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IOT Assignment-2
IOT Assignment-2
Ipsit Nayak
1929217
KIIT UNIVERSITY
1. SMART LIGHTING
⚫ ABOUT:
Smart lighting is a system of lights, which holds energy-efficient LED drivers, advanced
control algorithms, lighting sensors, and communication interfaces to collaborate and
interconnect in a lighting network. At its core, a smart lighting system is being conceived
as a flexible lighting system to improve visual comfort, as well energy efficiency.
⚫ 10 IMPLEMENTATION STEPS:
Step 1: Purpose & Requirements Specification:
A home automation system that allows controlling of the lights in a home remotely using a
web application. The home automation system should have auto and manual modes. In auto
mode, the system measures the light level in the room and switches on the light when it gets
dark. In manual mode, the system provides the option of manually and remotely switching
on/off the light. The system should provide remote monitoring and control functions. The
system should perform a local analysis of the data. The application should be deployed
locallyon the device but should be accessible remotely.
Step 2: Process Specification:
The second step in the loT design methodology is to define the process specification.
In this step, the use cases of the loT system are formally described based on and derived
from the purpose and requirement specifications. The figure below shows the process
diagram for the home automation system. The process diagram shows the two modes of
the system - auto and manual. In a process diagram, the circle denotes the start of a
process, the diamond denotes a decision box and the rectangle denotes a state or
attribute.
When the auto mode is chosen, the system monitors the light level. If the light level is
low, the system changes the state of the light to "on". Whereas, if the light level is high, the
system changes the state of the light to "off". When the manual mode is chosen, the
system checks the light state set by the user. If the light state set by the user is "on", the
system changes the state of light to "on". Whereas. if the light state set by the user is
"off", the system changes the state of light to "off".
The system consists of a single node that allows controlling the lights and appliances in a
home remotely. The device used in this system interfaces with the lights and appliances using
electronic relay switches. The status information of each light or appliance is maintained in a
local database. REST services deployed locally allow retrieving and updating the state of
each light or appliance in the status database. The controller service continuously monitors
the state of each light or appliance (by retrieving the state from the database) and triggers the
relay switches accordingly. The application which is deployed locally has a user interface for
controlling the lights or appliances. Since the device is connected to the Internet, the
application can be accessed remotely as well.
used.
10 IMPLEMENTATION STEPS:
Step 1: Purpose & Requirements Specification:
Home Intrusion Detection allows to detect intrusion and raise alerts. For this purpose, we
need some sensors like the PIR sensor, door sensor, etc. The system should provide
remote monitoring and control. The system should provide a local analysis of the data. It
must be deployed locally on the device but should be accessible remotely.
Step 2: Process Specification:
Each room in the home has a PIR motion sensor and each door has a door sensor.
Thesesensors can detect the motion or opening of doors. Each sensor is read at regular
intervals and the motion detection or door opening events are stored and alerts are sent.
The operational view specifications for t h e home intrusion detection system are as
follows:Devices: The computing devices I am going to use are Raspberry Pi and Arduino.
And the sensors that I am going to use are the PIR motion sensor, Laser pointer, and light-
dependent resistor. Communication Protocols: Link layer 802.11, network layer-IPV4,
application layer MQTT. I have mentioned all these protocols in the above figure. Services:
Controller service that is hosted on my device runs as a native service.
Step 9: Device & Component Integration:
In this step, we have to integrate the devices and components. The devices and
componentsused in my home intrusion detection system are Raspberry Pi, Arduino, PIR
sensor, laser pointer, light-dependent resistor, web cam, and a buzzer. The schematic
diagram of my home intrusion detection system is as shown in the below figure:
3. SMARTPARKING
ABOUT:
Consists of the deployment of an IoT module that is used to monitor the availability of
each parking space. A mobile application is also provided that allows an end-user to
check theavailability of parking space and book a parking slot accordingly.
SENSORS AND COMPONENTS:
◆ Ultrasonic sensors - measure distance
by using ultrasonic waves in time
between the emission and reception.
Advantages: high accuracy of the
sensor. The disadvantages: the
probability of sensor contamination.
◆ Electromagnetic field sensor - is a
small-scale microelectromechanical
system device for detecting and
measuring magnetic fields. The
solution is based on the change of the
electromagnetic field as the metal
mechanisms approach one another.
◆ An infrared sensor - is an electronic
device that emits to sense some
aspect of its surroundings. An IR
sensor can measure the heat of an
object as well as to detect motion.An
IR sensor works in a similar way to
ultrasonic sensors.
10 IMPLEMENTATION STEPS:
Step 1: Purpose & Requirements Specification:
The purpose of a smart parking system is to detect the number of empty parking slots
and send the information over the Internet to smart parking application back-ends.
These applications can be accessed by drivers from smartphones, tablets, or in-car
navigation systems. In smart parking, sensors are used for each parking slot, to detect
whether the slot is empty or occupied. This information is aggregated by a local controller
and then sent over the Internet to a server.
Step 2: Process Specification:
Every parking place has to install an IoT hardware kit. So that the IoT device updates the
status of that particular slot that is vacant or parked in any car. The controller collects the
sensor data and uploads it to the server using API (application programming interface).
The API is created on a web server using PHP. The server receives the data using API
and stores it in a database. Whenever any user search for the parking places the web
application used thatdata to display the real result of the parking place.
10 IMPLEMENTATION STEPS:
Step 1: Purpose & Requirements Specification:
The main purpose of this system is to monitor and assess the conditions in case of
exceeding the prescribed level of parameters (e.g., noise, CO, and radiation levels).
The measured parameters can be stored in a built-in data logger or can be transmitted
to a remote location via a communication link. If the data is stored in a data logger,
recordeddata must be physically downloaded to a computer at a later time for further
processing.Step 2: Process Specification:
The process Specification shows that the sensors are read after fixed intervals and the
sensor measurements are stored.
The diagram below depicts the process of deriving the services from the process
specification and information model for a weather monitoring system.
Deriving services from process specification & information model for weather monitoring IoT
system
The specification of the controller service runs as a native service on the device and monitors
temperature, pressure, humidity, and light once every 15 seconds. The controller service calls
the REST service to store these measurements in the cloud.
Mapping deployment level to functional groups for the weather monitoring IoT System
Step 8: Operational View Specification:
Mapping functional groups to operational view for the weather monitoring IoT System
The devices & components used in the below diagram are Raspberry Pi mini-computer,
temperature and humidity sensor (DHT22), pressure and temperature sensor (BMP085),
and LDR sensor. An analog-to-digital (A/D) converter (MCP3008) is used for converting the
analog input from LDR to digital.
Schematic diagram of a weather monitoring end-node showing the device and sensors
Step 10: Application Development:
The final step is to develop the IoT application. A GPS device can also be added to the
design so that the location of the surrounding will also be mailed or messaged to the user
along with the surrounding parameters, like temperature, humidity,
pressure, light intensity, etc. The system can also be modified such that whenever a
message is sent from a particular phone number or email id to the server, all the
environmental parameters can be sent as notification or as a message to a mobile phone
oremail id. Also, this weather monitoring system can be used in smart city projects and
manyother automation projects.
5. WEATHERREPORTINGBOT
ABOUT:
Weather reporting BOT allows people to directly check the weather stats online without
the need for a weather forecasting agency. The system uses temperature, humidity as
well as rain sensor to monitor the weather and provide live reporting of the weather
statistics.The system constantly monitors temperature using a temperature sensor,
humidity using a humidity sensor, and also for rain. The system constantly transmits this
data to the microcontroller, which now processes this data and keeps on transmitting it to
the online web server over a wifi connection. This data is life updated to be viewed on the
online server system. Also, the system allows users to set alerts for particular instances,
the system provides alerts to users if the weather parameters cross those values. Thus
the IoT-basedweather reporting system provides an efficient internet-based weather
reporting system for users.
SENSORS AND COMPONENTS:
● DHT11 Digital Temperature Humidity Sensor
● Rain Drop Sensor
● ESP8266 Wifi Module
● LCD Display
● Crystal Oscillator
● Resistors
● Capacitors
● Transistors
● Cables and Connectors
● Diodes
● PCB and Breadboards
● LED
● Transformer/Adapter
● Push Buttons
● Switch
● IC
● IC Sockets
● Programming Language
10 IMPLEMENTATION STEPS:
1.The end-node is comprised of a Raspberry Pi mini-computer, temperature,
humidity, pressure, and light sensors.
2. Also sensors, a USB webcam is attached to the device.
3. Python code for the controller service that runs on the end-node.
4.The controller service obtains the temperature, humidity, pressure, and light
readingsfrom the sensors, every 30 minutes.
5. At the same time, an image is captured from the webcam attached to the device.
6. The sensor readings and the captured image is then sent as a tweet on Twitter.
7. To send tweets the controller service uses a Python library for Twitter called tweeps.
8. With sweeps, you can use the Twitter REST API to send tweets.
9. To use the Twitter API, you would need to set up a Twitter developer account and
then create a new application.
10.Upon creating the application you will get the API key, API secret, and access
tokens.These credentials and tokens are used in the controller service.
6. AIR POLLUTION MONITORING
ABOUT:
IoT-based air pollution monitoring systems can monitor the emission of harmful gases
by factories and automobiles using gaseous and meteorological sensors. The Air
Quality Monitoring System (AQMS) is a facility to measure wind speed, direction, other
weatherparameters, the concentration of air pollutants (such as SO2, NOx, CO, O3,
THC, etc.), and particulate matters continuously all year round.
SENSORS AND COMPONENTS:
The collected data can be analyzed to make informed decisions on pollutions control
approaches. It is monitor by gaseous and meteorological sensors.
10 IMPLEMENTATION STEPS:
Step 1: Purpose & Requirements Specification:
The starting point of air quality monitoring is to first study if an area has an air pollution
problem. Monitoring helps in assessing the level of pollution with the ambient airquality
standards. Standards are a regulatory measure to set the target for pollution reduction
and achieve clean air.
Step 2: Process Specification:
The process specification shows that the sensors are read after fixed intervals and the
sensor measurements are stored. The collected data can be analyzed to make informed
decisions on pollutions control approaches. A real-time air quality monitoring system is
presented that comprises several distributed monitoring stations that communicate via
wireless with a back-end server using machine-to-machine communication.
8. SMART IRRIGATION
ABOUT:
A smart watering system can be defined as the science of the artificial application of water
to thesoil depending on the soil moisture content. With the advent of open-source Arduino
boardsalong with the moisture sensor, it is viable to create devices that can monitor the soil
moisture content and accordingly irrigating the fields or the landscape when needed. The
proposed system makes use of microcontroller ATMEGA328P on Arduino Uno platform
andIOT which enables farmers to remotely monitor the status of water level in the soil by
knowing the sensor values thereby, making the farmers work much easier as they can
concentrate on other farm activities. Smart irrigation systems use IoT devices and soil
moisture sensors to determine the amount of moisture in the soil and release the flow of
water through the irrigation pipes only when the moisture levels go below a predefined
threshold. Data on the moisture levels are also collected in the cloud where it is analyzed to
plan watering schedules.
SENSORS AND COMPONENTS:
● GSM Modem, Soil moisture Sensor
● Water Sensor, Water Pump, Resistors, Transistors, Diodes, LED.
● Humidity Sensor, Mini Exhaust Fan, Crystal Oscillator
● Capacitors, Cables, and Connectors.
● PCB and Breadboards, Transformer/Adapter
● Switch, IC Sockets
10 IMPLEMENTATION STEPS:
1. IoT solutions are focused on helping farmers close the supply-demand gap,
byensuring high yields, profitability, and protection of the environment.
2. The system consists of multiple nodes placed in different locations for monitoring
soil moisture in a field
3. The end nodes send the data to the cloud and the data is stored in a cloud
database. A cloud-based application is used for visualizing the data
4. The end node includes a Raspberry Pi mini-computer and soil moisture sensor.
5. A solenoid valve is used to control the flow of water through the irrigation pipe. When
the moisture level goes below a threshold, the valve is opened to release water
6. Python code for the controller native service for the smart irrigation system is
implemented.
7. prototype monitors the amount of soil moisture. A predefined range of soil moisture
is set and can be varied with soil type or crop type. In case the moisture of the soil
deviates from the specified range, the watering system is turned on/off.
8. The water pump, gsm module, and the relay are coupled with the output pins.
Sensors are placed inside the soil; these sensors use two probes that sense the
moisture level in the soil. Moisture level readings are sent to the Arduino controller.
The soil sensor is analog, the analog signals are converted into digital form from an
inbuilt ADC present in the Arduino controller. Arduino now alerts the motor to
supply therequired amount of water to the soil.
9. This system integrates a GSM module with Arduino where the moisture
valuemeasured by the sensor and status of the pump(ON/OFF) is collected.
10. The farmer will be intimated about the current field condition and this information is
displayed on a web page along with the control buttons to turn on or turn off the
water pump remotely. So that the farmer can access the details about the condition
of the field anywhere, anytime.
9. IoT PRINTER
ABOUT:
For businesses that rely on managed print services, proactive maintenance and support
arethe norms. Even for companies that do not participate in a managed print program, the
IoT can facilitate device support. These days, smart printers and MFPs (multifunction
peripherals) are equipped with technology that enables the remote management of these
devices. Automated meter readings, automatic supplies replenishment, and remote
diagnostics provide businesses with extended uptimes and increased productivity levels.
Most enterprise-level devices can send automated alerts when service is necessary or
when consumables, such as ink, toner, or paper, need replenishment.
SENSORS AND COMPONENTS:
1.) Printer
2.) Sensors
3.) Cloud Connectivity
4.) Data Storing Devices
5.) Network/Protocol
10 IMPLEMENTATION STEPS:
1.) Setting up Printer
Set up the printer to print. Assuming any simple printer and we are going to
upgradeit to make it smart.
2.) Printer refining and upgrading
Refine and upgrade the printer to make it smart by doing some simple things.
3.) Replace both the Arduino Mega and RAMPS 1.4 board with an Arduino RAMBO
1.2G;
The first upgrading process is to replace Arduino Mega and RAMPS 1.4 board
with anArduino RAMBO 1.2G or any higher version.
4.) Make an application
To control or manage the device we need an application. Web
application or mobile, it can be anything
5.) Adjust the printer housing to add new components Adding new
components to printers and connecting with the cloud.
6.) Connect with cloud
Connecting it with the cloud to store and analyze the data.
7.) Connect the printer to Raspberry Pi 3B
The printer is connected to a Raspberry Pi 3B microprocessor through an Arduino
RAMBO 1.2G board. With Raspberry Pi, we can provide basic computing
functionalities. It can be used to interact with different hardware (i.e. drive a motor)
and software (i.e. web applications). Raspberry Pi 3B is used in this project due to
its better connectivity. It has Wi-Fi and Bluetooth embedded.
8.) Design and develop the IoT application
The IoT application is developed using Thingworx Composer 7. The Composer is an
integrated development environment (IDE) for the creation of ThingWorx
applications. Both the data modeling and user interface development aspects of
application development are performed using the Composer.
9.) System Testing
Testing the application.
10.) Completion