Module 1

Basketball is a crew sport, where there are two teams of five players each
simultaneously playing on the same court. The game is also commonly referred to as
hoops.  The inventor of this game meant to keep the sports indoors. But later on
basketball popularized as an excellent outdoor game and is played today in all major
sports events, like the Olympics and the Paralympics and that is why basketball is a
very competitive game.

           The game basketball continues to conquer the attention of the entire world due
to its characteristics and fast phase type of the game and numerous benefits that we
derived from playing it. In the Philippines, basketball is everywhere even on gritty
street corners of the country. The love and passion of the Filipinos in this game is
unmeasurable. No doubt we are the best basketball fans in the world.

Objectives of Basketball
The main objective in basketball is to score more points against the opposing team. In
doing these you need to shoot the basketball through the hoop of your opponent as
often as possible. On the other hand( secondary objective) your team need  to defend
your goal/hoop to limit your opponent to score more points against your team.

 Brief History of Basketball

Invented by Dr. James Naismith a Canadian physical education instructor at
the International Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) training school in
Springfield, Massachusetts during 1891.
At first the newly invented game basketball as it’s known today serves as a
supplementary activity to condition young athletes during winter season.
Naismith was tasked to create an indoor sports game to help athletes keep in
shape in cold weather.
It consisted of peach basket and a soccer ball. 
The objective of the game was to throw the ball into the fruit (peach) baskets
nailed to the lower railing of the gym balcony.
The problem is every time a point was scored, the game was halted so that the
janitor could bring out a ladder and retrieve the ball.
After a while, the bottoms of the fruit baskets were removed to get and return
the ball easily.
The first public basketball game was played in Springfield, Massachusetts, on
March 11, 1892.
World basketball was growing , but it was on June 18, 1932 that a real
international organization was formed, to coordinate tournaments and teams: that
day , Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Romania and
Switzerland founded the International Basketball Federation also known as FIBA
( Federation Internationale de basketball Amateur)
1936 is the first inclusion of Basketball in the Berlin, Olympics
In the Philippines basketball was first introduced to the public school system
by the Americans as a women’s sport in 1910.
The Philippine Basketball Association is a men’s professional basketball
league in the Philippines founded in 1975 and the first commercial league in South-
east Asia.
Module 2

Basketball is a game filled with all sorts of lingo and slang. Game analysts can throw
around terms that may sound like a foreign language. Like any major sport, basketball
features its own extensive vocabulary of unique words and phrases used by players,
coaches, sports journalists, commentators and even fans. 
          Becoming familiar with the many different basketball terms is one of the
toughest challenges for all new coaches, plyers and even learners. This module will
help you to the most common basketball terms you will hear during a basketball
practice or game. Don’t expect to learn all these at once.
Instead, whenever you hear a word or phrase you’re unsure of return to this module to
find out what it means and how you can learn more.

Air Ball: The ball misses the hoop and backboard entirely.
Alley-oop: A high arc pass to a teammate in a position near the basket to leap and
score.
Assist: A pass that sets up a score.
Backboard: The surface to which the basket is mounted.
Back Court: Area of the court farthest from the offensive team's goal.
Back Door Cut: A player approaches quickly from behind a defender toward the
basket.
Baselines: Also known as "end lines", the boundary lines extending across both ends
of the court behind the baskets.
Blocked Shot: A shot deflected on its way to the basket.
Blocking: Using the body to block an opponent.
Box Out:
Carrying the Ball: Also called "palming"; an illegal dribbling of the ball with both
hands at the same time, turning the ball over in your hands, or placing the hands
underneath the ball as if holding or carrying it.
Cut: A quick advance by the offense toward a position to shoot or receive the ball.
Cylinder: The closely guarded circular area above the basket.
Dead Ball: A ball that is not "alive" or in play.
Defense: The team not in possession of the ball.
Double Team: Two teammates move in to guard one offensive player.
Down Court: Moving from the back court toward the offensive basket.
Down Screen: An offensive player moves toward the baseline to set a screen.
Drive: A brisk advance toward the basket with the aim of shooting.
End Lines: Otherwise known as "baselines"; the lines that run the width of the court
behind the baskets.
Fake: A deceptive move by the offense in order to offset the defense.
Fast Break: A rush down court to beat the opponent to the basket.
Field Goal: A basket made while the ball is in play.
Flagrant Foul: Excessive or aggressive contact with an opponent.
Free-throw: A free shot taken from the foul line awarded a player whose opponent
committed a foul.
Free-throw Lane: Also called "the key", the area designated for free-throws 12 feet
wide and running from the baseline to the free-throw line.
Free-throw Line: The foul line.
Goal-tending: Intercepting a shot that is either in the basket, or directly above it.
Hand Check: A defender fouls by touching the opposing ball handler with one or
both hands too many times.
Held Ball: Two opposing players attempt but fail to possess the ball.
High Post: The area near the free-throw line.
Hoop: Another word for basket.
Inbounds Pass: A toss of the ball inbounds from out-of-bounds.

In the Paint: Refers to the area within the free-throw lane that is painted a different
color than the rest of the court.
Jab Step: Small sharp step with the non-pivot foot toward the defense player.
Jump Ball: The ball tossed into the air by the referee between two opposing players
in order to start the game.
Jump Shot: A shot in which an offensive player's feet leave the floor.
Lane Violation: Moving into the lane in an attempt to intercept a possible rebound on
a foul shot before the ball actually hits the rim.
Lay-up: Advancing close to the basket in an effort to bank a shot off the backboard.
Live Ball: A ball in play.
Loading the Gun: Preparing to shoot with a cock of the wrist.
Low Post: The area close to the basket.
Man-to-man Defense: One-on-one guarding of opponents.
Mid-court Line: The center line dividing the front from the back courts.
Offense: The team in possession of the ball.
Off the Dribble: Shooting the ball while advancing toward the basket.
Offensive Rebound: A rebound taken by an offensive player.
Out-of-Bounds: Outside the end lines and sidelines.
Perimeter: The part of the court that extends beyond the foul circle.
Personal Foul: Contacting a player in a way that may injure him.
Pick: An offensive player sets up a screen.
Pivot: The center position; also the foot that remains stationary until a dribbler passes
the ball.
Possession: To have the ball.
Post Up: To be in a position near, but facing away from, the basket in order to receive
a pass.
Power Layup Shot: A closely-guarded layup shot.
Press: Defense strategy with intent to force opponents into erring by guarding them
too closely.
Rebound: Gaining possession of the ball after it bounces off the backboard or rim on
a missed shot.
Screen: A offense player is positioned between a teammate and the opponent to clear
the way for the teammate's shot at the basket.
Shot: To throw the ball toward the basket.
Shot Clock: A device that keeps track of the limited time the team in possession of
the ball has to take a shot at the basket.
Starting Lineup: The five players that begin the game.
Strong Side: The side of the court containing the live ball.
Substitute: A player comes in to replace a teammate on the court.
Team Fouls: The number of fouls that a team has against it before going over the
limit and its opponent is awarded a free-throw.
Tip Off: The jump that starts the game.
Top-of-the-key: The arc that runs beyond the free-throw lane.
Transition: A team switches from offense to defense, and vice versa.
Trap: Two defense players team up on the ball handler.
Traveling: Also known as "walking"; a violation in which the ball handler takes
fewer than two steps without dribbling, or holds the ball while changing or moving
the pivot foot.
Turnover: The offensive team gives the ball up to defense.
"V"-cut: Switching quickly from one direction to the other in order to get a shot.
Violation: Breaking of a rule not resulting in a free-throw, but rather a throw-in.
Weak Side: The side of the court absent the live ball.
Zone Defense: A defender carefully guards an area.

Module 3

The Basketball Facility

The size of the court depends on the playing level. The size of the court for NBA and
College games is 94 feet long and 50 feet wide. It is smaller for High School and
Junior High.
The Backboard and Rim

The regulation height above the ground for the rim (hoop) is 10 feet, and the rim is 18
inches in diameter. Backboards are 6 feet wide (72 inches) by 42 inches tall, with the
inner square being 24 inches wide by 18 inches tall.

The Foul Line

For all size courts the 'foul line' is 15 feet in front of the backboard.
The Key
The key is 12 feet wide and is the same for all basketball courts. The backboard
extends 4 feet out over the baseline into the key. A half circle of diameter 6 foot
extends from the foul line away from the basket to complete the key.
The 3 Point Line (Arc)
For NBA Basketball Courts the 3-point arc is 22 feet to the center of the rim on the
sides with a straight line extending out 16 feet 9 inches from the baseline. Past those
points the line extends out 23 feet 9 inches from the center of the rim.
Line Markings
All line markings on the floor are 2 inches wide and can vary in color.
The Basketball Equipment

The Ball

The most important thing for training is the ball. There are certain guidelines which
one needs to follow when buying a basketball. For practicing, one can play with a
rubber ball. For professional competitions, one needs to use an inflated ball made of
leather.

Official size of a basketball is 29.5 to 30 inches in circumference for men’s game and
28.5 inches in circumference for women’s game. It should weigh 18 to 22 ounces.
When bounced off 6 feet from the floor, a well inflated ball should bounce 49 to 54
inches in height.

Shoes

One needs specialized shoes when playing basketball. It should be able to give better
support to the ankle as compared to running shoes. The basketball shoes should be
high-tipped shoes and provide extra comfort during a game. These shoes are specially
designed to maintain high traction on the basketball court.

Uniforms

The most important requirement for a team is to have a uniform. This helps one
differentiate teams from one another. A uniform consists of a jersey (shirt), shorts,
numbers on the front and back of the shirts for identification.

Module 5
Every movement that we do has a connection in the division of our body, and
we must know the limit of each division movement coverage to avoid injuries. As we
move, we perform Axial (non-locomotor) and locomotor even in the simplest change
in our position. In this module learners are expected to think about the different
anatomical divisions of the body, differentiate and perform Axial and Locomotor
movement and formulate routines containing the types of movement…

Dribbling - one of the fundamentals of playing basketball.Any good player knows

they need to keep the ball moving if they want to keep moving.

Passing - way for players to move the ball on the court between teammates from one
place to another.

Shooting - One of basketball’s basic skills, and one new players are typically eager to
learn. While some players specialize in certain types of shots, all-around players learn
as many as possible to maximize their scoring options

Stealing -occurs when a defensive player legally causes a turnover by his positive,
aggressive action 

Rebounding - Gaining clear possession of the ball after a missed field goal or free
throw attempt

Module 6

The rules of basketball can vary slightly depending on the level of play (for example
professional rules differ from college rules) or where the game is played (international
rules are different from USA professional rules ands also in our professional league
the PBA). These rule differences, however, are usually just variations on the basic
game of basketball and the majority of the rules discussed below can be applied to
most any game of basketball played. 

Simplified Rules in BASKETBALL

The winner of a basketball game is the team with the most points. You get points by
throwing the basketball through the opponent's hoop or basket. In regular play a
basket made from within the three point line is worth 2 points and a basket shot from
outside the three point line is worth three points. When shooting a free throw, each
free throw is worth 1 point.

Rules for offense

The basketball team on offense is the team with the basketball. When a player has the
basketball there are certain rules they must follow:

1) The player must bounce, or dribble, the ball with one hand while moving both feet.
If, at any time, both hands touch the ball or the player stops dribbling, the player must
only move one foot. The foot that is stationary is called the pivot foot. 

2) The basketball player can only take one turn at dribbling. In other words, once a
player has stopped dribbling they cannot start another dribble. A player who starts
dribbling again is called for a double-dribbling violation and looses the basketball to
the other team. A player can only start another dribble after another player from either
team touches or gains control of the basketball. This is usually after a shot or pass. 

3) The ball must stay in bounds. If the offensive team looses the ball out of bounds the
other team gets control of the basketball. 

4) The players hand must be on top of the ball while dribbling. If they touch the
bottom of the basketball while dribbling and continue to dribble this is called carrying
the ball and the player will lose the ball to the other team. 

5) Once the offensive team crosses half court, they may not go back into the
backcourt. This is called a backcourt violation. If the defensive team knocks the ball
into the backcourt, then the offensive team can recover the ball legally.

Defensive Rules
The team on defense is the team without the basketball. 

1) The main rule for the defensive player is not to foul. A foul is described as gaining
an unfair advantage through physical contact. There is some

interpretation that must be made by the referee, but, in general, the defensive player
may not touch the offensive player in a way that causes the offensive player to lose
the ball or miss a shot.

Rules for everyone

1) Although the foul rule is described above as a defensive rule, it applies exactly the
same to all players on the court including offensive players.
2) Basketball players cannot kick the ball or hit it with their fist. 
3) No player can touch the basketball while it is traveling downward towards the
basket or if it is on the rim. This is called goaltending. 

Basketball Court

What is it called when you use both hands at the same time to dribble?DOUBLE
DRIBBLING

What is it called when a person touches the ball on its way into the cylinder?
GOALTENDING

What is it called when a person takes too many steps with the ball without bouncing
it?TRAVELING

How many points are awarded when a shot inside the paint is made? 2
The player that brings the ball down court and runs the offense is called the
________?INBOUNDER

Module 7

In playing any sport, it is essential to know the hand signals or gestures delivered by
the officiating officials.  It is their way of communicating to the players when rules
are followed or violated.

A basketball official’s job is not only to make judgment calls on what happens during
the game but also to make sure players, coaches and the scorekeepers understand what
those calls are. That is why basketball referees use hand signals to indicate certain
fouls or violations. Understanding these hand signals can also help spectators
understand what is going on during the game.

Substitution and Time Out

Substitution – (Cross forearms) A substitution is an interruption of the game requested

by the substitute to become a player.
Beckoning In – (Open palm, wave towards the body) when an official allows the
player to play in the court.
Charged Time Out – (Form T, show index finger) A time-out is an interruption of the
game requested by the head coach or first assistant coach.

Informative:

Communication – thumbs up.

Shot Clock Reset – Rotate hand, extend index finger
Direction of play / Out of bounds – (Point in any direction of play, arm parallel to the
sidelines) The ball is out-of-bounds when it touches: 
• A player or any other person who is out-of-bounds. 
• The floor or any object above, on or outside the boundary line. 
• The backboard supports, the back of the backboards or any object above the playing
court.

Held ball/Jump ball – Thumbs up, then point in direction of play using the alternating
possession arrow.

Violations:

Travelling – (rotate fists) is the illegal movement of one foot or both feet beyond the
limits outlined in this article, in any direction, while holding a live ball on the playing
court.
Illegal dribble: Double dribbling – (patting motion with palm) A dribble is the
movement of a live ball caused by a player in control of that ball who throws, taps,
rolls or bounces the ball on the floor. It starts when a player, having gained control of
a live ball on the playing court throws, taps, rolls or bounces it on the floor and
touches it again before it touches another player. A dribble ends when the player
touches the ball with both hands simultaneously or permits the ball to come to rest in
one or both hands. During a dribble, the ball may be thrown into the air provided the
ball touches the floor or another player before the player who threw it touches it again
with his hand. There is no limit to the number of steps a player may take when the
ball is not in contact with his hand.
Illegal dribbling: Carrying the ball – half rotation with palm.
3 seconds – (Arms extended show 3 fingers) A player shall not remain in the
opponents' restricted area for more than 3 consecutive seconds while his team is in
control of a live ball in the frontcourt and the game clock is running.
5 seconds – (show 5 fingers) a player must pass the ball in inbound not later than 5
seconds.
8 seconds – (show 8 fingers) Whenever a player in the backcourt gains control of a
live ball, or on a throw-in, the ball touches or is legally touched by any player in the
backcourt and the team of that player taking the throw-in remains in control of the
ball in its backcourt, that team must cause the ball to go into its frontcourt within 8
seconds.
24 seconds – (fingers touch shoulder) Whenever: a player gains control of a live ball
on the playing court, On a throw-in, the ball touches or is legally touched by any
player on the playing court and the team of that player taking the throw-in remains in
control of the ball, that team must attempt a shot for a field goal within 24 seconds.
Ball returned to backcourt – (wave arm front of body) A team is in control of a live
ball in its frontcourt when: a player of that team is touching his frontcourt with both
feet while holding, catching or dribbling the ball in his frontcourt, or the ball is passed
between the players of that team in its frontcourt.
Deliberate football – (Point to the foot) when a player deliberately kicks the ball.

Types of Fouls: 

Foul – (Hand up closed fist) A foul is an infraction of the rules concerning illegal
personal contact with an opponent and/or unsportsmanlike behavior.
Holding – (grasp wrist downwards) Holding is illegal personal contact with an
opponent that interferes with his freedom of movement. This contact (holding) can
occur with any part of the body.
Blocking defense/Illegal screening – (Both hands on hips) Blocking is illegal personal
contact which impedes the progress of an opponent with or without the ball. 
Pushing or Charging without the ball – (Imitate push) Pushing is illegal personal
contact with any part of the body where a player forcibly moves or attempts to move
an opponent with or without the ball.

Illegal use of hands – (strike wrist) when a player uses his hand to strike his opponent.
Charging with the ball – (Clench fist strike open palm) Charging is illegal personal
contact, with or without the ball, by pushing or moving into an opponent’s torso
Illegal contact to the hand – (strike palm towards the other forearm)
Excessive swinging of elbows – (swing elbow backwards) when a player forcibly uses
his elbow with an intention to hurt his opponent.

Special Fouls:
Double Foul – (wave clenched fists on both hands) A double foul is a situation in
which 2 opponents commit personal fouls on each other at approximately the same
time.
Technical Foul – (Form T, showing palms) A technical foul is a player non-contact
foul of a behavioural nature including, but not limited to: 
• Disregarding warnings given by officials. 
• Disrespectfully dealing and/or communicating with the officials, the commissioner,
the table officials, the opponents or persons permitted to sit on the team benches. 
• Using language or gestures likely to offend or incite the spectators. 
• Baiting and taunting an opponent. 
• Obstructing the vision of an opponent by waving/placing his hand(s) near his eyes.
• Excessive swinging of elbows. 
• Delaying the game by deliberately touching the ball after it passes through the
basket or by preventing a throw-in or a free throw from being taken promptly. 
• Fake being fouled. 
• Hanging on the ring in such a way that the weight of the player is supported by the
ring, unless a player grasps the ring momentarily following a dunk shot or, in the
judgement of an official, is trying to prevent injury to himself or to another player. 

Unsportsmanlike foul – (grasp wrist upwards) An unsportsmanlike foul is a player

contact foul which, in the judgement of an official is: 
• Not a legitimate attempt to directly play the ball within the spirit and intent of the
rules. 
• Excessive, hard contact caused by a player in an effort to play the ball or an
opponent.