the fire: we shall not now send the executioner to thrust her
into it.
Courcelles : Your lordship is merciful, of course. But it is a great responsibility
to depart from the usual practice.
LA
Joan : Thou are a rare noodle, Master. Do what was done last time is thy
rule, eh?
TE
The Inquisitor : Meanwhile, let us not be moved by the rough side of a shepherd
ER
lass's tongue.
Joan : Nay. I am no shepherd lass, though I have helped with the sheep
like anyone else. I will do a lady's work in the house--spin or weave-
SC
A
Will you for all you have said and
AN
done, be it good or bad, accept the
judgment of God's Church on
earth? More especially as to the
acts and words that are imputed to
Joan
NG
you in this trial by the Promoter here, will you submit your case
to the inspired interpretation of the Church Militant?
: I am a faithful child of the Church. I will obey the Church--
LA
Cauchon : [hopefully leaning forward] You will?
Joan : --Provided it does not command anything impossible.
TE
(Cauchon sinks back in his chair with a heavy sigh. The Inquisitor purses his lips and
frowns. Ladvenu shakes his head pitifully.) - George Bernard Shaw
T
Note: At the age of 19, in 1431, she was tried for heresy and then burned at the stake
as a witch. In 1909 she was beatified, and in 1920 canonized a saint.
ER
A
Gospels (n) : the first four books of the Bible / “The New Testament”
weary (adj) : tired
AN
obdurate (adj) : adamant; stubborn
shewn (v) : British variant of ‘shown’
NG
wantonly (adv) : acting cruelly or violently / deliberately or provokingly
exhort (v) : insist
implore (v) : plead
LA
noodle (n) : head ( used as a slang)
*thou : you, *thy: your, *dost : do, *nay:no (*old and poetic English words)
lass (n) : girl,
TE
surcoat (n) : the outer coat or garment worn over armour, in particular a
short sleeveless garment worn as part of insignia of an order
of kinghood.
T
A
2. Joan said that she would not hesitate to lie if she was tortured. ( )
AN
3. Joan liked to be in the hands of the English rather than the Church. ( )
4. Cauchon tried to have Joan executed. ( )
5. Joan became ill because she ate carp. ( )
III.
NG
Some characters in the play are in favour of Joan and some are
against. Identify the characters who are in favour of or against Joan
and then complete the following table.
LA
Sl. No. Name of the Character Favour / Against The words that support
torture.
1.
2.
T
3.
ER
4
5
6
SC
Vocabulary
A
1. sharp tongue if you give someone a tongue-lashing, you speak to
AN
them angrily because they have done something wrong
2. a slip of the tongue an outspoken or harsh manner; a critical manner of
speaking
NG
3. a tongue-lashing to struggle not to say something that you really want
to say
4. bite one’s tongue you think you know it and that you will be able to
remember it very soon
LA
5. be on the tip of your a mistake you make when speaking, such as using the
tongue wrong word
TE
Grammar
T
1. If you leave the door of the cage open, the bird will fly out.
2. If Joan were alive today, how would people receive her?
3. If I had not worn my cloth of gold surcoat in battle like a fool, that Burgundian
SC
A
If-clause Main clause
AN
Sentence (1) leave will fly
Sentence (2) were would receive
Sentence (3) had worn would have pulled
I.
NG
Now, pick out a few sentences from the play containing ‘If- clauses’ and say
which type they belong to.
LA
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
TE
III. Editing
Read the following passage. Every numbered sentence has an error.
Identify and edit it.
(1)It was eleven o’clock on the night. (2)The servants went to the bedroom and look
in. Ramalinga and his wife were not asleep. Ramalinga knew that the servants were near.
(3)He said loud to his wife, “There are many thieves in the town. You have a lot of jewels.
(4)We must kept them safe. I have a plan. (5)We shall put all the jewels in an box. Then we’ll
drop the box in the well. Nobody will look there for the jewels.”
Free distribution by T.S. Government 2020-21 137
Writing
A
lords.
AN
4. By saying she got information directly from God, she challenged the power of
church.
I . The above actions of Joan tell us about the character of Joan. Now write a character
sketch of Joan of Arc.
Clues:
NG
LA
Concern for women; her nature; her behaviour; relations with people; commitment
to work; love for Nation; sentiments.
TE
Notice what other people say about the character and what they do to her.
Tell about any interesting relationships with family or friends, whether
people like the character and how they would describe her. What other
SC
II. Your school is going to organise a cultural expo on the eve of children’s day. Now,
prepare an invitation for the programme. (Observe all the features of an invitaion)
A
wedding last week. He took me into his room saying that he had got a gift
for me. He tried to hug me. When I told him that I will tell my mother
AN
about him he said my mother will end up scolding me for going to his
room.
Friend’s mother : Oh! Thank you for trusting me and telling me about this Fatima. Can I talk
to your mother about this if you are scared to do so yourself?
Fatima
Friend’s mother NG
: I don’t know. I think she will say it is my fault.
: But it’s not your fault! You did not break any rules. Everyone has to know
about him. Otherwise he will go on troubling you and other children.
LA
Fatima : Everyone at home respects this friend a lot. No one will believe me. They
will blame me and try to make me feel ashamed.
Friend’s mother : There is no shame in any part of our body. Shame or respect comes from
the way we behave. That man needs to feel ashamed, not you. You did not
TE
break any rule. He needs to stop such behaviour and start following safety
rules. Otherwise, one day he will land up with a police case against him.
Fatima : Khala, does that mean I’ll have to go to the police station?
Friend’s mother : According to the POCSO Act, 2012 no child has to go to the Police
T
and file and FIR. By the way, the police have to register the FIR, otherwise
they can be punished. The police meet the child wherever he/she feels
comfortable and talk to the child in the presence of the caregivers.
Fatima : Thank you Khala for offering your help. I feel much better after talking to
SC
Listening
Antony’s Speech
This speech is an extract from the play, ‘Julius Caesar’ written by William
Shakespeare. Julius Caesar was a Roman emperor with great political power. He was
A
killed in a conspiracy led by Brutus. Antony, a great friend of Julius Caesar gave a rousing
speech to the public on this occasion keeping the dead body before the public.
AN
He begins his speech by saying: “Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your
ears...”
NG
LA
TE
T
ER
SC
A
Come I to speak in Caesar’s funeral.
AN
He was my friend, faithful and just to me:
But Brutus says he was ambitious;
And Brutus is an honourable man.
NG
He hath brought many captives home to Rome
Whose ransoms did the general coffers fill:
Did this in Caesar seem ambitious?
LA
When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept:
Ambition should be made of sterner stuff:
Yet Brutus says he was ambitious;
TE
A
major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.
AN
Glossary
oft (adv)
interred (v)
hath (v)
:
:
:
often
buried
has
NG
LA
grievous (adj) : very severe or serious
answer'd (v) : paid for something (to be punished for doing something bad)
under leave of (phr) : with the permission of
TE
A
young Gandhi – a full head of hair, a somewhat
AN
sensuous face, only the eyes help us to identify
him.... He is lost in his book and there is a slight
smile on his face as though what he reads
intrigues and surprises him. He grins suddenly
at some insight, then looks out of the window,
weighing the idea. As he does a European
NG
passes the compartment and stops dead on seeing an Indian face in the First Class
LA
section. The porter glances at the European nervously.
Gandhi pivots to the porter, holding his place in the book, missing the European,
who has moved on down the corridor, altogether. We see the cover of the book: The
TE
Porter : Excuse me, baas, but how long have you been in South Africa?
Gandhi : (puzzled) A – week.
Porter : Well, I don’t know how you got a ticket for –
He looks up suddenly then turns back quickly to his work.
Gandhi glances at the door to see what has frightened him
so.
The European and the conductor push open the door and
stride in.
A
He’s taken out the ticket but there is a bit of bluster in his
attitude and it is cut off by a cold rebuff from the European.
AN
European : There are no coloured attorneys in South Africa. Go and sit
where you belong.
He gestures to the back of the train. Gandhi is nonplussed
NG
and beginning to feel a little less sure of himself. The porter,
wanting to avoid trouble, reaches for Gandhi’s suitcases.
Porter : I’ll take your luggage back.
LA
Gandhi : No, no – just a moment, please.
He reaches into his waistcoat and produces a card which he
presents to the conductor.
TE
A
Disgustedly, Gandhi rights himself on the platform, picking up his briefcase,
his face a mixture of rage, humiliation, impotence. The conductor hurls Gandhi’s book
AN
at his feet as the train starts to move.
(excerpt from the screenplay ‘Gandhi’. ) -Richard Briley
Glossary
T
A
AN
Project Work
Collect one drama / play and list out the characters, their costumes, stage design,
NG
positioning of the characters and the props used for reinforcement. Then get into groups
and create stage setting for the screen-play, which you may like to perform on the Republic
Day.
Self Assessment
LA
How well have I understood this unit?
9 ) in the appropriate box.
Read and tick (9
TE
B. Antony's Speech
ER
A
AN
NG
LA
TE
T
ER
SC
Oral Discourse : Description - Describe a place that you have visited recently.
A
Of all the things I am not very good at, living in the real world is perhaps the most
outstanding. I am constantly filled with wonder at the number of things that other people do
AN
without any evident difficulty that are pretty much beyond me. I cannot tell you the number
of times that I have gone looking for the lavatory in a cinema, for instance, and ended up
standing in an alley on the wrong side of a self locking door. My particular speciality now
NG
is returning to hotel desks two or three times a day and asking what my room number is, I
am, in short, easily confused.
I was thinking about this the last time we went en famille on a big trip. It was at Easter,
and we were flying to England for a week. When we arrived at Logan Airport in Boston and
LA
were checking in, I suddenly remembered that I had recently joined British Airways’ frequent
flyer programme. I also remembered that I had put the card in my carry-on bag. And here’s
where the trouble started.
TE
T
ER
SC
A
“My tobacco!” I cried in horror, thinking what I would have to pay for that much
AN
tobacco in England now that another Budget had come and gone, and then changed the cry
to “My finger! My finger!” as I discovered that I had gashed my finger on the zip and was
shedding blood in a lavish manner. (I am not very good around flowing blood generally, but
when it’s my own – well, I think hysterics are fully justified). Confused and unable to help,
NG
my hair went into panic mode.
It was at this point that my wife looked at me with an expression of wonder – not
anger or exasperation, but just simple wonder – and said, “I can’t believe you do this for a
living.”
LA
But I’m afraid it’s so. I always have catastrophes when I travel. Once on an aeroplane,
I leaned over to tie a shoelace just at the moment someone in the seat ahead of me threw his
seat back into full recline, and found myself pinned helplessly in the crash position. It was
TE
only by clawing the leg of the man sitting next to me that I managed to get myself freed.
On another occasion, I knocked a soft drink onto the lap of a sweet little lady sitting
beside me. The flight attendant came and cleaned her up, and brought me a replacement
drink, and instantly I knocked it onto the woman again. To this day, I don’t know how I did
T
watching helplessly as my
arm, like some cheap prop
in one of those 1950s
SC
A
scrub-resistant navy blue, and would remain so for several days.
AN
So you will understand, I trust, when I tell you how much I ache to be suave. I would
love, just once in my life, to rise from a dinner table without looking as if I have just
experienced an extremely localised seismic event, get in a car and close the door without
leaving 14 inches of coat outside, wear light-coloured trousers without discovering at the
NG
end of the day that I have at various times sat on chewing gum, ice cream, cough syrup and
motor oil. But it is not to be.
Now on planes when the food is delivered, my wife says: “Take the lids off the food
for Daddy” or “Put your hoods up, children. Daddy’s about to cut his meat.” Of course, this
LA
is only when I am flying with my family. When I am on my own, I don’t eat, drink or lean
over to tie my shoelaces, and never put a pen anywhere near my mouth. I just sit very, very
quietly, sometimes on my hands to keep them from flying out unexpectedly and causing
TE
liquid mischief. It’s not much fun, but it does at least cut down on the laundry bills.
I never did get my frequent flyer miles, by the way. I never do. I couldn’t find the card
in time. This has become a real frustration for me. Everyone I know – everyone – is forever
flying off to Bali first class with their air miles. I never get to collect anything. I must fly
T
100,000 miles a year, yet I have accumulated only about 212 air miles divided between
twenty-three airlines.
ER
This is because either I forget to ask for the air miles when I check in, or I remember
to ask for them but the air line then manages not to record them, or the check-in clerk
informs me that I am not entitled to them. In January, on a flight to Australia – a flight for
SC
which I was going to get about a million air miles – the clerk shook her head when I presented
my card and told me I was not entitled to any.
“Why?”
“The ticket is in the name of B. Bryson and the card is in the name of W. Bryson.”
I explained to her the close and venerable relationship between Bill and William, but
she wouldn’t have it.
So I didn’t get my air miles, and I won’t be flying to Bali first class just yet. Perhaps
just as well, really, I could never go that long without eating.
- Bill Bryson
A
Small Island (1995), An Exploration of Britain, for which he made an accompanying
AN
television series. He received widespread recognition again with the publication of A
Short History of Nearly Everything (2003), which popularised scientific questions
for a general audience.
Glossary
alley (n) :
NG
a narrow passage-way between or behind buildings
LA
en famille (adv) : with one’s family
grunt (n) : a short low sound in the throat to show pain and anger
TE
around.
concourse (n) : the open central area in a large public building (here, in
the airport)
SC
A
4. How did the narrator free himself from the crash position?
5. Do you think the narrator’s hands were like some cheap prop? If yes, what
AN
made you think so?
6. Why did the narrator’s wife say to the children, “Take the lids off the food for
Daddy”?
7.
8.
your reasons.
NG
Did the narrator do all the awkward things intentionally or accidentally? Give
What kind of person was the narrator? How can you justify your opinion?
LA
II. 9) against the actions
Here is a list of actions in the story. Put a tick (9
performed by the narrator.
TE
Vocabulary
A
I. Prepare a list of five such words and find their meanings with the
help of a dictionary/ your teacher.
AN
1.
2.
NG
3.
4.
5.
II. Read the following sentences and observe the underlined words.
LA
1. I don’t eat , drink or lean over to tie my shoe laces.
2. I just remember reaching out for the new drink.
TE
In the first sentence ‘drink’ means ‘take in’ or ‘consume’. In the second sentence
‘drink’ means ‘beverage’. The word ‘drink’ is a homonym. A homonym is a word
that is spelt and pronounced like another word but has another meaning.
T
Here is a list of words. Use them in sentences to give two different meanings.
fair bank left
ER
1 babble
2 bark
3 groan
4 grumble
A
5 moan
AN
6 mumble
7 murmur
8 mutter
10
shout
shriek
NG
LA
11 whisper
TE
Grammar
Passive Voice
T
the subjects are passive because something is being done to them rather than they are doing
something.
In the first sentence the subject ‘A corpse’ is followed by the helping verb ‘is’, be
form ‘being’ and the past participle form of the verb ‘cremate’.
In the second sentence the subject ‘Tibetan prints and silver jewellery' is followed
by the helping verb ‘can’, be form ‘be’ and the past participle form of the main verb ‘buy’.
As you can see, the agent of the passive voice is not mentioned, when it is unknown,
not considered important, not desirable to inform or so obvious from the context. Passive
voice is generally used (when we want) to emphasize the activity rather than the doer.
Free distribution by T.S. Government 2020-21 155
Now, pick out the sentences in the Passive voice from the text “The Accidental
Tourist”.
Here are some sentences in the passive voice. Read them carefully and say which
domain they belong to. One has been done for you.
A
3. Our planet is wrapped in a mass of gases.
AN
4. The news is read by Pragathi.
5. Examinations have been postponed.
6. The suspect has been acquitted of the charge.
Writing NG
LA
Read this letter.
St. Paul’s Avenue,
TE
Boston.
9th March.
Dear W. Bryson,
Hope you are doing well by the grace of God.
T
I always remember the days we spent at different tourist places last summer.
ER
Here is an important matter I would like to bring to your notice. Very recently
when I was on my journey, the airport clerk examined my ticket and travel cards
and pointed out that the card with me was your card.
I think the exchange of our cards might have taken place when we met at the
SC
hotel recently.
Hope you will check and send my card at the earliest.
Anyhow, here with I enclose your card.
With best regards.
Yours affectionately,
Bill Bryson
To
Mr. W. Bryson, 7-18-02,
St. John’s Avenue, Washington.
156 Free distribution by T.S. Government 2020-21
Imagine that you were W. Bryson and write a reply to Bill Bryson expressing his
regret for this blunder.
Study Skills
I. On the following map, mark the route, which the author thought of
but did not take, to Delhi. (C. Reading)
A
AN
MAP OF INDIA
NG
LA
Agra
Kathmandu
TE
Alahabad Varanasi
T
ER
SC
Listening
A
1. Who is the speaker of this speech?
AN
2. What is the occasion mentioned in this speech?
3. What role does the Government play for the development and promotion of tourism?
4.
5.
NG
Which thing holds the key to the growth of tourism according to the speaker?
What , according to the speaker, would ensure provision of a better quality of life
LA
to our own citizens?
TE
A
His shirt and pants are soggy and his black raincoat
AN
Stained with mud and his bag stuffed with books
Is falling apart. His eyes dimmed by age
fade homeward through the humid monsoon night.
NG
Now I can see him getting off the train
A
the nineteen nineties in three volumes. As Is,Where Is selected English poems (1964-
2007) and "Shesha" English translation of selected Marathi poems both published by
AN
Poetrywala are among his last books published in 2007. He is also an accomplished
translator and has prolifically translated prose and poetry. He started his professional
film career in 1969 and has since made one feature film, about a dozen documentary
NG
films, several short films in the cinema format, and about twenty video documentary
features. He also scored the music for some of them.
Glossary
LA
Kathmandu
I get a cheap room in the centre
of town and sleep for hours. The next
morning, with Mr. Shah’s son and nephew.
A
I visit the two temples in Kathmandu that
AN
are most sacred to the Hindus and the
Buddhists.
At Pashupathinath (outside which
a sign proclaims ‘Entrance for the Hindus
only’) there is an atmosphere of ‘febrile
confusion’. Priests, hawkers, devotees,
tourists, cows, monkeys, pigeons and dogs
NG
LA
roam through the grounds. We offer a few
flowers. There are so many worshippers
that some people trying to get the priest’s
TE
a party of saffron – clad Westerners struggle for permission to enter. The policeman is not
ER
convinced that they are ‘the Hindus’ (only the Hindus are allowed to enter the temple). A
fight breaks out between two monkeys. One chases the other, who jumps onto a shivalinga,
then runs screaming around the temples and down to the river, the holy Bagmati that flows
SC
below. A corpse is being cremated on its banks; washerwomen are at their work and children
bathe. From a balcony a basket of flowers and leaves, old offerings now wilted, is dropped
into the river. A small shrine half protrudes from the stone platform on the river bank.
When it emerges fully, the goddess inside will escape, and the evil period of the Kaliyug
will end on earth.
At the Boudhanath stupa, the Buddhist shrine of Kathmandu, there is, in contrast, a
sense of stillness. Its immense white dome is ringed by a road. Small shops stand on its
outer edge; many of these are owned by Tibetan immigrants; felt bags, Tibetan prints and
silver jewellery can be bought here. There are no crowds; this is a haven of quietness in the
A
fruit sellers, flute
AN
sellers, hawkers of
postcards; shops
selling western
cosmetics, film rolls and chocolate; or copper utensils and Nepalese antiques. Film songs
NG
blare out from the radios, car horns sound, bicycle bells ring, stray cows low questioningly
at motorcycles, vendors shout out their wares. I indulge myself mindlessly; buy a bar of
marzipan, a corn-on-the-cob roasted in a charcoal brazier on the pavement (rubbed with
LA
salt, chilli powder and lemon); a couple of love story comics, and even a Reader’s Digest.
All this I wash down with Coca Cola and a nauseating orange drink, and feel much the better
for it.
TE
I consider what route I should take back home. If I were propelled by enthusiasm
for travel per se, I would go by bus and train to Patna, then sail up the Ganges past Benaras
to Allahabad, then up the Yamuna, past Agra to Delhi. But I am very exhausted and homesick;
today is the last day of August. Go home, I tell myself: move directly towards home. I enter
T
the Nepal Airlines office and buy a ticket for tomorrow’s flight.
ER
I look at the flute seller standing in a corner of the square near the hotel. In his hand
is a pole with an attachment at the top from which fifty or sixty bansuris protrude in all
directions, like the quills of a porcupine. They are of bamboo: there are cross-flutes and
SC
recorders. From time to time he stands the pole on the ground, selects a flute and plays for
a few minutes. The sound rises clearly above the noise of the traffic and the hawkers’ cries.
He plays slowly meditatively, without excessive display. He does not shout out his wares.
Occasionally he makes a sale, but in a curiously offhanded way as if this were incidental to
his enterprise. Sometimes he breaks off playing to talk to the fruit seller. I imagine that this
has been the pattern of his life for years.
I find it difficult to tear myself away from the square. Flute music always does this
to me: It is at once the most universal and most particular of sounds. There is no culture
that does not have its flute – the reed neh, the recorder, the Japanese shakuhachi, the deep
A
I now do.
AN
- Vikram Seth,
(an extract from Heaven Lake)
NG
About the author
Glossary
ER
mercenary (adj) : interested only in the amount of money that you can get
from a situation
antique (n) : a decorative object or piece of furniture that is valuable
because of its age
blare out (v) : sound loudly and harshly
low (v) : (of a cow) moo
marzipan (n) : a sweet yellowish paste of ground almonds, sugar, and egg
whites, used to coat large cakes or to make sweets
A
breathy (adj) : (of a voice) having an audible sound of breathing
compass (n) : range or scope
AN
I. Answer the following questions.
1. What is the belief at Pashupathinath temple about the end of Kaliyuga?
NG
2. Why couldn’t the narrator tear himself away from the square?
3. Compare and contrast the atmosphere in and around Baudhnath shrine with
Pashupathinath temple.
LA
4. Do you want to visit the places like Kathmandu? Why?
Project Work
TE
Imagine that you are the School Pupils’ Leader of your school. Your school
authorities asked you to plan a tour to an interesting and enchanting tourist place.
T
Collect information about various places for better planning by interacting with
ER
your neighbours, friends and relatives who have been to various tourist places.
You may also consult a tourist guide / brochure issued by Toursim Department.
table.
1. _______________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________________
5. _______________________________________________________
6. _______________________________________________________
Facilities (hotels/
amount incurred
Importance of
Places visited
Mode of
Things to be
choultries)
carried and
the place
available
Road Rail
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
A
AN
NG
LA
TE
T
II Analyse the data furnished in the table and present it before the class.
Write about the best place you propose to visit and also speak to your team
ER
A
B. Father Returning Home
AN
C. Kathmandu
I was able to prepare compound words and find out their meanings
given under 'Vocabulary'.
NG
I was able to understand the homonyms and their usage
given under 'Vocabulary'.
I was able to find out the meanings of a few words related to
LA
sounds given under 'Vocabulary'.
I was able to understand the domains of Passive voice
given under 'Grammar'.
TE
Unit 1
A
Master of the Game
AN
An old man who lived in a small street in the city of Mumbai had to put up with
the nuisance of having boys play cricket outside his house, at night.
One evening when the boys were particularly noisy, he went out to talk to them.
NG
He told them that he would enjoy boys playing his favourite game, cricket. He said
he would give them `25 each week from this pension to play in the street at night.
The boys were thrilled. They were being paid to do something they enjoyed!
LA
At the end of the first week they knocked at the old man’s house and asked to
be paid.
TE
He did so.
The second week when they asked for payment he said he had run out of money
and sent them away with only `15.
T
The third week the man said he had not yet received his pension and gave them
only `10.
ER
The boys were very disappointed but there was not much they could do about
it.
SC
The fourth week the man said he could not afford to pay them ` 25 as he had
promised, but would give them ` 5 each week without fail.
This was unbearable for the boys.
“You expect us to play seven days a week for a measly ` 5!” they yelled. “Go to
blazes.”
They stormed away and never played on the street again.
A
Having won the toss, India elected to bat first. The in-form openers Gambhir and
AN
Sehwag are at the crease.
The first ball of the day, an in-swinging yorker into the pads of Sehwag from Umar
Gul. He is all hands up. There is a loud appeal for lbw. Luckily, for Sehwag and for India
it is a no-ball. There is absolute silence in the stadium.
NG
Here comes Gul again! Sehwag is ready. Gul pitches the ball at the good length
area. Sehwag goes backfoot, plays it gently to the square leg area. The batsmen cross
for a quick single. Sehwag opens his account with that single. India is 2 for no loss of
LA
a wicket.
This brings Gambhir on to strike. The second ball of the over. This time a slightly
misdirected ball on the leg stump and Gambhir comes forward and hits straight over the
TE
on to their feet. With that Gambhir quickly moves on to 10 and India 12 without loss.
There is a conversation between Gul and Shahid Afridi. It seems the captain has a piece
ER
of advice. And there is some field adjustment for Gambhir. Now let’s see how it works.
Umar Gul comes in and bowls to Gambhir. What a cracking delivery! It breaks the
defence of Gambhir. Oh! the middle stump goes cart-wheeling. He’s out. Pakistan
SC
celebrates. The jubilant Gul runs to hug his captain. The crowd is dumbstruck. But the
umpire Buckner signaled it a no-ball. Gambhir survives. A great sigh of relief on his
face. How lucky this man is! The crowd comes alive again and cheers up. What an
excitement in the very first over itself!
The fourth ball of the over. This time it is a slow ball from Gul. Gambhir elegantly
pushes the ball to the onside and completes the run but there is a fumble by the fielder.
The batsmen try for the second. Will they complete it? Yes. Now the score moves on to
15. Gambhir is on12.
A
we all have gathered here for the Annual Day celebration. I welcome you all and I hope
AN
you enjoy the programme.
Now I request our headmaster to start the function.
Thank you.
NG
Speech 2
I have a great pleasure in welcoming our principal to preside over the Children’s
Day programme that we have today. It is a great privilege for me to invite our chief
LA
guest, the D.E.O. of our district, who has kindly consented to be the chief guest for the
day. I also welcome the other distinguished guests, who also have consented to be
with us today despite their tight schedule. I cordially welcome my colleagues and non-
TE
teaching staff too. In today’s celebration our main heroes are our students. So I welcome
them and their parents too along with all others.
I hope you enjoy every aspect of this event and request the president to begin
the proceedings.
T
Thank you.
ER
Unit 4
Earth Song
SC
A
What about all the peace
AN
That you pledge your only son...
What about flowering fields
Is there a time
NG
What about all the dreams
That you said was yours and mine...
Did you ever stop to notice
LA
All the children dead from war
Did you ever stop to notice
The crying Earth the weeping shores
TE
- Michael Jackson
Unit 5
T
News Bulletin
ER
Unit 6
A
Speech of Subhash Chandra Bose
AN
Brave soldiers! Today you have taken an oath that you will give fight to the enemy
till the last breath of your life, under the national tricolour. From today you are the
soldiers of the Indian National Army of free India. You have volunteered to shoulder
NG
the responsibility of forty crores of Indians. From today your mind, might and money
belong to the Indian Nation. Friends, you have the honour to be the pioneer soldiers of
Azad Hind Fauj. Your names will be written in the history of Free India. Every soldier
LA
who is martyred in this holy war will have a monument in Free India. The coming
generations will shower flowers on those monuments. You are very fortunate that you
have got this valuable opportunity to serve your motherland. Although we are performing
TE
this ceremony in a foreign land, our heads and hearts are in our country. You should
remember that your military and political responsibilities are increasing day by day
and you must be ready to shoulder them competently. The drum of Indian Independence
has been sounded. We have to prepare for the battle ahead. We should prepare ourselves
T
as early as possible so that we can perform the duties we have shouldered. I assure you
ER
that the time is not far off when you will have to put to use the military skill which you
possess.
Today we are taking the vow of independence under the National Flag. A time will
SC
come when you will salute this flag in the Red Fort. But remember that you will have to
pay the price of freedom. It has to be got by force. Its price is blood. We will not beg
freedom from any foreign country. We shall achieve freedom by paying its price. It
doesn’t matter how much price we have to pay for it. I assure you that I will lead the
army when we march to India together. The news of the ceremony that we are performing
here has reached India. It will encourage the patriots at home, who are fighting empty-
handed against the British. Throughout my life it had been my ambition to equip an
army that would capture freedom from the enemy. Today I congratulate you because
Unit 7
Compering
A
Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to the “ T.S. Cultural Mela Week”.
AN
Well, there are melodious music, colourful decoration of the dais and the lighting of
ceremonial flame, but it has nothing to do with the Hollywood Film Festival. Boys and
girls from different districts of T.S. have gathered here to inaugurate the Mela tonight.
Ladies and gentlemen, if you want to announce anything, any time, you just come on
right up and let us know.
NG
We are wrapping up with an interesting play, ‘Rani Bhagmathi’ by our Govt. School
students.
LA
Perhaps you know, Bhaghamati was a native of Chichlam, now it is called
Shahalibanda, which is 10 miles away from Golconda in Hyderabad. Mohammad Quli
Qutub Shah, the fifth Sultan of former Qutub Shahi Dynasty fell in love with her.
TE
After they got married, she changed her name to Hyder Mahal and that is how the
city was named Hyderabad. Mohammed Quli Qutub Shah of the Shahi Dynasty named
it Hyderabad.
SC
Ladies and gentlemen, put your hands together to declare the Mela open.
Unit 8
A Speech on 'Tourism in India'
“It gives me great pleasure to be present here today amongst all of you, the
stalwarts of the Indian Travel and Tourism Industry, to celebrate the coming of a new
era in the industry.
A
tourism, the Government is investing heavily for integrated development of the
AN
Infrastructure Sector. All possible steps are being taken to promote tourism related
infrastructure. We are encouraging the Hotel and Travel Industry, developing tourism
circuits, working towards preservation of monuments, human resources development,
NG
and, upgradation of information technology.
As the minister of tourism, I would like to mention here that, in our effort to
develop and promote tourism, we have also to keep in mind the importance of
sustainable tourism and the need of protecting our environment. India, a region with
LA
the world’s greatest bio–diversity and varied natural locales, is an ideal destination for
eco-tourism. We recognize the importance of cleanliness, general hygiene and
sanitation in making India a memorable tourist destination. In the longer run, this would
TE
I would once again like to congratulate all of you who have won the Express
Travel World Awards. I would also like to congratulate all those who have been nominated
ER
for the award and wish them all the best for the coming year so that they could also be
in the list of recipients next year."
"Jaihind....."
SC
A
The Goals
After the completion of the course, the students are expected
AN
to attain the basic proficiency, such as is acquired in natural language learning i.e., the
spontaneous and appropriate use of language for at least everyday use,
NG
to develop his/her linguistic competence for abstract thought and knowledge acquisition and,
to construct discourses (oral and written) such as narratives, descriptions, essays,
conversations, diary, plays, script writing, profile writing, dramas, posters, slogans,
letters, etc.
LA
Learning Outcomes / Academic Standards
At the end of the academic year the children are expected to achieve certain academic
TE
standards. The everyday classroom transaction should focus on the following areas.
1. Listening and Speaking
2. Reading Comprehension
T
3. Vocabulary
ER
4. Grammar
5. Conventions of Writing
6. Creative Expression (Oral and Written Discourses)
SC
In order to achieve the above learning outcomes, the new textbooks have eight units with
different themes and genres.
Features of the Textbook
The following are the features of the Textbook:
Units are thematically organized with passages meant for listening and reading. Activities
focus on reading comprehension, vocabulary, grammar and study skills.
Measures have been taken to help learners get the rules familiarised with different genres
A
stepping stones for the learners to gain proficiency in the language and as such are not
AN
goals by themselves.
Components of a Unit
Face Sheet / Trigger: Each unit starts with a picture / quotation / poem followed by some
NG
interactive questions. This is to warm-up the students and to generate genuine interest
towards the theme and the reading texts in the unit. The teacher can put more number of
questions that demand divergent responses from children in order to encourage them to
interact more effectively.
LA
Reading Texts: Every unit consists of three reading texts (Reading A, B and C). The
reading texts include different genres such as stories, narratives, biographical sketches,
short plays, speeches, monologues, letters, interviews and essays related to the theme
TE
of the unit. All texts are followed by glossary, and a few comprehension questions. You
will find the questions that help students think critically, reflect on what they have read,
and interpret the text in their own words. Teachers should follow the suggested transaction
process in the classroom.
T
Language Activities
ER
activities, etc.
Grammar: This section contains some grammar tasks/activities/exercises. You will
find tasks that make the students explore the language. You will also find activities that
help students identify grammatical errors and edit them.
Writing: This section contains some written discourses that help students write
conversations, descriptions, narratives / stories, messages, e-mails, SMSes, diary entries,
letters, paragraph, an essays, biographical sketches, songs / poems and some other
discourses. You will also find some tasks that need group discussion, collation of
information from various sources, and then writing a piece collaboratively.
A
Oral Activity: This section contains some oral discourses to improve speaking
competencies. In this section you will find some oral activities that encourage the
AN
children to participate in the conversations, discussions, debates, compering, presenting
reports, speeches, etc.
Project: This section contains one or two projects related to the theme of the unit.
NG
They require students to find resources, to work out the task i.e. collection, analysis and
interpretation of data, to prepare a report and to present their findings before the class.
Self -Assessment Checklist: The checklist given at the end of each unit helps the learner
LA
to assess his / her own learning. The self-assessment tools reflect all the sections in a
unit. This check list also helps the teacher to assess the learning levels of children.
The Assessment
TE
language learning.
CCE is an attempt to shift from rote-learning to constructing knowledge and applying
it as and when required. CCE is an ongoing process and is an integral part of the lesson. At
SC
every point of classroom transaction, we will have to assess what the child has learnt for
which the same activities that are used for teaching / learning are used. The questions in
the examination paper shall not simply be based on information given in the textbooks but
shall create slots for the learner to use language in a meaningful way applying what she has
learnt. So ‘mugging up’ by the student will not be of any use to him or her.
Types of Assessment
There are two types of assessment.
1. Formative Assessment 2. Summative Assessment
A
Teacher has to assess the performance of the learners for each term. 20 marks allotted
AN
for Formative test in which 5 marks are allotted for each tool. This is not a single day
activity; it is a cumulative account of what has happened in day- to-day class room transaction.
Criteria for awarding marks under each tool:
NG
Read and Reflect : The child has to read one reading text (other than text book) such as
story, news report, article etc. Children have to read, comprehend and express their opinion
in oral and written. The oral and written reflections are the evidences for awarding marks.
Written Works : This is with regard to: 1. Exercises given in the text book, 2. Discourses
LA
assigned to individuals during classroom transaction. 3. Answers to a few extrapolating
questions.
TE
The facilitator has to go through the written works and award marks based on the
children’s performance in view of the presentation of their own thoughts with well formed
sentences.
The child has to maintain 2 note books. The first one is meant for read and reflect,
T
project work and slip test. The second one is exclusively for written works.
ER
Projects: The oral and written performance of children which cover all the academic
standards / learning outcomes should be considered while awarding marks in various stages
i.e. planning, execution, analysis and interpretation of data, report writing and presentation
SC
with feedback.
Slip Test: This test should be conducted without giving any prior notice to children. This
test should cover the targeted discourses (by taking two / three targeted discourses in
each formative assessment). This practice will help children in attempting the written
discourses in Summative Tests successfully. The teacher may conduct the slip test for 20
marks so as to cover more number of questions. Finally it has to be reduced to 5 marks.
Teacher’s unit cum period plan should reflect children’s oral performance.
A
There are two papers (Paper-I & II) in Summative -I & II. Each paper carries 40
AN
marks.
The following are the domains of assessment for both papers.
1. Reading comprehension (15 marks)
2. Vocabulary & grammar (10 marks)
3. Creative expression (15 marks) NG
The test items under paper - I are based on the textbook, whereas the paper - II is
LA
based on the textbook independent.
Details of the Major and Minor written Discourses included in the summative
TE
2 Conversation Essay
3 Description Letter
4 Drama script/ Play Report/ New report
SC
A
Poems / Songs: suitable structural patterns. - rhyme scheme - specific patterns (rhythm /
structure /metre / music / theme, etc.) - expressing emotions and reflections – use of
AN
images, thoughts and feelings - use of figures of speech - assonance and alliteration -
point of view.
Narrative/Story: sequence of events and dialogues – evoking of sensory perceptions and
view NG
emotions - images, setting and other details - use characterization – coherence - point of
Letter: appropriate language to the context - appropriate format, layout and conventions –
expressing ideas sequentially - use of persuasive language - maintaining coherence
Messages/e-mail/SMS: relevant ideas to the context – maintaining brevity – use of
conventions, layout and format – appropriate language to the content and context.
T
Notice /Poster / Ads / Invitation: occasions and purposes showing the context details of
ER
A
use of cohesive devices - maintaining coherence - point of view.
AN
News report / Report: appropriate headline - lead sentence (five W’s) - body of the news-
organisation and use of cohesive devices – coherence - reporting style (reported speech,
passivization, appropriate tense) - point of view
NG
Speech: makes speeches /talks contextually - organisation of ideas – use of argumentative/
persuasive / interactive language to substantiate views and ideas – use of discourse markers–
citation of examples, quotations, etc - coherence, voice modulation and body language.
LA
Review: states the context of the review (story/novel/drama/essay/film) - highlights and
comments on certain features of the item reviewed (e.g. characters/theme/setting /events/
turning points etc.) – brevity - citation from the text to substantiate the point. (authenticity)-
TE
defending one’s own point of view and rebutting opponent’s point of view – use of discourse
markers for agreeing, disagreeing, substantiating, enumerating, etc.. – use of polite
ER
*****
A
1256. completion 1286. lake 1316. host 1346. tough
AN
1257. throat 1287. breath 1317. suspect 1347. substance
1258. agriculture 1288. afraid 1318. path 1348. threat
1259. admire 1289. silence 1319. uncle 1349. charm
NG
1260. gentle 1290. onto 1320. afford 1350. absence
1261. dozen 1291. shoe 1321. instant 1351. factory
1262. particle 1292. somewhere 1322. satisfactory 1352. spite
LA
1263. pleasant 1293. chain 1323. height 1353. meal
1264. bay 1294. slide 1324. track 1354. universal
1265. cup 1295. copy 1325. confidence 1355. accident
TE
A
1379. liquid 1412. numerous 1445. till
1478. elsewhere
AN
1380. scientist 1413. pink 1446. hire
1479. mad
1381. ease 1414. gate 1447. verb
1448. preach 1480. interference
1382. heaven 1415. expensive
1481. pupil
NG
1383. milk 1416. shut 1449. clerk
1384. sympathy 1417. chicken 1450. everywhere 1482. fold
1491. mud
1394. permanent 1427. pile 1460. worship
1492. extension
1395. row 1428. violence 1461. arrest
1493. recognition
SC
A
pleasure anxious grammar fulfill
AN
profession psychology believe magazine
parallel
symbol
tongue
criticism
pronunciation
genuine
NG calendar
column
experience
pilgrimage
spontaneous
souvenir
LA
except principle guarantee tomorrow
• I have the Right to express my views freely, which should be taken seriously, and every-
one has the Responsibility to listen to others. [Article-12,13]
A
• I have the Right to good health care and everyone has the Responsibility to help others get
basic health care and safe water. [Article- 24]
AN
• I have to Right to good education, and everyone has the Responsibility to encourage all
children to go to school [Article- 28,29,23]
• I have the Right to be loved and protected from harm and abuse, and everyone has the
NG
Responsibility to love and care for others. [Article-19]
• I have the Right to be included whatever my abilities, and everyone has the Responsibility
to respect others for their differences. [Article- 23]
LA
• I have the Right to be proud of my heritage and beliefs, and everyone has the Responsi-
bility to respect the culture and belief of others. [Article- 29,30]
• I have the Right to safe and comfortable home and everyone has the Responsibility to
TE
• I have the Right to a clean environment, and everyone has the Responsibility not to pollute
it. [Article- 29]
• I have the Right to live without violence (verbal, physical, emotional), and everyone has
SC
These rights and responsibilities are enshrined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of
the Child, 1989. It contains all the rights which children and young people have all over the world.
The Government of India signed this document in 1992.