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Tedi Purnama
Politeknik Kesehatan Jakarta I, Indonesia, Jakarta
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Abstract
The dental health problems of preschool children are higher compared to primary schools, this is due to
children not being able to do independent activities in brushing their teeth. The teacher and parent mentoring
model is a model of learning to brush teeth in an effort to form the behavior of preschool brushing teeth with
a period of 10 days. Methods: This study is the Research and Development (R & D) and test the model using
experimental quasy pretest and posttest with control group design. Preschoolers research subjects were
divided into 2 groups: 1. Intervention model of mentoring teachers and parents brushing teeth 2. Model 21
days as the control. Data were tested using intraclass correlation coefficient tests, repeated measures anova,
friedman, t-test and mann whitney. Results: The application of the teacher and parent mentoring model
was equally effective with the 21-day brushing model for improved tooth-brushing skills (p> 0.304) and
equally effective for increasing plaque-free scores (p <0.788) compared to the control group. Conclusion:
The application of the teacher and parents mentoring model effectively as efforts to establish the behavior
of preschool children brushing teeth.
from the environment, namely the involvement of collection on the measurement of tooth brushing skills
members of the family and the school. Through the using an observation sheet to brush teeth and a plaque-
active participation of parents it will be better the child’s free score using a free plaque examination sheet for
behavior in brushing teeth. In addition teachers who can preschoolers scores. The statistical test at the expert
provide guidance brush after lunch to reduce the number validation stage uses the intraclass corelation coefficient
of plaques students.5, 7, 8 while the test phase is analyzed using repeated measure
anova/friedman test and independent t-test/mann
According to the theory of behavior change (Maher,
whitney test.
2014) states that a person is required to change the habit
of a constant period and conditioned for 21 days in Result
order to change the habit.9 as innovation researchers to
A. Information collection
model the formation of the behavior of brushing teeth
with a time of intervention 10 days through the approach The results of the information gathering concluded
of the teachers and parents in phases: first 2 days of that to shape the behavior of preschoolers in brushing
the formation of consciousness which aims to create their teeth, it is necessary to provide education on dental
knowledge, this phase teachers provide stimulus in the and oral health by providing education and practice of
form of counseling, simulation and practice brushing brushing their teeth through the assistance of parents
teeth consistently using a variety of instructional media and school teachers, who have previously been given
video brushing and parents accompany brushing teeth training by dental health workers.
at night before bed, 2 days arouse interest in the second
stage with the aim of having the ability to identify the B. Product/ Model Design
child; 2 days of the third stage of formation the ability to
The result data from information gathering is used
assess (evaluate) aimed at children have ability compare;
to design teacher and parent mentoring models as a
2 The fourth day is awaken the ability to practice (try)
model for the formation of tooth brushing behavior for
with the purpose of the child has the ability to practice.
preschool children.
Based on this background, researchers are interested
C. Validation Expert
to prove that the application of the model and the teacher
mentoring can shape the behavior of brushing teeth in 10 Table 1. Statistical test the validity of the expert
days, especially preschoolers.
Validity Expert *
Method
The method used in this research is the Research
n f (%) p-value
and Development (R & D) with quasy experiment (pre
and post-test with control group design). This study aims
to develop a learning model of oral health in preschool Relevant 10 100
children. The procedure of research and development 0,000
include the 5 main steps, as follows: 1) the collection
Irrelevant 0 0
of information, 2) design of products/ models, 3) expert
validation and revision, 4) testing products/ models, and * Correlation coefficient intraclass
5) the product.
The results of the validity of the experts pointed out
The sample used in this study amounted to 123 that the p-value = 0.000, which means mentoring models
people divided into 2 groups: Sample I: the sample for relevant teachers and parents as a model of dental health
the information gathering stage with purposive sampling education in preschool children.
amounted to 9 people. Sample II: sample for model
testing of teachers and parents with purposive sampling,
6 teachers, 54 parents and 54 preschool children. Data
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, October-December 2020, Vol. 14, No. 4 3513
D. Trial Product / Model
Table 2. Test the data pairs in the intervention group and the control group
Table 2 shows the results of the effectiveness of paired data on tooth brushing skills and plaque-free scores
showed the p-value of the intervention and control group was 0.000 (p <0.05), meaning that the 10-day brushing
model was accompanied by teachers and parents and the 21-day brushing model was equally effective Improve teeth
brushing skills and plaque-free scores for preschoolers.
Table 3. Test data is unpaired intervention group and the control group
Pre-test
Post-test2
0.304 0.788
Pre-test
Post-test2
Table 3 shows the results of the effectiveness of unpaired data on tooth brushing skills and plaque-free scores
between the intervention group and the control group showed a p-value (p> 0.05), meaning that the model of
assisting brushing teeth by teachers and parents 10 days and brushing models 21 days the same- is equally effective
at improving preschool brushing skills and plaque-free scores.
3514 Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, October-December 2020, Vol. 14, No. 4
The validation process is essential expert in the The results of the paired variable data effectiveness
development of products / models in order to produce test showed that the intervention group’s p-value was
a product / model useful in improving the quality of 0,000 (p <0.05) meaning that the teacher and parent
education.10 Based on the characteristics of preschool mentoring model was effective in improving the teeth
children have not been able to do their own hygiene brushing skills of preschool children. Teeth brushing
activities including brushing their teeth so they still need skills in the intervention group increased because
help from others both teachers and parents. Teachers and intervention was provided with simulations using pillow
parents have a role in their dental health maintenance book and puzzle media, demonstration methods using
behaviors, besides that they play an important role phantom and brushing practice methods. Using multiple
in a child’s learning process such as learning to brush methods can improve a child’s ability to brush his teeth
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, October-December 2020, Vol. 14, No. 4 3515
according to the objective indicators that researchers set. model facilities found in the intervention group, each
This is in line with research by Ruhaena (2015) using child has a toothbrush and toothpaste as well as a storage
various methods to improve the skills of preschoolers.13 mouth rinse for personal storage so that children find it
In addition to using various methods, the implementation easier to collect and store toothbrushes without the help
of the model also uses learning media so that children of others. Facility support is one of the successes of the
are directly involved in the use of media such as pillow dental health program at school. Hayat Research (2013)
books and puzzles and it is possible for many senses to factors that influence the success of UKGS are health
play a role. service facilities.15
The more the five senses that are used will facilitate Conclusion
understanding of the material, someone who has an
The results showed that the teacher and parent
understanding of a concept, that person will easily do
mentoring model had been shown to be effective in
the practice. The practice of brushing teeth for 10 days
increasing the teeth-brushing skills of preschool children.
consistently brushing their teeth in the morning after
rest accompanied by the teacher and the night before Ethical Clearance: This research was approved by
going to bed with the assistance of parents has brought the Health Research Ethics Commission of the Faculty
significant changes to the intervention group. of Dentistry of Sultan Agung Islamic University,
Semarang, Indonesia under number 048/B.1-KEPK/
According to the theory of behavior change revealed
SA-FKG/ III/ 2019. We explained the objectives to the
to change a person’s habits, it requires a constant period.9
participants and received their written.
The success of this model is also seen an increase
Source Funding: This study was done by self-
in plaque-free score preschoolers. The test results
funding from the authors.
showed that the effectiveness of the data pairs p-value
intervention group was 0.000 (p <0.05) means that the Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that they
model mentoring teachers and parents to parents and have no conflict interests.
teachers free of plaque effectively improve the scores
of children. Score plaque free preschool children References
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3516 Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, October-December 2020, Vol. 14, No. 4