11

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    
   
 

i
Organization and Management – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Meaning, Functions, and Theories of Management
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education, Division of Palawan

Schools Division Superintendent:
Natividad P. Bayubay, CESO VI
Assistant Schools Division Superintendents:
Loida P. Olavario, Ph.D.
Felix M. Pamaran

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Angela Merici S. Bacosa
Content Editors: Sidney D. Saldevia
Mark G. Javillonar
Language Editor: Marianne R. Valdez
Reviewers: Eric N. Quillip
Layout Artist: Mark G. Javillonar
Management Team: Aurelia B. Marquez
Rodgie S. Demalinao
Eric N. Quillip

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – MIMAROPA Region – Schools Division of Palawan

Office Address: PEO Road, Bgy. Bancao-Bancao, Puerto Princesa City

Telephone: (048) 433-6392
E-mail Address: [email protected]
Website: www.depedpalawan.com

ii
 11

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
    
  
  

iii
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Organization and Management – Grade 11 Modular Distance

Learning (MDL) Self-Learning Module on the Meaning, Functions, Types, and
theories of Management!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

from public institution to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the
learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELCs) in the “New Normal” situation while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

iv
For the learner:

Welcome to the Organization and Management – Grade 11 Modular Distance

Learning (MDL) Self-Learning Module on the Meaning, Functions, Types, and
theories of Management!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
This part includes an activity that aims to
What I Know check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
What’s In the current lesson with the previous one.
In this portion, the new lesson will be
What’s New introduced to you in various ways; a story, a
song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity
or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

v
 In this portion, another activity will be given
Additional Activities to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned.
This contains answers to all activities in the
Answer Key module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

vi
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the meaning, functions and theories of management. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read
them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1 – Meaning and Functions and Types of Management
 Lesson 2 – Theories of Management

After going through this module, you are expected to:

Lesson 1:
1. Identify the meanings, functions and types of Management;
2. Explain the meanings, functions and types of Management;
Lesson 2:
3. Identify and differentiate the theories of management;
4. Apply the theories of management in today’s economy; and
5. Relate the theories of management with one’ daily life.

1
 What I Know

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on your
workbook.

1. What function of management involves inspiring and motivating workers to

work hard to achieve organizational goals?
a. Planning
b. Organizing
c. Controlling
d. Leading

2. What function of management involves deciding beforehand what is to be

done in the future?
a. Planning
b. Organizing
c. Controlling
d. Leading

3. Who is the father of Scientific Management?

a. Henri Fayol
b. Frederick Taylo
c. Henry Gantt
d. Mark Zuckerber

4. What function of management involves organizing the activities and

resources, as in identifying the tasks, classifying them, assigning duties to
subordinates and allocating the resources?
a. Planning
b. Controlling
c. Leading
d. Organizing

5. What theory of management involves the systematic study of the

relationships between people and tasks for the purpose of redesigning the
work process for higher efficiency?
a. Administrative Management
b. Human Relations Management
c. Scientific Management
d. Contingency Management

6. What theory of management focuses on people, particularly the

psychological and social aspects of work?
a. Administrative Management
b. Human Relations Management
2
 c. Scientific Management
d. Contingency Management

7. What is the process of working with people and resources to accomplish

organizational goals effectively and efficiently?
a. Planning
b. Management
c. Theories
d. Organization

3
8. is concerned on how things get done with the minimum effort,
expense or waste.
a. Effectiveness
b. Efficiency
c. Plan
d. Organize

9. is about getting tasks done that help to fulfill organizational

objectives.
a. Effectiveness
b. Efficiency
c. Plan
d. Organize

10. Which function of management involves a number of steps to be taken to

make sure that the performance of the employees is as per the plans?
a. Controlling
b. Planning
c. Organizing
d. Leading

11. Who developed the five functions of management?

a. Henry Gantt
b. Frederick Taylor
c. Henri Fayol
d. Max Weber

12. What theory of management focuses on using knowledge, fairness, and

logical rules and procedures?
a. Scientific Management
b. Bureaucratic Management
c. Administrative Management
d. Human Relations Management

13. Who proposed the idea of Bureaucratic organization?

a. Henri Fayol
b. Max Weber
c. Frederick Taylor
d. Henry Gantt

14. What theory of management refers to the study of how to create an

organizational structure that leads to high efficiency and effectiveness?
a. Scientific Management
b. Bureaucratic Management
c. Administrative Management
d. Contingency Management

4
15. What theory of management states that there are no universal management
theories and the most effective theory or idea depends on the kinds and
problems or situations that managers or organizations are facing in a
particular time?
a. Scientific Management
b. Bureaucratic Management
c. Administrative Management
d. Contingency Management

5
Lesson Meaning, Functions, and
1 Types of Management

Business is one of the vital parts of an economy. In today’s business landscape due
to the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic, managing an organization could be tough
for the managers. The sudden shift to work from home arrangement of the
employees, doing business through online platforms, conducting meeting and
planning session online and other organization activities affected the business
environment forever.

This lesson will help you understand the meaning and functions of management
and how it is applied to the organizations. Despite of the changes that occur from
time to time in the organization, still the managers should perform these functions
to be able to achieve the organizational goals.

What’s In

The Covid-19 virus that started from Wuhan China continues to spread around the
globe affecting individuals, businesses and the economy as whole. In the
Philippines, as government decided to enact Enhanced Community Quarantine to
suppress the spread of the virus, it leads to temporary closure of establishments
like malls, gyms, hotels, resorts, coffee shops and other businesses. During this
time, employees started to work from home, attending meeting online, managers
started to plan and adapt in the new normal.

Notes to the Teacher

Begin the lesson by letting the students do Activity No 1. Let the
students answer the given activity which will help them
familiarize roles of financial management and comparison of
financial market, financial institution, and financial instrument.

6
 What’s New

Activity 1: PicReflect
Direction: Study the pictures below and write your reflection on your workbook.

7
 What is It

In every organization, management is regarded as the most important in all human

activities and it is needed to be practiced deliberately and continually to properly
shape the organization. Though it became more complex as time goes by, the basic
knowledge on management should not be set aside.

Management is the result of Industrial Revolution during the late 19th century,
developed and expanded in the early 20th Century, when large companies started
to emerge. Management defined as the process of working with people and
resources to accomplish organizational goals effectively and efficiently. It is getting
things done through others. Management acts as guide to those who are working
while coordinating all the efforts towards the attainment of the common objective.
As part of the managerial responsibility, managers must be concern with the
efficiency and effectiveness of the activities in the organization. Efficiency
concerns on how things get done with the minimum effort, expense or waste while
effectiveness is about getting tasks done that help to fulfill organizational
objectives.

The pandemic brings a lot of changes in management and carrying out its
functions is also a challenging tasks for the managers.

The founder of the field of Management was Henri Fayol who was then a managing
director of a larger steel company. According to him, managers need to perform the
five managerial functions: Planning, Organizing, coordinating, commanding and
controlling for the organization become successful. As time passes, most of the
management books today updated the five functions dropping the coordinating
function and replaced commanding by leading. The four managerial functions by
Henri Fayol are now known as Planning, Organizing, Leading and Controlling.

Let’s take a look to the illustration below to easy understand the four managerial
functions.

PLANNING ORGANIZING LEADING CONTROLLING

• to • to organise the activities • involves inspiring • involves a number of
decide and resources, as in and motivating steps to be taken to
identifying the tasks,
beforehand classifying them, workers to workhard make sure that the
what is to be assigning duties to to achieve performance of the
done in subordinates and organizational goals. employees is as per
future. allocating the resources. the plans.

Source: Elements by Canva.com

6
The first function of management: Planning talks about setting the organizational
goals and finding way how to achieve it in the future. A good plan is almost half
done. This function need to be carried out accordingly by the management to
lessen failure in the long-run, like the old saying goes “If you fail to plan, you plan
to fail.”

After knowing the organizational goals and the means to achieve it, organizing is
the next function to be performed by the management. It is about deciding what
actions will be made, and identifying the person who will do the tasks while
allocating the resources to the things needed to be done.

Leading, the third management function, works closely to the human resources of
the organization, where different leadership styles apply to the diverse personality
of the workers. An inspired and motivated worker will work well the job thus leads
to the achievement of the organizational goals.

The last function of management, controlling involves monitoring all the

performances if everything goes according to plan. It is a process that involves
setting the standards to achieve organizational goals and comparing the actual
performance to the set standards and make changes if not.
Organizational success is guaranteed if managers perform or carry out well all the
functions of management.

Notes to the Teacher

The brief discussion above provided enough information for the
students to do the activities on the succeeding pages. Such
activities are designed for individual preparation and lesser
teacher intervention.

7
 What’s More
Activity 2: Caselet
Directions: Read the caselet below and develop an action plan on your worksheet.

Case: During the Enhanced Community Quarantine, a large supplier of plants and
garden materials in Puerto Princesa temporarily closed their establishment to
adhere in the Bayanihan to Heal as One Law. After a month, the government
changed the regulation and it allowed partial opening of the business
establishment provided that they will follow the standard health protocols. Mina
Reyes, the owner and manager of the establishment is thinking of the ways on how
to sell and earn profit despite of the pandemic. The company comprised of 20
employees that maintain the plants, do marketing and taking of the financial
matter.
Problem Statement: To recommend an action plan for the Plants and Garden
Materials supplier.

Action Plan Recommendation

Management What When Where Who How How
Function Much

Planning

Organizing

Leading

Controlling

8
 What I Have Learned
Activity 3: Find and Explain

Directions: Using the word cloud below, find the words that discussed in the
lesson and explain based on your own understanding. Write your answer in your
workbook.

9
 What I Can Do

This activity will let you apply to real-life activity what you have learned from the
lesson.

Activity 4: MANAGING MY PRECIOUS TIME

Make a weekly schedule plan for your daily activities from 6:00 am to 9:00pm,
Mondays - Sundays for one whole month. Write your goal first before making a
schedule.

GOAL:
Date:

TIME
WEDNESDAY

THURSDAY

SATURDAY
TUESDAY
MONDAY

SUNDAY
FRIDAY

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:00

11:00

12:00

1:00

2:00

10
 3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

Activity 5: My Learning Point

Complete the statement by providing the information you gained from the lesson.
 I learned that management
 The 4 management functions are
 Planning
 Organizing
 Leading
 Controlling

11
Lesson Theories of Management
2
Learning the history and different theories of management will let us understand
management. This lesson will let us time travel in the past and learn the
foundation of management that we have right now.

What’s In

After learning the meaning and functions of management in the previous lesson,
you are now ready to learn the types and theories of management. Like the contact
tracing during the pandemic, we must know and understand the theories of
management to be able to apprehend well the present.

Notes to the Teacher

Begin the lesson by letting the students to do Activity 1. Let them
find the word that related to the theories of management.

12
 What’s New

Activity 1: Search and you will find

Directions: Find the following words related to Theories of Management:
BUREAUCRATIC SCIENTIFIC CONTINGENCY

MANAGEMENT MOTION STUDIES GANTT CHART

SYSTEM OPERATIONS INFORMATION

13
 What is It

Management regarded as a field of study started around hundred years ago, but its
ideas and practices are wildly used in the earliest time and even now at the present
time. Throughout history, we can find recordings of how management of thoughts
and practices are used in the ancient times. Just like how the Pyramid of Egypt
was created where Egyptians see the need for planning, organizing, and controlling
to achieve their goals to create the great pyramid. Aside from the Egyptians, there
are a lot of individuals or groups that also applied the management like Babylonian
King Hammurabi who established controls by using witnesses and written
documents.
The Industrial Revolution (1750-1900) had begun transforming the agrarian and
rural areas to urban society when the use of the power of steam started to
manufactured products in the Britain. Assembly line started to form, workers
started to work in factories and some changes occur in the economy thus the need
of management became vital during that time.
The Evolution of Theories of Management
• this theory involves the systematic study of the relationships between
Scientific
Managem people and tasks for the purpose of redesigning the work process for higher
ent efficiency.
Theory
Bureaucr •theory focuses on using knowledge, fairness, and logical rules and
atic procedures.
Managem
ent
Administra •a study of how to create an organizational structure that leads
tive to high efficiency and effectiveness.
Manageme
nt
Human
Relations • focuses on people, particularly the psychological and social aspects of work
Manageme
nt

Operations,
• uses a quantitative, or mathematical approaches, continuously adapting
information the use of information technologies, looking for connections between the
System and different parts of the organization and applying the right theory that
Contingency
Manangeme depends in organizations situations.
nt

Scientific Management
It was when Frederick W. Taylor, the father of scientific management began his
career at Midvale Steel Company. Workers in that steel company deliberately
slowing their pace in producing output while F.W. Taylor tried everything to
improve the output because for him it’s possible to produce more. He hired new
workers and trained them, but due to the social pressure by other workers, they

14
kept them from doing so. Taylor’s eventually developed the scientific management
for his goal of using systematic study to find the “one best way” of doing each task.

Right after the development of the Scientific Management theory, Frank and
Lilian Gilbreth developed motion studies to simplify work, increase productivity,
and reduce the level of effort required to safely perform a job. This study is about
breaking up every job action into different components and finding the best way
to perform the actions, thus recognizing each job action to become more
efficient.
Henry Gantt, the associate of Taylor gave his significant contribution when he
developed the Gantt chart that serves as visual indicator on what tasks must be
completed at which times in order to complete the project.

Bureaucratic Management
Max Weber was the person who proposed the idea of Bureaucratic organization,
according to him it is “the exercise of control on the basis of knowledge”, it aims not
to protect the authority, but to achieve the organizational goals in the most efficient
manner.

Here are the Elements of Bureaucratic Organizations:

 Qualification- based hiring

 Merit-based promotion
 Chain of Commands
 Division of Labor
 Impartial application of rules and procedures
 Recorded in writing
 Managers separate from owners
Administrative Management
Henri Fayol, a Frenchman who had a significant contribution to the field of
management. He is best known for developing the five functions of management
and the fourteen principles of management. As for him, managers need to perform
well the five managerial functions if they want to become successful. According to
him, effective management is based on the fourteen principles as follows:

 Division of Work
 Authority and responsibility
 Discipline
 Unity of command
 Unity of direction
 Subordination of individual interests to the general interest
 Remuneration
 Centralization
 Scalar Chain
 Order
 Equity
 Stability of Tenure
 Initiative
 Esprit de corps

15
Human Relations Management
This approach of management doesn’t see human as extension of machine but a
valuable organization resource. Treating workers well like giving importance to
the peoples need, effort, motivation and performances will lead to organizational
success. Workers performance was affected by their relationship to their bosses,
coworkers, and work groups. The three proponent of this theory are Mary Parker
Follett, Elton Mayo and Chester Barnard.
Mary Parker Follett is known for developing constructive conflict and coordination,
she believed that conflict could be beneficial, where in managers could deal
conflicts in three ways: domination, compromise, integration. Here are the lists of
four fundamental principles of organizations according to her:

1. Coordination as reciprocal relating all the factors in a situation

2. Coordination by direct contact of the responsible people concerned
3. Coordination in the early stage
4. Coordination as a continuing process
Elton Mayo Hawthorne Studies found that human factors related to work are more
important than the physical condition or the design of work, thus workers’ feelings
and attitude affected their work performance.

Cooperation and Acceptance of Authority by Chester Barnard pointed that

organizations need to be both effective and efficient. The satisfaction of workers
need will lead to the achievement of organizational goals and acceptance to the
authority.

Operations, Information, System and Contingency Management

Let us know other significant historical approaches that apply that influenced
managers in their job.
The operation management uses quantitative or mathematical approaches to find
ways to increase the productivity improve quality and manage or reduce costly
inventories. It involves managing the daily production of goods and services.
Whereas, information management, where organizations continuously adopted the
use of information technologies because it can help to reduce cost and increase the
speed of acquiring, storing, retrieving and communicating information. Due to
complexity of today’s companies, the management need to employ larger group of
people that will work together in the company. The managers should address that
complexity thru the system approach wherein it encourages the managers to
complicate their thinking by looking for connections between the different parts of
the organization. Lastly, the contingency management articulates that there are no
universal management theories, the most effective management theory and idea
depends on the situations and problem that the managers and organizations are
facing at a particular time.
The theories act as a guide to the managers and organizations today. At the end of
the day, these theories will help the managers and organization to move forward
and achieve the goals.

16
 What’s More

Activity 2: Acrostic
Create an acrostic using MANAGEMENT THEORY based on the lesson discussed
above.
M-

A-

N-

A-

G-

E-

M-

E-

N-

T-

T-

H-

E-

O-

R-

Y-

17
 What I Have Learned

Activity 3: Crossword Puzzle

18
 What I Can Do

Activity 4: Draw and Explain

Directions: Draw a caricature that shows the theories of management. Briefly
explain your drawing.

Activity 5: Trace it back.

Write the contribution of each theories of management.
Scientific Management Theory

Bureaucratic Management

• Administrative Management

• Human Relations Management

• Operations, information System and Contingency Management

19
 Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on your
worksheet.

1. What function of management involves deciding beforehand what is to be

done in the future?
a. Planning c. Controlling
b. Organizing d. Leading

2. Who is the father of Scientific Management?

a. Henri Fayol c. Henry Gantt
b. Frederick Taylor d. Mark Zuckerberg

3. What function of management involves inspiring and motivating workers to

work hard to achieve organizational goals?
a. Planning c. Controlling
b. Organizing d. Leading

4. What theory of management involves the systematic study of the

relationships between people and tasks for the purpose of redesigning the
work process for higher efficiency?
a. Administrative Management c. Scientific Management
b. Human Relations Management d. Contingency Management

5. What function of management involves organizing the activities and

resources, as in identifying the tasks, classifying them, assigning duties to
subordinates and allocating the resources?
a. Planning c. Leading
b. Controlling d. Organizing

6. What theories of management focus on people, particularly the psychological

and social aspects of work?
a. Administrative Management c. Scientific Management
b. Human Relations Management d. Contingency Management

7. What is the process of working with people and resources to accomplish

organizational goals effectively and efficiently?
a. Planning c. Theories
b. Management d. Organization

8. Who developed the five functions of management?

a. Henry Gantt c. Henri Fayol
b. Frederick Taylor d. Max Weber

9. What theory of management focuses on using knowledge, fairness, and

logical rules and procedures?
a. Scientific Management c. Administrative Management
b. Bureaucratic Management d. Human Relations Management

20
10. Who proposed the idea of Bureaucratic organization?
a. Henri Fayol c. Frederick Taylor
b. Max Weber d. Henry Gantt

11. What theory of management deals with the study of how to create an
organizational structure that leads to high efficiency and effectiveness?
a. Scientific Management c. Administrative Management
b. Bureaucratic Management d. Contingency Management

12. It is concerned on how things get done with the minimum effort, expense or
waste.
a. Effectiveness c. Efficiency
b. Plan d. Organize

13. What function of management involves a number of steps to be taken to

make sure that the performance of the employees is as per the plans?
a. Controlling c. Organizing
b. Planning d. Leading

14. What theory of management states that there are no universal management
theories and the most effective theory or idea depends on the kinds and
problems or situations that managers or organizations are facing in a
particular time?
a. Scientific Management c. Administrative Management
b. Bureaucratic Management d. Contingency Management

15. It is about getting tasks done that help to fulfill organizational objectives.
a. Effectiveness c. Plan
b. Efficiency d. Organize

21
 Additional Activities

Directions: Let us reinforce the knowledge/skills that you have learned in the
module. Choose your preferred activity below:

Write a poem

Draw/create an illustration
Create a vlog
Make a dance step

Note: Vlog and Dance Video will be sent to your teacher online.

22
Answer Key

23
24
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education –

SDO Palawan
Curriculum Implementation Division Office
2nd Floor Deped Palawan Building Telephone no. (048) 433-6392

Learning Resources Management Section

LRMS Building, PEO Compound Telephone no. (048) 434-0099