Senior High School

Understanding Culture,
Society, and Politics

Quarter 2 – Module 3
Social and Political
Stratification

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics Grade 11/12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 3: Social and Political Stratification
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro City

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B. Gamayon
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 Senior High School

Understanding Culture,
Society, and Politics

Quarter 2 – Module 3
Social and Political
Stratification
This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed
by educators from public schools. We encourage teachers and other education
stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the
Department of Education at [email protected]

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Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in
these modules are owned by their respective copyright holders. The publisher and authors do not represent nor
claim ownership over them. Sincerest appreciation to those who have made significant contributions to these
modules.

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 Table of Contents
COVER PAGE ............................................................................................................ i
COPYRIGHT PAGE................................................................................................... ii
TITLE PAGE ............................................................................................................. iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ iv
WHAT THIS MODULE IS ABOUT ............................................................................. v
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW ......................................................................................... v
HOW TO LEARN FROM THIS MODULE ................................................................... v
ICONS OF THIS MODULE ....................................................................................... vi
WHAT I KNOW ........................................................................................................ vii
Lesson 1: Social Desirables/Social Mobility System ............................................1
What’s In: .............................................................................................1
What’s New: It’s Me ..............................................................................2
What is It: Social and Political Stratification .........................................2
What’s More: Status .............................................................................4
Jumbled Letters ..............................................................5
What I Have Learned: Power of Three ..................................................5
What I Can Do: From Rags to Riches ...................................................6
Summary ...................................................................................................................6
Assessment ...............................................................................................................7
Key to Answers ..........................................................................................................9
References ..............................................................................................................10

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 What I Know

PRETEST

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. It consists the elite or wealthy families.

A. Lower class C. Ascribed status
B. Upper class D. Achieved status

2. It is one in which people are born into their social standing and will remain in it
their whole lives.
A. Caste and closed-class system C. Middle class
B. Open class system D. Lower class

3. The individual’s position in the social structure.

A. Upper class C. Status
B. Middle class D. Statuses

4. A society’s categorization of people into socioeconomic strata/layer, based on

their occupation and income, wealth and social status, or derived power.
A. Vertical mobility C. Political stratification
B. Horizontal mobility D. Social stratification

5. Status earned by the individual.

A. Status C. Ascribed status
B. Achieved status D. Statuses

6. The act of moving from one social status to another.

A. Social mobility C. Social stratification
B. Political stratification D. Differentiation

7. People in the social class who depend merely on their paycheck.

A. Middle class C. Upper class
B. Lower class D. Social class

8. It refers to the evaluation of status.

A. Esteem C. Differentiation
B. Prestige D. Stratification

9. The method of relating people in terms of certain social characteristics

and then classifying them into social categories based on their
characteristics.
A. Social structure C. Differentiation
B. Social mobility D. Political stratification

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10. These are mostly professional people like lawyers, doctors, managers, owners
of small businesses, executives, etc.
A. Upper class C. Lower class
B. Social class D. Middle class

11. The movement of a person within a social class level.

A. Horizontal mobility C. Statuses
B. Vertical mobility D. Status

12. This status is assigned by the society based on some fixed category.
A. Status C. Ascribed status
B. Achieved status D. Statuses

13. The movement of a person between social class levels or another class
A. Horizontal mobility C. Vertical mobility
B. Upper class D. Middle class

14. Individuals can change their social class in the society.

A. Caste and closed-class system C. Social status
B. Social class D. Open class system

15. It refers to the assessment of our role behavior.

A. Class C. Prestige
B. Esteem D. Status

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 Lesson Social Desirables/Social Mobility
System
Learning Competency: Examine the concept, characteristics and

1 forms of stratification systems using sociological perspectives.

(UCSP11/12HSOI-IIc-30)

What’s In

Welcome back! How are you?

Despite of the uncertainties brought by COVID-19 pandemic; we believe that

education must continue. Many questions are yet to be answered; many fears are to
be faced, but we firmly hold on to our hope of a better future through education. Amidst
these challenges, here we are taking baby steps at a time onwards in reaching your
dreams.

Before we move on to the main topic of this module, please share your learnings
from the module about education by completing the statement below.

I learned that
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.

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 What’s New

Activity 1: IT’S ME.

Direction: Identify five (5) traits/characteristics/qualities that you possess and state
which of these you inherited from your parents and which of these you want to change
as you grow up.

Inherited from You want to change

Traits/Characteristics/Qualities parents? when you grow up
(Yes or No) (put a check √ )
1
2
3
4
5

What Is It
Social and Political Stratification

Differentiation is the method of relating

people in terms of a particular social
characteristics and then classifying them into
social categories based on their characteristics;
it does not involve ranking. For example, we
may differentiate people according, to sex, age,
occupation, education, etc. We then place them
in a particular social category.

The layering of these categories into the

higher and lower position of prestige or respect
is called social stratification.
Image: https://bit.ly/2Mz7b0Q

Social stratification is a society’s

categorization of people into socioeconomic
strata/layer, based on their occupation and income, wealth and social status, or
derived power (social and political).

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 Three Social Classes

1. The upper class – consists of the elite or wealthy families who are the most
prolific (productive) in their respective areas. They value heritage most over
wealth.
2. The middle class – these are mostly professional people like lawyers, doctors,
managers, owners of small businesses, executives, etc. They value education
most since education to them is the most vital measure of social status.
3. The lower class – these are the office and clerical workers, skilled and
unskilled craftsman, farm employees, underemployed, indigent families, etc.
They depend on their paycheck.

Status is the individual’s spot in the social structure. The higher or lower
positions that come about through social stratification are called statuses. For
example, some people are prominent government officials while others are salesmen,
utility workers, etc. This does not relate to the individual themselves, but rather in the
position into which they have been placed.

Social Desirables

Any rational individual will always aspire for things that give wealth, power, and
prestige. The ability of an individual to realize such aspiration is forced by situations
where one is born into.

Ascribed statuses are assigned or given by the society or group based on

some fixed category. Examples are sex, family background, ethnicity, etc.

Achieved statuses are earned by the individual. Examples are honors

received in school, good job, award for winning a competition, etc.

Prestige and Esteem

Prestige refers to the evaluation of status. You gain respect according to your
status. For example, being a senior student, you have the prestige of a senior student
at your school. It does not apply directly to you as a person, but rather to the social
category to which you belong (senior class).

Esteem refers to the assessment of our role behavior. The measure of esteem
we have depends on how well we carry out our role. If you perform well, get an
outstanding rating, you get and have a high regard.

Political Stratification

Political stratification is the extent to which inequalities are encapsulated in, or

influenced by political structures and, processes regarding influence, power and
authority.

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 Social Mobility System/Structure

Social mobility is the act of moving from one social status to another.

Open class system means that individuals can change their social class in the
society. People are free to gain a different level of education or employment than their
parents. They can also socialize with members of another group, which allow people
to move from one class to another.

Caste and closed-class system, people can do little or nothing to change their
social standing. People are born into it and will remain in it. People are assigned
occupations regardless of their talents, interests, or potential.

Types of Social Mobility

Horizontal mobility is the movement of a person within a social class level.

For example, a factory worker who finds a new job as a construction worker.

Vertical mobility is the movement of a person between social class levels or

another class. For example, a factory worker who enrolls in college and becomes a
businessman.

What’s More

Activity 2: STATUS

Direction: Based on the concepts in this lesson, list down your ascribed and, achieved
status. List down your answers in the column below.

No. Ascribed Status No. Achieved Status

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

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Activity 3: JUMBLED LETTERS

Direction: Answer the questions by arranging the jumbled letters. Place your answers
on the last column.

No. Question Jumbled Letters Answer

1 The individual’s position in the social TTSASU
structure.
2 The movement of a person between social LARETVIC
class levels or another class. TLOBMIIY
3 Status earned by the individual. EDHCAIVE
USTTAS
4 People can do little or nothing to change ETSAC
their social standing. YSETMS
5 Individuals can change their social class in PENO LCSSA
the society TEMYSS

What I Have Learned

Activity 4: POWER OF THREE

Direction: Briefly explain what you have learned about the three (3) social classes
mentioned in the concept page.

1. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Rubric for the Activity

Criteria Rating
The answer relates entirely to the assigned topic. 5 4 3 2 1
The answer conveys a genuine personal view regarding 5 4 3 2 1
the topic.
The work is original and does not contain plagiarized 5 4 3 2 1
content.
Total points (15)

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 What I Can Do?
Activity 5: FROM RAGS TO RICHES (Performance Task)

Direction: Research one (1) male or female Filipino who has a “rags to riches” life
story. Include in your research his/her ascribed and achieved status in life. And if
possible, attached picture/s of this person. Use a long bond paper for your answer.

Rubric for the Activity

Criteria Rating
The answer relates entirely to the assigned topic. 5 4 3 2 1
The content is organized in a clear, logical manner. 5 4 3 2 1
The story provides adequate background information. 5 4 3 2 1
Total points (15)

SUMMARY
• Differentiation is the method of relating people in terms of a particular social
characteristics and then classifying them into social categories based on their
characteristics; it does not involve ranking.

• Social stratification is a society’s categorization of people into socioeconomic

strata/layer, based on their occupation and income, wealth and social status, or
derived power (social and political).

• The three social classes are the upper class, middle class, lower class.

• Status is the individual’s position in the social structure.

• Ascribed statuses are assigned or given by the society or group based on some
fixed category.

• Achieved statuses are earned by the individual.

• Prestige refers to the evaluation of status.

• Esteem refers to the assessment of our role behavior.

• Political stratification is the extent to which inequalities are influenced by

political structures and processes regarding influence, power and authority.

• Social mobility is the act of moving from one social status to another.

6
 • Open class system means that individuals can change their social class in the
society.

• Caste and closed-class system, people can do little or nothing to change their
social standing.

• Horizontal mobility is the movement of a person within a social class level.

• Vertical mobility is the movement of a person between social class levels or

another class

ASSESSMENT

POSTTEST

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. This category is composed of the rich families.

A. Achieved status C. Upper class
B. Ascribed status D. Lower class
2. People are born into this social standing and will remain in it throughout their
lives.
A. Caste and closed-class system C. Middle class
B. Open class system D. Lower class
3. One’s position in the social structure.
A. Upper class C. Middle class
B. Status D. Statuses
4. A society’s categorization of people into socioeconomic strata/layer, based on
their occupation and income, wealth and social status, or derived power.
A. Vertical mobility C. Political stratification
B. Horizontal mobility D. Social stratification
5. Karen is recognized as one of the smartest learners in class. During the
recognition day, she received the highest award in her class. This is an example
of
A. Status C. Ascribed status
B. Achieved status D. Statuses
6. It is the act of moving from one social status to another.
A. Social mobility C. Social stratification
B. Political stratification D. Differentiation

7. People who belong in this social class depend merely on their day to day
paycheck.
A. Lower class C. Social class
B. Middle class D. Upper class

7
8. It refers to the evaluation of status.
A. Esteem C. Differentiation
B. Prestige D. Stratification

9. The method of relating people in terms of certain social characteristics

and then classifying them into social categories based on their
characteristics.
A. Social structure C. Differentiation
B. Social mobility D. Political stratification

10. Professional people mostly belong to this class.

A. Lower class C. Upper class
B. Middle class D. Social class

11. The movement of a person within a social class level.

A. Horizontal mobility C. Statuses
B. Vertical mobility D. Status

12. Family background, gender, sex, race, ethnicity, etc. are examples of this
social desirable.
A. Status C. Ascribed status
B. Achieved status D. Statuses

13. The movement of a person between social class levels or another class
A. Horizontal mobility C. Vertical mobility
B. Upward mobility D. Downward mobility

14. Individuals are free to gain a different level of education or employment

than their parents. They can also socialize with other members of the
group.
A. Caste and closed-class system C. Social status
B. Social class D. Open class system

15. It refers to the assessment of our role behavior.

A. class c. Prestige
B. Esteem d. Status