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    Lesson 4:: Legal Basis of Fingerprint Evidence Dactyloscopy and Other Allied Sciences

    Uploaded by

    Apple Asne

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 27

    LESSON 4:

    LEGAL BASIS OF FINGERPRINT EVIDENCE

    DACTYLOSCOPY AND OTHER ALLIED SCIENCES

    OTHER SCIENTIFIC MEANS OF PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION


    01
    LEGAL BASIS OF
    FINGERPRINT
    EVIDENCE
    PEOPLE VS. JENNINGS
    Pass upon the admissibility
    of fingerprint evidence
    Case Digest
    RULE:
    The law governing sufficiency-of-the-evidence challenges applies both to convictions and
    special circumstance findings. In reviewing a claim for sufficiency of the evidence, an
    appellate court must determine whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable
    to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the
    crime or special circumstance beyond a reasonable doubt. The appellate court reviews the
    entire record in the light most favorable to the judgment below to determine whether it
    discloses sufficient evidence - that is, evidence that is reasonable, credible, and of solid value
    - supporting the decision, and not whether the evidence proves guilt beyond a reasonable
    doubt. The appellate court neither reweighs the evidence nor reevaluates the credibility of
    witnesses. The appellate court presumes in support of the judgment the existence of every
    fact the jury reasonably could deduce from the evidence. If the circumstances reasonably
    justify the findings made by the trier of fact, reversal of the judgment is not warranted simply
    because the circumstances might also reasonably be reconciled with a contrary finding.
    Case Digest
    FACTS:
    A San Bernardino County jury found defendant Martin Carl Jennings
    guilty of the first degree murder of his five-year-old son, Arthur
    Jennings. The jury further found true the special circumstance that the
    murder was intentional and involved the infliction of torture, but found
    not true the special circumstance that defendant intentionally killed
    Arthur by the administration of poison. Following the penalty phase of
    the trial, the jury returned a verdict of death. After denying Jennings’
    motion for a new trial and his application for modification of
    the judgment, the trial court sentenced Jennings to death. This appeal
    is automatic.
    Case Digest
    ISSUE:
    Was there sufficient evidence to support the jury's finding that
    Jennings was guilty of first-degree murder on each of the three
    theories advanced by the prosecution - murder by poison, murder by
    torture, and premeditated murder?

    ANSWER:
    Yes.
    ● STATE vs. CERCIELLO
    - Fingerprint evidence was permitted
    to be introduced.

    ● STATE vs. CONNERS


    - It was held competent to show by a
    photograph the fingerprints upon a
    balcony post of a house entered,
    without producing that post in
    court

    ● PEOPLE vs. CORRAL (California)


    -
    It is completeley seettled law that
    fingerprint are strongest evidence of
    the identity of a person. It was
    reserted in another California case,
    People vs. Riser-fingerprint evidence
    is the strongerst evidence of identity
    and is ordinarily sufficient aid to
    identify the defendant.
    ● BALINGAWA vs. AMAD0R (Phil)

    - A fingerprint expert and


    constabulary segeant testified
    and succesfully defended
    fingerprint evidence based on
    eight identical ridge points .

    ● PEOPLE vs. MEDINA


    - The first leading judicial decision
    in the Phil. Jurisprudence on the
    science of fingerprinting.
    02
    DACTYLOSCOPY
    WHAT DO WE MEAN BY ETIMOLOGY
    DACTYLOSCOPY The word “DACTYLOSCOPY” was
    ? believed to be derived from 2
    Greek words:

    DACTYL
    A finger

    SKOPEIN
    To examine
    DACTYLOMANCY DERMATOGLYPHICS
    DACTYLOGRAPHY
    The study of An attempt at Are lines, tracing
    fingerprints for character reading and designs on the
    the purpose of through the skin of fingers,
    identification. pattern of plams and soles.
    fingerprints

    A hand having more than the required numbers


    of fingers

    POLYDACTYL
    Other Allied Sciences of
    Dactyloscopy

    CHIROSCOPY
    POROSCOPY
    PODOSCOPY
    CHIROSCOPY
    The scientific examination
    of the palm of the hand

    Chier Palm/hand

    Skopein To examine
    PODOSCOPY
    The scientific examination
    of the sole of the foot

    Podo Sole/foot

    Skopein To examine
    POROSCOPY
    The scientific examination
    of sweat pores/glands

    Poros A pore

    Skopein To examine
    03
    Other Scientific
    Means of Personal
    Identification
    HANDPRINTS
    Just like
    fingerprints, handprints
    have their own unique
    ridges. The ridges
    continue down to the palm
    and can be also used for
    identification.
    FOOTPRINTS
    Shoeprints can be lifted or
    developed in order to compare worn
    edges or differences in the bottom
    of the shoe. The way a person walks
    causes the shoe to be worn in a
    certain pattern and there will be
    breaks or small cracks. Feet also
    have unique prints like finger that
    can be used to identify with a
    suspect print. When dealing with
    shoeprints of footprints, there is a
    larger surface so the
    characteristics are spread out and
    harder to mistake so fewer points of
    comparison are needed for a positive
    identification than fingerprints.
    RETINA
    ●RETINAL
    PATTERNS
    SCAN works in the
    principle of retina pattern
    uniqueness.

    ●It uses a low-intensity infrared


    light that is projected through
    to the back of the eye onto the
    retina.
    BERTILLON
    SYSTEM
    This method was
    developed by Alphonse Bertillon, a
    French anthropologist which
    emphasized the measurement of the
    body as a means of identification.
    The theory states that “if a man
    reaches the age of twenty years
    old, he already has developed a
    permanent body structure thus it
    will enable the investigator to
    measure fully the body and put it
    in record.”
    ODONTOLOGY This system measures
    the teeth structure as means of
    identification. Investigators
    usually resorts to this
    identification system in cases
    where a skull or skeletal remains
    are found and no other means of
    identification can be established.
    Forensic Dentistry/ Orthodontology
    Forensic Odontology A branch of dentistry
    The proper handling, that deals with
    examination and evaluation of diagnosis, treatment
    dental evidence, which will be and prevention of
    then presented in the interest dentofacial
    of justice. anomalies.
    BITE MARKS
    The other type of evidence is that
    bite marks, left on either the
    victim, the perpetrator, or on an
    object found at the crime scene.
    Bite marks are often found on
    children who are abused.

    ●Each thirty-two teeth in humans is


    unique due to age and wear.

    ●Eighty percent of the time teeth


    impressions are used to identify
    unknown victims.
    Hair
    Examination
    Hair examination is
    one of the oldest forms of
    physical evidence. It is used to
    determine the ff.;

    ●If suspected hair originates


    from human or animal

    ●If human,what oart of the body


    did it come from?
    Blood
    Examination
    spilled in
    Blood is usually
    most crimes
    involving violence and it may
    be shed by the criminal while
    committing other crimes. It is
    the best specimen for testing
    for alcohol in sobriety
    examinations. It is also used
    to investigate disputed
    paternity cases.
    DNA
    Fingerprinting
    DNA Fingerprinting, method of
    identification that compares
    fragments of Deoxyribonucleic
    Acid (DNA). It is sometimes
    called DNA Typing.

    ●DNA is the genetic material


    found within the cell nuclei of
    all living things.

    ●DNA Fingerprinting is
    constructed by first extracting
    a DNA sample from body tissue
    or fluid such as blood or
    saliva.
    ●DNA
    DNA
    Fingerprinting
    fingerprinting was
    developed as an identification
    technique, in 1985. Originally
    used to detect the presence of
    genetic diseases.

    ●The first criminal conviction


    based on DNA evidence in the
    United States occurred in 1988.

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