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Computer-Aided Engineering: Chapter 1: Introduction
Computer-Aided Engineering: Chapter 1: Introduction
(ႝတᇶշπำϩ)
Chapter 1: Introduction
Thomas Jin-Chee Liu (ቅਕڻԴৣ)
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Ming Chi University of Technology
Apr. 2009
Course outline
Software : ANSYS
CAE
Computer-aided engineering (ႝတᇶշπำϩ)
Types: Structural analysis, Thermal analysis, Fluid analysis,
Electromagnetics, Mechanism, Plastic injection molding …
Numerical theories: Finite element method, Boundary element method,
Finite difference method …
Commercial CAE softwares
FEM
If necessary:
Elasticity (ቸ܄ΚᏢ)
FEM theory
… • Review of stress and strain
concepts
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology Ch 1 10 /62
History of FEM
Hrennikoff (1941), McHenry (1943) – a lattice of line elements (1-D)
Courant (1943) – interpolation functions (shape functions)
Early 1950s – developmemt of digital computers
Argyris and Kelsey (1954) – matrix structural analysis using energy principles
Turner et al. (1956) – stiffness matrices of truss elements, beam elements, 2-D plane stress
elements [direct stiffness method]
Clough (1960) – (a) the first use of the phrase “finite element” (b) triangular and
retangular elements in plane stress problems
…
Zienkiewicz – “The Finite Element Method”. 1967, 1971, 1977, 1989.
FEM software: ANSYS – 1970
Nonlinear FEM software: MARC – 1971
…
Today – (a) High-speed computers and PC’s (b) FEM theory and applications (c)
CAD/CAE
FEM softwares
ABAQUS MSC.MARC
ADINA MSC.Nastran
ALGOR Pro/MECHANICA
ANSYS Ansoft
COSMOS
I-DEAS NX
LS-DYNA
** ೬ᡏӜᆀࣁ၀Ϧљຏн
meshing
(discretized)
FEM
exact solution
FEM solution
solution
element numbers
Solver
Post-processor
Results
Data
Figures
Animation
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology Ch 1 15 /62
Element types
Classified by physical types
Structural elements DOF: 1-D, 2-D, 3-D
Thermal elements
Fluid elements
Electromagnetic elements
…
Structural elements:
Truss elements
Beam (frame) elements
Shell elements
Plane elements
Axisymmetric elements
Solid elements
Contact elements
…
Linear elements and high-order
elements
Solid elements
Plane elements
Shell elements
p
Beam elements
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology Ch 1 17 /62
2D Mesh
Mapped mesh
Sweeping
Free mesh
mesh
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology Ch 1 19 /62
CAD/CAE integration
Chair
(T.J.C. Liu)
ጢТሚ
ߎឦጢТ
Πᓸ
༧
ၢ໒
ጢТ
ሚᡏ ࢬၰ
ஏ࠾პ
Diaphragm (cont.)
Animation of quasi-static analysis (von Mises stress, MPa)
(animation)
(ANSYS, Inc.)
www.ansys.com
Crack in rail
(T.J.C. Liu)
Whole vehicle
Components
ࣔ߫ݳᔖߓ
ሽ೯ֆ߫
(T.J.C. Liu)
(animation)
LS-DYNA
http://www.ncac.gwu.edu/
The FHWA/NHTSA National Crash
Analysis Center (NCAC)
Crash simulation. Courtesy of S.W. Kirkpatrick, Applied Research
Associates, Inc. http://www.arasvo.com/crown_victoria/crown_vic.htm
http://www2.nchc.org.tw/~c00msl00/crash.htm
D.S. Liu, S.Y. Chang, Design depowered airbag mass flow rate by using
occupant simulation models and neural network. Crashworthiness, ሎֵ,ᎄד,ᎄиד,ᄃඳ,ำख़Ӏ,࠴҇ד,ֻߪ, ًؓና
occupant protection and biomechanics in transportation systems, ϩϷኳࠠೀ. MSC.Software Taiwan solution forum 2000
ASME AMD-V. 230/BED- V.41, 1998. ፕЎ, Ѡч, 2000.
CFD
ANSYS CFX
(ANSYS, Inc.)
www.ansys.com
Magnet motor
(ANSYS, Inc.)
www.ansys.com
Problem
Young’s modulus
E = 260000 MPa
Poisson’s ratio
= 0.33
node
4
. . 3
element
y
x 1
. . 2
E = 260000 MPa
= 0.33
geometry: 200 mm X 20 mm t = 1 mm
Caution: units
186 nodes
150 elements
a single node
. . .
A B
. . .
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology Ch 1 43 /62
node
displacements:
4 . . 3
ux = N1 u1x + N2 u2x + N3 u3x + N4 u4x
element uy = N1 u1y + N2 u2y + N3 u3y + N4 u4y
1
. . 2
N : shape function
y
FE equations:
Ku = F
Ku=F of the entire system
Combined by many element equations:
Keue=Fe
Matrices :
K = stiffness matrix (material properties)
u = displacement matrix (known and
unknown displacements)
F = force matrix (known and unknown
forces)
Ku=F
node node
K’ u’ = F’ (cont.)
u’ = K’ -1 F’
Nodal displacements and forces are obtained.
node
. .
3
4
. . 3
4
ux uy
element
. . . . 2
element
1
1 2
y
= Bu
4
. . 3
!=D =DBu
1
. . 2
Brief introduction
to ANSYS
Input window
Toolbar
Main menu
Graphical window
ANSYS products
ANSYS Structural ANSYS Connection
ANSYS Mechanical Products
ANSYS Professional Parallel Performance for
ANSYS Flotran ( ) ANSYS
ANSYS Emag
ANSYS Multiphysics
ANSYS LS-DYNA
ANSYS Educational Products
(ANSYS Academic Products)
(ANSYS University)
ANSYS ED
ANSYS DesignSpace
• Operations in ANSYS
• Enter ANSYS
• Quit from ANSYS
http://www.tsanghai.com.tw
ځдۘԖύ୯εഌϐANSYSਜᝤ
٬ҔႝတکANSYSٰՉ่ᄬޑᔈΚϩکᡂϩ.
ஒᓉΚᏢ,ΚᏢᆶCAEೱ่ଆٰ.
ख़ཥፄಞᓉΚᏢکΚᏢ୷ҁཷۺ.
ᕇளቸ܄ΚᏢᆶԖज़ϡન୷ޑݤҁཷۺ.
ӝCADᆶCAEٿೌמ.
ஒCAEکANSYSᔈҔډౢࠔޑமࡋी.
ҁፐำࣁCAE୷ᘵፐำ, ܌а…
գϝคݤԋࣁᐱय़ޑCAE engineer.
գϝคݤᐱҥֹԋঁౢࠔޑᔈΚϩਢ.
ჹ ;
୦ᅺγ, CAE࣬ᜢޑᔈҔࣴز.
ࡨৣᏢ᛬.
ӭ୦ਜ(ΚᏢ,ᐒఓी,ቸ܄ΚᏢ,Ԗज़ϡન……ݤ..).
༇ግANSYS.