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LifeofMahavira 10024951
LifeofMahavira 10024951
( )
1 T HE M A N A GER ,
T HE J mu Gu m s,
A llah aba d .
Li ves of great men all remin d us
Footp ri n ts on th e san d s of ti me .
mm m m
m
fit
m
z
!
W ‘
mm
ifi ’
z n
C O NT E N T S .
P re face
I ntrod uction
I ntrod uctory re marks , an d th e histo ricit y of M ahav ira
Source s of i n for mtio mythologi l
a n, ca storie s
Se ve re pe n a n ce for twe l ye a
ve rs
A ttai n me n t of N irva n a
H is ch aracte r —te a ch in gs
A ppen d ix
P REFA CE .
“
N ation s like i n di v id u als deriv e stre n gth an d
, ,
g reat n e ss an d o
,
u g h t to be perpet u ator s o f th eir
glory It i s of momen tou s i mportan ce th at a n ation
.
—
th at of an y oth er n ation In dia Ci v ilized A n cien t
.
”
Past In dia h as displayed greatn e ss in ev ery li n e ‘
, .
PRE FAC E .
h as tru ly said
M ak ers of I n d i a were th ey, an d h u n d red s more , an d
A n d , d eparti ng , leav e b eh in d us
Footprin ts on th e san d s of ti me .
”
ki n d an d th ey learn at n o oth er
,
Sh ake speare .
( C e ylo n )
, u n der th e i r h eroic ki n g R am a C h an dra .
—
Bu t i n A n cie n t I n dia i n an cie n t religiou s In dia
g r e atn e s s did n o t li e i n th e per for m a n ce o f great
dee d s b u tin p ossessi n g a greatm
, i n d an d Mah av ira s
,
’
-
’
in su b du i n g o n e s own passion s He wh o h as
.
,
h im Th is book i s th e ou tcom
. e of th e readi n g of all
PRE FA C E
an d n ot of k i n d T h e on ly di ffere n ce of ki n d
.
,
A n oi .
, i
or Ya sh ov ati O n th e oth er h a n d th e Digam
. b ara ,
I t is n ot my in te n tio n to e n te r i n to an y di sc u ssio n in
th i s book con cern i n g th e se poi n ts an d h e n ce I ,
am o n gst u s wh o th i n k th at n o criticism o u gh t to b e
,
of it .
g a m b ar as c an n ot h av e b e e n t h e a uth or o f K alp a
I h a ve c ons u lte d on ly l
th e tran s ati on of t i s wor h k by
fessor Jac obi i
P ro n k
th e Sac re d B oo s of th e East, for w i c h h I
am
m
v e ry m
m
uc h i n d e b te d to h i m
m
.
w w
m m mw fi fi
r -
a fi fi ll firsfiffie wfi l
PRE FA C E .
A mo g th e Digambaras
n th e
Pu ran a i s M ah av ira
more kn o wn th an an y oth er biograph y of Mah av ira .
f J fi h
P ro e ssor acob i n d s t atth e b i o ra of g p hy M h
a av i ra i v e n g
K lp
i n th e a a su tras i s on
-
ly
an a d optati on ro t at i v e n i n th ef mh g
h h m h l
A ch aran g a Su tra w i c i s u c o d e r t an th e or e r wor h f m k .
P RE FAC E .
I h av e also to ofl e r my h earty th an ks to Mr .
J gm
a a n d ar Lall J ai n i M A fo
,
r h.i s.h av
, i n g s u b scri b
ed an i n trodu ction at my req u e st an d h av i n g
made certain correction s i n th e book I am also .
i n p ress
.
M C JA IN I
. . .
IN DO RE ,
1 2 th September ,
1 907 .
I N TRO D U C T I ON .
—
to e astab li sh h i s gre atn e ss a su p e rflu ou s task n or ,
,
may make ou r l iv es su blime T h e .
’
O n e gre at le sso n of J ai n i sm sh ou ld n ev er b e
forgotte n th at we are wh at we h av e made u s an d
,
th at ou r fu tu re i s to be made by u s n ow Th is ,
.
I N TRO D U C T I O N .
sh o ws u s t h e li n e of su cce ss i n th e p rese n t We .
, .
l . .
,
v acan cy an d t ,
he mi n d i s b u s ily sc h e mi n g th e n e xt
i n v e stme n t of you r t h ou san d s i n Bomb ay cotton or
C alc u tta sil v er ) .
an d i g n ora n ce flood e d i n th e
-
. i mmediate past A n .
idea i s th e fau lt is i n u s
,
.
an d u ltimate r u i n a n d th at c h an ge i s an e ssen ti al
,
of ou r an gularitie s th at we m ay be ap t to co n sider
,
p ortan t i s th at th ey h av e be e n gi v en v ery fe w i f ,
an y ch an ce s of c ul ti v a ti n g th e ir m
,
i n d s an d bodie s .
o ga i se d b y th e So the
r n M ah a tta J i na Sabha und r th e
u rn r a , e
g u i d a ce o
nf M A B L atth
r. e . . .
xv iii I N TRO D U CT I ON .
lo d d o er a d o v er agai n a d I sh a ll o n ly ad d
p e v n n ,
CH A PT ER I .
of M ah av ira .
,
an s li fe at ,
fix ou r id e a] u pon on e of th e m
”
T h e Holy bo oks .
all wh o go by t
,
h e n am e of th e T irth an karas or th e
A rh atas an d i n th i s book an atte m pt h as bee n made
to famili ari se th e reader with an accou n t of th e
word ly care e r of Lord M ah av ira th e last of th e m ,
.
T h e n ob le appellatio n A rh at i s applied to a so u l
, , ,
, ,
A rh atas .
, ,
p aren ts h ad i n creased ’
Nor are we by an y
.
N ig an th as or J ai n a mo n k s an d a riv al of B u dd h a
”
, .
g i v e n belo w as ty p ical o f th e re s t .
-
.
,
forsooth i n th e co n ti n e n t of J am
,
b u d v ipa i n Bh a ,
dala .
See P re face .
n am
,
reaso n th at h e sh ou ld be e n titled to t
, h e p atron age
of h e r re latio n s .T h is story coul d all th e more
easily h av e gai n ed crede n ce as Mah av ira s paren ts ’
m a n i a n d a K sh a tri y an i a nd
, to say th at M ah av ira
9
th u s Bh ad rab ah u i
th e au t h or of th e K alpa
,
i i
o f B ri h at sam
— h i ta were li v i n g togeth er i n th e co u rt
,
Se e P re face .
10
T irth an kara .
g i ou s preac h e r .
3 . A h an d so me , h a n d so mely
ape d pl ayfu l sh ,
lio n j u m
,
pi n g fromth e sky to wards h e r face T h i s .
7
. T h e cow milk wh ite fu l l m
-
oo n th e lov er of
-
be a h appy on e .
Kev ali n .
c on v en ed by t h e ki n g on th i s occasion a n d le arn e d
,
p o ss ible i n,
th e life o f eac h i n di v id u al
.
C H A PT E R III
.
Fa mily relatio
— ns — b irth .
Siddh arth a ,
th e fath er of M ah av ira , al so k n o wn
as Sre yamsa J asamsa i n th e Sh v e tamb ara
an d
hi m a Harib an si an d e ve n a N ath b an si A s to .
, , T he .
v ir tu o u s i n d u strio u s
, an d a po werfu l ki n g M ore
,
.
to th at of C he tak a .
eems to be u n de n iable th at M ah a
A n yh o w t h i s s
As to th e
birth place of M ah av ira it is prob able ,
.
,
, .
, . .
17
“
The se sti ll e xist as v i llage s u n d e r th e n ame s of Ba i ya n
X VI N O ] . II , of th e A rchcelog .
—Hoe rn le .
2
( 18 )
as dau gh ter of C h e t ak a th e ki n g of Si d d h ad e sh a
, .
up m an of th irty two -
T h e M ah av ira P u ran a say s
.
p lace i n t h .
p erfor m ed ,
an d pri son e rs were liberated It
. i s in
Mah a v i ra
’
l ife may b e d i v id e d in to th re e pe riod s
s .
Dh y an a a n d se v e re bo d i ly mortification of wh ic h
, ,
th e m aste r of th e tr u t h a Ke val in
,
In th e t h ird
.
Sam y a
-
k ch ari tr a H
. i s birt h a nd Nir va n a bei ng
e arly epoc h s of h
t e li v e s o f g r ea t m e n Co m m on .
ligh t u po n th e ki n d of li fe th at h e led d u ri n g th e se
—
t h irty years T h e A ch aran g a su tra an ot h er Sh ve
.
,
, , ,
an d n ot i n th e spirit u al st u dy of h i s Sel f an d th u s
an d m artial exerci se s .
He d to go to th e roy al g ar d e n s of h is fath e r
u se
ru n s th u s
O n e day , wh i le
playi n g wi th h is frie n d s i n th e
garde n of h is fath e r Mah av ira saw an e leph an t , ,
att e n d an ts e d to p t q e sti o s to h e
us uon ll s bj e cts i
u n th e r a u n
fo mof id d le
r r d th e q e e
s , an se d to a s we
u th e m Is i t for
n u n r .
ki nd s of kn owl e d g e
( 25 ;
-
we n t n ear the elep h an t cau gh t h old of h i s t ru n k
,
lity .
of a ma n s li fe C u rio u s e n o u gh to re mark th at bo th
’
.
age T h e Diga m
. b ara S h astras say th at fromh is
26
’
th e a va d h i or th ree of th e five kin ds of k n ow
'
gyan
ledge .
i n t u i tio n Th u s we se e th at bo th th e au th oriti e s
.
’
th e mi nd .
n ot m u c h d iffe re n ce i n th e de scri p t io n of th e se as
gi v e n by th e two se cts T h e facts di ffer a little
.
,
b u t th e ki n d of li fe th at h e le d i s th e sa me i n both .
Ho we v er wh e n we co me to h i s yo u th w
, e fin d th at ,
pa re n ts an d th e relation s of th i s p ri nce ss Th ey .
I I
Su parsv a Si d d ha tha
r T ri sala or Kotaka Su b h ad ra .
V i d e h ad atta Ki n g of V aisali .
r Ki ng of
Y ash od a . M ag ad h a .
I
m to
A D O JJa
.
J mali
.
a
K un ik a or Aj atasatru .
Se sh av ati . Ud ay i n , fou nd e r of
P atali pu tra .
A s to h i s h a v i ng an u n cle
e lder b roth e r an d a
,
an ,
si ster t,
h e Diga m baras d o n ot ad mit it A s to h i s .
R e n ou nc i n g the —
wo rld Di str ib u tio n of we alth
San y as cere mo n y — K e sh aloch an a —Resolu tio n .
W e h av e n o t e sti mo n y to sh o w wh eth er or n ot h e
was broodin g u po n h is e arly idea of re n ou n ci n g th e
wo rld all alo n g . A ccord in g to th e Diga m b ara
A c h a ryas it was i n h is th i rti e th yea r th at on e d ay ,
ma a Pri ce
n ,
n are still a you n g man y ou h av e
, y ou
n e v er b e e n expo se d e v e n to t h e ligh t of th e su n ;
h ow wi ll y o u bear th e scorc h i n g ray s of th e su n
Yo u r de lic at e b ody an d mi ld limbs wil l n ot bear
th e h ard sh ip s of strict Digam bara Diksha y ou mu st ,
B u t M ah av i ra wo u ld n ot n ow be kep t b ack an d
exp lai n e d to his mother th at th e world i s like
an i ll u sio n i n wh ic h we sh o rt sig h ted m ortals se e
t h i n gs di ffe re n t fro mwh at t hey are He told h e r .
sh o u ld leav e th e R ag a a n d be co m e a S a n y as i so t h at
h i s moth er t h o u g h with so m
, e re lu cta n ce ga ve h e r ,
th irtieth year .
Vira said h e,
th e deat h s of ou r pare n t s are
,
can carry ,
an d be in g fo llo wed on h is way by a
tra i n of all ki n d s of me n ra isi n g a s ho u t of v ictory
as th e P an d u s h i la or th e five d ai se s p laced on e o v er
th e s ta te of h o u sel e ss n e ss He t h e n re n o u n ced
.
or th e attac h m
if
th e t we n ty fou r P a ri g ra h as
-
e n ts an d
1 . K s h e tra attach m e n t to l an d
2 . Va stu house s
D ha n a
.
3 wea l th
Dhan ya
.
.
1
1 °
corn .
0 . Dv rpad a se rv a n ts .
6 . C h atu spad a do me sti c an i mals
h y A san be d s and
.
7 . S a an an d s e ats .
8 . Y an a v e h i cle s
Ku ppa
.
9 .
c l othe s
B hand a pots
.
10 .
.
33
c o n d u ct of J a i n a N i rg ra n th a Mu n i Th e n follo we d .
a v e ry b old an d a t ry i n g cere m o n y k n o wn as th e
K e s h aloc h a n a ce re m o n y wh ich as i s th e c u stom , ,
re q u i ri e s a m a n wh o w i sh e s to e n t er th e spi ri tu al
order of th e J a i n a M u n is to p lu ck ou t wit h h is,
ce ss i s n ot of c u tti n g or sh av i n g th e h a ir of th e
h ea d as i s th e c u sto mw ith th e Hi n d u San yasi s b u t ,
Stri v e d a n a wi s n
hav i ng l i ke wome n
n
a wi s h i n w om
.
2 P ur us h av e d a e n of
be hav i g l ike me n
.
n .
3 . y
B as a la gh i g
u n .
4 . R ati In st
p
.
5 . A rati
j
re u d i ce s .
6 . h k
S o a s o rro w .
7 . h y
B a a fe ar.
8 . J ng u psfi bl y
d e i it .
9 . K rod h a a gen r.
10 . M i na se lf p ai s
-
r e
y
.
11 . Ma a d e ce i t .
12 . L ob h a avari ce .
13 . R g fia p as s i on s .
14 . Dv e s h a j e alou sy .
The se are !
T h e fiv e M ah avratas or g reat v ows
A h i nsa of n ot k i i n
g ll .
2 Sat a y tru t h
mm
. .
3 A ch au rya n ot co i tti n g t he ft
m
-
.
.
a n d o n ly th ose c a n do it wh o h av e n o lo v e wit h
tomi s a tri al of a m
’
an s co u rag e a n d fo rt it u de a n d ,
T h fi
e S m
ve i ti o d oi g th i g c e f lly
a s r n n s ar u
6 .I y r a w alk i g c a e ful ly n r .
7 .Bh s a a p ki g S ea n
8 A h s a an ti g ea n
mo i g thi gs ca e f lly
.
9 Ad N k s h e pa a
an a 1 n re v n n r u
p fo mi g th e O p e ati ons
. .
10 P ti sh th pa a
ra a n er r n r
mf e qu e te d
.
of at e i n ur n i r n
p l ac s e
I d iy D m
.
T he fi ve n r a as o c o t ol
a a n r n r s
11 .Sp h a rs a c o t ol ov e th e p ass i ons n r r .
12 .R a sa u a ton gu e .
13 .Gh ra n a n ose .
14 .C h k sh a u e ye s .
15 .Sh ot r ra e a rs .
T h e i x d a i ly d ti e s
s u
16 S m atfi
a un ive al b oth e rh ood rs r
re pe titi on of th e m
. .
17 .St a a av n e ri ts of th e
Ti th nk s r a ara
p yi g th e fiv e P arame sh th is
.
18 Va d a a n n ra n
P ratik am
.
re p e ti g of th e si ns
.
19 . an a r n n .
20 .S ad h y y a
v a re a di g n .
21 .K y otsa g a
a yoga
r .
22 .V st a tyaga
a r ab a d o i n g th e c l oth e s n n .
23 .K ac h l o c h -
n th owi g off th e h ai r r n .
25 .A ik b h uk ta e ati n g on ce a d a y .
28 .Not to cle an se te e th .
27 .T o e at s ta d i n g n .
28 .N ot to b athe .
( 35 )
He tore ou t th e h air of h is h ead with o u t sh ri n ki n g
fro mth e se v e re trial .
di v in e po wers m e n or an im
”
,
als 1 .
’
on th is occas i on .
CHA PT ER VI .
We h av e n ow re ach ed th e period i n th e li fe of
M ah av ira fro m wh ich h e begi n s to lead t h at h ou se
le ss an d h ard life of a Jai n a Mu n i i n wh ic h h e
h ad to trav e l fro mp lac e to place e xcept i n th e rai n y
,
— i
Th u s th e A ch aran g a su tra says th at M ah av ira
’
,
fact of h is g oi n g to K u mm ar It i s po ssible th at
.
th e J a i n a M u n i s i s p ro h ibited for fo u r m on th s of
th e rai n y se aso n for fe ar of ki lli n g th e i n sect s an d
su c h oth er small cre atu re s as are see n specially
i n th a t se aso n an d th e reby co m mitti n g H i ma
wh ich is strictly to be av oided by th e J ai n as In .
st ay at on e p lac e d u ri n g t h e ra i n y se aso n s an d th u s
th e fact of hi s stayi n g i n di ffere n t p lace s in di ffer
ca ll e d V a rd h ama na b u
, t i t h a s s i ce b
n e e n c a ll e d A s th ik ag ra
of R i d d h i s an d m an y ki n ds of Sidd h i s Th ere h e .
T h u s th e re i s a di ffe re n c e of a bo u t on e ye ar bet
we e n th e two c om p u ta ti o n s M ore ov er t
. h i s doe s ,
to i n dic ate .
h as an d as cloth e s were on e of th e m h e h ad to
, ,
ab an d on th e mtoo .
se v e re m e dit atio n th e re a t t h e e n d of wh ic h h av i n g ,
la wh ic h i s i n fin ite su pre m
,
e u n ob str u cted
,
c om , ,
m
p le te a n d fu l l .
T T h i i
s ls o ca ll
a se d R i j p
u a li k a d R u p a ti k ( th e mo an u a
de rn B akar )
ar
I T he se
.
e ar
1 Da sa rv ara i ya ob t
na c to s of fu ll fa i th
n s ru r .
2 G y a av ara ni a ob s t u c to
.
,
n o f fu ll k ow l e d g e
r rs n
M oh a i y a wh i c h l e ad a m astra y b y mk ug h i m
.
,
3 . n , a n a 1
s i lly d a th ra ll to hi s se
an e ns s
4 A ta ra ya wh i c h p e v e nt s on e s e nt a ce o n th e p ath
.
’
n , r r n
th at le ad s to e torn al b l i ss n .
CH A PT ER VII .
We h av e n ow reac h ed th e e n d of th e seco n d
g reat perio d i n t h e w o rl d ly c a reer o f Lord M ah a vi
th e worl d d eterm
,
i n ed to ren o u n ce it an d attai n
th e e v e r last i n g li fe
-
of bli s s and h appi n e ss ,
Ni rv a n a by a c on stan t st u d y of h is Se lf an d by
,
A t th e e n d o f t hi s pe riod we fin d h i mi n th e f ull
reali sati on of h i s h ope a J in a or a co n qu eror of
,
th e K ar m as th e eig h t gre at e n e m
,
ie s of th e so ul ,
an d a K e v ali n th a t i s an o m
, ,
n i scie n t lord co m pre
h en d i n g all o bj e c ts ; h e co u ld k n ow all c on ditio n s
of th e wor ld a n d th e th ou g h ts of m en His .
of h i s pe n a n ce s i n th e l as t t we lve y e a rs of h is li fe
Attai mn ts of th e n i ne p owe rs T h e se a r
n e . e
l. A an ta Da h ana
n rs u lim i te d be l i e f
n .
G yan k owle d ge n
K sh ay ak Sa m b
.
3.
y ak ta a e l i e f i n tru th ac q u i t
e d a ft be i n g fre e d
er
f omth e karms
r a
c om mu n i on w i th th e sou l
.
C h ari tra
a b a d on m
.
An a ta Da a
n n n e tof th e w orl d
n
ly th i gs n .
Labha p os e s i n g th e A na n ta
s s
C h t h t ya s a us a
u li m i te d h pp i n e ss
.
B h og a n a .
Upa b h og a posse i g th e sp le d ou r
ss n n
of th e Sa m a a sa v
am & c r s .
,
9 powe r of co qu e ri n g the n
karmas
.
1 The se are
1 A nan ta Da rshana fu ll fai th .
pe rfe ct kn owle d ge
.
2 G ya n
u n bo un d d h appm
. .
3 Sukh a e e ss .
4. V i rya .
44
v i s i te d b
y G a u tam a I n d ra b h u ti w h o b eca me h i s
He trav el le d th ro u gh ma n y p a rts of I n d i a an d ,
s i d e s of t h e G an ge s .First h e p reach ed i n M ag a d h a
an d t h e cou n t ry rou n d K u n d alpu ra wh ere h e was ,
N ow we se e th at som
”
of th e writers . e of t h e se
n am es do n ot occu r i n th e M ah av ira P u ran a ; b u t
th ere is n ot mu ch differe n ce Th ere it i s also me n .
M ag ad h a . Sh re n i k a th e
powerfu l ki n g of th at
,
th o u sa n d qu e stion s to M a ha v i ra an d all of th e m
we re a n s wered by Gau tam a In d rab h u ti at th e com
man d o f h is master T o ou r gre at misfortu n e n o
.
A ttai n me t n of Nirv a n a .
an d death like t
,
h e opposite poles i n a mag n e t are ,
i s n oth i n g b u t th e e n d of t h at li fe Su ch e n d mu st .
o co m
”
n e v er t e again It was a death wh ich lib e r
.
th i s p u rpose th at h e c a me to th i s worl d Wh at
ev e r i t may be h e obt ai n ed it at th e e n d of h is
,
obt ai n e d i t wi ll b e fo u n d i n te re s ti n g .
d ha r m sh
a a la s ( r e s t i n g p l ac-
e s ) fo J a i nra p i lgri ms Th e re are .
th e B . B L R. a i
. l w a y i n th e p r o v i n ce of B i har T en m i le s from
,
it i s G u n av a w h e r e I n d ra b h u t i i s s a i d t o h a v e at tai n e d N irvana .
of B i h a r .
(
‘
51 I
ch ie fl y o th e D i a l i occ si o
n th e d y on whi c h L o d Mah a
v a n, a r
vi a
r ttai e d N i rvana
a n d the u p to th e m an on th of M ch n ar ,
whe th e atte n d an ce be gi s to f ll
n T he m a i n te m
n p le whi ch a .
,
co ta i ns th e ch
n na s c d foot i m
a ra p e ssions of L o d Maha
s, a re -
r , r
i t d i th m
v ra , s a n i d d l e of
n t k c v e e d wi th l otus le v s
e a an , o r a e
a d othe
n q ti c p
r al t s o
uaf i o k i d s
an M a y fi h flo t i
var us n . n s a n
th w t
e d mke a ve y f
a e r an a y i gh t by the i i ce ssant
r u nn s r n
sm ll a fish an d mke th e md
er t d ow i to th e w te
a i g e t
ar n n a r n r a
co f
n us oni A tp e s. t n o lot r s en b loomi g i n th e ta k us e are n n
b t i t i e y to i mgi e h w
u s as h mi g th tank m st l ook
a n o c ar n e u
wh e w h i t
n d e d lo t es d ot i ts
e an r face and th e fi h d a ce
us s ur s n
i n i ts pe ll id d e p ths th ou gh th e m
uc az of th e l ot
r te m s es us s -
.
to a l otus i to a p e a l of th e m
, n os t b e rti f l p i k colo T he au u n r.
s to e n I th e te m
. np le i tse lf is low chambe r faci g the c ast a , n
a re 3 i ch e s th e ce t l o
n th e l ges t of th e th e c on ta i s
n ra ne , ar re , n
of i t of h i d i sci p l e Ga ta m
, s a Swam i ; d thato th e le ft thos e
u an n
of S d h arm
u ac h a ya r .
ti m e a d th e oc c as i o
n w s mdn s s im
a p le as p ossi bl e After
a e a
th e atta i m
.
n n
e d l e v i g n ai ls a n d h ai r
a n A n e w bod y was m
. ad e of t h e mand
p p
ro e rly bur n t .
sa bh a s in eral place s Th ey th ou gh t it more
se v .
wh ic h me an s a row of lamp s
”
.It re fers to th e
i llu mi n ati on th a t is h e ld e v e ry ye a r on th e Di v ali
fe sti v al . Th is i ll u mi n ati on i s bu t th e i mi tation of
th e g re at illu m i n at ion h e ld on th e occasio n of th e
deat h of M ah av ira T h e pe op le h av e forgotte n th e
.
th ro u gh so ma n y ce n tu ri e s It i s also said th at th e
.
of D i v ali i s also a n i m
,
it ation of th e g re a t h al l at
P a v apu ri i n wh ich Mah av i ra b re at h e d h i s last.
occ u r i n th e Hari b an sa P u ra n a
CH A PT ER I X .
to th e faith wh i c h h is follo we rs an d p u p i ls h ad i n
h im an d to say so m e th i n g abo u t h i s follo wer s
X .
—
M ai treya an d
XI .
-
P rab h as
'
. Both were f h
o t e Ka d
n i n y a—gotra
No. Na me of th e Ga n ad h a ra . Gotra .
I n d rab h u ti G au ta ma
A g n i b h u ti G au tm aa
Gau t maa
Arya Vyak ta
-
B h a rad v aj a
Su d h ar ma A gn i V e sh ayana
H ari ta y an a
Kand i n ya
K an d i n y a
time as K e v ali n s .
R i d d h is or th e po we rs of g od s fiv e h u n dred sages
wh o cou ld k n o w th e th o u gh ts of all bei n gs ; fo u r
h u n dre d professors wh o u se d to di sc u ss with m en
of ot h e r re ligio n s an d wh o wi ll n e v er be de feated
,
( 58 1
; v e u n u n s o a e
.
,
g a v e m e a poe m b u t be fore e x pl
,
a i n i n g it to m e h e
R id d h i -
v i k ri ya -
k
y u ta M u n i s .
Ga u tama It ran th u s
.
wh at is mea n t by th e t h re e K alas a n d th e si x
Drav y as . He co u ld n ot u n ders ta n d th e P an ch asti
kaya th e se v en T attv as a n d th e s ix Le sh yas A n d
, .
p e r to co m e to M a h a v i ra a n d th e re ex plai n th e
th a t of th e c h ie f G a n a d h a ra Wh e n Mah av ira .
two y e a rs .
Se e I n d A n t , Vol
. . .
, X I, p . 2 46 .
( 61
Fro m th e ord e r of th e M u n i s we co me to th at
of th e A rj i k as or th e n u n s T h i s i s said to h av e
.
ru le s of co n d u ct like th e M u n i s A t th e h ead .
of th e se n u n s was C h a n d a n a In th e Digambara .
u h
F rt er we e r
. l a n fro m l —
Ka p a su tra
th at C h e tak a was th e matern al u n c le of M ah av i ra .
Th u s C h an d a n a mu st h av e b e e n th e cou si n of
Mah av ira T h e Diga m
. baras say th at C h e tak a was
th e fat h er of T ri sala Th i s sh o ws t h at C h an d an a
.
to M ah av i ra T h e an ecdote sh owi n g h ow sh e
.
,
bec ame an A rj i ka r u n s th u s ,
O n e d ay C h a n d an a h a d b e e n to th e p lea su re
,
i n th e way , th i n ki n g of h is wife , h e le ft h e r i n th e
forest Sh e was weepi n g th e re wh e n a certain
.
,
h il l
-
ma came t h ere a d took h e with h i m to
n n r
bha se T he m
naa kep t h e fo someti me i his
. n r r n
h ou se b u t ,
as sh e grew yo u n g ,
h is wi fe ,
Su b h ad ra,
bec ame j e alo u s C h a n dan a was i ll
of h e r beau ty .
.
CHA PT ER X .
Hi s ch aracter — te ac h i n gs .
of a n A rh at ; b u t it wo u ld n ot be ou t of place to
g reat preac h e r a n d k n
,
o w i n g th a t exa m ple i s bett e r
of Vaj ra Eb u rn i
-
an d Shu d d h a Bh u mi wh e n h e
,
-
lo v e th e mb u t was v e ry obe d ie n t to t h e m T h u s .
sa i n t m
,
u st h av e been kn o wn to all me n an d spe ,
th e ki n g of th at co u n try i n wh ic h th e co wh e rd li v ed ,
, ,
1
d id n ot lea ve h i s D h yan a an d re m ai n ed con stan tly
a b sorbed i n his m editatio n Hav i n g complete ly
.
”
p rai se M ah av ira .
ou r A c h aryas is likely to m
,
ake th e mh e sitate fro m
taki n g it for gran ted th at th ey say th e w ord of
Sarv agya . Howe ver th e h i story of th e ev ol u tio n of
,
'
d h aras ,
wh o se memory ch ief repository
was th e
an d m e an s of co n ti n u a n ce of t h e Sidd h an tas u sed ,
p g
a at e d th e traditi on s by wor d of m ou th T h e se .
w e re follo we d by th e fiv e Sh r u ta K e v ali n s wh o h e l d
th e c h a ir for h u n d re d ye ars T h e me m ory of th e se
.
w as weak e r th an th at of th e K e v ali n s an d h e n ce
th ey forg ot th e A n g ab ah yas Th u s th e k n o wle dge .
T h e y forgo t fo u r of th e P u rvas a n d t h u s th e fo u r ,
T h e n ca me th e fo u r Fou r A n g i n s h old in g th e ch a ir
-
f or n i n e ty n i n e yea rs
-
Th ey co u ld reme mber only
.
th ey forgot e very th i n g b u t on e A n ga T h u s o n ly .
n o on e h a d t h e k n o wledge of e v en of on e co mplete
A n ga . T h e A ch aryas se e i n g th at t h e ir me m
,
ory
was growi n g we ake r an d we aker th ou gh t it ex ,
p e d ie n t to tak e a d v a n t a g e of th e a rt of w riti n g a n d ,
,
.
v ast as it is is t
,
h e ou t come of th e origi n al c om
-
g re at ,B u dd h i st
works Mah av ira i s sa id to h a ve been a co n te m
, po
r ry
a o f B u d d h a He is me n t ion ed by h is P rakrit
.
”
su cceed an d A b h aya was c o n v erted by B u dd h a
,
.
,
’
d w h d h
''
th e N i g a n th a s
i
h eld th e K r i
"t
ya va a ile B u d a ,
T h e J ai as n .
73
.
, ,
h im A gai n i n th e M ag h i m
”
. a N i k a ya 3 5 a d is ,
a N i g a n tha i s n ar rated ,
Fromth e same au th ority .
th a t Mah av i ra an d B u dd h a li v e d an d pre ac h ed at
th e sam e ti m
f
Th is mea n s th at Bu dd h a was
i
e .
T s h ow th i
o w h e th e s thori ty of th e J ai a G r thas
e av au n an
y an a,d i sc i p l e of P arsh
a N ath be i g d i sp le ase d wi th
va a, n
M a h a i a b ca mv r e d i ci p l e of B d d h a a d be ga to te ac h th e
e a s u n n
B d d h i st p h i losop hy
u .
mm
.
w w
mm
au afi uan
m
sa ) fir sthand ?" all
( i t ! art !
m
s
m m ‘
w m w fi mm
firin
g s
-
! v i as fi l
f s
m
ar l nc u
ne w s anai l W
-
ars a g a a w -
mm
mmm l w mm m
mmm mmm
T h is me an s th at
n
i n th e T i rth a of
m
P a rsh v a-
n ou
N at h a
( t h at i s du ri n g th e p e riod b e twee n th e A rh atsh ip
of P arsh v a N a th a an d M ah a v ira ) B u d d h ak irti ,
f
‘ ‘
a mo k
n le arn ed i n S h astras a di s ciple of P ih ita
,
sh ra v a l
L
w p e rformi n g p e na n c e on th e ban ks of
as
T h i s co iste d of 2 800 y
ns e a rs.
1
“
T h i s w s aap p i l o f Lord
u P arsh va N at
-
ha .
( 76 )
v ira s Ni rv an a sh o u ld be 5 2 7 B C
’
. .
m
In t1 od u cti on to P a tta v ali w e read th e fo llo wi n g !
m
w w
’
mm
( fl g
a a fu fr i a fi 5q
5 as W
aw w o w wfi w é u In
T ra nsla ti on .
1
( )0 N ow i n th e ye ar 47 0 after th e death of
th e Lord Vira th e birt h of ki n g Vik ra ma
took place .
52 7 .
We ! W fi m fi m gm a n
( 77 )
T ra nsla ti on .
as B C 5 2 7
. . .
, ,
M ahav i ra l ft h i s home
e at th e ag e of 3 0 ye ars .
me e ts Gosala 2
Mahav i ra li v e s wi th Gosala 6
G osala l i v e s al on e b e fore J i ns h ood 2 -
l i v e s as J in a 16
M ah av i ra su v i v e s G os la r a 16
T otal of Maha v i ra s
’
l i fe 72 ye ars .
59 9 .
T h u s w e se e t h at h e li v ed fro m B C 5 9 9 to . .
5 2 7 fo r s e v e n ty t w o year s -
.
Appe nd i x I .
80 A PPE N DI X .
An an ta Virya
An ga
A n ga bah yasu tra
A n ga pu rva
A n oi
An taran g a
A n taraya
Arati
Arh at
Arj i ka
A ryav i d yasu dh ak ara
A ryavyakta
A san a
A sh ad h a
A sh av i na
Asoka wit
h
A sthi k agra ma
A ti v ira
A v adhi gyan a
Baisakh s
Bani ya
Barakar mm
B asu k un d a
B eh ar
B e sarh
A PPE N DI X .
Bh ara d waj
B h arata C h akrav arti
“ R m fit )
B h aratav arsha
B h ash a
B h aya sq
B i h ar fi m( i n
B i h ar fi m fi m
r r
Bi mbi sara
B rah m achari
B rah m a a n
B rah m a g alas
n utta
B ri h at am
shi ta
B u d dh a
B u d dh ag osha
B u d dh ak i rti
C h ai tra
C h ak su
C h ampapu ri
C h an d an a
C h an d raprabh a
C happan ak u mari k a
C h aran a
m
C h atu r asa
C h atu spad a
C h e ln a
C h e tak a
C h ul i k a
A PPE N DI X
D
Darshan asara “ h a rt
Darshanav arni ya
Dash apu ra
De v aki
De v an an d a
Dev anan d a
De v av an i
De vi
De v ok tamu kta
D h ana
D han ya
Dh ar mpa i k sh a
a r
Dh ru vase na
D h yan a
Di g amb ara
D i k sha
Di pav ali
D iv ali
Drav yas
Du sh ama Su sh ama
Dwad ashan g a
Dwe sh a
Dwi pad a
G ana
G an ad h ara
Gfith fi
G au tama
G au ta ma
A PPE N DI X .
K ach aloch a na M as
Kalas
K alpasu tra
K alyan ak a
Karma
Karti ka
K ash apa
Kevali n
K h aratarag acha
K olla g a
K oti g g a ma
Kri sh n a
K ri yav ad a
K rodh a
K h satriya
K sh ayak C hari tra
K sh ayak Sa myak t
va
K sh e tra
Ku la
K u mmar
A PPE N DI X .
K u n d ag gama m ( m
K u n d alpura
K u n ika
Ku ppa
L ab d h i s
Labh a
L ag h u b h oj ana as m
L ak sh mi
L esh yas
L ok a
M ag ad ha
Mag ad h i
M ah av ag g a
Mah av i ra
Mahavi ra Pu ran
M ah avri ta
M ai treya
Man a
Man d ara
Mati
M au d i layan a
M au rayapu tra
Maya
Meru
86 A PP E N DI X .
Mith ila
Mi th yatv a
M og alayan a
Moh an i ya
Mulg u n a
Mu m
N alan d a
N an d i v ard h ana
N apu n sakav e d a
N atapu tta
N ath ab an si
Nati k as
N aya Kulin
N emi ch an d ra
N ig an th a
N i rvan a
P alash an ag ar
Pali
P an ch asti kaya
P an d u shi la
P ani yab h u mi
P apa
P ara mesh th i
P ari g rah a
P ari k raman a
P ari sh ah a
P arsh v an ath a un i -r m
88 AP PE N DI X .
Ru ch ak d vi pa
Ru d ra
Sal
Saman ta
Samata
Sami ti
Samosarana
Samparyan k a
Samyak a C h ari tra
San mati
San n i v e s
San yasi
Saraswati
Sarathi khan da .
Sarv agya
Saryu
Satya
Sh an d av ana
Sh an k aracharya
Sh astra
Sh atan ee k a
Sh ayan a
Sh e sh av ati
Sh oka
Sh ra ma na
Sh rav aka
Sh rav asti
Sh re n i k a
A PPEN DI X .
Sh rotra
Sh ru ta K evalin
Sh ru ti
Sh u d dh abh u mi
m
Sh v e ta bara
Si d d h a
Sid d harth a
Si d d hi s
Si d dhan ta
Sparsh a
Stav an a
Sth av i ra
Stri v e d a
Su b h ad ra
Su d arsh an a
m
Su dh a r ach arya
Su kla
Sulasa
Su lpani
Su ma n
g alv i la si n i
Su parsv a
Su trak ri tan g a
Sv adh yaya
Syad av ad a
T attvarth ad hi g a ma
T attva
T i rth a
90 A PPE N DI X .
T i rth an k ara
T ri lok asara
T ri sala
T yag a
Ud ayi n
Usab h ad atta
Usab h ad i n n a
Uttarad h yayana
Uttarg u nas
'
Uttarph alg u n
Uv asag d asao
Vai sali
Vai sh asti
Vaj rabh u mi
Van d an a
Van iyag ra m a
Varah a mih i a
r
Var d h amana