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Volatile Matter in The Analysis of Particulate Wood Fuels: Standard Test Method For
Volatile Matter in The Analysis of Particulate Wood Fuels: Standard Test Method For
for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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E872 − 82 (2019)
6.1.3 Sample reduction may be done by two methods, a tinue the operations until the sample is reduced sufficiently so
coning and dividing process, or by using a riffle. Mixing, that one quarter weighs about 50 g (0.11 lb). This shall
coning, and quartering are described and illustrated in Practice constitute a laboratory sample.
D346. 6.1.3.2 Riffle reduction is accomplished by using a standard
6.1.3.1 Coning and dividing reduction is accomplished by coal riffle. The gross sample is riffled repeatedly until one half
placing the gross sample on a sheet of rubber or oil cloth. of the riffle sample equals about 50 g (0.11 lb) which will
Thoroughly mix it by raising first one corner of the cloth and constitute a laboratory sample. Riffles and procedures are
then the other. After mixing, cone and quarter sample. Con- described in Practice D2013.
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E872 − 82 (2019)
6.2 Reduce the sample to a smaller particle size by use of allow it to cool in a desiccator. Weigh the covered crucible with
cutting or shearing type laboratory mill. The final product sample as soon as cold to the nearest 0.1 mg and record as final
should pass through a 1 mm or smaller screen. Depending on weight, Wf.
the specific product this step may involve more than one stage NOTE 2—Inspection of the crucible may be aided by the use of a mirror
of reduction, that is, passing the sample through a mill with a held above the furnace well.
larger size screen first and then milled to pass the final screen.
7. Calculation
Minimum atmospheric exposure is recommended and the
milling process should be conducted to avoid significant 7.1 Calculate the weight loss percent as follows:
moisture means to ensure thorough intermix of heavy fines and Weight loss, % 5 100 3 ~ W i 2 W f ! / ~ W i 2 W c ! 5 A (1)
milled fluff. where:
6.3 Weigh the crucible and cover to the nearest 0.01 g and Wc = weight of crucible and cover, g,
record as crucible weight, Wc. Place approximately 1 g of Wi = initial weight, g, and
sample in the crucible, cover, weigh the crucible, cover, and Wf = final weight, g.
sample to the nearest 0.01 g, and record as initial weight, Wi. 7.2 Calculate the volatile matter percent in the analysis
6.4 Place the covered crucible with sample on platinum or samples as follows:
nickel-chromium wire supports and insert directly into the Volatile matter in analysis sample, % 5 A 2 B (2)
furnace chamber, which shall be maintained at a temperature of where:
950 6 20 °C, and lower immediately to the 950 °C zone.
A = weight loss %, and
Regulation of the temperature to within the prescribed limits is B = moisture, %, as determined using Test Method E871.
critical. After the more rapid discharge of volatile matter has
subsided as shown by the disappearance of the luminous flame, 8. Precision and Bias
inspect the crucible (Note 2) to verify the lid is still properly 8.1 The following criteria should be used for judging the
seated. If necessary, reseat the lid to guard against the admis- acceptability of results:
sion of air into the crucible. Do this as rapidly as possible by 8.1.1 Repeatability—Duplicate results by the same labora-
raising the crucible to the top of the furnace chamber, reposi- tory should not be considered suspect unless they differ by
tion the lid as described in Practice D2013 to more perfectly more than 0.3 %.
seal the crucible, then lower immediately back to the 950 °C 8.1.2 Reproducibility—The results submitted by two or
zone. After heating for a total of exactly 7 min, remove the more laboratories should not be considered suspect unless they
crucible from the furnace and, without disturbing the cover, differ by more than 1.0 %.
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