Experiment Title. 1.

INTRODUCTION TO SPSS

Student Name: Chahat UID: 21MCM7022

Branch: University School of business Section/Group:M.COM hons
Semester: 2 Date of Performance: 20 FEB 2022
Subject Name: Analytical tool in research Subject Code: 20CMP653

1. Aim/Overview of the practical:

Introduction to SPSS
SPSS for windows is a popular and comprehensive data analysis package containing a
multitude of features designed to facilitate the execution of a wide range statistical
analysis. It was developed for the analysis of data in the social sciences – SPSS means
Statistical Package for Social Science. It is well suited to analysing data from surveys ana
database. The practical uses dataset from a cross sectional survey of respiratory function
and dust levels amongst foundry workers. The object of the survey data was to determine
whether the dust levels found in the foundries have any effect on the respiratory function.
In this practical we will know about the introduction to SPSS.

 Understand the main features of SPSS.

 Know where to find help.
 2. Task to be done:
To know about the introduction of SPSS, here in this practical I will explain about the
following topics that will clearly define the introduction to SPSS.

Mouse and keyboard processing.

Frequently – used dialog boxes
Editing output printing results.
Creating and editing a data file.

3. Apparatus(For applied/experimental sciences/materials based labs): NA

4. Algorithm/Flowchart (For programming based labs): NA

5. Theme/Interests definition( For creative domains): NA

6. Steps for experiment/practical:

Opening SPSS
Depending on how the computer you are working on is structured, you can open SPSS in
one of two ways. 1. If there is a SPSS shortcut like on the desktop, simply put the curser on it
and double click the left mouse button. 2. Click the left mouse button on your screen, then put
your cursor on programs or All Programs and left click the mouse. Select SPSS 17.0 for
windows by clicking the left mouse button. (For a while that started calling the program PASW
statistics 17, but they seem to have given that up as a dumb idea when everyone else calls it
SPSS. The version number may change by the time you read this). Either approach will launch
the program. Use one of these approaches to open SPSS yourself.
You will see a screen that looks like the image on the next page. The dialog box that appear
offers choices of running the tutorial, typing in data, running queries or opening an existing data
source. The window behind this is the data editor window which is used to display the data
from whatever file you are using. You could select anyone of the options on the start up dialog
box and click OK , or you could simply hit CANCEL. If you hit cancel, you can either enter
new data in the blank data editor or you could open an existing file using the file menu bar as
explained later. Click Cancel, and we’ll get acquainted with the layout of SPSS.

Layout of SPSS
The data editor window has two views that can be selected from the lower left hand side of the
screen. Data view is where you see the data you are using. Variable view is where you can
supply the format of your data when you are creating a file or where you can check the format
of a pre existing file. The data in the data editor is saved in a file with the extension .sav.
The other most commonly used SPSS window is the SPSS viewer window which displays the
output from any analysis that have been run and any error messages information from the
output viewer is saved in a file with the extension .spo. Let’s open an output file and look at it.
Menu bar icons start up dialog box on the file menu, click open and select output. Select
appendixoutput.spo from the files that can be found at
http://www.uvm.edu/-dhowell/fundamentals7/SPSSManual/SPSSLongerManual/
DataForSPSS / .(At the moment this set of web pages is the most recent version whichever of
my books you are using). Click OK. The following will appear. The left hand side is an outline
of all the output in the file. The right side is the actual output. To shrink or enlarge either side
put your cursor on the line that divides them. When the double headed arrow appears, hold the
left mouse button and move the line in either direction. Release the button and the size will be
adjusted.
Finally, there is the syntax window which displays the command language used to run various
operations. Typically, you will simply use the dialog boxes to set up commands, from the dialog
box to it, or if you wrote you own syntax- something we will not focus on here. Syntax files end
in the extension .sps.

Four windows of SPSS

Input window: It is the first page that gets displayed when we open SPSS software. Here we
enter the data primarily.

 Data view: The data view is used to store and show your data. It is much like an ordinary
spread sheet although in general the data is structured so that rows are cases and the
columns are for the different variables that relate to each case.
 Variable view: The variable view contains the variables on your data set, so it defines the
properties of your dataset. Each row will define all of the various variables. The variables
includes - name, type, width, decimals, label, values, missing, column, align and
measure.
Output window: This window is used to show the results that have been output from your data
analysis. Depending onthe analysis that you are carrying out this may include the Chart Editor
Window or Pivot Table Window. Syntax window: This window shows the underlying
commands that have executed your data analysis. If you are a confident coder this is where you
can amend the code or write your own from scratch and then run your own custom analysis on
your data set.

Script window: Scripts can be used to customize operations within a particular stream and they
are saved with that stream. Scripts can be used to specify a particular execution order for the
terminal nodes within a stream. It is mainly used for coding and programming.

7. Observations/Discussions(For applied/experimental sciences/materials based labs): NA

8. Percentage error (if any or applicable): NA

9. Calculations/ Chemical Reactions / Theorems /Formulas used etc: NA

10. Result/Output/Writing Summary:

The Variable View tab displays information about the variables in your data. You can get to the
Variable View window in two ways:

In the Data Editor window, click the Variable View tab at the bottom.

. In the Data Editor window, in the Data View tab, double-click a variable name at the top of the
column. This method has the advantage of taking you to the specific variable you clicked.

The Variable View tab displays the information, in columns, about each variable in your data

THE VALUES

For coded categorical variables, the value label(s) that should be associated with each category
abbreviation. Value labels are useful primarily for categorical (i.e., nominal or ordinal)
variables, especially if they have been recorded as beffice codes (e.g., 1, 2, 3). It is strongly
suggested that you give each value a label so that you (and anyone looking at your data or
results) understands what each value represents.

When value labels are defined, the labels will display in the output instead of the original codes.
Note that defining value labels only affects the labels associated with each value, and does not
change the recorded values themselves.

Example: In the sample dataset, the variable Rank represents the student's class rank. The
values 1, 2, 3, 4 represent the categories Freshman, Sophomore, Junior, and Senior,
respectively. Let's define the category labels for the Rank variable in the sample data.
Under the column "Values," click the cell that corresponds to the variable whose values you
wish to label. If the values are

currently undefined, the cell will say "None." Click the square "..." button. The Value Labels
window appears.

DATA VIEW

When you view data in SPSS, each row in the Data View represents a case, and each column
represents a variable.

Cases represent independent observations, experimental units, or subjects. For example, if the
data are based on a survey of college students, then each row in the data would represent a
specific college student who participated in the study.

Variables are attributes, characteristics, or measurements that describe cases. For example, your
data might include information such as each college student's date of birth, gender, or class
rank. Each of these pieces of information is a variable that describes each case (college student).
11. Graphs (If Any): Image/Soft copy of graph paper to be attached here

This is a typical layout for data, where rows are cases and columns are variables. (other data
structures are possible).

Learning outcomes (What I have learnt):

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Evaluation Grid (To be created as per the SOP and Assessment guidelines by the faculty):

Sr. No. Parameters Marks Obtained Maximum Marks

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