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Slide 1 A pleasant morning to you all! We are beyond grateful to be given an

TITLE PAGE opportunity to present again. Today, my groupmates and I will be
presenting our thesis with the title “Rebuilding Tourism for the Future:
Crisis Management of Tourism Business Owners in Cabanatuan City''.

Slide 2 We will present in detail the contents of the three chapters submitted to
CONTENTS and checked by our esteemed panelists.

Slide 3 Let us start with the introduction and background of the study. I will be the
INTRODUCTION first presenter, Jezreel Joy Mangayan.
AND
BACKGROUND

Slide 4 Our research started in consideration of these 17 Sustainable

SUSTAINABLE Development Goals. It is a universal call to action to end poverty, protect
DEVELOPMENT the planet, and ensure that by 2030, all people shall enjoy peace and
GOALS prosperity.

Slide 5 The tourism industry’s involvement is recognized in the SDG 8: Decent

GOALS Work and Economic Growth and SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and
Production.

Our contribution as part of the tourism industry is to nurture a sustainable

tourism that creates jobs, to promote local culture and products, and to
develop tools to monitor sustainable development impacts.

Slide 6 When a crisis strikes, we cannot fulfill our purpose. One of the first to
CRISIS suffer in crisis is the tourism industry. Whatever the form or the degree,
MANAGEMENT the industry is open to risks, threats, and crises.

Slide 7 When COVID-19 hit, the tourism industry has been affected. This recent
GLOBE WITH crisis has interrupted operations and businesses all over the world.
MASK

Slide 8 The Department of Tourism reported that international and domestic

THE tourist arrivals in the first quarter of the year declined to P85 billion, 36%
DEPARTMENT lower than the revenues in the same period last year.
OF TOURISM...

Slide 9 Our research, therefore, would like to contribute to the growing body of
PREPARING A evidence suggesting that preparing a crisis management plan is
CRISIS... necessary.

Being prepared for crises will help the tourism industry play their role in
achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.

Slide 10 At this point, I would like to present the theoretical and conceptual
THEORETICAL framework of our research.
AND
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK

Slide 11 This study is anchored to Tony Jacques’ relational model. It has four
THEORETICAL primary elements — crisis preparedness, crisis prevention, crisis incident
FRAMEWORK management, and post-crisis management.

The first two elements are in the preparedness and protection phase. The
third element is the confrontation phase. The fourth element is the
recovery phase.

Jaques concluded that understanding the relationship among these

elements, and putting them in context of larger organizational
management, diminishes crisis-related losses.

Slide 12 This is the conceptual framework of our research. To provide the general
CONCEPTUAL structure and guide for the direction of study, we use the IPO model.
FRAMEWORK
The areas studied were the profile of the tourism businesses and their
practices in handling crises and their best practices in managing
problems. The process involves survey questionnaires and statistical
treatment of data. The output is a crisis management plan for tourism
business owners in Cabanatuan City

Slide 13 To be able to come up with a crisis management plan, the aim of the
STATEMENT OF study is to assess the crisis management practices of tourism business
THE PROBLEM owners in Cabanatuan City. Specifically, we aim to answer the following
questions.

Slide 14 1. What is the profile of the businesses in terms of nature of business,

STATEMENT OF years in operation, sector, and annual revenue?
THE PROBLEM 2. What are the crisis management practices of tourism business owners
in terms of preparedness and protection phase, confrontation phase, and
recovery phase?
3. What is the correlation of business profile to crisis management?

We believe that by answering these questions will result in an effective

crisis management plan.

Slide 15 These are the scope and limitations of our study.

SCOPE AND
LIMITATIONS

Slide 16 The respondents of our research are owners or administrators of hotels

WHO, WHERE, and rentals, restaurants, shops and boutiques, tours and parks, resorts,
WHAT, WHEN and other tourism businesses in Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija. We will
focus on the evaluation of their crisis management practices. The
research will be conducted from July to August 2021.

Slide 17 The three phases of their crisis management practices will be described.
THREE PHASES The three phases are the preparedness and protection stage,
confrontation stage, and recovery stage.

Slide 18 Our research will have a significant impact on the following.

SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY

Slide 19 Tourism business owners - to help them evaluate their current crisis
SIGNIFICANCE management
OF THE STUDY
Tourism business employees - because they are at the direct line of
crises and a Crisis Management Plan is essential for their safety and
security.

Local community or customers - so that transactions will be safer,

smoother, and more secure.

Lawmakers – they can use this as a basis in creating regulations and laws

Future researchers – This study will serve as a reference to students who

will conduct research studies about crisis management of tourism
businesses.

Tourism Courses Instructors – This study will serve as a reference for

their curriculum.

Slide 20 We will now present literature and studies that have important findings
REVIEW OF about the global tourism industry and crisis management practices. We
RELATED are Janessa Jaspe and Nicole Valenzuela.
LITERATURE
AND STUDIES

Slide 21 Steven Fink’s model of crisis management consists of four stages. In the
CRISIS prodromal stage, crisis managers should be proactively monitoring,
MANAGEMENT seeking to identify signs of a crisis, and trying to prevent it or limit its
scope. In the acute stage, the activation of crisis managers and their
plans must be done. In the chronic stage, commissioned personnel must
repair damage to buildings and roads. Finally, in the resolution stage,
analysis must be done to implement changes and ensure that there will
be no repetition.

This theory of crisis management can be summed up as a thought-out

plan by an organization to minimize, manage, or avert a crisis when it
arises

Slide 22 These are some of the studies conducted about crisis management in
CRISIS tourism.
MANAGEMENT
IN TOURISM According to Mones and Cruz, some hotels in the Philippines do have a
comprehensive crisis management plan. There are manuals and alarm
 systems to guide them in emergencies.

According to Todman-Lewis, owners of tourism businesses must improve

on organizational preparedness, operational preparedness, and strategic
communication before, during, and after crises.

According to Ritchie and Jiang, the literature on business response and

recovery are limited. There is a lack of studies about organizational
learning, knowledge management, and recovery strategies in crisis.

According to Gani and Singh, there is an absence of contingency planning

in tourism businesses.

Slide 23 These are the studies conducted about crisis management practices in
CRISIS the midst of a global pandemic.
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICES... According to Alves, Lok, Luo, and Hao, small local businesses in China
show flexibility in dealing with COVID-19. One of the reasons is that they
have a formal crisis plan.

According to Pavlatos, Kostakis, and Digkas, big hotels in Greece found

five categories of crisis management practices that can be used by the
industry for its recovery. These are government practices, marketing
practices, operations practices, cost reduction practices and pricing
practices.

According to Lai and Wong, hotels in Macau prioritizes virus prevention

practices. However, some practices such as staff vacations and system
maintenance were compromised.

Slide 24 Although these studies support that crisis is an important topic for the
SYNTHESIS tourism industry, their most important contribution may be that they raise
AND a variety of intriguing issues for future study.To synthesize, studies show
RELEVANCE that while some tourism businesses do have a crisis management plan,
they only have actions for the protection and preparation phase. Studies
show that the confrontation phase and recovery phase of the tourism
industry are lacking.

Some businesses show resilience to the global pandemic, and this only
highlights the need to create a comprehensive crisis management plan
that will include all three phases.

Also, the pandemic has been evolving and has been continuing to put a
risk to travelers and tourists, crisis management practices cannot cope
up. Much work remains to be done before a full understanding of an
effective crisis management plan is established. The researchers will
attempt to assess the crisis management practices to provide a crisis
management plan for the tourism business owners at Cabanatuan City,
 Nueva Ecija.

Our research has a good value for domestic tourism crisis research
because it will be specifically conducted during the COVID-19 crisis.
Rebuilding the future of tourism will start by making effective crisis
management plans.

Slide 25 We will now present the research methods to be used in our research. We
RESEARCH are Eduardo Soriano and Rye Allaine Pajar.
METHODS

Slide 26 We used the descriptive correlational research design because it refers to

RESEARCH the process that involves looking at relationships between two or more
DESIGN variables.

Slide 27 We used a software called G*Power 3.1 to determine our sample size.
SAMPLE SIZE The test we used was called priori statistical power analysis. You may
refer to Appendix C, page 45, for the computation of the sample size.

According to the computations, there will be 84 respondents to our

research.

Slide 28 We will use a purposive sampling technique. It is a sampling technique in

SAMPLING which researchers rely on their own judgment when choosing members of
TECHNIQUE the population to participate in the study.

Slide 29 The survey questionnaire is our research instrument. It contains questions

RESEARCH that gather the profile of tourism businesses. It also has survey questions
INSTRUMENT that investigate the crisis management practices of tourism business
owners.

The questionnaire is adapted from Crisis Management Performance

Assessment Questionnaire in Industries validated by Lotfollahzadeh, A. et
al. You may refer to Appendix D, page 46, the researchers have obtained
permission from one of the authors of the questionnaire.

Slide 30 This will be our data gathering procedure. We will begin by asking
DATA permission from each respondent and asking them to sign a consent
GATHERING form. The survey questionnaires will be distributed through a survey
administration software (Google Forms) due to the ongoing pandemic. We
may also contact the respondents by mobile phone for follow-up and to
ask additional questions.

Slide 31 This is how we will analyze the data to be gathered.

ANALYSIS OF
DATA
Slide 32 SPSS or Statistical Package for the Social Sciences will be used to
SPSS analyze and interpret the data.

Slide 33 To answer the first statement of the problem, frequency and percentage
ANALYSIS OF will be used to describe the profile of the businesses in terms of nature of
DATA business, years in operation, sector, and annual revenue.

To answer the second statement of the problem, weighted mean and

standard deviation will be used to describe the crisis management
practices of tourism owners in terms of preparedness and protection
phase, confrontation phase and recovery phase

Slide 34 To answer the third statement of the problem, Chi-square test will be used
ANALYSIS OF to determine the correlation between the business profile in terms of
DATA nature of business and sector to crisis management practices.

On testing the relationship between the business profile in terms of years

in operation and annual revenue to crisis management practices,the
Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient will be the measure.

Slide 35
NAMES AND
PICTURES OF
GROUP
MEMBERS

Slide 36 Thank you so much for listening. We are ready to answer any questions
THANK YOU or clarifications on our presentation.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1. How would you define “crisis”? Crisis and crisis management have numerous
“Crisis management”? existing definitions. As someone who will
work in the tourism industry, a crisis happens
when there’s a sudden internal or external
event while organizations have little power or
control to respond. Crisis management
includes the practices of the organizations to
reduce the likelihood of a crisis, mitigate crisis
impact, and reestablish order after a crisis.

2. Why did you choose this topic? 2.1 The tourism industry is severely affected
with the COVID-19 pandemic. As a student
who is looking forward to working in the
industry, I would like to contribute in
rebuilding the future for tourism. Assessing
crisis management practices in the
Cabanatuan City will have a valuable
contribution not just because a pandemic is
happening but because I believe that crisis
management is important for every
organization.

2.2 I am an advocate of Sustainable Tourism.

Sustainable tourism is when the industry
creates jobs and promotes local culture and
products. I believe that assessing crisis
management practices is a step forward
towards Sustainable Tourism.

3. What inspired you to pursue this 3.1 The Department of Tourism reported that
research? there is a 36% decline in international and
domestic tourists. I am inspired to pursue this
study because I am thinking of the families
affected by this and because I believe
effective crisis management will help the
industry before, during and after a crisis.

3.2 Organisation for Economic Co-operation

and Development (OECD) reports that
domestic tourism is expected to recover
more quickly. That inspired me to pursue this
study. I hope that our study will help the local
tourism especially the Cabanatuan’s business
tourism owners to recover.
4. What is the contribution of your 4.1 One of the research gaps that our review
research? of related literature and studies presented is
the lack of studies focusing on domestic and
local markets. Leta and Chan (2021)
concluded that marketing strategies and crisis
management practices should focus on
domestic and local markets. Our study will
contribute to the growing body of evidence
suggesting that preparing a crisis
management plan is necessary especially in
DOMESTIC AND LOCAL TOURISM.

4.2 One of the research gaps that our review

of related literature and studies presented is
that most of the studies were conducted after,
rather than during, a crisis. Though some of
the studies were conducted to assess the
impact of COVID-19, there is still a lack of
research examining the effective crisis
management practices during a crisis in the
tourism industry. Our study would like to
provide suggestions for future research and
useful information for scholars, policy makers,
and tourism managers by conducting this
study DURING a crisis.

4.3 This present study has a good value for

domestic tourism crisis research because it
will be specifically conducted during the
COVID-19 crisis at Cabanatuan City. It would
be useful to assess the crisis management
practices of tourism business owners for
future research and useful information for
scholars,policy makers, and tourism
managers.

4.4 Since the pandemic has been evolving

and has been continuing to put a
risk to travelers and tourists, crisis
management practices cannot cope up. Much
work remains to be done before a full
understanding of an effective crisis
management plan is established. The
researchers will attempt to provide a crisis
management plan for the tourism business
owners at Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija.
5. What is the main objective of the 5.1 The main objective of this study is to
research? assess the crisis management practices of
the tourism business owners in Cabanatuan
City.

5.2 The main objective of this study is to be

able to design a crisis management plan
effective for the tourism business owners in
Cabanatuan City.

6. What do you mean by REBUILDING 6.1 Sustainable tourism. Sustainable tourism

TOURISM FOR THE FUTURE? is when the industry creates jobs and
promotes local culture and products. I believe
that assessing crisis management practices is
a step forward towards Sustainable Tourism.

6.2 Since the industry is severely affected by

the covid-19 pandemic, rebuilding tourism for
the future means being able to cope up with
challenges brought by the pandemic.

7. When asked about your theoretical We use Tony Jacques’ relational model
framework... because it has four primary elements — (1)
crisis preparedness, (2) crisis prevention, (3)
crisis incident management, and (4) post-
crisis management.

These elements are important with the

variables we are working with in our study
which are --preparedness and protection
phase, confrontation phase and recovery
phase.

Crisis preparedness and crisis prevention will

fall under the preparedness and protection
phase. Crisis incident management is in the
confrontation phase. Post-crisis management
is under recovery phase.

8. When asked about the conceptual As can be seen, our conceptual framework
framework...

9. SOP: What is the relevance of The relevance of identifying the business

describing the business profile? profile is to identify whether the profile
contributes to the crisis management
practices of the tourism business owners.
 Example, a study has found out that the
importance and use of hospitality crisis
management practices can be based on the
characteristics of hotels. Pavlatos, Kostakis
and Digkas (2021) found out that five-star
hotels remain on providing
quality services through operational
upgrades, investments in new technologies
on health and safety issues with customers
and it differs to those other hotels.

10. SOP: What is the relevance of Studies by Ritchie and Jiang (2019) and
describing the crisis management Gani and Singh (2019) noted a lack of formal
practices into three phases? crisis or emergency management plans and
recovery practices, hence, it is relevant to
describe the crisis management practices into
three phases to assess whether the crisis
management happens before, during and
after the crisis.

11. SCOPE & LIMITATIONS: Why We believe in the phrase “Think globally, act
Cabanatuan City? locally”. A global pandemic is happening but
we want to contribute and act locally. That's
why we chose Cabanatuan City.

12. SCOPE & LIMITATIONS: Why July As of August 6, the Philippines has 331
to August, 2021. known cases of the highly transmissible Delta
variant. Crisis management practices must
cope up. That’s why we decided that the
study is to be conducted from July to August.

13. What is the basis for the The respondents are tourism business
respondents? owners in Cabanatuan City. A tourism
business owner refers to the proprietor or
administrator of a business in line with the
tourism industry such as hotels and rentals,
restaurants, shops and boutiques, tours,
resorts, and parks. Transportation, lodgings
and accommodations, food and beverages,
and tour and travel service providers will
participate in the survey.

14. What is the expected result of the The expected result of the study are:
study? 1. Profile of tourism business owners in
Cabanatuan City
2. Description of crisis management
practices in three phases
3. Correlation of profile and crisis
management practices
 4. Crisis management plan

15. Who will benefit from the study? Tourism business owners, tourism business
employees, local community, lawmakers,
Future researchers, and Tourism Courses
Instructors will benefit from the study.

16. Are the respondents affected by the Everyone is affected by the pandemic. Surely,
pandemic? the respondents are also affected by the
pandemic.

17. Did you determine the effects on The extent of damage that COVID-19 brought
the owners’ businesses? to the owner’s businesses is immeasurable.
We will conduct our survey with an
assumption that everyone has been affected
and is struggling to survive in the industry.

18. Were you able to finish the survey? Despite the current situation, we were proud
to have accomplished the first three chapters
of our research. We believe that our topic is
important and will benefit not just the tourism
industry, but the entire country. If we would
be given a chance to continue and finish our
survey, we definitely will. However, we
weren’t able to finish it.

19. How many local respondents do We consulted a statistician to determine the

you plan to include? How did you sample size. A total of 84 respondents from
arrive at the sample size? the tourism business in Cabanatuan City will
be chosen to participate in this research.

Please refer to appendix C, page 45.

A priori statistical power analysis was

conducted using GPower 3.1 to determine the
sample size.

Power level (1 - β) is the probability that the

null hypothesis will be rejected when it is
false(Type I error). Significance level α
controls the risk of rejecting the null
hypothesis when it is true (Type II error).
Effect size (i.e. small=.10, medium=.30 and
large=50) is the discrepancy between the null
hypothesis and the alternate hypothesis.

With α=0.05, an effect size of 0.3 (medium),

and statistical power of 0.80, the sample size
 is 84. With a statistical power of 0.80, it
means that there is an 80% chance of
avoiding Type II error (the null hypothesis will
be rejected when it is false) in hypothesis
testing.

20. How did you apply purposive We will rely on our criteria when choosing
sampling? members of the population to participate in
the surveys. We will find individuals who do fit
in the particular profile: tourism business
owners in Cabanatuan City. A tourism
business owner refers to the proprietor or
administrator of a business in line with the
tourism industry such as hotels and rentals,
restaurants, shops and boutiques, tours,
resorts, and parks. Transportation, lodgings
and accommodations, food and beverages,
and tour and travel service providers will
participate in the survey.

21. What criteria did you apply to The respondent should be a tourism business
select the respondents? owner in Cabanatuan City. A tourism
business owner refers to the proprietor or
administrator of a business in line with the
tourism industry such as hotels and rentals,
restaurants, shops and boutiques, tours,
resorts, and parks. Transportation, lodgings
and accommodations, food and beverages,
and tour and travel service providers will
participate in the survey.

22. Have you answered the research The adapted survey questionnaire will
questions? definitely answer the research questions.
Section 1 will describe the business profile.
Section 2 will describe the crisis management
practices in three phases.

To answer whether there is correlation,

statistical analysis will be used. Chi-square
test will be used to determine the correlation
between the business profile in terms of
nature of business and sector to crisis
management practices. Chi-square statistic is
used to test relationships between categorical
variables. On testing the relationship between
the business profile in terms of years in
 operation and annual revenue to crisis
management practices, the Pearson product-
moment correlation coefficient will be the
measure. Pearson’s R is used to test
relationships between continuous data.

23. How do you expect respondents to The respondents will respond by answering
answer the questions? the google form which will be sent by the
respondents.

24. Do you think your research is Yes. The instrument that we adapted is used
valid? from a study which aimed to validate an
instrument to describe the Crisis
Management Performance
Assessment in Industries.
We also plan to measure the reliability and
validity of the instrument.

To measure the reliability of the research

instrument, Cronbach’s Alpha shall be
used. Cronbach’s Alpha is a statistic
“commonly quoted by authors to demonstrate
that tests and scales that have been
constructed or adapted for research projects
are fit for
purpose” (Taber, 2018).

SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social

Sciences) will be used
to compute it.

To measure the validity of the research

instrument, an expert in the field
shall evaluate the content validity of the
questionnaire.

25. What is the strongest point and The strongest point of our study is its
weakest point of your thesis? relevance in the present times. The weakest
point of our thesis is that it only tries to cover
the tourism industry in Cabanatuan City. We
believe that our research has potential to
save more hospitality and tourism businesses
in the Philippines. Still, we recognize that we
are still newbies in the field of research so we
started in a smaller scope.

26. If you are going to change anything We would want to cover more grounds as
 in your research, which would you possible. We would like to get answers from
change? tourism business owners in major cities like
Manila, Cebu, Davao, and all over the
Philippines.

27. What is the role of each One of my roles is to gather related literature
researcher? and studies. This role helps me to realize the
importance of reading a lot because it helps
me to understand our study and to identify the
gap.

One of my roles is to make sure that our

statement of the problem will be answered by
our research instrument. Since we adapt a
research instrument, it is important that we
study each item. I also tried to message an
author regarding the research instrument.

One of my roles is to write the introduction

and background of the study. While writing, I
have realized that conducting a study like this
will have a contribution to the industry.

One of my roles is to check whether we have

cited the authors properly and that we
included all our sources in the reference list.
This helps me to be keen when it comes to
details.

28. Why did you consider including There are some sources that were published
sources which are more than 5 more than 5 years ago, but the majority of our
years? sources are recent. The reason why we
included literature from long ago is because
we believe that the information they provide is
still relevant and helpful to the points we are
making in our study. We used some “old”
sources as a foundation of new ideas and
knowledge we are trying to produce.

29. Data gathering - how would you As hospitality and tourism students, we
send the google form? already know some people who work in the
industry. We will start there and distribute our
survey form through social media platforms.