Integrated Science 10-1-2 Sexual Reproduction in Plants

Integrated Science C.
Campbell
Grades 10 1 Shift TWO
Instructions: Read and write the information below in your

notebooks. For the CSEC practice questions, complete and email
your answers to my email [email protected]. Please
properly identify yourselves when submitting your work.
Topic: Sexual Reproduction in Plants

Sub-topic: Pollination
Objectives: You should be able to:

i) Identify the functions for the different parts of a flower
ii) Define pollination and describe the types pollination.
iii) Explain advantages of cross-pollination
iv) Give differences between plants that are wind and insect pollinated.
v) Draw and label the cross- section of various types of flowers.
Parts of a flower
Receptacle- swollen tip of the stem, from which the flower is borne.
Nectary- makes a sweet tasting liquid called nectar, which serves as food for
insects and birds.
Sepal- usually green, it forms the protective outer coat of a flower bud. First part
to open, as the flower opens.
Ovary- the lowest part of the carpel that contains the ovules.
Ovules- these turn into the seeds, (contains the female gamete).
Style- stalk leading form the ovary to the stigma.
Stigma- found at the top of the style and it is sticky to catch pollen grains during
pollination.
Pistil- made up of the ovary, style and the stigma, (female part of the flower).
Petal- normally large, colourful and scented to attract insects and birds.
Anther- produces the male gamete, (pollen grains).
Filament- stalk that holds up the anther.
Stamen- made up of the filament and anther (male part of the flower).
Pollination
Pollination: the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma. There are
two main types of pollination: self-pollination and cross-pollination.
Self-pollination- the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma on the
same flower or another flower on the same plant.
Cross-pollination- the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of one flower to the
stigma of a different flower on a different plant of the same species.
Advantages of cross-pollination
i) Gametes come from different flowers hence there will be variation.
ii) Some plants will grow healthier, stronger and better adapted to a new
condition in comparison to the parents.
iii) Increase yield and quality
iv) Increase the chance of new favourable traits developing.
Agents of pollination/ pollinators
Pollen grains can move with the help of external agents such as wind, insects
(bees, ants, humans, bats etc.).
Cross-pollination can take place in two ways: wind pollination or insect

pollination.
Wind pollination
Some flowers use the wind to transfer pollen grains. These flowers have different
adaptations for wind pollination:
i) Flowers are usually small v) Pollen grains are small &
and green. dry so they can be blown in
ii) Petals are small or absent so the wind.
they do not get in the way of vi) No nectar to attract insect.
the pollen. vii) Large, feathery & sticky
iii) The flowers must allow stigma to catch pollen
wind to blow pollen away grains.
from their stamen.
viii) Large amount of pollen
iv) Anthers hang out of the produced.
flower so that they can be
shaken by the wind.
Disadvantages of wind pollination

i) Wind pollinated plants produce vast amounts of pollen grain that may be
wasted if they do not fall on a flower of the same species.
ii) Pollen can be carried anywhere by the wind so pollination is not
guaranteed
Examples of wind pollinated flowers
Insect pollination
Some flowers use the insects, (birds, humans, bats) to transfer pollen grains.
These flowers have different adaptations for insect pollination:
i) Flowers are usually large and attractive
ii) Large, colourful petals, with guide lines to guide insects to nectar.
iii) Flowers provide a reward, so that insects will visit another flower of the
same species.
iv) Anthers are inside the flower, where insects are exposed to them.
v) Pollen grain is large and sticky, so it will attract to insects’ body.
vi) Stigma short and sticky, so pollen on an insect’s body can attach to it.
CSEC Practice Questions
Answer all questions
1. Figure 1 shows a flowering plant with structures labelled A, B, C. D and E.
a. Name EACH of the structures labelled, A, B, C and D.
A ______________________________________________________
B _______________________________________________________
C_______________________________________________________
D_______________________________________________________
(2 marks)
2. Vanessa has a farm with orange and mango orchards. She plants
corn and beans several times a year on this farm.
a. State ONE asexual method of reproduction in plants
__________________________________________________ 1 mark
b. Name ONE male part of the flower

__________________________________________________ 1 mark
c. Name ONE female part of the flower

__________________________________________________ 1 mark
d. State TWO advantages of asexual reproduction

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________ 2 marks
e. Vanessa has been advised not to use pesticides that will harm the
bees in the orchards. Suggest ONE reason why it is important for the
bees to visit the flowers.
________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________ 1 mark
f. When Vanessa was pregnant, the scent from the flowers in the
orchards made her nauseous, even when she was in the house. Give a
scientific explanation of how the scents travel from the flowers to the
house.
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
3marks

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Integrated Science C.

Instructions: Read and write the information below in your

Topic: Sexual Reproduction in Plants

Objectives: You should be able to:

i) Gametes come from different flowers hence there will be variation.

iii) Increase yield and quality

iv) Increase the chance of new favourable traits developing.

Agents of pollination/ pollinators

Cross-pollination can take place in two ways: wind pollination or insect

Disadvantages of wind pollination

1. Figure 1 shows a flowering plant with structures labelled A, B, C. D and E.

a. Name EACH of the structures labelled, A, B, C and D.

b. Name ONE male part of the flower

c. Name ONE female part of the flower

d. State TWO advantages of asexual reproduction

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