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NTA IGNOU PHD Entrance Exam Syllabus
NTA IGNOU PHD Entrance Exam Syllabus
Physical Anthropology
Introduction to Physical Anthropology: Definition and Scope, Relationship with Other
Disciplines, Applied aspects of Physical Anthropology
Human Evolution: Principles of Evolution, Theories of Organic Evolution, Synthetic Theory,
Palaeoanthropology
Primate Study:Living Primates, Primate Behaviour.
Biological Diversity: Concept of Race, Characteristic, Criteria of Biological Diversity, Racial
Classification
Human Genetics: Human Genetics, Methods in Human Genetics, Population Genetics,
Aberrations in Chromosomes
Human Growth and Development: Principles of Growth, Methods and Influencing Factors,
Human Constitution and Physique, Reproductive Biology
Ecological Anthropology: Fundamentals of Ecology, Adaptation to Environment,
Epidemiological Anthropology
Social Anthropology
Introduction to Social Anthropology: Social Anthropology: Nature and Scope, Philosophical and
Historical Foundations of Social Anthropology, Relationship of Social Anthropology
with Allied Disciplines
Society and Culture: Concept of Society and Culture, Social Groups, Social Identity and
Movements, Social Change in Indian Context
Anthropological Theories:Classical Theories, Functionalism, Structural Functionalism and Neo-
Functionalism, Social Organisation and Dynamic Theories of Structure, Culture and
Personality, Marxism, Structuralism, Feminism, Post-Modernism and Post-
Colonialism
Kinship, Marriage and Family: Kinship, Descent and Alliance Theories, Marriage, Family,
Kinship, Family and Marriage in India
***
Microeconomics
Consumer Behavior: Theory of Demand, Recent developments of Demand theory
Producer Behavior: Theory of Production, Theory of Cost
Welfare Economics: Pigovian vs. Paretian Approach, Social Welfare Function, Externality and
Public Goods, Social Choice and Welfare
General Equilibrium
Macroeconomics
Classical and Keynesian Approaches, neoclassical Synthesis, Economic Growth- Solow Model,
Endogenous Growth Model, Rational Expectations,
Inter-temporal decision-making- Ramsey Model, Overlapping generations Model, Money and
the Role of Monetary Policy,
Business Cycles- Traditional Theories, Real Business Cycles
Unemployment- Traditional Theories, Search Theory, Nominal and Real Rigidities, New
Keynesian Theories of Unemployment
Open-Economy: Flexible and Fixed Exchange Rate Systems, Sluggish Price Adjustment
Research Methodology
Approaches to Social Enquiry, Research Process, Hypothesis: Its Types and Sources, The
Nature, Sources and Types of Data, Measurement Scales of Variables
Descriptive Statistics and Data Presentation, Correlation and Regression, Probability and
Probability Distributions
***
- Fundamentals of research
- Types of research
- Research Tools,
- Research design
Section – B
1. Information, Communication and Society
2. Information Sources, Systems and Services
3. Information Processing and Retrieval
4. ICT Applications
5. Recent Trends in LIS
***
I Research Methodology
Methodology/Framework: Systems, Marxian and Post–Modern approaches, Inter–
Disciplinary approach
Research Methods: Research Design-Research Proposal, Review of Literature,
Hypothesis/Research
Questions, Analysis and Interpretation of Data.
II. Political Theory & Thought
Introduction to Political Theory: Meaning, nature and scope of political theory,
Approaches– Normative, Historical and Empirical, Perspectives– Feminist and Post–
modern Concepts: Liberty, Equality and Justice, Citizenship, Civil Society Indian and
Western Political Thought: Thinkers and Themes Contemporary Debates: Human Rights,
Multiculturalism, Environment & Sustainable Development
III. India: State and Society
Introduction: State, Society and Politics Interface (Conceptual and Theoretical Aspects)
Working of the Indian Constitution
Indian State: India’s Political Economy, Nature of the Indian State, Models of
Development, Development in India- Regional Variations
Social Movements: Identity-Based Movements: Caste, Religion, Gender, Tribe, Region,
Class Movements: Farmers and Working Classes
Democracy in India: Electoral Democracy (Methodology, Issues and Debates)
IV. Globalization and International Relations
Major theories of IR International Peace and Cooperation:National Sovereignty and
Humanitarian Intervention, Human
Security and Human Development Agenda, Environment and Sustainability
India in the Emerging World Order: India’s Neighborhood, India and Great Powers, India
and the Developing World
International Political Economy: Trade and Finance,Globalization: Mechanisms and
Forums International Institutions, Regimes and Orders: International Governance-Issues
and Mechanisms, Regional Economic Groupings International Civil Society and Non-
State Actors in IR
***
The syllabus is based on what is covered at the Master’s level in psychology. The outline of
syllabus is as follows:
B: Counselling Psychology
Introduction to counselling, guidance and psychotherapy; Career counselling and guidance;
Stages of counselling and counselling relationship; Counselling with regard to various
***
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6. PhD in Public Administration (PHDPA)
SECTION-I (Public Administration)
Urwick, Max Weber, F.W. Taylor, Henry Fayol, M.P. Follet, Elton Mayo, Chester
Barnard, Herbert Simon, D.H. Mcgregor, Abraham Maslow, Frederick Herzberg and Chirs
Argyris.
Local government— Nature and Scope, 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments in India,
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System, State and Local Government Relations and Challenges of Local Self-
Government.
Research Ethics
Research Design
Hypotheses
Sampling Design
Report Writing
***
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7. PhD in Sociology (PHDSOC)
Section - A
1. Research Methodology
Logic of enquiry in social research
Logic of Theory Building
Issues of epistemology
Positivism and its critique
Comparative Method
Feminist Method
Participatory Method
Section - B
Sociological concepts: social groups, social structure, community, association, culture,
identity, tradition, modernity, social processes, social Institutions- family, marriage,
kinship, state, religion
Sociological Theories: Evolutionary- Functional, Marxian, Structural-Functional,
Structural, Symbolic interactionism, Phenomenology, Post-Modernism
Social stratification-castes, class, race, gender, ethnicity
Types of societies: colonial, post colonial, simple, agrarian, Industrial, post industrial,
knowledge society
Social change: Theories of social change, social transformation, social movements, social
development
***
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8. PhD in Bio-Chemistry (PHDBC)
PART-A: Research Methodology, Basic Science and General Aptitude paper:
Questions will be designed to test basic knowledge of English, Chemistry, Physics,
Mathematics and Reasoning and mental ability. They may be designed to test
domain knowledge as well as non-verbal reasoning capacity (e.g., by finding the
odd one out in a series of abstract pictures). They may also be of quantitative type;
designed to test the student’s ability to comprehend large numbers and do simple
calculations.
Introduction of Research: Meaning and importance, Objectives, Nature and Types
of Research, Areas of research in Biological Science.
Research Process, Formulation of a Research Problem (Hypothesis) and
Considerations in selecting a Research Problem, Review of Literature, Objectives.
Elements in Research Methodology; Preparing Research Designs, Research
Designs [(Completely Randomized Design (CRD), Randomized Block Design
(RBD), Latin Square Design (LSD)], Experimental Method, Types of Sample,
Tools for Data Collection.
Processing and Analyzing Data, Data Analysis Methods-Qualitative and
Quantitative, Reporting the Findings.
Writing of Research Report/Research paper/Thesis; Dissertation: Various
components and their organization.
PART-B: Subject specific paper
1) Cell biology:
Physical structure of model cell membranes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, lipid bilayer,
membrane proteins, other constituents; diffusion, osmosis, active transport, regulation of
intracellular transport and electrical properties. Structural organization and functions of
nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, Chloroplast,
peroxisomes, vacuoles. Cytoskeletons structure and motility function. Organization of
genome, structure of chromatin and chromosomes, heterochromatin, euchromatin. Cell
division and cell cycle: Mitosis and meiosis, their regulation, Cell cycle and its regulation,
apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. Cell transformation and cancer, oncogenes and proto-
oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, metastasis. Therapeutic interventions of uncontrolled
cell growth. Hormones and their receptors, cell surface receptor, signaling through G-
protein coupled receptors, signal transduction pathways, second messengers, regulation of
signaling pathways, bacterial and plant two-component systems, light signaling in plants,
bacterial chemotaxis and quorum sensing. Cellular communication: General principles of
cell communication, cell adhesion and roles of different adhesion molecules, tight
junctions, communicating junctions, extracellular
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matrix, integrins, neurotransmission and its regulation. Regulation of hematopoiesis,
differentiation and development.
2) Biomolecules:
Physical properties of water and their role in biology. Concepts of pH, ionic strength and
buffers. Laws of thermodynamics. Concepts of ΔG, ΔH and ΔS. Structure and functions of
amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids. Forces that stabilize
biomolecules such as electrostatic and van der Waal’s interaction, hydrogen bonding.
Interactions with solvents, Hydrophobic effect. Structural characteristics of protein in α-
helix, β-sheet and β-turn. Ramachandran plot. Protein domains and domain architecture.
Quaternary structure of proteins. General structure of DNA and RNA, Structural
characteristics of A, B and Z-DNA. 3D structure of t-RNA, ribozymes and riboswitches
Introduction to enzymes. Types of enzymatic reaction mechanisms, Michaelis-Menten
kinetics. Competitive, Non-competitive and Un-competitive inhibition. Bi-substrate
reaction kinetics. Concepts of order and molecularity of a chemical reaction. Derivation of
first and second order rate equation, measurement of rate constants. Concept of activation
energy. Structure and biological significance of vitamins and minerals 3) Physiology
Photosynthesis- Light harvesting complexes; mechanisms of electron transport;
photoprotective mechanism; CO2 fixation-C3, C4 and CAM pathway. Nitrogen fixation:
Historical background, nitrogen cycle in nature, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, nitrogenase
system, nitrate reductase. Plant nutrition, water relations, phytochromes, calmodulin,
circadian rythms, plant hormones- Biosynthesis, storage, breakdown and transport;
physiological effects and mechanisms of action. Blood and circulation- Blood corpuscles,
haematopoiesis and formed elements, plasma function, blood volume, blood volume
regulation, blood groups, haemoglobin, immunity, haemostasis. Cardiovascular System-
anatomy of heart structure, myogenic heart, cardiac cycle, heart as a pump, blood pressure,
neural and chemical regulation. Respiratory system – transport of gases and exchange of
gases, waste elimination. Digestive system – Digestion, absorption, energy balance, BMR.
Excretory system- Physiology of excretion, kidney, urine formation, urine concentration,
waste elimination, micturition. Regulation of water balance, blood volume, blood pressure,
electrolyte balance, acid-base balance. Nervous system- Neurons, action potential, central
and peripheral nervous system. Sense organs- Vision, hearing and tactile response.
Reproduction- Reproductive processes, gemetogenesis, ovulation.
4) Molecular biology and Recombinant DNA technology:
Genes and chromosomes, Operon concept, DNA replication, DNA damage and repair
mechanisms, homologous and site-specific recombination. Transcription of various types
of RNAs and their processing and modifications. Transcription factors and machinery
including RNA polymerases, formation of initiation complex, elongation and termination
of transcription. Regulation of transcription: activators (enhancers) and repressors, Locus
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control regions. Protein synthesis, processing and transport of proteins: Ribosome, mRNA
structure, genetic code, aminoacylation of tRNA, aminoacyl tRNA synthetase. Mechanism
of translation: Initiation, elongation and termination factors and translational proof-
reading. Regulation of Translation- global vs mRNA-specific. Inhibitors of Translation ,
Posttranslational modifications of proteins. Protein trafficking and transport. Regulation of
gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, role of chromatin, chromatin remodelling
and gene silencing, Epigenetic regulation. Enzymes used in Recombinant DNA
technology. Isolation and purification of DNA (genomic and plasmid) and RNA. Various
methods of separation, characterization of nucleic acids including Southern and Northern
hybridizations. Molecular cloning of DNA or RNA fragments in bacterial and eukaryotic
systems. Expression of recombinant proteins using bacterial, animal and plant vectors and
their purification. Western blotting. Generation of genomic and cDNA libraries. Plasmid,
phage, cosmid, BAC and YAC vectors. In vitro mutagenesis and deletion techniques, gene
knock out in bacterial and eukaryotic organisms. Isolation and amplification of specific
nucleic acid sequences, PCR, RT PCR and qRT PCR, DNA sequencing methods, strategies
for genome sequencing. Methods for analysis of gene expression at RNA and protein level,
large scale expression, such as micro array based techniques. Analysis of DNA
polymorphism: RFLP, RAPD and AFLP techniques.
5) Microbiology and Immunology :
Cell structure and components, characterization and classification of microorganisms.
Cultivation of Bacteria, nutrition, physiology and growth of microbial cells, reproduction
and growth, synchronous growth, continuous culture of microorganisms. Pure cultures and
their characteristics. Fundamentals of control of microbial growth control by physical and
biochemical agents. Production of mutants by chemical and physical agents and their
characterizations. Host microbe interactions, endotoxins, exotoxins, capsular material.
Enzymatic and other factors, tissue affinity, resistance and immunity. Viruses of bacteria,
plant and animal cells: Structure, classification and life cycle, mycoplasma and viriods,
diseases. Innate and adaptive immune system: Cells and molecules involved in innate and
adaptive immunity, antigens, antigenicity and immunogenicity. B and T cell epitopes,
structure and function of antibody molecules. generation of antibody diversity, monoclonal
antibodies, antibody engineering, antigen-antibody interactions, MHC molecules, antigen
processing and presentation, activation and differentiation of B and T cells, B and T cell
receptors, humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, primary and secondary immune
modulation, the complement system, Toll-like receptors, cell mediated effector functions,
inflammation, hypersensitivity and autoimmunity, immune response during bacterial
(tuberculosis), parasitic (malaria) and viral (HIV) infections, congenital and acquired
immunodeficiencies, vaccines. Host-pathogen interaction- Recognition and entry
processes of different pathogens like bacteria, viruses and protozoans into animal and plant
host cells, alteration of host cell behavior by pathogens,
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virus-induced cell transformation, pathogen-induced diseases in animals and plants, cell-
cell fusion in both normal and abnormal cells.
6) Tools and Techniques used in Biological research:
Concepts of precision and accuracy in experimental measurements. Concept of signal to
noise ratio. Biostatistics: Measures of Central Tendency. Fundamental ideas of probability
and probability distributions: Binomial, Poisson and Gaussian distributions. Concept of the
Central Limit Theorem. Hypothesis testing: Use of Student’s t and χ2 tests. Correlation and
regression. Basic concepts of design of Experiments. Biochemical Methods:
Chromatography: Ion exchange, Gel Filtration and Affinity chromatography.
Electrophoresis: Native and SDS-PAGE. Isoelectric focusing. 2D-PAGE and its
applications. UV/Vis spectrophotometry. Beer-Lambert’s law and its use in determination
of protein/ nucleic acid concentration. Fluorescence Spectroscopy: Basic concepts of
excitation and emission. Quenching, Theory and applications of FRET and fluorescence
lifetime measurements. Fundamentals of CD, IR and Raman spectroscopy and their use in
the study of biomolecular conformation. Centrifugation: Basic concepts of centrifugation.
Density gradient centrifugation. Sedimentation velocity and Sedimentation equilibrium.
Separation of sub-cellular components and macromolecules using high speed and
ultracentrifugation. Microscopy: Bright field, phase contrast, fluorescence, confocal, and
electron microscopy. Fundamentals of X-ray, NMR and cryo-electron microscopy for
determination of biomolecular structure.
7) Genetics and Evolution Chromosomal inheritance: Principles of Mendelian
inheritance, codominance, incomplete dominance, gene interactions, pleiotropy, genomic
imprinting, linkage and cross-over, sex-linked inheritance, Population Genetics and Hardy-
Weinberg equilibrium. Extrachromosomal inheritance: Maternal inheritance
(mitochondria and chloroplast) Gene concept: Allele, multiple alleles, pseudoalleles.
Genetic analysis: Linkage maps, mapping with molecular markers, tetrad analysis, gene
transfer in bacteria: transformation, conjugation, transduction. Mutation: Spontaneous,
induced, lethal, conditional, reversion, mutagenic suppression, germinal and somatic
mutation, insertion, deletion, duplication, translocation, transposition, ploidy. Species
concept in archaea, bacteria and eukarya. Phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary
relationship among taxa, MLST.
8) Genomics and Proteomics Introduction to Genomics: Structure and organization of
prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes - nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes;
Computational analysis of sequences- finding genes and regulatory regions; Gene
annotation; Similarity searches; Pairwise and multiple alignments; Alignment statistics;
Prediction of gene function using homology, context, structures, networks; Genetic
variation, polymorphism, deleterious mutation; Phylogenetics; Tools for genome analysis–
PCR, RFLP, DNA fingerprinting, RAPD, Automated DNA sequencing; Linkage and
pedigree analysis; Construction of genetic maps; Physical maps, FISH to identify
chromosome landmarks. Human genome project-landmarks on chromosomes
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generated by various mapping methods; BAC libraries and shotgun libraries preparation;
Physical map-cytogenetic map, contig map, restriction map, DNA sequence; DNA
sequencing and sequence assembly; Model organisms and other genome projects;
Comparative genomics of relevant organisms such as pathogens and nonpathogens;
Evolution of a pathogen. Taxonomic classification of organisms using molecular markers
-16S rRNA typing/sequencing. DNA Microarray technology, cDNA and oligonucleotide
arrays; Applications: Global gene expression analysis, Comparative transcriptomics,
Differential gene expression; Genotyping/SNP detection; Detection technology;
Computational analysis of microarray data. Proteomics: Outline of a typical proteomics
experiment; Identification and analysis of proteins by 2D analysis; Spot visualization and
picking; Tryptic digestion of protein and peptide fingerprinting; Mass spectrometry; ion
source (MALDI, spray sources); analyzer (ToF, quadrupole, quadrupole ion trap) and
detector; clinical proteomics and disease biomarkers; Prions; proteins in disease; Protein-
protein interactions: Solid phase ELISA, pull-down assays (using GST-tagged protein), far
western analysis, by surface plasmon resonance technique, Yeast two hybrid system, Phage
display; Protein interaction maps; Protein arrays-definition, applications- diagnostics,
expression profiling.
9) Metabolism Metabolic concepts: Introduction to metabolic concepts. Gibbs free
energy, Laws of thermodynamics, High energy compounds, Phosphoryl transferase,
oxidative phosphorylation and generation of ATP, chemiosmotic theory. Carbohydrate
metabolism: Pathways involved in carbohydrate metabolism such as Glycolysis, Citric acid
cycle, Gluconeogenesis, Cori cycle, HMP shunt pathway, Glycogenesis and
Glycogenolysis with reference to their regulation and energetic. Amino acid metabolism:
Deamination, transamination, decarboxylation, desulphuration, Ketogenic and glucogenic
amino acids.Urea cycle, Regulation of amino acid biosynthesis Lipid metabolism:
Energetics of fatty acid degradation. Fatty acid biosynthesis. Cholesterol metabolism and
its regulations. Regulation of blood cholesterol, triglycerides, LDLand HDL. Nuclei Acid
Metabolism: Synthesis and degradation of purines and pyrimidines and their regulation.
Integration of metabolic pathways, metabolism of Xenobiotics.
10) Clinical biochemistry: Specimen collection and analysis, Concepts of accuracy,
precision, reproducibility, reliability, and other factors in quality control. Normal values.
Specimen collection and Processing: Collection of blood - venipuncture, skin puncture,
arterial puncture. Anticoagulants. Collection and analysis of normal and abnormal urine -
timed urine specimens, preservatives. Clinical significance of sugars, proteins, ketone
bodies, bilirubin and porphyrins. CSF - collection, composition and analysis. Amniotic
fluid - Origin, collection, composition. Disorders of carbohydrate, lipid and protein
metabolism : Salient features and management of disorders related to carbohydrate, lipid
and protein metabolism and their diagnostics.Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism -
glucose tolerance test, Glycogen storage diseases. Disorders of lipid metabolism - fatty
liver, obesity, atherosclerosis. Disorders of protein metabolism - Haemoglobinopathies -
***
PART A
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1. Objectives of research
2. Research methods versus Research Methodology
3. Types of research: • Descriptive versus Analytical; • Applied versus Fundamental;
• Quantitative versus Qualitative; • Conceptual versus Empirical
4. Literature Review: Methods and Importance
5. Research design: Need, Types and Features of research design
6. Formulating Research Problem
7. Collection and analysis of Data: Importance and Methods of data collection,
8. Data Analysis with Statistical Packages
9. Ethical issues in Research: Copyright, Intellectual Property Rights; Plagiarism
PART B
I : Inorganic Chemistry
1. Chemical periodicity
2. Structure and bonding in homo- and heteronuclear molecules, including shapes of
molecules (VSEPR Theory).
3. Concepts of acids and bases: Hard-Soft acid base concept, Non-aqueous solvents.
4. Main group elements and their compounds: Allotropy, synthesis, structure and
bonding, industrial importance of the compounds.
5. Transition elements and coordination compounds: structure, bonding theories, spectral
and magnetic properties, reaction mechanisms.
6. Inner transition elements: spectral and magnetic properties, redox chemistry, analytical
applications.
7. Organometallic compounds: synthesis, bonding and structure, and reactivity.
Organometallics in homogeneous catalysis.
8. Cages and metal clusters.
9. Analytical chemistry- separation, spectroscopic, electro- and thermoanalytical
methods.
10. Bioinorganic chemistry: photosystems, porphyrins, metalloenzymes, oxygen transport,
electron- transfer reactions; nitrogen fixation, metal complexes in medicine.
11. Characterisation of inorganic compounds by IR, Raman, NMR, EPR, Mössbauer,
UV-VIS, NQR, MS, electron spectroscopy and microscopic techniques.
12. Nuclear chemistry: nuclear reactions, fission and fusion, radio-analytical techniques
and activation analysis.
***
PART - B
GEOGRAPHY
Unit 1: Geographical Thought
Geography during the Ancient and Medieval Period, Foundations of Modern Geography:
Contribution of German, French, British and American Schools; Conceptual and
Methodological Developments during the 20th Century, Dichotomy between Systematic Vs.
Regional Geography, Physical Vs. Human Geography, and Determinism Vs. Possibilism;
Areal Differentiation and Spatial Organisation, Quantitative Revolution, Impact of Positivism,
Humanism, Radicalism and Behaviouralism in Geography.
Physiography, Climate, Natural Resources: Vegetation, Soils, Water, Coastal and Marine,
Mineral and Power; Agriculture, Agro-Climatic Regions, Irrigation, Major Industries and
Industrial Regions, Population, Settlement Patterns, Urbanisation, Transport and
Communication, Major Geographical Regions of India.
Cartography, Remote Sensing, GIS and GPS: Map as a Tool in Geographical Studies,
Techniques Showing Spatial Patterns of Distribution, Types of Maps: Composite, Choropleth,
Isopleth and Chorochromatic; Accessibility and Flow Maps, Cartographic Representation of
Data, Computer Applications in Cartography, Symbolisation and Generalisation; Principles of
Statistical Methods: Data Sources and Types of Data, Statistical Diagrams, Descriptive
Statistics, Measures of Central Tendency, Measures of Dispersion, Lorenz Curve and Gini
Coefficient, Correlation and Regression, Theory of Probability, Sampling Techniques and
Tests of Significance, Scaling: Ranking Method, Normal Distribution and Z-Score.
Oceanography: Physical and Chemical Properties of Sea Water: Temperature and Salinity of
the Oceans; Origin of Ocean Basins, Bottom Reliefs of Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans,
Ocean Deposits, Coral Reefs, Ocean Currents and Tides, Sea-Level Changes.
Settlement Geography: Site, Situation, Types, Size, Spacing and Internal Morphology of
Rural and Urban Settlements, Urban Fringe, City Region, Umland, Settlement Systems,
Primate City, Rank-Size Rule, Settlement Hierarchy, Christaller’s Central Place Theory.
Geography of Transport and Trade: Models of Transportation and Transport Cost, Inter-
Regional and Intra-Regional Accessibility and Connectivity; Comparative Cost Advantages.
Political Geography: Global Strategic Views (Heartland and Rimland Theories), Geopolitics,
Concept of Nation, State and Nation-State, Boundaries and Frontiers, Politics of World
Resources, Geography and Federalism.
Social Geography: Social Structure and Social Processes, Elements of Social Geography,
Ethnicity, Tribe and Caste, Concept of Social Well-Being, Environment and Culture, Concept
of Culture: Areas and Cultural Regions, Dwelling Places as Cultural Expressions.
***
Structure:
Section Name of the Section Sr. Course Title
No.
A RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 1 Research Methodology in Geology
B. DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC 2 Physical Geology and Geomorphology
COURSES 3 Structural Geology and Tectonics
4 Stratigraphy and Palaeontology
5 Mineralogy
6 Petrology
7 Georesources and Economic Geology
8 Geochemistry
9 Applied Geology
4. Stratigraphy and Palaeontology: Principles of stratigraphy, time scale and its divisions;
stratigraphic classifications; stratigraphic nomenclature; stratigraphic correlation; facies concept in
stratigraphy; marine transgression and regression; ice ages; broad stratigraphic subdivisions of
India.
Fossil and modes of fossilization; application of fossils in age determination; evolutionary trends
and geologic distribution of Brachiopoda, Pelecypoda, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, Trilobita,
Echinoids, Graptolites and Corals; elementary idea about the origin of major groups of vertebrates;
evolutionary history of Horse, Elephant and Man; plant life through geologic ages.
6. Petrology: Generation and evolution of magma; Bowen’s reaction series; textures and
classification of igneous rocks; phase equilibria: single, binary and ternary systems; silicate
systems; genesis and tectonic setting of different magma types; cooling and crystallisation of
magma.
Sedimentation, lithification and diagenesis; structures and textures; classification of sedimentary
rocks; depositional environments; sedimentation and tectonics; heavy minerals and their
applications in provenance studies.
Metamorphism and metamorphic processes; metamorphic differentiation; metamorphic facies;
types of metamorphism and metamorphic rocks; metasomatism and anatexis.
7. Georesources and Economic Geology: Ore genesis; ore localisation and ore shoots; ore
dressing and beneficiation; strategic, critical and essential minerals; national mineral policy;
economic minerals of India; fossil fuels.
9. Applied Geology:
Engineering Geology: Engineering properties of rocks; geological investigations, seismic
parameters and remedial measures related to the construction of dams, bridges, highways and
tunnels; mass movements with special emphasis on landslides and causes of hill slope instability.
Mineral Exploration: Principles and methodology of geological prospecting for economic
minerals and rocks; sampling methods, methods for estimating reserve and resources, grade and
tonnage calculation of the deposits; pathfinder elements; geochemical and geophysical methods;
mining in India.
Hydrogeology: Hydrological cycle; hydrological properties of rock; distribution of surface and
groundwater in the Earth’s crust; global water budget; movement of groundwater; aquifers
***
Meaning of research, Role of research in important areas, Process of research, Types of research,
research approach, Significance of research, Research problem: Definition, Selection and
necessity of research problem.
Primary and secondary data, Qualitative and quantitative data, Classification of measurement
scales, Goodness of measurement scales, Scaling, Scale classification bases, Scaling techniques,
Methods of collecting primary data, Merits and demerits of different methods of collecting primary
data, Non response, Classification and tabulation of data.
Part-B: Statistics
Sample space, Probability, Conditional probability, Independent events, Bayes theorem, Random
variables, Distribution functions (Univariate and Bi-variate), Moments and moment generating
function, Independent random variables, Marginal and conditional distributions, Characteristic
function, Central limit theorem (i.i.d. case).
Standard discrete (Rectangular, Geometric, Negative binomial, Hyper-geometric) and continuous
distributions (Uniform, Exponential, Beta, Gamma), Bivariate normal distribution, Sampling
distributions (t, F, z, chi-square).
Markov chains with finite and countable state space, Classification of states, Limiting behavior of
n-step transition probabilities, Stationary distribution, Poisson process, Birth-and-death process.
Multivariate normal and its properties, Distribution of quadratic forms, Canonical correlation,
Principle components analysis, Factor analysis, Classification and discriminant analysis.
***
Advance Nutrition
Nutrition: Basic concepts and physiological requirements; Nutritional needs during the life cycle:
Dietary Reference Intake: Basic Concept, Energy Requirement s, Protein and Amino Acid
Requirement, Fat and Fatty Acid Requirements, Fat- Soluble Vitamins and Water- Soluble
Vitamins, Minerals; Nutrition through the Life Cycle, Sports Nutrition, Nutrition during Special
Conditions – Emergency, High altitude, space mission.
Introduction to diet therapy and therapeutic nutrition; Adaptations of therapeutic diets; Nutritional
management of fevers and infections; Nutrition in critical care; Nutritional management of patient
with burns, Trauma, sepsis and surgery; Nutritional management of food allergies and food
intolerance; Nutrition, diet and cancer; Nutrition care for weight management; Nutritional
management of cardiovascular diseases; Nutritional management of metabolic disease; Nutritional
management of gastrointestinal tract disorders; Nutritional management in pancreatic, gall bladder
and liver diseases; Nutritional management of renal disease; Nutritional management of
neurological disorders; Paediatric and geriatric nutrition .
Public Nutrition
***
***
2. Research Process : Problem Selection and Research Design-Selecting a Topic for Research
Study, Formulation of Hypothesis, Research Design (Concepts relating to Research Design, Major
stops preparing a Research Design, Factors affecting Research Design.)
Sampling Techniques and Sample Design (Methods, Selection of Appropriate Methods and
Sampling Criteria), Sampling Tests (Z test, T test, F test). Editing,, Coding, Classification and
Tabulation Diagrammatic and Graphic Presentation
ACCOUNTING
Contents
Managing Cash Flows: Budgeting (The Primary Cash Management Tool - What Priority
Should Managers give to Increasing Net Cash Flows?) - Some Strategies for Permanent
Improvements in Cash Flow
Measures of Liquidity and Credit Risk: A classified Balance Sheet - Working Capital -
Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, Debt Ratio - Evaluating Financial Ratios – Liquidity, Credit Risk,
and the Law
5. Accounting Standards
Introduction – Accounting Standards in India – Importance of the Accounting Standards –
Disclosure of Accounting Policies – Regulations for Valuation of Inventories – Rules for Cash
Flow Statement – Norms for Events after Balance Sheet Date – Rules for Provisions and
Contingencies – Norms for Net Income and Changes in Accounting Policies – Regulations
for Depreciation Accounting – Norms for Revenue Recognition – Accounting for Fixed
Assets – Accounting for Taxes on Income – Accounting for Intangible Assets – Norms for
Consolidated Financial Statements – Need for Notes to Accounts – Other Accounting
Standards – Computerization of Accounts – Indian Companies Providing their Accounts as
per US GAAP and IFRS
Foreign Currencies and Exchange Rates: Exchange Rates - Accounting for Transactions
with Foreign Companies - Currency Fluctuations – Who Wins and Who Loses? - Consolidated
Financial Statements That Include Foreign Subsidiaries
7. Management Accounting
An overview – Concepts and uses - Management Accounting Decision Making Authority -
Management Accounting’s Role in Decision Making - Management Accounting’s Role in
Performance Evaluation and Rewards
Revenue and Profit Variance Analysis: Introduction - Sales Variances - Profit Variances -
Actual Profit and Budgeted: Reconciliation - Variance Reporting - Disposition of Variances
9. Responsibility Accounting
Introduction – Meaning and Objectives – Types of Responsibility Centres
1. Williams, Haka, Bettner (2005) Financial & Managerial Accounting, the basis for
business decisions, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.
2. M. Y. Khan, P. K. Jain (2007) Management Accounting, Text, Problems and Cases, The
McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.
3. Asish K. Bhattacharyya (2006) Financial Accounting for Business Managers, Printice-
Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
4. Robert N Anthony, David F. Hawkins, Kenneth A Merchant (2007) Accounting Text and
Cases, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.
5. N. Ramachandran, Ram Kumar Kakani (2008), Financial Accounting for Management,
Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.
6. Shashi K. Gupta (2002), Contemporary Issues in Accounting, Kalyani Publishers, New
Delhi.
7. Aggarwal, M.P. (1981), Analysis of Financial Statements, National Publishing House,
New Delhi.
8. S.N. Maheshwari (2004), Management Accounting and Financial Control, Sultan Chand
and Sons, New Delhi.
9. S.N. Maheshwari, S.K. Maheshwari (2006), Corporate Accounting, Vikas Publishing
House Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
Taxation
1. General Framework of Direct Taxation in India: Different direct tax laws and their inter-
relationship; Importance of Income Tax Act and Annual Finance Bill Relevant Constitutional
provisions; harmonization of tax regime.
2. Tax Planning: Concept of tax planning; Tax planning with reference to setting up a new
business; locational aspects; nature of business; tax holiday, etc. - Tax planning with regard to
specific management decisions such as mergers and takeovers; location of undertaking;
introduction of voluntary retirement; tax planning with reference to financial management
decisions such as borrowing or investment decision; reorganization or restructuring of capital
decisions - Tax planning with respect to corporate reorganization; tax planning with reference
to employees’ remuneration - Tax Planning vis-à-vis important provisions of wealth-tax
including court rulings and legislative amendments.
4. Indirect Taxes: Special features of indirect tax levies – all pervasive nature, contribution to
Government revenues; constitutional provisions authorizing the levy and collection of duties
of central excise, customs, service tax, central sales tax and VAT.
5. Central Excise: Basis of chargeability of duties of central excise –goods, manufacture,
classification and valuation of excisable goods, assessment procedure, exemption, payment,
recovery and refunds of duties. Clearance of excisable goods; Central Excise Bonds;
maintenance of accounts and records and filing of returns. CENVAT; Duties payable by small
scale units. Set-off of duties –concept, meaning and scheme; Central Excise Concessions on
exports; search, seizure and investigation; offences and penalty.
6. Custom: Levy of and exemption from, customs duties – specific issues and case studies;
assessment and payment duties; recovery and refund of customs duties; drawback of duties;
Confiscation of goods and conveyances and imposition of penalties; search, seizure and arrest,
offence and prosecution provisions - Adjudication, Appeal and Revision; Settlement of Cases.
7. Service Tax: Introduction; Genesis of service tax in India; Constitutional Provisions;
Definition of service; Education Cess and Secondary and Higher Education Cess
8. Tax Planning and Management: Tax Planning, Tax Management, Tax Avoidance and Tax
Evasion
1. Dr. Vinod Kumar Singhania & Dr. Monica Singhania, (2014), Direct Taxes Planning and
Management, Taxmann, New Delhi
2. Dr. Vinod Kumar Singhania & Dr. Monica Singhania, (2014), Income Tax including
Central Sales Tax, Taxmann, New Delhi
3. R.K. Jain, (2014), Income Tax Planning & Management, Sahitya Bhawan, Agra
4. Dr. P.K. Jain & R.K Tyagi, (2014), Income Tax law & accounts, Sanjay Sahitya Bhawan,
Agra
5. R.K. Jain (2014) Excise Customs and Service Tax Case References, Jain Book Depot,
New Delhi.
4. Cross Cultural Management – Hofstede and other studies related to Cross Cultural
Management
11. Multilateral Trading System – Functions and Structure of WTO, Multilateral Trade
Agreement and Plurilataral Trade Agreement, India and WTO. Recent issues related to
Multilateral Agreements. Impact of Multilateral Trading System on World Trade.
12. Regional Economic Groupings – Forms of Regional Groupings, Rationale and Impact of
Regional Economic Groupings, Major Regional Economic Groupings - European Union
(EU), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Association of South etc. East
Asian Nations (ASEAN), South Asian Association for Regional Corporation (SAARC)
13. International Product Planning – Product Decision, International Product Life Cycle,
New Product Development. Product diffusion.
14. International Branding and Packaging – Objectives and Advantages, Brand Familiarity
Levels, Branding Strategies , Local Brand Vs Global Brand, Impact of Brands
15. International Pricing – Objectives and factors affecting Pricing Decisions, Pricing
Methods and Practices in International Marketing, Transfer Pricing, Counter Trade and
Pricing Issues.
19. International Retailing – International Store Operations and Supply Chain Management
of Leading International Retailers. International Retail Formats, International Retail
Marketing Strategy.
Further Readings
- WTO Report
- UNCTAD Report
- World Investment Report
- World Economic Survey, etc.
2. Banking Sectoral Reforms: Banking Sector Reforms and their Implications on Indian
Banking Sector; Changing Role of Indian Banks; Reforms and Restructuring of Banks;
3. Basic Banking Services: Opening of accounts for companies, trusts, societies, government
and public bodies; Importance of AML.
7. Credit Rating in India: Concept and reasons of credit rating; Credit rating institutions in
India, Limitation of Credit Rating.
References
Chandra, Prasanna, Financial Management Theory and Practice, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing
Company Ltd., New Delhi, 2007
Shapiro Alan C., Multinational Financial Management, Prentice Hall of India Ltd., New Delhi
Khan, M.Y. and Jain, P.K., Financial Management Text, Cases and Problems, Tata McGraw-Hill
Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, 2007
Van Horne, James C., Financial Management and Policy, Prentice Hall of India Ltd., New Delhi
Damodaran on Valuation: Security Analysis for Investment and Corporate Finance (Wiley
Finance)
Neelam C Gulati (2011) Banking and Insurance: Principles & Practices, 3rd edition, Excel Books,
Daryaganj New Delhi
Gomez Clifford (2011) Banking and Finance: Theory, Law and Practice, 3rd edition, PHI,
Daryaganj New Delhi
Indian Institute of Banking & Finance (2012): Principles and Practices of Banking, 2nd edition,
McMillan, Daryaganj New Delhi.
Indian Institute of Banking & Finance (2012): Legal and Regulatory Aspect of Banking
2nd edition, McMillan, Daryaganj New Delhi.
N K Sinha (2009): Money Banking and Finance, 5th edition, Bsc Publisherco, Daryaganj, New
Delhi
2. Marketing Decisions
Product Decisions: Setting Product Strategy, Differentiation, Product and brand
relationship, The Product Hierarchy, Product Systems and Mixes, Product-Line Analysis
Product-Line Length, Packaging, Labeling, Warranties, and Guarantees.
Designing and Managing Services: The Nature of Services, Categoreis of Service Mix
Distinctive Characteristics of Services, Service Experience , Service Innovation, Service
Delivery, Service Quality, service recovery and its implications on business. Managing
Service Brands, Developing Brand Strategies for Services, Developing Service Offers for
Rural Areas, Manageing Product-Support Services, Identifying and Satisfying Customer
Needs, Postsale Service Strategy.
Pricing Decisions: Developing Pricing Strategies and Programs, Consumer Psychology
and Pricing, Setting the Price, Adapting the Price, Geographical Pricing (Cash,
Countertrade, Barter), Price Discounts and Allowances, Promotional Pricing,
Differentiated Pricing, Pricing for Rural Markets, Initiating and Responding to Price
Changes, Responding to Comptitiors’s Price Changes
3. Marketing research
Introduction to Marketing Research, Qualitative and quantitative research methods,
Sampling methods, Questionnaire design, reliability and validity. Online survey method,
Data preparation and data presentation (graphing), Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and
Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), Cluster Analysis ,Factor analysis, Presenting research
information
3. Enterprise creation
Screening of ideas, opportunity identification and selection, moving from an idea to an
entrepreneurial firm, New enterprise creation: Conceptual and analytical tools to
understand, analyze and manage critical aspects of new enterprise, Buisness plan
preparation and Analysis, feasibility analysis of business ( product/ service feasibility,
industry/ market feasibility, organizational feasibility and Financial feasibility analysis,
Industry and competitor analysis), Business crisis, Family business management, Small
and medium enterprises (threats and opportunities),
Ddeveloping an effective Business models: The importance of business models, How
buisness models emerge, potential fatal flaws of business models.
4. Enterprise Management
Small and medium enterprise (managing and growing entrepreneurial firm):
Essentials of management principles, its application on enterprise management, planning,
importance and application of planning in an organisation, strategic planning and its
application.
Reference Books:
***
1) Research Methodology
2) Management (Financial Management, Human Resource Management, Marketing
Management,Operations Management and General Management)
The question paper will be objective type and will be of 3 hours duration. The total number of
marks will be 100 and each part will have a weightage of 50%.
Part 1
Research Methodology
Research Process
3. Research Design: Concept and Importance in Research – Features of a good research design
– Exploratory Research Design – concept, types and uses, Descriptive Research Designs –
concept, types and uses. Experimental Design: Concept of Independent & Dependent
variables
7. Data Analysis: Data Preparation – Univariate analysis (frequency tables, bar charts, pie
charts, percentages), Bivariate analysis – Cross tabulations and Chi-square test including
testing hypothesis of association.
9. Use of Encyclopedias, Research Guides, Handbook etc., Academic Databases for Computer
Science Discipline.
10. Use of tools / techniques for Research: methods to search required information effectively,
Reference Management Software like Zotero/Mendeley, Software for paper formatting like
LaTeX/MS Office, Software for detection of Plagiarism
Part 2
Management (Financial Management, Human Resource Management, Marketing Management,
Operations Management and General Management)
I
Managerial Economics – Demand Analysis
Production Function
Cost – Output Relations
Market Structures
Pricing Theories
Advertising
Macro – Economics
National Income Concepts
Infrastructure – Management and Policy
Business Environment
Capital Budgeting
II
The concept and significance of organisational behaviour – Skills and Roles in an organisation –
Classical, Neo – Classical and Modern Theories of Organisational Structure – Organisational
Design – Understanding and Managing individual behavior personality – Perception – Values –
Attitudes – Learning – Motivation. Understanding and Managing Group Behaviour, Processes –
Inter – personal and group dynamics – Communication – Leadership – Managing change –
Managing conflicts. Organisational Development.
III
Concepts and perspectives in HRM; HRM in changing environment.
Human Resource Plarming – Objectives, Process and Techniques.
Job analysis – Job Description.
Selecting Human Resources.
Induction, Training and Development.
Exit policy and Implications.
Performance Appraisal and Evaluation.
Potential Assessment.
Job Evaluation.
Wage Determination.
Industrial Relations and Trade Unions.
IV
Financial Management – Nature and Scope.
Valuation Concepts and Valuation of Securities.
Capital Budgeting Decisions – Risk Analysis.
Capital Structure and Cost of Capital.
Dividend Policy – Determinants.
Long – Term and Short – Term Financing Instruments.
Mergers and Acquisitions.
V
Marketing Environment and Environment Scanning; Marketing Information Systems and
Marketing Research; Understanding Consumer and Industrial Markets; Demand Measurement and
Forecasting; Market Segmentation – Targeting and Positioning;
Product Decisions, Product mix, Product Life Cycle; New Product Development; Branding and
Packaging; Pricing Methods and Strategies.
Promotion Decisions – Promotion mix; Advertising; Personal Selling; Channel Management;
Vertical Marketing Systems; Evaluation and Control of Marketing Effort; Marketing of Services;
Customer Relation Management; Uses of Internet as a Marketing Medium – Other related issues
like branding, market development, Advertising and retailing on the net. New issues in Marketing.
VI
Role and Scope of Production Management; Facility Location; Layout Planning and Analysis;
Production Planning and Control – Production Process Analysis; Demand Forecasting for
Operations; Determinants of Product mix; Production Scheduling; Work measurement; Time and
Motion Study; Statistical Quality Control. Supply Chain Management and Materials Management
Role and Scope of Operations Research; Linear Programming; Sensitivity Analysis; Duality;
Transportation Model; Inventory Control; Queueing Theory; Decision Theory; Markov Analysis;
PERT / CPM.
VII
Probability Theory; Probability distributions – Binomial, Poisson, Normal and Exponential;
Correlation and Regression analysis; Sampling theory; Sampling distributions; Tests of
Hypothesis; Large and small samples; t z, F, Chi – square tests.
Use of Computers in Managerial applications; Technology issues and Data processing in
organizations; Information systems; MIS and Decision making; System analysis and design;
Trends in Information Technology; Internet and Internet – based applications.
IX
Concepts – Types, Characteristics; Motivation; Competencies and its development; Innovation
and Entrepreneurship; Small business – Concepts Government policy for promotion of small and
tiny enterprises; Process of Business Opportunity Identification; Detailed business plan
preparation; Managing small enterprises; Planning for growth; Sickness in Small Enterprises;
Rehabilitation of Sick Enterprises; Intrapreneurship (Organisational Entrepreneurship).
X
Ethics and Management System; Ethical issues and Analysis in Management; Value based
organisations; Personal framework for ethical choices; Ethical pressure on individual in
organisations; Gender issues; Ecological consciousness; Environmental ethics; Social
responsibilities of business; Corporate governance and ethics.
***
Criteria and sources of identifying the research problem, Survey, review and importance
of related literature, Selection, definition and evaluation of research problem, Writing
Objectives
Statistical Analysis of Data: Types of Measurement Scale (Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and
Ratio), Quantitative Data Analysis - Descriptive data analysis (Measures of central
tendency, variability, fiduciary limits and graphical presentation of data), Testing of
Hypothesis (Type I and Type II Errors), Levels of Significance, Power of a statistical test
and effect size, Parametric Techniques, Non- Parametric Techniques, Inferential data
analysis, Use and Interpretation of statistical techniques: Correlation, t-test, z-test,
ANOVA, ANCOVA, Chi-square (Equal Probability and Normal Probability Hypothesis).
Qualitative Data Analysis - Data Reduction and Classification, Analytical Induction and
Constant Comparison, Concept of Triangulation
Writing Research Report - Meaning and scope, Format of research reports, Presentation
Dissemination
July 2020 Page 64
(B) Subject Specific Areas:
Relationship of Education and Philosophy, Indian and Western Schools of Philosophy and
their educational implications; Contributions of Vivekananda, Tagore, Gandhi and
Aurobindo to Indian Education; National values as enshrined in the Indian Constitution,
and their educational implications; Philosophical Inquiry in Education, Nature and Scope,
Steps, Philosophical inquiry of current educational issues.
Growth and Development: Concept and principles, Social, emotional and cognitive
development. Individual differences. Personality - Definitions and theories (Freud, Carl
Rogers, Gordon Allport, Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka), learning styles and their
implications on individual in succeeding in his/her learning; Motivation - concept;
determinants and types, implications of motivation on learning; Group dynamics and role
of teacher in developing positive class room climate. Mental health and mental hygiene.
Emerging Trends in e-learning: Social learning (concept , use of web 2.0 tools for learning,
social networking sites, blogs, chats, video conferencing, discussion forum), Open
Education Resources (Creative Common, Massive Open Online Courses; Concept and
application), e-Inclusion - Concept of e-Inclusion, Application of Assistive technology in
E learning , Quality of e-Learning – Measuring quality of system: Information, System,
Service, User Satisfaction and Net Benefits (D&M IS Success Model, 2003), Ethical Issues
for e-Learner and e-Teacher - Teaching, Learning and Research.
Use of ICT in Evaluation, Administration and Research: E portfolios, ICT for Research -
Online Repositories and Online Libraries, Online and Offline assessment tools (Online
survey tools or test generators) – Concept and Development.
Barriers and Facilitators in Inclusive Education: Attitude, Social and Educational, Current
Status and Ethical Issues of inclusive education in India, Research Trends of Inclusive
Education in India
Types and Areas of Counselling - Uses of group process in counselling, Process of group
counselling, Areas of counselling: family counselling, parental counselling, adolescent
counselling, counselling of girls, counselling of children belonging to special groups, Peer
counselling: Its concept and the relevance to the Indian situation, Steps and skills in group
counselling process.
Understanding Knowledge base of Teacher Education from the view point of Schulman,
Deng and Luke and Habermas, Meaning of Reflective Teaching and Strategies for
Promoting Reflective Teaching, Models of Teacher Education - Behaviouristic,
Competency-based and Inquiry Oriented Teacher Education Models
Concept, Need, Purpose and Scope of In-service Teacher Education, Organization and
Modes of In-service Teacher Education, Agencies and Institutions of In-service Teacher
Education at District, State and National Levels (SSA, RMSA, SCERT, NCERT, NCTE
and UGC), Preliminary Consideration in Planning in-service teacher education programme
(Purpose, Duration, Resources and Budget)
Policy Planning and Implementation of Adult Education in India – Five Year Plans,
Implementing Agencies – Role of Government Departments, Role of Universities,
Colleges and Students, Role of NGOs, Role of Local Bodies, Community and
individuals, Understanding Networking in Adult Learning, National Literacy Mission;
Objectives, strategies, Total Literacy Campaigns, Post-Literacy Campaigns and
Continuing Education programmes, Operationalization of the concept of vocational
education in adult, continuing education and Lifelong Learning through state supported
structures like Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) and non state supported structures of
Industrial and Bussiness houses, Population Education: Concept and paradigm shift
Development and its indicators, Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) , Building learning communities -- Towards a learning society
Note: Weightage for Methodology of Educational Research (50%) and Subject Specific
Areas (50%)
***
Course II
1. Researching Gender- I
Debates in the difference between Social and Natural Science, Positivism, Empiricism,
Rationalism, Realism, Post Empiricism, Feminist Critique of Positivism, Feminist
Epistemology, Stand Point Theory; Gendered Ontology and Changing terms of Societal
Inquiry: Liberalism, Marxism, Hermeneutics, Feminism, Post- Modernism, Post-
Colonialism and Post-structuralism, Gender and Ethnographic Cultural Studies, Life
Histories and Narratology, Gender and Discourse Analysis
2. Researching Gender- II
Quantitative and Qualitative Research, Feminist Paradigms, Feminist Research Methods
and Ethics, Situating Differences, Interdisciplinary Methods in Feminist Research.
Processes of Gendering and the Institutionalizing Gender and Gender Relations,
Building Alternative Knowledge Base and Feminist World View (Weltanchauung):
State, Society, Industry and Market.
3. Research Design, Types and Strategies
Research Design, Exploratory Studies, Surveys, Historical, Experimental, Ethnographic
and Case Studies; Types of Research- Fundamental, Applied Research,
***
Dairy development in the country and different organizations engaged in the dairy development in
India. The present status and future development plans. Advances in safe and clean milk
production. Chemical composition, nutritive value and physico-chemical properties of milk and
milk products. Microbiological aspects of milk and milk products. Physical and Chemical methods
to control growth of Microorganisms.
Chemistry of the principal constituents of milk, i.e. water, lactose, lipids, proteins (including
enzymes), salt and vitamins. Food Fermentation. Dairy starter cultures and their evaluation.
Important analytical techniques in microbiology. New Food pathogens. Different processing
treatments given to milk during its processing for fluid milk supply and manufacturing of different
products. Chemistry and Microbiological during manufacture of dairy products.
Application of Advance Techniques and development of new Products in dairy processing, Bio
preservation, Functional Foods. Judging of milk and milk products using physico- chemical,
microbiological and sensory techniques. FSSAI and BIS standards of milk and milk products.
Basic concept of dairy equipment used for liquid milk processing and manufacturing of different
products. Cleaning and sanitization of dairy equipment. Conservation of resources. Packaging
materials and techniques for milk and milk products. Recent trends in Food Packaging. Use of
non-dairy ingredients during processing of milk and manufacturing of products. Quality and safety
aspects of milk and milk products. Bio preservation. Functional Foods. Basic aspects of non-dairy
food products.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
Information technology; library resource; internet databases and other packages; literature survey;
web based resources and open access journals; digital libraries, manual collection; peer- review
process, concept of impact factor and citation index; application of common softwares in food
science research. Ethical issues; Plagiarism; Patenting Laws; Indian Patenting Act/International
Protocols for technology transfer. Basic concepts of research; type and nature of research; research
problem and objectives; formulation of hypotheses, types of hypotheses, methods of testing
hypotheses; characteristics of good research problem; sources of research problem; errors in
selecting a research problem; methods of research (Experimental, Survey, Observation, Case
study, Historical and comparative methods); major emerging areas and interdisciplinary research.
Designing research proposal and study; hypothesis; defining research problem, framing objective;
Design strategies in research- experimental design: descriptive study, analytic study, experimental
study, intervention trials; Safety issues- chemical hazards and their management. Methods of
sampling; Data collection; tools and techniques; Data analysis and interpretation: Multivariate data
analysis techniques, such as PCA, Cluster analysis, etc., data presentation and summarization
of data; graphical presentation. Writing and publishing thesis/research paper; Editing and
checking thesis/research paper for plagiarism. Formulating a Project proposal for funding.
***
Unit 2: Dimensions of Development: Economic, Political, Social, Human, Cultural, Gender and
Ethical Dimensions
Unit 4: Actors of Development: Markets, State and other Heterogeneous Actors such as
international organization, and CVOs
Unit 2: Developmentalist Theories: Balanced and Unbalanced Growth theories, Rostow’s Stages
of Economic Growth, Gunnar Myrdal theory
Unit 3: Heterogeneous Theories: Modernization theory, Human Capital Theory, Neo- Liberal
Theory and Dependency Theories
Unit 4: Development Management: meaning and concept of development management, aim and
scope of development management; development management cycle and requisites of effective
development management
Unit 1: Economic Challenges: Poverty, Inequality, Inflation and Unemployment, Population and
Development
Unit 1: Agriculture and Development: Role of agriculture, Issues and Challenges of agriculture,
Measures to improve agriculture
Unit 2: Industry and Development: Role of industry in development, Issues and Challenges of
industrial Development, Industrial Development measures
Unit 3: Service Sector and Development: Role of Service Sector in Development, Issues and
challenges of service sector, measures to strengthen service sector.
Unit 4: Informal Sector and Development: role of informal sector in development, measures to
formalize the informal sector and challenges of informal sector
Unit 3: Planning and Development in India: Impact of planning before and after liberalization
and NITI Ayyog
Unit 5: Globalization and Development in India: Globalization and its impact on the
development in India
Dreze Jean and A.Sen (1995): India: Economic Development and Social Opportunity, New
York, Oxford University Press.
Gant, G.F (1979): Developemnt Adminstrtion: Concept, Goals and Methods, Madison,
University of Wisconsin Press.
Goulet, D (1965): La Ethica del Desarollo, Madrid, IEPAL/Tstela.
Goulet, D(1971): The Cruel Choice: A New Concept of Development, Athenaeum, New
York,1971.
Government of Ireland (2007): Development Plan, Guidelines for Planning Authority,
Government of Ireland.
Munck, R and Hearn Denis O’(1999): Critical Development Theory: Contributions to a New
Paradigm, Zed Books,1999.
Sapru, R K (2000): Development Administration, Sterling Publisher Private Ltd., New Delhi.
Seers D (1979): “The meaning of development”, in Leham, D (ed.) Development Theory: Four
Critical Studies, London, Frank Cass, pp9-30.
Tadaro, M P (1977): Economics for a Developing World, Longman, London.
Tadaro, M P and Smith S C (2012): Economic Development Third Edition, Dorling Kindersley
(India) Private Ltd., New Delhi.
UNCTAD(2009): The Least Developed Countries Report 2009, New York and Geneva, United
Nations Publication.
United Nations (1975): Developemnt Adminstrtion:Current Approaches and Trends in Public
Adninistration for National Developemnt, Kew York, United Nationa, p189.
United Nations Development Programme(2001): Human Development Report, Oxford
University Press, Oxford.
World Bank(2000):, New Paths to Social Development, Community and Global Net Work in
Action, World Bank, Washington.
Zafarulla, H and Huque, A S (2006): “Understanding development governance: Concept,
institution and process” in Haque A.S. and Zafarulla, H (ed.) International Development
Governance, Taylor and Francis, PP 13-50.
***
Sets, Relations, Functions, Matrices and Determinants, Probability and Statistics, Descriptive
and Inferential Statistics, Probability Distributions, Numerical Methods, Finite Differences,
Numerical Integration.
Data Representation: Data Types, Number Systems and Conversion, Complements, Fixed Point
Representation, Floating Point Representation, Error Detection Codes, Computer Arithmetic -
Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division Algorithms.
Register Transfer and Microoperations: Register Transfer Language, Bus and Memory
Transfers, Arithmetic, Logic and Shift Microoperations.
Basic Computer Organization and Design: Stored Program Organization and Instruction Codes,
Computer Registers, Computer Instructions, Timing and Control, Instruction Cycle, Memory-
Reference Instructions, Input-Output, Interrupt.
Sets and Relations: Set Operations, Representation and Properties of Relations, Equivalence
Relations, Partially Ordering.
Group Theory: Groups, Subgroups, Semi Groups, Product and Quotients of Algebraic
Structures, Isomorphism, Homomorphism, Automorphism, Rings, Integral Domains, Fields,
Applications of Group Theory.
Graph Theory: Simple Graph, Multigraph, Weighted Graph, Paths and Circuits, Shortest Paths
in Weighted Graphs, Eulerian Paths and Circuits, Hamiltonian Paths and Circuits, Planner
graph, Graph Coloring, Bipartite Graphs, Trees and Rooted Trees, Prefix Codes, Tree
Traversals, Spanning Trees and Cut-Sets.
Language Design and Translation Issues: Programming Language Concepts, Paradigms and
Models, Programming Environments, Virtual Computers and Binding Times, Programming
Language Syntax, Stages in Translation, Formal Transition Models.
Elementary Data Types: Properties of Types and Objects; Scalar and Composite Data Types.
Programming in C++: Tokens, Identifiers, Variables and Constants; Data types, Operators,
Control statements, Functions Parameter Passing, Virtual Functions, Class and Objects;
Constructors and Destructors; Overloading, Inheritance, Templates, Exception and Event
Handling; Streams and Files; Multifile Programs.
2-D Geometrical Transforms and Viewing: Translation, Scaling, Rotation, Reflection and Shear
Transformations; Matrix Representations and Homogeneous Coordinates; Composite
Transforms, Transformations Between Coordinate Systems, Viewing Pipeline, Viewing
Coordinate Reference Frame, Window to View-Port Coordinate Transformation, Viewing
Functions, Line and Polygon Clipping Algorithms.
Database System Concepts and Architecture: Data Models, Schemas, and Instances; Three-
Schema Architecture and Data Independence; Database Languages and Interfaces; Centralized
and Client/Server Architectures for DBMS.
Data Warehousing and Data Mining: Data Modeling for Data Warehouses, Concept Hierarchy,
OLAP and OLTP; Association Rules, Classification, Clustering, Regression, Support Vector
Machine, K-Nearest Neighbour, Hidden Markov Model, Summarization, Dependency
Modeling, Link Analysis, Sequencing Analysis, Social Network Analysis.
Big Data Systems: Big Data Characteristics, Types of Big Data, Big Data Architecture,
Introduction to Map-Reduce and Hadoop; Distributed File System, HDFS.
NOSQL: NOSQL and Query Optimization; Different NOSQL Products, Querying and
Managing NOSQL; Indexing and Ordering Data Sets; NOSQL in Cloud.
System Software: Machine, Assembly and High-Level Languages; Compilers and Interpreters;
Loading, Linking and Relocation; Macros, Debuggers.
Basics of Operating Systems: Operating System Structure, Operations and Services; System
Calls, Operating-System Design and Implementation; System Boot.
Process Management: Process Scheduling and Operations; Interprocess Communication,
Communication in Client–Server Systems, Process Synchronization, Critical-Section Problem,
Peterson’s Solution, Semaphores, Synchronization.
CPU Scheduling: Scheduling Criteria and Algorithms; Thread Scheduling, Multiple- Processor
Scheduling, Real-Time CPU Scheduling.
File and Input/Output Systems: Access Methods, Directory and Disk Structure; File- System
Mounting, File Sharing, File-System Structure and Implementation; Directory Implementation,
Allocation Methods, Free-Space Management, Efficiency and Performance; Recovery, I/O
Hardware, Application I/O Interface, Kernel I/O Subsystem, Transforming I/O Requests to
Hardware Operations.
Security: Protection, Access Matrix, Access Control, Revocation of Access Rights, Program
Threats, System and Network Threats; Cryptography as a Security Tool, User Authentication,
Implementing Security Defenses.
6. Software Engineering
Software Process Models: Software Process, Generic Process Model – Framework Activity,
Task Set and Process Patterns; Process Lifecycle, Prescriptive Process Models, Project
Management, Component Based Development, Aspect-Oriented Software Development,
Formal Methods, Agile Process Models – Extreme Programming (XP), Adptive Software
Development, Scrum, Dynamic System Development Model, Feature Driven Development,
Crystal, Web Engineering.
Estimation and Scheduling of Software Projects: Software Sizing, LOC and FP based
Estimations; Estimating Cost and Effort; Estimation Models, Constructive Cost Model
(COCOMO), Project Scheduling and Staffing; Time-line Charts.
Software Testing: Verification and Validation; Error, Fault, Bug and Failure; Unit and
Integration Tesing; White-box and Black-box Testing; Basis Path Testing, Control Structure
Testing, Deriving Test Cases, Alpha and Beta Testing; Regression Testing, Performance
Testing, Stress Testing.
Software Configuration Management: Change Control and Version Control; Software Reuse,
Software Re-engineering, Reverse Engineering.
Data Structures: Arrays and their Applications; Sparse Matrix, Stacks, Queues, Priority Queues,
Linked Lists, Trees, Forest, Binary Tree, Threaded Binary Tree, Binary Search Tree, AVL Tree,
B Tree, B+ Tree, B* Tree, Data Structure for Sets, Graphs, Sorting and Searching Algorithms;
Hashing.
Graph Algorithms: Breadth-First Search, Depth-First Search, Shortest Paths, Maximum Flow,
Minimum Spanning Trees.
Turing Machines (TM): Standard Turing Machine and its Variations; Universal Turing
Machines, Models of Computation and Church-Turing Thesis; Recursive and Recursively-
Enumerable Languages; Context-Sensitive Languages, Unrestricted Grammars, Chomsky
Hierarchy of Languages, Construction of TM for Simple Problems.
Semantic Analysis: Attribute Grammar, Syntax Directed Definitions, Inherited and Synthesized
Attributes; Dependency Graph, Evaluation Order, S-attributed and L-attributed Definitions;
Type-Checking.
Run Time System: Storage Organization, Activation Tree, Activation Record, Stack Allocation
of Activation Records, Parameter Passing Mechanisms, Symbol Table.
Computer Networks: Network Topologies, Local Area Networks, Metropolitan Area Networks,
Wide Area Network, Wireless Networks, Internet.
Network Models: Layered Architecture, OSI Reference Model and its Protocols; TCP/IP
Protocol Suite, Physical, Logical, Port and Specific Addresses; Switching Techniques.
Functions of OSI and TCP/IP Layers: Framing, Error Detection and Correction; Flow and Error
Control; Sliding Window Protocol, HDLC, Multiple Access – CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA,
Reservation, Polling, Token Passing, FDMA, CDMA, TDMA, Network Devices, Backbone
Networks, Virtual LANs.
IPv4 Structure and Address Space; Classful and Classless Addressing; Datagram, Fragmentation
and Checksum; IPv6 Packet Format, Mapping Logical to Physical Address (ARP), Direct and
Indirect Network Layer Delivery; Routing Algorithms, TCP, UDP and SCTP Protocols; Flow
Control, Error Control and Congestion Control in TCP and SCTP.
World Wide Web (WWW): Uniform Resource Locator (URL), Domain Name Service (DNS),
Resolution - Mapping Names to Addresses and Addresses to Names; Electronic Mail
Architecture, SMTP, POP and IMAP; TELNET and FTP.
Mobile Technology: GSM and CDMA; Services and Architecture of GSM and Mobile
Computing; Middleware and Gateway for Mobile Computing; Mobile IP and Mobile
Communication Protocol; Communication Satellites, Wireless Networks and Topologies;
Cellular Topology, Mobile Adhoc Networks, Wireless Transmission and Wireless LANs;
Wireless Geolocation Systems, GPRS and SMS.
Cloud Computing and IoT: SaaS, PaaS, IaaS, Public and Private Cloud; Virtualization, Virtual
Server, Cloud Storage, Database Storage, Resource Management, Service Level Agreement,
Basics of IoT.
10. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Approaches to AI: Turing Test and Rational Agent Approaches; State Space Representation of
Problems, Heuristic Search Techniques, Game Playing, Min-Max Search, Alpha Beta Cutoff
Procedures.
Planning: Components of a Planning System, Linear and Non Linear Planning; Goal Stack
Planning, Hierarchical Planning, STRIPS, Partial Order Planning.
Multi Agent Systems: Agents and Objects; Agents and Expert Systems; Generic Structure of
Multiagent System, Semantic Web, Agent Communication, Knowledge Sharing using
Ontologies, Agent Development Tools.
Genetic Algorithms (GA): Encoding Strategies, Genetic Operators, Fitness Functions and GA
Cycle; Problem Solving using GA.
(i) Question Paper consists of 100 MCQ’s comprising two parts (Part I: Research
Methodology, 50 MCQ’s of 50 marks and Part II: Computer Science, 50 MCQ’s of 50
marks)
(ii) Both, Part I and Part II are compulsory.
(iii) Use of Scientific Calculator/ any Calculator will be allowed.
(iv) For each correct answer 1 mark will be awarded.
***
2. Research Processes
Identification of Research Problems.
Review of Literature.
Selection of a Research Problem
Formulation of a Hypothesis.
Research Design.
Hypothesis.
2. Legal Theory
Nature and Source of Law.
Positivism, Natural Law Theory, Sociological Jurisprudence.
Theories of punishment.
Rights and Duties.
Concepts of Possession and Ownership.
Judicial Process and Social Transformation.
Judicial Activism.
Social Justice.
6. Law of Torts
7. Environmental law
***
Syllabus for entrance test is based on M.Sc Nursing curriculum with following details:
Research Methodology and Statistics 50 Marks
Nursing management 20 Marks
Nursing Education 20 Marks
Specialization area of Nursing 10 Marks
(Medical Surgical Nursing/Pediatric Nursing /Obstetric and Gynecology Nursing/
Community Health Nursing/Mental Health and psychiatric Nursing)
***
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Research Methodology
- Definitions of Research
- Objectives of Research
- Types of Research
- Significance of Research
- Preparing Research proposal
- Research Approaches
- Stages of Report writing
- Using Library resources
- Style Sheets
- Data collection and Data Analysis
Translation Studies
Note:
Nature of Questions-Multiple Choice Questions
Total Number of Questions-100, (50 Questions on Research Methodology, 50 Questions
on Translation Studies)
There shall be no Negative Marking
***
The syllabus of the Entrance Test shall consists of 50% of research methodology and 50% shall
be of Vocational education and training
Part-A: Research Methodology
Introduction to research: meaning of research, role research in behavioral sciences, process of
research, types of research, research approach and significance of research.
Formulation of a Research Problem: Research problem: definition, selection and necessity of
research problem.
Data Collection Methods: Primary and secondary data, methods of collecting primary data,
merits and demerits of different methods of collecting primary data, non-response.
Data Collection Techniques: Designing a questionnaire, pretesting a questionnaire, editing of
primary data, technique of interview, collection of secondary data, scrutiny of secondary data,
scale of measurements.
Sampling Techniques: Introduction to sampling, advantage of sampling over census, probability
and non-probability sampling and non-sampling error, basics of simple random sampling, stratified
random sampling, systematic sampling, and multistage sampling.
Presentation of Data: Classification and tabulation of data diagrammatic and graphical
presentation of data.
Statistical Methods: Measure of Central tendency, measures of dispersion, simple correlation and
regression, testing of hypothesis (z, t, F and chi-square tests), Interpretation of data.
Report writing: Formation of Report, Presentation of a report
Part B: Vocational Education and Training
Vocational Education (for Human Recourse Development for National Development, for
Knowledge Economy, for Development of Marginalized Sections of the Society, for Persons with
Special Needs, Personal/Family Actualisation and Happiness).
International Experiences: Review of International Reports (UNESCO’s Report of the
International Commission on Education for the Twenty-First Century “Learning: The Treasure
Within, Second International Congress on Technical and Vocational Education, Report on
Knowledge Acquisition and Skill Development (UNESCO)), International Experiences in
Vocational Education (Germany, China, Korea, Japan, Switzerland, Australia, New Zealand).
Growth and Development in India: Historical Background of Vocational Education in India
(Pre-Independence Period, Post-Independence Period), Impact of Globalization and Liberalization
on Vocational Education. Recent Government of India initiatives on Vocational education, NSOF,
VET programmes through formal non-formal modes.
Initiatives by Different Sectors of India: Education Sector (CBSE, State Boards, NIOS and State
Open Schools, Community Polytechnics, Jan Shikshan Sansthans, Community Colleges, Degree
Colleges and Universities, Open Universities, NCERT and PSSCIVE), Industrial Sector
(Craftsman Training Scheme, Apprenticeship Training Scheme, Skill Development Initiative),
***