Statistics and

Probability
Quarter 3 – Module 14:
Identifying the Different
Random Sampling Techniques

CO_Q3_Statistics and Probability SHS

Module 14
Statistics and Probability – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 14: Identifying the Different Random Sampling Techniques
First Edition, 2021

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 Statistics and
Probability
Quarter 3 – Module 14:
Identifying the Different
Random Sampling Techniques
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

CO_Q3_Statistics and Probability SHS

ii Module 14
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind on how you can identify the
different random sampling techniques as applied in solving real-life situated
problems. It is here to help you realize the use and importance of selecting the
appropriate type of random sampling method that can yield significant results in
your future researches. This module was written and intended for senior high
students like you who are taking Statistics and Probability subject. Your adept
analysis will help you appreciate the richness, and beauty of this subject which will
motivate you to apply to similar situations and develop your own statistical
procedures.

The module contains only one lesson which is illustrating random sampling. It offers
relevant problems or situations which will help you understand what are being
tackled in this module. Your ability to interpret, reason – out, and make a judgment
or even decision out of statistical measures will also be practiced here.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define terms related to random sampling;
2. illustrate random sampling; and
3. identify different random sampling techniques.

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 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. What do you call the set of all people, objects, events, or ideas researchers
want to investigate?
A. data
B. population
C. sample
D. statistics

2. Which of the following can be considered as the best sample?

A. conveniently chosen
B. purposely selected
C. selected at random
D. self-selected

3. From the given populations, which of the following samples can most likely
represent of the population from which it is drawn?
A. population: online shoppers
sample: market vendors
B. population: SAP beneficiaries
sample: government officials
C. population: users of social media
sample: students
D. population: senior high school students
sample: grade 10 students

4. Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of simple random

sampling?
A. Each element in the population has an equal probability of being
selected
B. Specific numbers are selected to decide which elements are included
as the samples.
C. Random samples are selected based on the subjective judgment of the
researcher.
D. Each element has an equal identification.

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 5. Which of the following is a type of random sampling method?
A. convenience
B. non-probability
C. purposive
D. stratified

6. Which of the following is another type of random sampling method?

A. convenience
B. quota
C. snowball
D. systematic

7. A researcher was given a random list of all graduating senior high school
students. He decided to conduct a survey by asking every seventh student
on the list regarding the courses that they want to take in college. What type
of sampling technique is the researcher planning to use?
A. cluster
B. random
C. stratified
D. systematic

8. You were a researcher and you wish to do a comparative study between two
hospitals’ success rates in fighting COVID-19. Instead of mixing patients in
the two hospitals, you simply divided your samples into two and randomly
selected those samples based on the hospital that each individual attended
for treatment. What type of sampling technique are you using?
A. cluster
B. random
C. stratified
D. systematic

9. You wish to determine the effects of implementing the COVID-19 community

quarantine in the Philippines. Among the variables, the socio-economic
status of your respondents is your primary concern. What sampling
technique would best select your sample for this study?
A. cluster
B. purposive
C. stratified
D. systematic

10. You go to the streets of your barangay to conduct a study on how SAP
beneficiaries spend their money during the COVID-19 community
quarantine. You ask every passerby to participate in your research. What
type of sampling technique are you using?
A. convenience
B. purposive
C. stratified
D. systematic

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For numbers 11-15, refer to the situation below:
The Philippine High School caters 5,000 senior high students. Mr. Manalo,
the school principal, wants to obtain information about their plans after
graduation.

11. What is the target population in this study?

A. senior high students in his school
B. senior high students in his district
C. parents of senior high students in his school
D. parents of senior high students in the country

12. Mr. Manalo writes each name of all senior high school students on small
pieces of papers. He rolls and put them in a box and then draws 500 names
as respondents in his study. What random sampling technique does he
apply?
A. cluster
B. simple
C. stratified
D. systematic

13. The principal creates a list of all senior high students. He decides to include
every tenth student in his samples. Which random sampling technique does
he apply?
A. cluster
B. simple
C. stratified
D. systematic

14. Mr. Manalo groups the senior high students according to their respective
grade levels and strands. He proportionately and randomly chooses sample
students from each group. Which random sampling technique does he apply?
A. cluster
B. simple
C. stratified
D. systematic

15. The principal groups the senior high school students according to their
barangay residence they live. He randomly chooses 5 barangays and then
includes all the students living in the randomly chosen barangays in the
sample. Which random sampling technique does he apply?
A. cluster
B. simple
C. stratified
D. systematic

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 Lesson Identifying the Different
1 Random Sampling
Techniques
In research, collecting data can either be done in the entire population or the subset
of this population called sample. If a researcher opts to use a sample rather than a
population, he must take considerations on the number of samples and how these
samples can be chosen out of the target population.

A population includes all of its elements from a set of data. The size of the population
is the number of observations in the population. For example, if ABS-CBN network
has 11,000 employees having the required blood type in a certain study, then we
have a population of size 11,000.

Sample consists of one or more data drawn from the population. It is a subset or an
incomplete set taken from a population of objects or observations. Taking samples
instead of the population is less time-consuming and cost-effective. Although
sampling has advantages, it can also be a source of bias and inaccuracy.

Random Sampling is a sampling method of choosing representatives from the

population wherein every sample has an equal chance of being selected. Accurate
data can be collected using random sampling techniques.

What’s In

Analyze the following scenarios then answer the questions that follow.

a. As of May 6, 2020, the Department of Health recorded 131,786 unique

individuals who got tested for the COVID-19 out of approximately 109,369,019
Filipinos.

1. Identify the population.

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

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 2. How many elements are there in the population?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

3. Who are the samples?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

4. How many samples are selected?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

5. Did the situation illustrate random sampling? Why or why not?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

b. Barangay Pagkakaisa has 400 family beneficiaries of the government’s Social

Amelioration Program (SAP). The Brgy. Captain decides to survey how these
recipients spent their money during community quarantine. He wrote each of
the names of the beneficiaries in small pieces of papers. He rolled and put them
in a box then drew out 50 names to answer the survey questionnaire.

6. Identify the population.

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

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7. How many elements are there in the population?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

8. Who are the samples?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

9. How many samples are selected?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

10. Did the Brgy. Captain use random sampling in the situation? Why?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

POPULATION SAMPLE

College Nursing
students in students
a certain
University

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 What’s New

You already knew that random sampling is a method of selecting a sample from a
population in such a way that every member of the population has an equal chance
to be chosen as part of the sample. Do you know that we have four ways to randomly
select our sample? Yes, we have four types of random sampling which you will be
able to define and differentiate in the following activities.

I. Match the word in column A with its definition in column B.

Column A Column B

1. Simple Random Sampling A. methodical procedure

2. Systematic Random Sampling B. having few parts; not complex illustrate

3. Stratified Random Sampling C. to divide or arrange into classes

4. Cluster Random Sampling D. a number of similar things that occur

together

II. You’ve just familiarized yourself with the keywords related to random sampling.
Now you are ready to distinguish its different types. Use your understanding of
the previous activity to identify whether the following situations illustrate simple,
systematic, stratified or cluster random sampling.

Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.

1. A researcher writes the name of each student on a piece of paper, mixes the
papers in a bowl, and draws 7 pieces of paper.

2. A researcher selects every 7th student from a random list.

3. A researcher tells the class to count off and then selects those students who
count a multiple of 7 numbers.

4. A researcher separates the list of boys and girls, then draws 7 names by
gender.

5. A researcher surveys all students from 3 randomly selected classes out of

7 classes.

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 What is It

Let us analyze the situations given above.

1. A researcher writes the name of each student on a piece of paper, mixes the
papers in a bowl, and draws 7 pieces of paper.

Situation 1 illustrates simple random sampling. The pieces of papers

correspond to each student as elements of the population. All of them have
an equal chance of being selected as a sample by randomly picking 7 pieces
of paper in a bowl.

2. A researcher selects every 7th student from a random list.

3. A researcher tells the class to count and then selects those students who count
a multiple of 7 numbers.

Situations 2 and 3 illustrate systematic random sampling because

samples are being selected based on the kth consistent intervals. Selecting
every 7th student on the random list of names creates an equal chance for
all of the students to become samples.

The same thing happened in selecting students who count multiples of 7

or 14, 21, and so on.

4. A researcher separates the list of boys and girls, then draws 7 names by
gender.

Situation 4 illustrates stratified random sampling because the students

are divided into two different strata or groups, boys and girls. With a
proportional number for each group, samples are then selected at random
from these two groups.

5. A researcher surveys all students from 3 randomly selected classes out of 7

classes.

Situation 5 illustrates cluster sampling since all students are divided into
clusters or classes, then 3 classes are selected at random out of the 7
classes. All of the students of these three classes comprised the samples
of the study. Take note that each cluster is mutually homogeneous yet
internally heterogeneous.

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There are different types of random sampling.

a. A Simple random sampling technique is the most basic random sampling

wherein each element in the population has an equal probability of being
selected. They are usually represented by a unique identification number that
is written on equal-sized and shaped papers and then selection of samples is
possible through the lottery method. Random numbers are selected to decide
which elements are included as the sample. The number of papers to be drawn
is based on the desired number of samples.

Simple Random Sampling

b. Systematic random sampling is a random sampling that uses a list of all the
elements in the population and then elements are being selected based on the
kth consistent intervals. To get the kth interval, divide the population size by
the sample size.

Systematic Random Sampling

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 c. Stratified random sampling is a random sampling wherein the population is
divided into different strata or divisions. The number of samples will be
proportionately picked in each stratum that is why all strata are represented
in the samples.

Stratified Random Sampling

d. Cluster sampling is a random sampling wherein population is divided into

clusters or groups and then the clusters are randomly selected. All elements
of the clusters randomly selected are considered the samples of the study.

Cluster Sampling

The sampling techniques that involve random selection are called probability
sampling. Likewise, simple random, systematic, and stratified and cluster sampling
are all probability sampling techniques.

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There are also sampling techniques that do not involve random selection of data.
They are called non-probability sampling. An example of this is convenience
sampling wherein the researcher gathers data from nearby sources of information
exerting minimal effort. Convenience is being used by persons giving questionnaires
on the streets to ask the passers-by.

Purposive sampling is also not considered a random sampling since the respondents
are being selected based on the goal of the studies of the researcher. If the study is
about the students who are children of OFW, the researcher will get samples who are
children of OFW. This excludes other students from being a sample.

Notes to the Teacher

The teacher may put emphasis on the importance of this topic on the students’
future researches. A researcher must be aware of the sampling error that he
might encounter due to improper selection of his samples. The generalization of
research findings depends on the data and how it was collected. Remember that
a researcher wants to describe the entire population by interpreting the
characteristics of his sample. Therefore, it is very important to choose the
representative sample which has the same characteristics as the population.

What’s More

Independent Practice

Identify the random sampling technique used in each item.

1. You were given a list of all graduating students in your school. You decided to
survey every 10th student on the list and asked them the organization where
they belong.

2. You wish to make a comparison of the gender differences in Mathematics

performance. You divided the population into two groups, composed of males
and females, and randomly picked respondents from each group.

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 3. You assigned numbers to the members of the population and then used draw
lots to obtain your samples to answer your survey on the most popular festivals
in the country.

4. You randomly picked five out of fifteen barangays to conduct your survey in
your municipality or city about their best environment-friendly practices.

5. You wrote the names of each student in pieces of papers, shuffled and then
drew eight names to answer a survey on their ethical media practices.

Independent Assessment

Analyze the given situations below and then identify the type of random sampling
method being illustrated in each item. Write the letter of your answer on a separate
answer sheet.

Each of the 30 basketball high school teams has 12 players. The organizer wants to
have a quick survey to know the average height of the players.

1. Each team was asked to place papers with its players’ names into separate
fishbowls and randomly drew out five names from each bowl. The five names
from each team were combined to make up the sample. Which of the following
sampling techniques was used in this situation?

A. cluster
B. simple
C. stratified
D. systematic

2. The organizer listed all the players on a sheet of paper and then assigned a
unique number for each. Sixty numbers were picked to get the samples. Which
random sampling technique did the organizer apply?

A. cluster
B. simple
C. stratified
D. systematic

3. All players were grouped according to their ages and chose players from each
group to measure their heights. Which random sampling technique did he
apply?

A. cluster
B. simple
C. stratified
D. systematic

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13 Module 14
 4. The organizer created a list of all players, decided to surveyed every sixth name
on the list, and later asked those players that were selected to answer a
questionnaire. Which random sampling technique did he apply?

A. cluster
B. simple
C. stratified
D. systematic

5. A team was randomly selected to answer the question prior to the study.
Which random sampling technique did he apply?

A. cluster
B. simple
C. stratified
D. systematic

What I Have Learned

Answer the following questions briefly. Use a separate paper for your answers.

1. Give the importance of choosing the appropriate sampling technique/method

in conducting a research.

2. Distinguish between a non-probability and a probability sampling method.

3. Explain how cluster sampling is different from stratified sampling.

4. Suppose you wanted to know the proportion of students who wear glasses on
campus and you immediately went ahead and surveyed only the students in
your class. What sampling technique did you see?

5. What sampling technique is being described: when you select individuals for
a study using a pattern (e.g., choosing every 15th person to participate).

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 What I Can Do

Decide a specific problem that you want to study about the COVID-19 pandemic.

1. Who are your target respondents or sources of data?

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

2. How are you going to obtain your data?

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

3. What sampling method would be best for your study? Why would you
select that method?

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

4. What do you think would be the greatest description of a best sample?

Why?

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

5. If you were to create your own research, will you use random sampling?
Why or why not? If yes, what kind of random sampling are you going to
use? If not, how will you obtain your samples?

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

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 Assessment

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. What do you call the set of all data that researchers want to investigate?
A. data
B. population
C. random
D. sample

2. Which of the following can be considered as the best sample?

A. conveniently chosen
B. purposely selected
C. selected at random
D. self – selected

3. From the given populations, which of the following samples is most likely to be
representatives of the population from which it is drawn?
A. population: SAP beneficiaries
sample: car owners
B. population: lawmakers
sample: students
C. population: online shoppers
sample: cellphone users
D. population: graduating students
sample: grade 8 students

4. What population sampling consideration should be used in random sampling?

A. Each sample is a representative of the population
B. Samples must be as large as the population.
C. Samples are not taken from the population.
D. Samples are different from population.

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5. Which of the following is a type of random sampling?
A. convenience
B. quota
C. snowball
D. systematic

6. Which of the following is another type of random sampling?

A. convenience
B. non-probability
C. purposive
D. stratified

7. As a researcher, you ask the people of your barangay on how they spent their
money during the community quarantine. You decided to group them according
to their socio-economic status and then proportionately and randomly selected
samples from these groups. Which type of sampling are you using?
A. convenience
B. purposive
C. stratified
D. systematic

8. As a researcher, you want to know the plans of graduating senior high school
students. You ask all passersby to participate in your research. Which type of
sampling are you using?
A. convenience
B. purposive
C. stratified
D. systematic

9. You wish to examine the effects of community quarantine on your fellow

students. You decided to borrow a list from the guidance office and selected
every 10th student on it. What sampling technique are you using?
A. convenience
B. purposive
C. stratified
D. systematic

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17 Module 14
10. You want to know the effects of the COVID-19 to the Filipino people and you
will ask the Medical Frontliners. Which type of sampling will you use?
A. convenience
B. purposive
C. stratified
D. systematic

For numbers 11-15, refer to the situation below:

A National High School has 2,000 first year high school students. Mrs. Mogol,
the school principal, wanted to obtain information from these students about
last year’s lesson that had not been tackled.

11. What is the target population in her study?

A. all students in her school
B. parents of all students in her school
C. first year high school students in her school
D. parents of first year high school in her school

12. The principal created a list of all grade 7 students, decided to survey every
seventh student on the list. Which random sampling technique did she apply?
A. cluster
B. simple
C. stratified
D. systematic

13. Mrs. Mogol wrote each name of all first-year high school students on small
pieces of paper, he then put them in a box and drew 300 names to participate
in the study. Which random sampling technique did she apply?
A. cluster
B. simple
C. stratified
D. systematic

14. The principal grouped the first-year high school students according to the
barangay where they live. She randomly picked a barangay and all of the
students living in that barangay answered the questionnaire. Which random
sampling technique did she apply?
A. cluster
B. simple
C. stratified
D. systematic

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18 Module 14
 15. Mrs. Mogol grouped the first-year high school students according to the school
last attended. She proportionately and randomly chose students from each
group. Which random sampling technique did she apply?
A. cluster
B. simple
C. stratified
D. systematic

Additional Activities

In the following situations, give the target population and identify the possible
samples which should be taken from the target population.

The first one is done as an example for you.

1. The opinions of the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines (CBCP)
regarding guidelines for the Liturgical Celebration in the “New Normal”
condition
Population: Catholic Bishops in the Philippines
Sample: Bishops in Luzon
2. A survey on the most popular TV noontime show in the Philippines
Population:
Sample:
3. The study habits of public senior high school students in selected schools in
Manila
Population:
Sample:
4. The degree of satisfaction of parents about the quality of education their
children get from online classes in Quezon Province
Population:
Sample:
5. The characteristics of the most likable teachers according to students
Population:
Sample:

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19 Module 14
 Module 14 20
CO_Q3_Statistics and Probability SHS
What I Know What's In
1. B 1. All Filipinos
2. C 2. 109,369,019
3. C 3. Tested individuals
4. D 4. 131, 786
5. D 5. No, not all Filipinos have equal
6. B chances of being selected
7. D 6. Beneficiaries of SAP in Brgy.
8. C Pagkakaisa
9. C 7. 400 families
10. A 8. Randomly selected beneficiaries
11. A 9. 50 families
12. B 10. Yes, there is randomization wherein
13. D each beneficiary has an equal
14. C chance of being selected.
15. A
What’s New
I. II.
1. B 1. Simple
2. A 2. Systematic
3. C 3. Systematic
4. D 4. Stratified
5. Cluster
Answer Key
 Module 14 21
CO_Q3_Statistics and Probability SHS
What’s More
Independent Practice
1. Systematic
2. Stratified
3. Simple
4. Cluster
5. Simple
Independent Assessment
1. C
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. A
Assessment
1. B or D
2. C
3. C
4. D
5. B
6. D
7. C
8. A
9. D
10. B
11. C
12. D
13. B
14. A
15. C
References
Books

Belecina, Rene S., Baccay, Elisa S., and Mateo, Efren B. Statistics and Probability.
Manila: REX Book Store, 2016.

Mercado, Jesus P. and Orines, Fernando B. Next Century Mathematics Statistics &
Probability. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, 2016.

Blay, Basilia E. Elementary Statistics. Mandaluyong City: Anvil Publishing, Inc.,

2007.

Websites

"COVID-19 Pandemic in the Philippines." Wikipedia. May 24, 2020.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines.

"Philippines Population (LIVE)." Worldometer.

https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/philippines-population/

CO_Q3_Statistics and Probability SHS

22 Module 14
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]