PERIODIC TABLE MULTIPLE CHOICE ANSWER ONLY

Answer Sheet
1. (c) Atomic number
2. (a) On the right-hand side of the periodic table.
3. (a) 2nd group, 3rd period
4. (b) Law of Octaves
5. (d) Be Mg Ca
6. (b) Atomic number
7. (d) The valence electrons increase.
8. (b) Valency = 2
9. (b) L shell
10. (a) 2
11. (d) 11 – An element with atomic number 11 electronic configuration 2,8,1 which is metal sodium Na will
form basic oxide
12. (c) They are radioactive in nature
13. (a) groups
14. (b) Group number
15. (a) Non-metals usually forms acidic oxide. From the option, non-metal is one which has atomic number 7
which is nitrogen.
16. (b) decreases
17. (c) atomic number
18. (d) metallic character increases.
19. (b) Moseley
19. (d) The atoms lose their electrons more easily -On moving from left to right across the period, the non-
metallic character increases. Hence the tendency to lose electrons decreases. So the given statement is
incorrect.
20. (c) Valence- Valence electrons increase from left to right in a period and remain same from top to bottom
in a group. Atomic radii and metallic character increases down the group.
20.(b) decreases - atomic radius decreases when we move from left to right in a period. Hence, size of atom
also decreases
21.(d) 2nd group - Element with electronic configuration 2,8,2 belongs to 3rd period and 2nd group. The
valence electrons give us the idea of group numbers. As the electrons are divided into 3 different shell
therefore the period number is 3.
22. (c) atomic number
23.(d) 2nd group
25. (d) Group 18
26. (b) 37, 19, 3, 55 - The atomic number of elements are 3, 11, 19, 37, 55.
The electronic configuration of elements will be
3 = 2, 1
11 = 2, 8, 1
19 = 2, 8, 8, 1
37 = 2, 8, 8, 18, 1
55 = 2, 8, 8, 18, 18, 1
The pattern shows that all elements have 1 electron in their outermost valence shell and all these elements
belong to alkali metals.
27. (b) Metalloid - Atomic number 14 is for Silicon element which is a metalloid and exhibits properties of both
metals and non-metals. It has 4 electrons in its valence shell so tends to form covalent acidic oxide like non-
metals.
28. (a) electron affinity
29. (c) A2B3 - The first element A, has 3 electrons in it's outermost shell, thus it valency is 3.The second element
B, has 6 electrons in it's outermost shell, thus it's valency is 2.
30. (b) Li < Be < C < O < F
34. (c) E2O3
35. (b) B, C

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36. (d) Number of valence electrons

37. (d) P
35 (d) F, O, N
36. (a) A and C
37. (b) F - Smaller the atomic radius of an element, more difficult is lose electron. Among Na, F, Mg and Al, F
has the smallest size. Also, it contains 7 electrons in its valence shell and it is most electronegative element.
Hence, it does not lose an electron easily rather it grains an electron easily.
38.(b) (ii), (iii) and (iv) This answer is not correct
39. (b) Group -1. The element X belongs to Group 1 as its electronic configuration is 2, 8, 8, 1.As Atomic
number = Mass number - Number of Neutrons. Atomic number = 40-21 =19.Hence, its electronic
configuration is 2,8,8,1.

40.(c) They are metallic in nature.

41.(b) Calcium
42.(c) increasing atomic masses
43.(d) 8O and 16S
44.(c) 14th group
45.(c) K
46.(c) A and C
47.(c) Valence electrons
48.(b) Calcium
49.(b) Group 3
50.(c) K
51.(b) Group 18
52.(c) L shell
53.(c) The atoms lose their electrons more easily
54.(d) sixth
55.(c) Argon
56.(a) 5
57.(c) 210
58.(b) 8
59.(a) gallium and germanium
60.(b) increase

61.(b) Non-metals
62.(b) W
63.(d) 126
65.
Column I Column II
(a) Highest electronegativity (P) Caesium
(b) Highest electron affinity (q) Ruthenium
(c) Highest electro positivity (r) Fluorine
(d) Highest oxidation number (s) Chlorine

66.
Column I Column II
(a) F (p) Metallic oxide

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 PERIODIC TABLE MULTIPLE CHOICE ANSWER ONLY

(b) Na (q) Noble gas

(r) group 1, alkali
(c) Ne
metal
(s) Halogen, group-
(d) Na2O
17

67.
Column I Column II
(a) P (q) Mg
(b) Q (s) O
(c) R (r) Ne
(d) T (P) P
(e) U (t) Ar

68.
Across: Down:
  2. Sodium
1. Magnesium 5. Lithium
3. Tin 6. Neon
4. Iodine 7. Astatine
  8. Iron
  9. Boron
69.
a. Atomic Number
b. Atomic Number
c. Valency electron
d. period
e. Alkali , earth
f. inert
g. …..(normal)
h.
i.
j.

70. Period 2 and Group 13 - Boron and Period 3 and Group 17 - Chlorin
71.Lithium and Sodium are alkali metal and they belong to first group
72.Be and Mg are alkaline earth metals and they belong to second group
74.
(i) (a) As one moves from left to right in a period, the metallic character of an element decreases and then it
changes to the non-metallic character.
(b) As one moves from top to bottom in the period, the metallic character of the elements increases.
(ii) The valency of elements with respect to hydrogen is stated as under:
I group + 1 , II group + 2 ,III group + 3 ,IV group – 4 ,V group – 3,VI group – 2 ,VII group -1
(iii) (a) The valency of element silicon is – 4.
(b) Silicon will form a covalent compound with hydrogen.
(iv) Sodium is the most metallic and chlorine is the most non-metallic element.
75.
1. The most electronegative is J.
2. Valence electrons present in G are 5.
3. B contains 1 valence electron and H contains 6 valence electrons. So, the valency of B is +1 and
the valency of H is - 2.
4. In the compound between F and J, the type of bond formed will be covalent.

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5. The electron dot structure for the compound formed between C and K is

76.
77.
78. (i) Oxygen and sulphur  (ii) Chromium  (iii) Calcium  (iv) Sulphur  (v) Calcium  (vi) Calcium  (vii) Chromium 
(viii) Silicon  (ix) Helium and Krypton  (x) Chromic acid produced by chromium. 

79.Classification of elements into metals, non – metals and metalloids could not serve the purpose because
the elements within a category also show characteristic differences in properties
80.Dobereiner classified elements on the basis of atomic weights.
81.According to Dobereiner’s classification, the elements are grouped into triads in which the atomic weight of
the middle element is the approximate average of the atomic weights of the other two elements.
82.Dobereiner’s classification has a major drawback in that only few elements could be grouped into triads
which reflected proper trends in properties.
83.Newland
84.According to the law of octaves, the properties of every eighth element is a kind of repetition of the first.
85.The classification of the law of octaves could hold good only upto atomic weight 40 and failed beyond that.
86.Mendeleev
87.Atomic weight
88.According to Mendeleev, the properties of elements were related to their atomic weights. On this basis, he
formulated his periodic law which states that the physical and chemical properties of the elements are the
periodic functions of their atomic weights.
89.63
90.Groups
91.8 groups
92.Periods
93.7 periods
93.Zero group
95.Period 7
96.(a) Mendeleev left some gaps for some undiscovered elements in the periodic table. The properties of
these elements could be predicted based on the properties of other elements present in the same group. He
named these missing elements as Eka boron, Eka aluminium and Eka silicon which were later discovered and
named as scandium, gallium and germanium respectively.
(b) Mendeleev corrected the doubtful atomic weights of some elements like indium, beryllium and uranium.
97.Ans – (a) In certain parts of the periodic table, element with a higher atomic weight was placed before that
of the lower atomic weight in order to maintain the gradation in properties. These are known as anomalous
pairs. Examples of anomalous pairs are :
(i) Co – 58.9 and Ni – 58.6
(ii) Te – 127.6 and I – 126.9
(iii) Ar – 39.94 and K – 39.10
(b) The isotopes of an element have different atomic weights. But there is no position for the isotopes in
Mendeleev’s periodic table.
(c) Three groups of three transition elements are placed in group 8 of the periodic table. They should have
been given separate positions.
(d) Transition elements were placed with other elements under the same group.
(e) Coinage metals were placed along with alkali metals.

98.Ans – The significance of Mendeleev’s periodic table lies in the fact that the concept of periodicity in
properties and the resultant arrangement of elements into a periodic table originated from Mendeleev’s
classification of elements.
99.Ans – After the discovery of fundamental particles, it has been established that electrons only take part in
chemical reactions. Therefore, Moseley considered atomic number as the fundamental characteristic of
elements.

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100.Ans – The atomic number i.e., the total nuclear charge is used as basis of the modern periodic table.
101.Ans – The modern periodic law states that “the physical and chemical properties of elements are the
periodic functions of their atomic numbers or electronic configurations”.
102.Ans – 7 periods
103.Ans – 18 groups
104.Ans – Period 1
105.Ans – 2 elements
106.Ans – Hydrogen and Helium
107.Ans – 1 shell
108.Ans – Period 2 and Period 3
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.Answer: (b) Increases
SOLUTION: Down the group no of atomic orbit around the nucleus increases and atomic radius increases.
114.Answer: (c) Decreases
SOLUTION: Down the group due to an increase in size tendency to accept electron decreases and
electronegativity decreases.
115Answer: (b) Nonmetal
SOLUTION: Nonmetals have a tendency to accept electrons.
116Answer: (b) Increases
SOLUTION: From the left to the right tendency to accept electrons increases to get stability. So, electron
affinity increases.
117Answer: (b) Increases
SOLUTION: From the left to the right tendency to accept electrons increases to get stability. So, the non-
metallic character increases.
118Answer: (a) Remains unchanged
119Answer: (a) True
120Answer: (b) Electron affinity
121Answer: (b) Be
122Answer: (c) Decreases
SOLUTION: Due to effective nuclear charge atomic size from left to right across a period decrease.
Answer 123: Germanium is Eka-silicon. The formula is GeCl4.Gallium is Eka-aluminium. The formula is GaCl3.
Answer124: Eka-aluminium represents gallium (Ga) with valency three and Eka-silicon is for germanium (Ge)
with valency four. The formulae of their respective chlorides are GaCl3 and GeCl4.
Answer125: Eight (8).
Answer126: The halogen elements are the six elements in Group 17 of the periodic table. Group 17 occupies
the second column from the right in the periodic table and contains fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br),
iodine (I), astatine (At), and tennessine (Ts).
Answer127: Gold (Au) and platinum (Pt).
Answer128: Ge < Ga Mg < Ca < K.
Answer129: Henry Moseley, a scientist, proposed the Modern Periodic Law.
Answer130: Groups are the vertical columns/vertical lines in the periodic table.
Answer131: Periods are the horizontal rows in the periodic table.
Answer132: Hydrogen (H) and Helium (He).
Answer:133(a) ACl2 , (b) AO.
Answer134: These elements are called alkaline earths because their oxides are alkaline in nature and exist in
the earth.
Answer135: The second alkali metal is sodium (Na). Its electronic configuration is 2, 8, 1.
Answer136: Those elements which show some properties of both metals and non-metals are called metalloids .
Examples: Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, Tellurium and Polonium.
Answer137: Beryllium (Be, group II A) ,gold (Au, group II B),platinum (Pt, group VIII).

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Answer138: The elements are: arsenic (As) , antimony (Sb) ,germanium (Ge).
Answer 139: Helium.
Answer 140: The most metallic elements is francium (group 1) and most non-metallic element is fluorine
(group 17).
Answer141:Lithium (Li), Beryllium (Be) and Boron (B) are the metal elements among first ten elements in the
Modern Periodic Table.
Answer142 :They have the same number of shells.
Answer143: The element with configuration 2, 8, 6 (Z = 16) is sulphur. It belongs to the oxygen family.
Answer144: According to Doeringer’s triad, atomic mass of strontium is the arithmetic means of Ca and Ba as
strontium lies between Ca and Ba. Atomic mass of Sr = 40+1372=1772=88.5
Answer 145: Oxygen is divalent in nature. The valency of magnesium in magnesium oxide is + 2. The formula of
magnesium chloride is MgCl2 since chlorine has valency equal to one.
Answer 146: This statement is wrong. The number of valence electrons in an element of group 17 = 17 – 10 =
7. Therefore, the valency of the element = 8 – 7 = 1
Answer147: Gold (Au) , Platinum (Pt). ,
Answer148: No, they should be placed in the same slot because the modern periodic table is based on the
atomic number of the elements.
Answer149: Two properties of the elements belonging to the first group :
(i) As the elements belong to group 1, so they have one electron in their outermost shell hence, valency of
these elements is one.
(ii) Alkali metals (group 1 elements) are electropositive in nature.
Answer150: Elements of first group have one valence electron each in their atoms. All the elements of group 1
have the same valency of 1. All elements belonging to group 1 have one electron in the valence shell while all
elements belonging to group 2 have two electrons in their valence shell.
Answer151: Y will be Li because of 3 atomic number. So, Formula of Compound will be YA.
Answer152: Valence electrons.
Answer153: X2O3
Answer154: Ionic bond
Answer155: The arrangement of these elements is known as Dobereiner triad. Example, Lithium, sodium and
Potassium.
Answer156: In a given group, the atomic radii increases on moving down the group. Therefore, the
arrangement of the given elements in the increasing order of their atomic numbers is as follows: Z, Y, X.
Answer 157:(a) F and Cl are first and eighth element in the above sequence, therefore, they have similar
properties.
Please note that although Na and K have similar properties but they are not related as first and eighth element
in the above sequence.
(b) This sequence represents Newland’s Law of Octaves.
Answer158: According to Mendeleev’s periodic law “Physical and chemical properties of elements are periodic
function of their atomic masses”.
If elements are arranged in the increasing order of atomic masses, elements with similar properties lies after a
certain interval in the periodic table.

Answer 159: The position of the element hydrogen is still not clear even in the Modern Periodic Table. If
hydrogen loses its electron, then it comes in a category of alkali metal and if it gains 1 electron then it comes in
the halogen group. Therefore, properties of hydrogen lie between alkali metals and halogen groups and hence
it gets a unique position in the periodic table

Answer 160: Since element “X’ is placed in group 14, therefore, its valency is 14 – 10 = 4. Further, since it is
difficult to either lose all the four valence electrons or gain four more electrons, therefore, it prefers to share
these four electrons to acquire the stable electronic configuration of the nearest inert gas. Its formula will be
XCl4. Thus, the nature of the chloride of element ‘X’ is covalent.

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Answer 161: Atomic number corresponds to the number of electron in an atom or it reflects the electronic
configuration of the element. The elements having similar electronic configurations can then be placed
together in the same group, it helps in the systematic classification of elements
On the other hand, the atomic mass of an element does not provide the electronic configuration of an
element, so atomic number is more fundamental property for classification of elements.

Answer 162: The following reasons can be assigned for practical utility of classification of elements:
 To make the study of chemical elements easier.
 To correct atomic masses of various elements.
 To discover new elements.

Answer 163:
(i) (a) All these elements are metals. ,(b) All these elements have a valency of 2.,(ii) The usual name of this
group or family is alkaline earth metals.

Answer 164: The electronic configuration of an atom of an element gives its position in the modern periodic
table.
(i) The ‘period number’ of an element is equal to the number of electron shells in its atom.
(ii)The group number of an element having up to two valence electrons is equal to the number of valence
electrons.
(iii)The group number of an element having more than 2 valence electrons is equal to the number of valence
electrons plus 10.
Example: If the electronic configuration of an element is 2, 8, 7.
Then its period number is 3 as it has three electrons’ shells.
Its group number is 17 as it has 7 valence electrons. (∵ Group no. = 7 + 10 = 17)

Answer 165:(i) The electronic configurations of the two elements are: X (Z = 17) 2, 8, 7 ; Y (Z = 20) 2, 8, 8, 2.
Element X is present in group 17 (halogen family) since it has 7 valence electrons. Element Y is placed in group
2 (alkaline earth family) since it has 2 valence electrons.
(ii) Element Y is a metal with valency 2 while element X is a non-metal with valency 1. Therefore, they two
combine to form compound YX2.

Answer 166:
(i) All the elements in a particular group have similar outer shell electronic configuration. Since chemical
properties of an element are determined mainly by the outer shell configuration, all the elements in a group
have similar chemical properties.
(ii) All the elements in a period have different valence shell electronic configuration because they have
different number of electrons in the valence shell. Hence, the elements in a period have different chemical
properties.

Answer 167:(a) Since the elements X, Y and Z contain same number of electrons (n) in the valence shell
(outermost shell), they belong to the same group.
(b) In a group, the atomic radius increases on descending the group. Therefore, the element X with the
smallest atomic radius is at the top of the group and the element Z having largest atomic radius is at the
bottom.
Now, we know metallic character increases as we move from top to bottom in a group. Therefore, the least
metallic element is X.

Answer168:(a) (i) Li (3), Be (4), B (5), C (6), N (7), O (8), F (9)

(ii) The element Li has the largest atom. The element F has the smallest atom.
(b) Along a period, the nuclear charge increases and the electrons are attracted more towards the nucleus.
Therefore, the atomic size or atomic radius decreases as we move from left to the right along a period.

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Answer 169: Noble gas elements were not present in earth crust as minerals like other elements and were
present in air to a very small extent. Their atoms have stable electronic configuration of their outermost shells
also called valence shells. (2 in case of He and 8 for other elements). They do not combine with atoms of other
elements. That is why, noble gas elements were discovered at a later stage.

Answer 170:(i) 19K , (ii) 4Be, 20Ca belong to the same group.
Electronic configuration of K (19) = 2, 8, 8, 1 Valency of K = 1
Electronic configuration of X (2, 8, 7) Valency of X = 1
The formula of the compound formed is KX. The compound KX is of ionic nature. The bond is formed by
transference of electrons.

Answer 171:(1) Na has the largest atomic radius because on moving from left to right in the periodic table, the
atomic radius decreases due to increase in positive charge on the nucleus which pulls the outermost electrons
closer to the nucleus and the size of atom decreases.
(2) Al is least reactive because on moving from left to right in the periodic table the nuclear charge increases
and the valence electrons are pulled in closer to the nucleus. Therefore, the tendency to lose electrons
decreases and hence reactivity decreases.

Answer 172 : Number of groups is 18 and number of periods in the modern periodic table is 7.
(a) All the elements in a group have the same valency. Ongoing down in a group, the atomic size increases
because a new shell of electrons is added to the atoms at every step.

(b) On moving from left to right in the periodic table, the valency of the elements first increases from 1 to 4
and then decreases to zero. On moving from left to right in a period, the metallic character of elements
decrease because on moving from left to right in a period, the electropositive character of elements decrease.

Answer 173:(i) From the above given electronic configuration we find that element X has 6 valence electrons in
the outermost shell), so the group number of element X in the periodic table is 6 + 10 = 16.
(ii) Element X has 3 electron shells (K, L and M) in its atom, so the period number of X is 3. That is, X belongs to
3rd period of the periodic table.
(iii) Element X has 6 valence electrons.
(iv) Element X has 6 valence electrons so it needs 2 more electrons to complete its octet (8 electrons in valence
shell) and become stable. Thus, the valency of element X is 2.

Answer 174:(a) Alkali metals are soft and reactive. For example, Na, K, etc.
(b) Limestone is calcium carbonate; therefore, the important constituent of limestone is calcium.
(c) Metals which exists in the liquid state at room temperature are Mercury (Hg).

Answer 175: Anomalies or defects of Mendeleev’s periodic classification of elements are as follows:
Position of hydrogen.
Position of isotopes: Isotopes of an element were not assigned separate places.
Elements which are chemically similar such as gold and platinum have been placed in separate groups.

Answer 176:(a) According to modern periodic law “physical and chemical properties of elements are periodic
function of their atomic numbers”.
(b) (i) Classification of elements on the basis of atomic number is closer to chemical properties.
(ii) No separate places for isotopes of an element are required.
(iii) In case of Ar and K, Ar has less atomic number so it should be placed before K according to the increasing
order of atomic number.

Answer 177:(i) The electronic configuration of element X (Z = 12) = 2, 8, 2

The electronic configuration of element Y (Z = 17) = 2, 8, 7
(ii) The bond formed will be of ionic nature. One atom of X will transfer 1 electron each to two atoms of Y.

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(iii) The formula of the compound is:

Answer 178:
(a) Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K)
(b) Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca)
(c) Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar)

Answer 179:
X and Y belong to same period.
X belongs to group ‘1’.
Y belongs to group ‘2’.
(i) Valence electron in X is 1 whereas valence electrons in Y are 2.
(ii) The valency of X is 1 whereas valency of Y is 2.
(iii) X is more metallic than Y because metallic character decreases on moving from left to right in a period.
(iv) The size of X is more than Y because size of the atom decreases on moving from left to right in a period.
(v) Oxide of X = X2O, Oxide of Y = YO
(vi) Chloride of X = XCl, Chloride of Y = YCl2

Answer 180:
(a) Since the elements have one valence electron, they are placed in group 1 (Alkali metals) in the order Li
(period = 2); Na (period = 3); K (period = 4).
(b) Since the reactivity of the elements increases down a group, the element Li is the least reactive chemically.
(c) Since the atomic size increases down a group, the element K has the large atomic size or atomic radius out
of these elements.
Answer 181:
(a) Because all groups do not contain metals and non-metals. For example, Alkali metal group contains metals
only.
(b) Atom of the elements in the same group have same number of electrons in the valence shell.
(c) Non-metallic character increases across a period with increase in atomic number.
(d) Reactivity increases with atomic number in a group but not across a period.

Answer 183:
(a) (i) H, P;
(ii) G, O;
(iii) A, I
(b) F
(c) 2, 7
Answer 183:
(i) The two other elements which are in the same group as carbon are: Silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge).
(ii) The two other elements which are in the same group as fluorine are : Chlorine (Cl) and bromine (Br).
(iii) The two other elements which are in the same group as sodium are : Lithium (Li) and potassium (K).
Answer 184:
The element with atomic number Z = 16 is sulphur. The electronic configuration of the element is 2, 8, 6.
(i) The number of valence electrons is 6
(ii) The valency of the element is 2 (8 – 6 = 2)
(iii) The group number of the element is 16.
(iv) The element is a non-metal.
(v) Since the element is non-metal, its oxide is acidic in nature. Actually, two oxides are formed. These are SO2
and SO3. Both are of acidic nature.
(vi) The formula of the chloride is SCl2.

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 PERIODIC TABLE MULTIPLE CHOICE ANSWER ONLY

Answer 190:
(a) The element X which is a yellow solid at room temperature and shows catenation and allotropy is sulphur
(S).
(b) The atomic number of sulphur is 16. Therefore, its electronic configuration is 2, 8, 6.
(c) Both SO2 and SO3 are major air pollutants.

(d) Since sulphur is a non-metal, therefore, both SO2 and SO3 are acidic oxides since they dissolve in water to

form the corresponding acids.

(e) Since sulphur contains six valence electrons, therefore, it lies in group 6 + 10 = 16. Further, since atomic
number of sulphur (S) is 16, it lies in the 3rd period.

Answer 193:
(a) (i) Number of valence electrons of the elements present in a group do not change.
(ii) The elements present in the same period have same number of shells.
(b) (i) The number of shells of elements in a group gradually increase downwards.
(ii) The number of valence electrons of the elements in moving from left to right along a period gradually
increase.
(iii) Atomic radius decreases from left to the right.
(iv) Atomic size increases down a group.
Answer 194:
(a) Periodicity in properties of elements with reference to the periodic table means the elements having similar
properties are repeated after certain intervals or periods and the elements are arranged in the tabular form.
(b) All the elements of the same group have similar properties because all the elements belonging to the same
group of the Periodic Table have same number of valence electrons.
(c) On moving from left to right in a period, the tendency of atoms to gain electrons increases because on
moving from left to right in a period the nuclear charge (positive charge on nucleus) increases due to gradual
increase in the number of protons so it becomes easier for the atoms to gain electrons.
Answer 195:
The vertical columns in a periodic table are called groups.
(i) All the elements of a group have the same number of valence electrons.
(ii) On moving down in a group, the number of occupied (filled) shells increases gradually.
(iii) On going down in a group the size of atoms increases because a new shell of electrons is added to the
atoms at every step.
(iv) On going down in a group the metallic character of elements increases.
(v) On moving down in a group, one more electron shell is added at every stage and size of the atom increases.
Thus valence electrons move more and more away from the nucleus and hold of the nucleus or nuclear charge
on valence electrons decreases.
Answer 196:
Valence Electronic
Element Period
electrons configuration

Be 2 2 2,2

Mg 2 3 2, 8, 2

Ca 2 4 2, 8, 8, 2

(i) All these elements belong to the 2nd group all have two electrons in their outermost shell.
(ii) Be is the least reactive metal because reactivity of metals increases in a period as the tendency to lose
electrons in a group increases.
Therefore, Be being the smallest in all the given elements of a period has its valance electrons nearest to the
nucleus. So the removal of electrons from its valance shell will be difficult.

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(iii) Ca has the largest atomic radius because it has maximum number of shells, i.e., 4.

Answer 197:
Element M with electronic configuration =

Total number of electrons = 2 + 8 + 2 = 12, i.e., the given element is Magnesium (Mg). Formula of compound
formed are:

Formula of compound = Mg (NO3)2

Formula of compound = MgSO4

Formula of compound = Mg3 (PO4)2

M will form ionic compound with radicals given. An ionic compound is a chemical compound comprising ions
held together by electrostatic forces. In this compound no sharing of electrons takes place.

Answer 199:
(a) X belongs to Group 17 and 3rd Period.
Y belongs to Group 2 and 4th Period.
(b) X-non-metal and Y-metal.
(c) Basic oxide; Ionic bonding.
(d)

Answer 200
(a) As different elements were being discovered, scientists gathered more information about the properties of
these elements. It was observed that it was difficult to organise all the information or properties of these
elements. So scientists started discovering some pattern in their properties to classify all the known elements
to make their study easier.
(b) Atomic mass and similarity of chemical properties (compounds formed by elements with oxygen and
hydrogen) were the two criteria used by Mendeleev in his Periodic Table.
(c) Mendeleev left some gaps in his Periodic Table as he predicted the existence of some elements that had not
been discovered at that time.
(d) Noble gases like helium, neon, argon, etc. we’re not mentioned in Mendeleev’s Periodic Table because
these gases were discovered later as they are very inert and present in extremely low concentrations in our
atmosphere. After the discovery of noble gases they could be placed in a new group without disturbing the
existing order of the Periodic Table.
(e) The Modem Periodic Table states that properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic
numbers, since Cl-35 and Cl-37 isotopes have the same atomic number (17), hence they will have same
chemical properties even though their atomic masses are different. So, they should be placed in the same slot
of the periodic table.

Answer 201:
(a) The element are: Neon (Z = 10), Calcium (Z = 20), Nitrogen (Z = 7) and Silicon (Z = 14).
(b) Group number: Neon (18), Calcium (2), Nitrogen (15), Silicon (14).
(c) Periods: Neon (2), Calcium (4), Fluorine (2), Silicon (3).
(d) Electronic Configuration: Neon (2, 8); Calcium (2, 8, 8, 2); Nitrogen (2, 5); Silicon (2, 8, 4).
(e) Valency: Neon (zero); Calcium (2); Nitrogen (3); Silicon (4).

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 PERIODIC TABLE MULTIPLE CHOICE ANSWER ONLY

Answer 202:
(a) (i) G having 8 electrons in its valence shell is a noble gas. 10G : 2, 8
(ii) F having 7 electrons in its valence shell is a halogen.17F : 2, 8, 7
(iii) B having 1 electron in its valence shell is an alkali metal.11B : 2, 8, 1
Element A is also an alkali metal.3A : 2, 1
(iv) The element D having 4 electrons in its valence shell will have valency 4.14D : 2, 8, 4
(b) A is an electropositive element with valency 1 while F is an electronegative element with valency 1.
Hence, the formula of the compound between A and F would be AF.
(c) The electronic configuration of G is:10G : 2, 8.

Answer 204:
(a) Neon [Ne] (2, 8)
(b) Magnesium [Mg]
(c) Silicon [Si] (2, 8, 4)
(d) Boron [B] (2, 3)
(e) Carbon [C] (2, 4).

Answer 205:
(a) H, He, Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, Ne, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar, K, Ca
(b) Group 1 – H, Li, Na, K
Group 2 – Be, Mg, Ca
Group 13 – B, Al
Group 14 – C, Si
Group 15 – N, P
Group 16 – O, S
Group 17 – F, Cl
Group 18 – He, Ne, Ar.

Answer 206:
(a) Group-17
(b) Third period
(c) 7
(d) Non-metal.

Answer207:
(a) Eka-silicon for germanium (Ge) and Eka-aluminium for Gallium (Ga).
(b) Group number of Ga is 13 and its period is 4th and group number of Ge is 14 and its period is also 4th.
(c) Both Ga and Ge are metalloids.
(d) Ga lies in group 13, therefore, it has 13 – 10 = 3 valence electrons. Similarly, Ge lies in group 14 and hence it
has 14 – 10 = 4 valence electron.

Answer 208:
(i) C
(ii) B
(iii) A
(iv) Second period.
Answer 209:
(a) Lithium (Z = 3) is the most electropositive element.
(b) Fluorine (Z = 9) is the most electronegative element.
(c) Fluorine (Z = 9) has the smallest atomic size.
(d) Boron (Z = 5) is a metalloid.
(e) Carbon (Z = 6) shows the maximum valency (4).
However, the element nitrogen (Z = 7) can show valency 5 in some compounds (example, N2O5).

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 PERIODIC TABLE MULTIPLE CHOICE ANSWER ONLY

Answer 210:
(a) The element ‘E’ present in group 14 is a non-metal. Its name is silicon (Si) and the compounds of the
element are only covalent.
(b) The element ‘D’ present in group 2 is a metal known as magnesium (Mg). It exhibits valency 2 in its
compounds.(c) The elements ‘B’ present in group 15 is a non-metal. It is nitrogen (N) and exhibits valency 3 in
its compounds.
(d) The element ‘D’ has more atomic radius than the element ‘E’ as the atomic size decreases along a period.
(e) The elements ‘C’ and ‘F’ present in group 18 belong to a family known as noble gases.
Answer 211:
(a) Z
(b) L, Q, R and T belongs to halogen family.
(c) Group-2 element – Ca, Mg
Group-15 element – N, P
(d) The element argon (Ar) is also present in group 18.
(e) The element is silicon (Si).
Answer 212:
(i) Gallium (Ga), Germanium (Ge).
(ii) (a) Position of hydrogen.
(b) Position of isotopes.
(iii) Use of knowledge of Chemistry, Thinking ability.

1.Name the scientist who presented ‘law of octaves.’

2.Name the scientist who presented modified periodic table.
3. Which is the shortest period in the long form of periodic table?
4. Which is the longest period in the long form of periodic table?
5. Which element has the highest ionization enthalpy value?
6. Which element has the highest negative electron gain enthalpy value?
7. Which element has the highest electro negativity?
8. Which is the most electropositive element in the periodic table?
9. Why the electron gain enthalpies of halogens are so high?
10. Why noble gases have positive electron gain enthalpies?
11. Why the second ionization enthalpy of an element is higher than the first?
12. What property of an element is measured by its electron affinity?
13. The elements of group 17 are F, Cl, Br and I. which of these elements will form negative ions most readily
and why?
14. Why do group 1 elements show similar chemical properties/
15. The atomic number of an element X is 3. Identify the group and the period in which X is present.
16. Why does the atomic size decrease on moving from left to right across a period of the periodic table?

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 PERIODIC TABLE MULTIPLE CHOICE ANSWER ONLY

17. What happens to the metallic character of the elements as we move down in a group of the periodic
table?
18. Why do the elements placed in the same group of the periodic table have similar chemical properties?
19. Element X forms a diatomic molecule. An atom of X requires one electron to form a stable X- ion.
In which group of the periodic table is this element present?
20. How does the valency of an element vary on moving from left to right across a period of the periodic
table?
21. Name an element from the following set of elements which does not belong to the set and explain
why it does not belong to the set: Ca, Mg, Na & Be.

53.(i) J   (ii) 5   (iii) B2H

54.
(i) Atomic number of A = Mass number – No. of neutrons = 23 – 12 = 11
Electronic Configuration: 2, 8, 3
Atomic number of B = 20 – 10 = 10
Electronic Configuration: 2, 8
Atomic number of C = 35 – 18 = 17
Electronic Configuration: 2, 8, 7
(ii) A belongs to IA group, B belongs to zero group, C belongs to VII A group
(iii) A belongs to 3rd period, B belongs to 2nd period, C belongs to 3rd period 
(iv) A is an alkali metal B is a noble gas C is a halogen

55.
(i) Oxygen and sulphur
(ii) Chromium
(iii) Calcium
(iv) Sulphur
(v) Calcium
(vi) Calcium
(vii) Chromium
(viii) Silicon
(ix) Helium and Krypton
(x) Chromic acid produced by chromium

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