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4.

5 Transition Words and Phrases Commonly Used In Research Papers

In Research Writing, transitional words and phrases provide the glue

that holds ideas together. They provide coherence (that hanging together,

making sense as a whole) by helping the reader to understand the

relationship between ideas. They also act as signposts that help the reader

follow the movement of the discussion. Transitional expressions, then, can be

used between sentences, between paragraphs, or between entire sections

of a thesis or dissertation to make the research report more scholarly.

Agreement / Addition / Similarity

The transitional devices like also, in addition, and, likewise, add information,

reinforce ideas , and express agreement with preceding material.

in the first place

not only ... but

also

as a matter of

fact

in like manner

in addition

coupled with

in the same

fashion / way

first, second,

third

in the light of

not to mention

to say nothing

of

equally

important
by the same

token

again

to

and

also

then

equally

identically

uniquely

like

as

too

moreover

as well as

together with

of course

likewise

comparatively

correspondingly

similarly

furthermore

additionally

Opposition / Limitation / Contradiction

Transition words like but, rather and or, express that there is

evidence to the contrary or point out alternatives, and thus

introduce a change the line of reasoning (contrast).

although this

may be true
in contrast

different from

of course ..., but

on the other

hand

on the contrary

at the same

time

in spite of

even so /

though

be that as it

may

then again

above all

in reality

after all

but

(and) still

unlike

or

(and) yet

while

albeit

besides

although

instead

whereas

despite
conversely

otherwise

however

rather

nevertheless

regardless

notwithstanding

Examples / Support / Emphasis

These transitional devices (like especially) are used to

introduce examples as support, to indicate importance or as

an illustration so that an idea is cued to the reader.

in other words

to put it

differently

for one thing

as an illustration

in this case

for this reason

to put it another

way

that is to say

with attention

to

by all means

important to

realize

another key

point

first thing to
remember

most

compelling

evidence

must be

remembered

point often

overlooked

to point out

on the positive /

negative side

with this in mind

notably

including

like

to be sure

namely

chiefly

truly

indeed

certainly

surely

markedly

especially

specifically

expressively

surprisingly

frequently

significantly
in fact

in general

in particular

in detail

for example

for instance

to demonstrate

to emphasize

to repeat

to clarify

to explain

to enumerate

such as

Cause / Condition / Purpose

These transitional words present specific conditions or

intentions.

in the event

that

granted (that)

as / so long as

on (the)

condition (that)

for the purpose

of

with this

intention

with this in mind

in the hope that

to the end that


for fear that

in order to

seeing / being

that

in view of

If... then

unless

when

whenever

since

while

because of

as

since

while

lest

in case

provided that

given that

only / even if

so that

so as to

owing to

inasmuch as

due to

Effect / Consequence / Result

Some of these transition words (thus, then, accordingly,

consequently, therefore, henceforth) are time words that are

used to show that after a particular time there was a


consequence or an effect.

Note that for and because are placed before the

cause/reason. The other devices are placed before the

consequences or effects.

as a result

under those

circumstances

in that case

for this reason

for

thus

because the

then

hence

consequently

therefore

thereupon

forthwith

accordingly

henceforth

Conclusion / Summary / Restatement

These transition words and phrases conclude, summarize

and/or restate ideas, or a indicate a final general statement.

Also some words (like therefore) from the Effect / Consequence

category can be used to summarize.

as can be seen

generally

speaking

in the final
analysis

all things

considered

as shown

above

in the long run

given these

points

as has been

noted

in a word

for the most

part

after all

in fact

in summary

in conclusion

in short

in brief

in essence

to summarize

on balance

altogether

overall

ordinarily

usually

by and large

to sum up

on the whole
in any event

in either case

all in all

Time / Chronology / Sequence

These transitional words (like finally) have the function of

limiting, restricting, and defining time. They can be used either

alone or as part of adverbial expressions.

at the present

time

from time to

time

sooner or later

at the same

time

up to the

present time

to begin with

in due time

until now

as soon as

in the

meantime

in a moment

without delay

in the first place

all of a sudden

at this instant

immediately

quickly
finally

after

later

last

until

since

then

before

hence

since

when

once

about

next

now

formerly

suddenly

shortly

henceforth

whenever

eventually

meanwhile

further

during

first, second

in time

prior to

forthwith

straightaway
instantly

presently

occasionally

Many transition words in the time category (consequently; first,

second, third; further; hence; henceforth; since; then, when;

and whenever) have other uses.

Except for the numbers (first, second, third) and further they

add a meaning of time in expressing conditions, qualifications,

or reasons. The numbers are also used to add information or list

examples. Further is also used to indicate added space as well

as added time.

Space / Location / Place

These transition words are often used as part of adverbial

expressions and have the function to restrict, limit or qualify

space. Quite a few of these are also found in the Time

category and can be used to describe spatial order or spatial

reference.

in the middle

to the left/right

in front of

on this side

in the distance

here and there

in the

foreground

in the

background

in the center of

adjacent to
opposite to

here

there

next

where

from

over

near

under

further

beyond

nearby

wherever

around

between

before

alongside

amid

among

beneath

beside

behind

across

Being a true leader is the one who has the courage to lead his/ her associates.

The one who puts more efforts than his/her members.

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