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NCM 117 A Lec / W3 / Akba: Theory
NCM 117 A Lec / W3 / Akba: Theory
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Developmental Theories
NCM 117 A LEC / W3 / AKBA
socially acceptable, rather than destructive (“make un-happen”) those impulses, even if only at
activities a symbolic level.
A person may turn to boxing to deal with Thinking about being violent with someone, one would
Aggression then be overly nice or accommodating to them
Denial Suppression
Refusal to acknowledge disturbing aspects of Conscious and deliberate forgetfulness of painful or
external reality, as well as the existence of undesirable thoughts and ideas.
disturbing psychological (internal) events, such as
thoughts, memories, or feelings A rape victim attempts to forget the incident and fails
to report it to the proper authorities.
A woman refuses to acknowledge a pregnancy, despite
positive test results. Intellectualization
Use of excessive reasoning rather than changing or
Idealization reacting
Attributing unrealistic positive qualities to
self and others. A woman attending AA meeting reports that she is a
nurse and has conducted many 12-steps sessions.
A student worried about intellectual ability begins
to idolizes a tutor.
Psychosocial Theory
Isolation of Affect →Erik Erikson
Conflict is defused by separating ideas from → distinctive psychosocial crisis or task must be
affects, thus retaining an awareness of mastered or resolved by the Ego to advance through
intellectual or factual aspects but losing touch various developmental stage
with threatening emotions. → failure-maladaptation
Projection
Unacceptable emotion or personal qualities are
disowned by attributing them to others.
Reaction Formation
Unacceptable thoughts or impulses are → failure to resolve one or more crisis is almost certain
contained by adopting a position that to encounter problem in the succeeding stage or in the
expresses the direct opposite. future.
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Developmental Theories
NCM 117 A LEC / W3 / AKBA
First psychologist to make a study of Operations o Children gain a better
cognitive development understanding of mental
He believed that children think differently operations
than adults 4 Events In Concrete
Intrigued with the reason children gave for Operation:
their wrong answer on the question that 1. Logic
require logical thinking 2. Classification
→theory that accounts for the steps and sequences of 3. Elimination of
children’ intellectual development Egocentrism
→Proposed that each stage serves as a precursor to all 4. Reversibility
succeeding stage so that reasoning develops sequentially 4. Formal o 12- adulthood
→Children construct what they already know and what Operation o People develop the ability
they discover in their environment. to think about abstract
→To explain the mechanism and processes by which the concept skills such as
infant, and then the child, develops into an individual deductive logical thought
who can reason and think using hypothesis. and reasoning, systematic
planning.
2 Major Principles Guide to Intellectual Growth and o Events:
Development Logic: Deductive Logic
1. Organization Abstract Thought
Refers to the mind’s natural tendency to organize Problem Solving
information into related, interconnected structures.
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