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Business Finance: QTR 1 Week 2-3 Modules 2-3
Business Finance: QTR 1 Week 2-3 Modules 2-3
BUSINESS FINANCE
The Flow of Funds within an Organization-
through and from the Enterprise
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Learning Module for Business Finance
Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other task/s that
may disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions
below to successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!
Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing
the lessons in the module.
Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.
Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure what learnings and
skills did you understand from the previous lesson.
Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.
Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of
the lessons.
Check your Understanding - It will verify how you learned from the lesson.
Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire module
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Learning Module for Business Finance
LESSON
The Flow Of Funds Within An Organization-
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Through And From The Enterprise
EXPECTATIONS
prepare a diagram illustrating how the financial system works
define Financial Markets, Financial Institutions and Financial Instruments
identify the types of financial markets, financial
institutions
and financial instruments
Directions: Choose the letter corresponding to the correct answer for each of
the questions provided below. Encircle your answer.
1. The ___________ is created by a financial relationship between suppliers and
users of short-term funds.
2. Firms that require funds from external sources can obtain them from
______________________.
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Learning Module for Business Finance
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Learning Module for Business Finance
I would like to invest my money to stock market where it will grow and will not remain
stagnant.
Activity 2. Now, that you have a business running and profitable, you decide to
expand but do not have enough cash to pay for the expansion. Where can you get
the additional funding?
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Learning Module for Business Finance
You will not be able to find someone to invest your money to get
funds to start your expansion. Here is where the Financial System comes
in. But before we go further with our topic on Financial System, let us
asses your in-depth knowledge on it.
BRIEF INTRODUCTION
Let us analyse the situation so you can understand easily the next topic. If
Company A knows that Company B is in need of funds, or if Company B knows
that Company A is willing to invest funds, Company A and B may agree to make
a private placement. However, if these facts are unknown to them, Companies A
and B can go to a Financial Market which is an organized forum that lets A,
along with other suppliers of funds, and B, along with other users of funds, meet
and make transactions. Once A and B have met in the Financial Market, they can
now agree to make a private placement. Whatever you call them, financial markets are where traders buy and
sell assets.
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Learning Module for Business Finance
Financial institutions are those institutions that operate in the financial market, providing different services for a wide range
of stakeholder.
Source:TeachingGuideforSeniorHighSchool,BusinessFinance,Pu
blishedbytheCommissiononHigherEducation,2016
How transactions between suppliers and users of funds take place? How
would they prove that there was a transaction so that the demander will be able to
repay the supplier on time and at the right amount? You may write your answers
on the box.
Transactions between suppliers and users of funds take place through FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, a
contract that evidences transaction that takes place between the users and suppliers of funds, whether it
may be in a form of financial liability or financial asset.
Due to the increased need for security for the performance of obligations
arising from these transactions, the transfers of funds from one party to another
are made through Financial Instruments.
Financial instruments are monetary contracts between parties. They can be created, traded,
Financial Instruments modified and settled. They can be cash, evidence of an ownership interest in an entity or a
contractual right to receive or deliver in the form of currency; debt; equity; or derivatives.
When a financial instrument is issued, it gives rise to a financial asset on
one hand and a financial liability or equity instrument on the other.
Recall from your ABM class the following definitions:
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Learning Module for Business Finance
Who are the holders of Financial Assets? Who are the makers of Financial
Liabilities and Equity instruments? Do you have any idea? Please write on the
box your answers.
Suppliers of funds are the holders of financial assets while users of funds are the holders of
financial liabilities and equity instruments.
When companies are in need of funding, they either sell debt securities (or
bonds) or issue equity instruments. The proceeds from the sale of the debt
securities and issuance of bonds will be used to finance the company’s plans.
Note: Suppliers of Funds are the holders of financial assets. The users of funds
are the makers of financial liabilities and equity instruments.
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Learning Module for Business Finance
• Treasury Bonds and Treasury Bills are sued by the Philippine government.
These bonds and bills have usually low interest rates and have very low risk of
default since the government assures that these will be paid.
Preferred Stock has priority over a common stock in terms of claims over the
assets of a company. This means that if a company were to be liquidated and
its assets have to be distributed, no asset will be distributed to common
stockholders unless all the claims of the preferred stockholders have been
given. Dividends to preferred stockholders are usually in a fixed rate. No cash
dividends will be given to common stockholders unless all the dividends due
to preferred stockholders are paid first. (Cayanan, A. 2015)
Holders of Common Stock on the other hand are the real owners of the
company. If the company’s growth is spurring, the common stockholders will
benefit on the growth. Moreover, during a profitable period for which a
company may decide to declare higher dividends, preferred stock will receive
a fixed dividend rate while common stockholders receive all the excess.
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Learning Module for Business Finance
Financial Markets
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Learning Module for Business Finance
A mutual fund is a type of financial vehicle made up of a pool of money collected from many investors to invest in securities like stocks,
bonds, money market instruments, and other assets. Mutual funds give small or individual investors access to professionally managed
portfolios of equities, bonds, and other securities. Each shareholder, therefore, participates proportionally in the gains or losses of the fund.
Mutual Funds - Mutual funds are owned by investment companies which enable
small investors to enjoy the benefits of investing in a diversified portfolio of
securities purchased on their behalf by professional investment managers. When
mutual funds use money from investors to invest in newly issued debt or equity
securities, they finance new investment by firms.
Pension Funds – these are financial institutions that receive payments from
employees and invest the proceeds on their behalf.
ACTIVITIES
Directions: Complete the chart. Identify the roles of the following financial
institutions
Activity 2
Question for reflection: How would you relate the role of financial managers,
role of financial markets and role of investors?
Take the
Challenge
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Learning Module for Business Finance
REMEMBER
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Learning Module for Business Finance
Directions: Before each statement on the space provided, write TRUE if the
statement is correct or FALSE if the statement is incorrect.
_____________1. Primary and secondary markets are markets for short-term and
long-term securities, respectively.
_____________2. Financial markets are intermediaries that channel the
savings of individuals, businesses, and government into loans
or investments.
_____________3. The money market involves trading of securities with
maturities of one year or less while the capital market
involves the buying and selling of securities with maturities of
more than one year.
_____________4. Holders of equity have claims on both income and assets
that are secondary to the claims of creditors.
_____________5. Preferred stock is a special form of stock having a fixed
periodic dividend that must be paid prior to payment of any
interest to outstanding bonds.
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Learning Module for Business Finance
Direction: Choose the letter corresponding to the correct answer for each of the
questions provided below.
1. Corporate owners receive realizable return through
A. earnings per share and cash dividends.
B. increase in share price and cash dividends.
C. increase in share price and earnings per share.
D. profit and earnings per share.
3. Wealth maximization as the goal of the firm implies enhancing the wealth of
A. the Board of Directors.
B. the firm's employees
C. the federal government
D. the firm's stockholders
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Learning Module for Business Finance
I. POSTTEST
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Choose the letter corresponding to the correct answer for each
of the questions provided below. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
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Learning Module for Business Finance
8. Government usually
A. borrows funds directly from financial institutions.
B. maintains permanent deposits with financial institutions.
C. is a net supplier of funds.
D. is a net demander of funds.
-SITES
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Learning Module for Business Finance
WEBSITES:
Books
Cayanan, A. & Borja (forthcoming). Business Finance.
Quezon City. Rex Bookstore.
Gitman, L. J. & Zutter C. J. (2012), Principles of Managerial Finance (13th Ed), USA:
Prentice-Hall
Teaching Guide for Senior High School, Business Finance, Published by the
Commission on Higher Education, 2016
Websites
https://www.suomenpankki.fi/en/financial-stability/the-financial-system-in-
brief/, Retrieved June 19, 2020
https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/macro-economics/national-income-
macro-economics/flow-of-funds-accounts-meaning-limitation-and-
importance/30779, Retrieved June 19, 2020
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_of_funds, Retrieved June 19, 2020
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242549124_Using_Flow_of_Funds_to
_Explain_the_Financial_Markets_Crisis, Retrieved June 19, 2020
https://www.suomenpankki.fi/en/financial-stability/the-financial-system-in-brief/
Acknowledgment
Writer: Edna B. Waje, DEM
Editor: Isabel A. Gumaru, DBA
Evaluator: Ellaine I. Dela Cruz, DBA
Reviewers: Remylinda T. Soriano, EPS, Math
Angelita Z. Modesto, PSDS
George B. Borromeo, PSDS
Management Team:
Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V, Schools Division Superintendent
Aida H. Rondilla, CID Chief
Lucky S. Carpio, EPS In-Charge of LRMDS
Lady Hannah C. Gillo, Librarian II, LRMDs
ANSWER KEY
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Learning Module for Business Finance
ANSWER KEY:
PRETEST:
I. MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. B 3. A 5. B
2. D 4. C
II. TRUE or FALSE
1. T 3. T 5. T
2. F 4. F
1. T 3. T 5. F
2. T 4. F
Take the Challenge
Role of Financial Role of Financial Markets Role of Investors
Managers
The financial markets provide
Financial managers make a forum in which firms can Investors provide the
financing decisions that issue securities to obtain the funds that are to be used
require funding from funds that they need and in by financial managers to
investors in the financial which investors can purchase finance corporate
markets. securities to invest their growth.
funds.
ACTIVITIES
Activity 1. TRUE or FALSE
1. T 5. T 9. F
2. F 6. T 10. T
3. T 7. T
4. F 8. F
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
I. MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A 6. C 3. B 8. D 5. A 10. B
2. A 7. A 4. B 9. D
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