Chapter 2 Print
Chapter 2 Print
Foreign Literature
In an outdoor setting, information can be shown through labels and signs like
those seen in parks and museums. It can be a way of learning through observation and
reading. In Taiwan, QR codes are used for the implementation of mobile learning in
outdoor education.3 They basically put QR codes in a certain area where in when
scanned, it can give out information about the area, making it more accessible to tourists
and to locals that are curious.
Local Literature
Technologies are developed in this new generation which people are mostly using
in terms of many different activities. It may be school related content, in works or other
uses which can help us to solve complex problem and turn into easiest way. As we are
using technology, we are deeper exploring the use of technology and as we explore,
applications are introduced in each of one of us which enhances and improves our
educational attainment.
If we apply technology as part in education, we can see that there is a great impact
among students, not only to students but also to other people who are using technology in
their daily life activities. Technology may be very helpful in terms in educational
purposes because it enhances our skills, our knowledge and makes us advanced with the
help of technology to us. Education is very important to us and no one can take that
away, if we put or apply technologies we are learning more and deeper our learning
skills.
Local Studies
Foreign Studies
As what Podlasy said, technology is between the goal and the result, and learning
technology is associated with the integrated method, forms, patterns, and resources to
reach goals. According to UNESCO, learning technology is a systematic method to
create, apply and determine the entire educational process and knowledge acquisition
taking into account technical and human resources and their interaction. 13 Therefore, it's
clear from these statements that teachers practice learning technology when using certain
strategies, techniques, and tools to assist or help students to understand the materials of
the course.
A study by Biagi and Loi (2013), using data from the 2009 Program for
International Student Assessment (PISA) and information on how learners used digital
technology at school and at home (both for school work and for entertainment), assessed
the relationship between the intensity with which learners used digital tools and resources
and literacy scores. They examined uses for: gaming activities (playing individual or
collective online games), collaboration and communication activities (such as linking
with others in on-line chat or discussion forums), information management and technical
operations (such as searching for and downloading information) and creating content,
knowledge and problem solving activities (such as using computers to do homework or
running simulations at school). These were then compared to country specific test scores
in reading. The authors found a positive and significant relationship between gaming
activity and language attainment in 11 of the 23 countries studied. For the other
measures, where relationships existed and were significant, they tended to be negative.14
The related studies focused on how a technology can be a big help in improving
teachers’ performance and students’ academic life. The studies discussed the
implementation of Information Communication Technology (ICT) and its benefits,
convenience and factors to teachers and students. The studies discussed the effects of
Information Communication Technology (ICT). Possibly the greatest effect of ICT on
individuals is the huge increase in access to information and services that has
accompanied the growth of the Internet. Some of the positive aspects of this increased
access are better, and often cheaper, communications, such as VoIP phone and Instant
Messaging.15 In addition, the use of ICT to access information has brought new
opportunities for leisure and entertainment, the facility to make contacts and form
relationships with people around the world, and the ability to obtain goods and services
from a wider range of suppliers. The related studies also discussed how learners used
digital technology at school and at home (both for school work and for entertainment).
The importance of technology in education is very massive that it can either bring
negative or positive effects on teachers and learners. The development of an application
that can enhance skills and give information is needed to our modernize world.
The present study is only held to the students and teachers of St. Louise de
Marillac College of Sorsogon wherein the present study is situated. With a careful review
of the related literature and studies done by the researchers, some foreign studies were
observed focusing on the improvement and development of teaching and learning with
the involvement of the technology as well as the local studies that was implementing
Information Communication and Technology (ICT) based on the K-12 curriculum means
that local universities and schools are now able to learn the technology in its broadest
way of learning about it and within the use of it. The present study mainly focuses for the
developing of an application for students and teachers of the school with contents that is
related to school such as important information and schedules and is aiming to have a
hassle – free and easier way of getting information from school through the invented
application, also to have knowledge on making an application even in mobile phones.
Theoretical Framework
This part of the research will present the theories of the Colegio+. The theories
from the related literatures will serve as a root on producing their own theory will support
their study.
The second theory is “Cognitive Flexibility” by Spiro, he defines that the ability
to spontaneously restructure one’s knowledge, in many ways, in adaptive response to
radically changing situational demands and to facilitate the transfer of knowledge and
skills to a new learning situations.16
The last theory is the “Social Network Analysis” created by Scott and Prell. This
theory looks at how people relate to each other across their social network. The Social
Network Analysis is based on the network theory (from computers science) which
explains that certain behaviors can be better understood by diagramming or mapping how
people or groups share information.18
Theoretical Paradigm
Multiple Intelligences
Cognitive
Social Network Flexibility
AnalysisSos
Researcher’s Theory
-States how
-States how learners must be
-Humans learn solely on engagement
people relate to with connections. They have different given an
each other across ways of processing information.
opportunity to
their social develop in order
network. to properly learn.
Connectivism
Theoretical Paradigm
Figure 1.0
Conceptual Framework
In this era of great innovations, gadgets are widely used by people. It became a
part of our daily lives since it helps us in different ways especially on the things that we
do be every day. Mobile applications can be used for academics and personal use. With
the help of technologies, it makes mostly everything easier. The conceptual paradigm
presented shows the inputs, process, output, and outcome of the study. This study was
undertaken through the collection, organization, presentation, analysis, and interpretation
of gathered data of facts and ideas which were essential in the pursuit of this study.
The input shows that the researchers aim to help the school to get feedbacks about
the mobile application developed by the researchers. The input will present all the
necessary information for this research.
By the use of survey questionnaires, the data needed will be gathered and
organized. The data will be also be tallied and to be analyzed and interpreted. The output
of this study is the development of an application in school related contents for students
and teachers.
The outcome of this study is having a mobile application that will help both
teachers and student in gathering information from school in a more convenient way.
Also, it can be the part of the researcher’s to show a glimpse on what the future of
education can be in to the upcoming years, especially because technologies are getting
more close to our daily lives.
Conceptual Paradigm
-Survey
misinformation application
-The application
organize the
student’s
academic life.
Conceptual Paradigm
Figure 2.0
Notes
1.)https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep4101_3
2.)https://www.learntechlib.org/p/24421/
3.)https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2012.01343.x
4.)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.07.145
5.)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2011.01.034
6) http://www.ijlter.org/index.php/ijlter/article/view/1144
7.)https://www.google.com/amp/s/amp.rappler.com/brandrap/techand-innovation/
126587-education-internet-sustainable-ph
8)https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/iztudent/effects-of-technological-device-to-students
9.)http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?
doi=10.1.1.600.1191&rep=rep1&type=pdf
10.) http://linc.mit.edu/linc2013/proceedings/Session7/Session7Bonifacio.pdf
11.))http://paddlehttp://paddle.usp.ac.fj/cgi-bin/paddle?e=d-010off-paddle--00-1--0---0-
10-TX--8-------0-11l--11-en-Zz-1---10-help---10-3-1-000--0-0-11-0utfZz-8-
00&a=file&d=unesco047#page=78.usp.ac.fj/cgi-bin/paddle?e=d-010off-paddle--00-1--
0---0-10-TX--8-------0-11l--11-en-Zz-1---10-help---10-3-1-000--0-0-11-0utfZz-8-
00&a=file&d=unesco047#page=78
12.) https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in>bitstream>08_chapter_2.pdf
13.)https://www.academia.edu/35178120/
THE_IMPACT_OF_GADGETS_IN_LEARNING_AMONG_GRADE_11_STUDENTS
14.)gov.scot/publications/literature-review-impact-digital-technology-learning-teaching/
pages/4/
15.) http://www.bsik-bricks.nl/projects/afm4.shtml_
16.)https://web.cortland.edu/andersmd/learning/Ml%20Theory.htm
17.)https://www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/cognitive-flexibility/
18.)https://www.learning-theories.com/connectivism-siemens-downes.html
19.)https://www.learning-theories.com/social-network-analysis-scott-prell.html